514:
536:– are associated with this period. During this period, the concept of the Swiss style was formed as an established canonical system. The formation of the main texts and theoretical programs of the Swiss School is associated with this period – the theoretical works of Armin Hofmann, Emil Ruder and Joseph Müller-Brockmann were created. During this period, magazines were published that supported the spread and recognition of the Swiss style. Since 1946, the magazine Typografische Monatsblätter has become one of the tools for disseminating modernism and the Swiss style. From 1958 to 1965, the
20:
131:
219:
557:, the Swiss style was used by large corporations and official institutions in the United States. Large corporations have used the Swiss style as a basis, focusing on its simplicity and intuitive understanding across cultures. The Swiss Style became noticeably widespread in the United States (primarily as the style of large corporations), and was also the basis of the Japanese school of graphic design, where the Swiss Style was used as a universal communication tool.
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188:. Applied arts in general and applied graphics in particular were presented as the most important elements of the artistic system. The Swiss school used little or no stylistic elements of the Arts and Crafts Movement. However, the idea of new graphics, which first formed the basis of the International Typographic Style and then the Swiss Style, is associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement.
259:(the school itself was founded in 1878). Keller developed a course in graphic design and typography. In his works, Keller used simple geometric shapes, intense colors, based on fundamentally simple graphic solutions. These techniques will subsequently be used by masters of the Swiss school. Keller shaped many future principles of Swiss design.
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spread the new style outside of
Switzerland. One of the editors, Joseph MĂĽller-Brockmann, "sought an absolute and universal form of graphic expression through objective presentation, communicating with the audience without the interference of the designer's subjective feelings or propaganda techniques of persuasion."
573:
Swiss style is considered one of the most large-scale phenomena in graphic design. In fact, the Swiss school defined the basic principles and appearance of the modern graphics system. The Swiss style was used as the main tool in shaping the principles of corporate identity in various areas. Also, the
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magazine was published, which defined the principles, basis and character of the Swiss style. Its editors were influential designers who played a key role in the development of Swiss style. The magazine's graphics were based on the consistent use of elements of the Swiss school. Neue Grafik helped
339:
Many of the principles developed within the Swiss style were outlined within the
International Typographic Style. Swiss graphics used these principles as a basic platform, but reworked them into a new, streamlined style. The principles of the International Typographic Style were refined within the
455:
Left alignment is one of the central techniques of the Swiss school. This technique was used within the framework of the
International Typographic Style, as well as in the graphic systems of Russian constructivism and the Bauhaus tradition. In the system of the Swiss school, this technique became
442:
The use of white space is another technique inherited from the Swiss School in the tradition of the
International Typographic Style. The free space allowed us to maintain the balance of the page. The use of empty space in the tradition of the Swiss school has become the basis of modern graphic
210:, the Swiss Werkbund was founded, the purpose of which was to spread the ideas of new art and craft in Switzerland. The industrial basis and focus on functional applied forms proposed by the German and Swiss Werkbunds influenced the formation of the functional concept of the Swiss style.
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in 1918, he outlined the basic principles of the future Swiss School, and also contributed to the formation of a whole generation of graphic designers. The masters trained by Keller formed the basis of the Swiss school of graphic design. One of Keller's students was
434:. Originating in the 1920s, the tradition of asymmetrical text layout became fundamental in Swiss graphic design. The Swiss school made asymmetry the basis of the graphic style, improving the techniques of asymmetrical layout and creating its stable standard.
239:). Transformations in this area are associated with the name of Julius de Pretere, a Belgian artist and graphic artist, who in 1906 was appointed the new rector of the School of Applied Arts in ZĂĽrich. De Preteret's reforms and course changes he introduced in
73:
There is difficulty in defining the boundaries of the term "Swiss style". Due to the wide distribution of the Swiss style in different countries, it is also often identified as the international phenomenon. Sometimes this concept is confused with the term
362:
The idea of a modular grid arose at the beginning of the 20th century and was adjusted within the framework of the
International Typographic Style in the 1920s and 1930s. The classic understanding of the modular system was formulated in the works of
86:. This is wrong. The Swiss school, being a continuation of the International Typographic Style, is an autonomous phenomenon. Swiss style is an independent system associated with the formation of the graphic style of the 1950s – 1960s.
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The 1950s saw a distillation of elements of the Swiss style. The basis for the formation of a new classical system was the creation of new fonts – first of all, simple sans-serif typefaces. This process was supported by
293:
marked the future visual program of the Swiss style. Graphic elements formed within the framework of
Russian Constructivism, the De Stijl movement, and the Bauhaus artistic tradition formed the basis of the Swiss style.
473:
system in
Switzerland. Swiss design developed within educational institutions. This stage in the development of the Swiss style is associated with the name of Ernst Keller, who taught at the School of Applied Arts in
574:
Swiss style contributed to the development and spread of minimalism as a mass artistic doctrine. It is believed that it was the Swiss style that formed the basis of the modern computer design system, in particular
226:
The development of the Swiss school is associated not only with the development of industrial ideas, but also with the reform of art education in
Switzerland. These changes affected the curricula of schools in
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framework of Swiss design. These basic principles include techniques such as the use of modular grids, asymmetrical layout, choosing simple sans-serif fonts, left alignment, and white space on the page.
717:
Vasileva E.V., Garifullina (Aristova) Zh.S. Flat-Design and the System of
International style: graphic principles and visual form // Sign: problem field of media education. 2018. No. 3 (29). pp. 43–49.
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Vasileva E. (2016) Ideal and utilitarian in the international style system: subject and object in the design concept of the 20th century // International
Journal of Cultural Research, 4 (25), 72–80.
838:
Vasileva E. (2016) Ideal and utilitarian in the international style system: subject and object in the design concept of the 20th century // International Journal of Cultural Research, 4 (25), 72–80.
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Barbieri, Fornari 2021. Barbieri C., Fornari D. Speaking Italian with a Swiss-German Accent: Walter Ballmer and Swiss Graphic Design in Milan // Design Issues. 2021. N 37 (1). pp. 26–41.
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common in 19th-century printing. Simple fonts made it possible to create a new style that was considered not only practical, but also modern. One of the most famous typefaces was
141:
The development of the Swiss style is associated with the formation of new principles in graphic design and is correlated with a number of prototypes, in particular, such as
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and sans-serif fonts. Swiss style is considered the basis of modern graphic design. In particular, it is believed that many elements of computer design (in particular,
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The period of the 1950s – 1960s is considered to be the classic period in the history of Swiss style. The activities of the main masters of the Swiss school – such as
1040:
Brändle C.; Gimmi K.; Junod B.; Reble C.; Richter B. 100 Years of Swiss Graphic Design. Museum für Gestaltung Zürich. Zürich: Lars Müller Publishers, 2014. 384 p.
505:” – “Swiss font” (Helvetia is one of the names of Switzerland). Helvetica was created as a clean font that could also be applied to long stretches of text.
829:
Brändle C.; Gimmi K.; Junod B.; Reble C.; Richter B. 100 Years of Swiss Graphic Design. Museum für Gestaltung Zürich. Zürich: Lars Müller Publishers, 2014.
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Delamadeleine C. Promoting Swiss Graphic Design and Typography Abroad: The Case of Paris in the 1960s // Design Issues. 2021. N 37 (1). pp. 42–50.
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reorganized design education. The new art education focused less on classical art forms and relied more on the possibilities of industrial design.
82:
in the international space (Europe, Asia, Russia, America, etc.). The term Swiss Style is also sometimes completely identified with the concept of
118:) were formed under the influence of the Swiss style. The Swiss style is associated with the development of modern forms and the graphic basis of
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Tschichold J. Die neue Typographie. Ein Handbuch für zeitgemäß Schaffende. Berlin: Verlag des Bildungsverbandes der Deutschen Buchdrucker, 1928.
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with the participation of Eduard Hoffmann. The use of simple fonts became a distinctive feature of the Swiss school and a marker of new design.
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Swiss style is associated with the formation of new principles of graphic design. They were created based on graphic concepts identified by the
158:
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Okubo I. History of posters in Japan and the present state of their documentation // Art Libraries Journal. 1986. Vol. 11. N 4. Pp. 14 — 18.
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Hollis R. Swiss Graphic Design: The Origins and Growth of an International Style, 1920–1965. New Haven: Yale University Press: 2001. 272 p.
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MĂĽller-Brockmann J. Grid systems in graphic design / Rastersysteme fĂĽr die visuelle Gestaltung. Teufen: Verlag Arthur Niggli, 1981. 162 s.
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from 1918. Keller formed the basic principles of the Swiss school. These principles would later be used by his students, in particular by
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Rousseeuw B. De handpersdrukken van Julius de Praetere voor het eerst bijeengebracht. Ausstellungskatalog. Essen, Carbolineum Pers, 1999.
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Hollis R. Swiss Graphic Design: The Origins and Growth of an International Style, 1920—1965. New Haven: Yale University Press: 2001.
910:
Hollis R. Swiss Graphic Design: The Origins and Growth of an International Style, 1920—1965. New Haven: Yale University Press: 2001.
874:
Hollis R. Swiss Graphic Design: The Origins and Growth of an International Style, 1920—1965. New Haven: Yale University Press: 2001.
847:
Hollis R. Swiss Graphic Design: The Origins and Growth of an International Style, 1920—1965. New Haven: Yale University Press: 2001.
793:
Hollis R. Swiss Graphic Design: The Origins and Growth of an International Style, 1920—1965. New Haven: Yale University Press: 2001.
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Hollis R. Swiss Graphic Design: The Origins and Growth of an International Style, 1920—1965. New Haven: Yale University Press: 2001.
654:
Hollis R. Swiss Graphic Design: The Origins and Growth of an International Style, 1920—1965. New Haven: Yale University Press: 2001.
968:
Vasileva E. (2021) The Swiss Style: It’s Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem // Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 84–101.
901:
Vasileva E. (2021) The Swiss Style: It's Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem // Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 84–101.
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MĂĽller-Brockmann J. Grid systems in graphic design / Rastersysteme fĂĽr die visuelle Gestaltung. Teufen: Verlag Arthur Niggli, 1981.
784:
Vasileva E. (2021) The Swiss Style: It’s Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem // Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 84–101.
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Schwartz F. The Werkbund: Design Theory and Mass Culture Before the First World War. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1996.
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MĂĽller-Brockmann J. Grid systems in graphic design / Rastersysteme fĂĽr die visuelle Gestaltung. Teufen: Verlag Arthur Niggli, 1981.
735:
Vasileva E. (2021) The Swiss Style: It's Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem // Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 84–101.
708:
Vasileva E. (2021) The Swiss Style: It’s Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem // Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 84–101.
672:
Vasileva E. (2021) The Swiss Style: It’s Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem // Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 84–101.
65:. The Swiss style is associated with the activities of Swiss graphic artists, but its principles spread into many other countries.
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had a fundamental influence on the development of the Swiss school. Having started teaching at the School of Applied Sciences in
820:
Vasileva E. (2021) The Swiss Style: It’s Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem // Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 94.
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Vasileva E. (2021) The Swiss Style: It’s Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem // Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 90
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of the International Typographic Style, the techniques, ideology, and principles of which were the basis of the Swiss style.
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in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1928, the book “New Typography” was published, written by the German designer and graphic artist
393:– that is, sans-serif fonts. Simple fonts were used as a minimalist component and formed an alternative to the old serifs
78:, which denotes the architectural system of the 1920s – 1960s and which, in turn, is associated with the development of
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and his colleague Eduard Hoffmann. In fairness, the font “Neue Haas Grotesque” was developed, which was later renamed “
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Ideal and utilitarian in the international style system: subject and object in the design concept of the 20th century
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It is generally accepted that the universal nature of Swiss graphics had a fundamental influence on the formation of
482:. The activities of Ernst Keller are considered an early stage in the formation and development of the Swiss school.
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170:, who perfected the modular grid system and made it the basis of both the Swiss style and modern graphic design.
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Scotford M. Is There a Canon of Graphic Design History? // AIGA Design Journal, 1991. Vol. 9. N. 2. pp. 36–39.
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The development of the Swiss school and the Swiss style was directly related to the development of the
45:) is a trend in graphic design, formed in the 1950s–1960s under the influence of such phenomena as the
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Lzicar R. Swiss Graphic Design: A British Invention? // Design Issues. 2021. N 37 (1). pp. 51–63.
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MĂĽller-Brockmann J. Geschichte der visuellen Kommunikation. Teufen: Verlag Arthur Niggli, 1971. 334 s.
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Hofmann A. Graphic Design Manual: Principles and Practice. New York: Reinhold Publishing, 1965. 172 p.
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MĂĽller-Brockmann J. Gestaltungsprobleme des Grafikers. Teufen: Verlag Arthur Niggli, 1961. 186 s.
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was focused on the development of industrial arts and crafts. In 1913, on the initiative of
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is considered the basis of the Swiss style and a key element of modern graphic design.
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Meggs P. A History of Graphic Design. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. 592 p.
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Frampton K. Modern Architecture: A Critical History. London: Thames and Hudson, 1980.
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Ruder E. Typography: A Manual of Design. Teufen: Verlag Arthur Niggli, 1967. 274 p.
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Asymmetrical layout was inherited by the Swiss school from the tradition of the
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An important basis for the future of the Swiss style was the development of the
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Meggs P. A History of Graphic Design. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
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Meggs P. A History of Graphic Design. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
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Meggs P. A History of Graphic Design. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
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Meggs P. A History of Graphic Design. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
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Meggs P. A History of Graphic Design. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
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Meggs P. A History of Graphic Design. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
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Meggs P. A History of Graphic Design. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
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Meggs P. A History of Graphic Design. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
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553:. The Swiss style was the basis for the style of large corporations. After
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First half of the 20th century: Ernst Keller and the education system
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The Swiss Style: It’s Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem
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The Swiss Style: It’s Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem
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The Swiss Style: It’s Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem
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The Swiss Style: It’s Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem
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fundamental, practically displacing other principles of layout.
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The idea of reform of applied graphics was outlined within the
1022:// International Journal of Cultural Research, 4 (25), 72–80.
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A recognizable feature of the Swiss style was the use of
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graphics, the use of a modular grid system, asymmetrical
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106:. The basic principles of the Swiss style include
520:. Typographische Monatsblätter, 1959, No. 6.
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401:, developed in 1957 by the Swiss typographer
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1015:// Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 84–101.
636:// Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 84–101.
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545:National schools and corporate style: 1970s
415:. «„Grid Systems in Graphic Design“», 1981.
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932:// Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 84–101
569:Karl Gerstner. Logo Swissair, 1978 Đł.
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766:// Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 3, 87.
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255:, Ernst Keller began teaching at the
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420:Asymmetrical arrangement of elements
371:. Improved by Swiss designers, the
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589:International style (architecture)
330:. «Die gute Form» exhibition 1956.
192:Werkbunds: Germany and Switzerland
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369:The Grid System in Graphic Design
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263:Constructivism, De Stijl, Bauhaus
316:. “New Typography” outlined the
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80:architectural modernism
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