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Sweet Track

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local inhabitants began to clear these forests about this time to make way for an economy that was predominately pastoral with small amounts of cultivation. During the winter, the flooded areas of the levels would have provided this fishing, hunting, foraging and farming community with abundant fish and wildfowl; in the summer, the drier areas provided rich, open grassland for grazing cattle and sheep, reeds, wood, and timber for construction, and abundant wild animals, birds, fruit, and seeds. The need to reach the islands in the bog was sufficiently pressing for them to mount the enormous communal activity required for the task of stockpiling the timber and building the trackway, presumably when the waters were at their lowest after a dry period. The work required for the construction of the track demonstrates that they had advanced woodworking skills and suggests some differentiation of occupation among the workers. They also appear to have been managing the surrounding woodland for at least 120 years.
577:, were laid down and held in place with the pegs, which were driven at an angle across the rails and into the peat base of the bog. Notches were then cut into the planks to fit the pegs, and the planks were laid along the X shapes to form the walkway. In some places a second rail was placed on top of the first one to bring the plank above it level with the rest of the walkway. Some of the planks were then stabilised with slender, vertical wooden pegs driven through holes cut near the end of the planks and into the peat, and sometimes the clay, beneath. At the southern end of the construction smaller trees were used, and the planks split across the grain to utilise the full diameter of the trunk. Fragments of other tree species including 538: 546: 170: 530: 462: 31: 651:, has been surrounded by a clay bank to prevent drainage into surrounding lower peat fields, and water levels are regularly monitored. The viability of this method is demonstrated by comparing it with the nearby Abbot's Way, which has not had similar treatment, and which in 1996 was found to have become dewatered and desiccated. Evaluation and maintenance of water levels in the Shapwick Heath Nature Reserve involves the Nature Conservancy Council, the 565:, driven into the underlying peat. The planks, which were up to 40 centimetres (16 in) wide, 3 metres (120 in) long and less than 5 centimetres (2.0 in) thick, were cut from trees up to 400 years old and 1 metre (39 in) in diameter, felled and split using only stone axes, wooden wedges, and mallets. The length, straightness, and lack of forks or branches in the pegs suggest that they were taken from 367: 177: 647:, and installation of a water pumping and distribution system along a 500-metre (1,600 ft) section, several hundred metres of the track's length are now being actively conserved. This method of preserving wetland archaeological remains (maintaining a high water table and saturating the site) is rare. A 500-metre (1,600 ft) section, which lies within the land owned by the 616:, before being assembled on site, although the presence of wood chips and chopped branches indicates that some trimming was performed locally. The track was constructed from about 200,000 kilograms (440,000 lb) of timber, but Coles estimates that once the materials were transported to the site, ten men could have assembled it in one day. 658:
Although the wood recovered from the Levels was visually intact, it was extremely degraded and very soft. Where possible, pieces of wood in good condition, or the worked ends of pegs, were taken away and conserved for later analysis. The conservation process involved keeping the wood in heated tanks
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The Sweet Track was used only for about ten years; rising water levels may have engulfed it, and therefore curtailed its use. The variety of objects found alongside the track suggest that it was in daily use as part of the farming life of the community. Since its discovery, it has been determined
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The community that constructed the trackway were Neolithic farmers who had colonised the area around 3900 BC, and the evidence suggests that they were, by the time of construction, well organised and settled. Before this human incursion, the uplands surrounding the levels were heavily wooded, but
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within Meare Pool appear to originate from a collection of structures erected on the surface of the dried peat, such as tents, windbreaks and animal folds. Clay was later spread over the peat, providing raised stands for occupation, industry and movement, and in some areas thicker clay spreads
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axehead was found alongside the track; it is thought to have been placed there as an offering. One of over 100 similar axe heads found in Britain and Ireland, its good condition and its precious material suggest that it was a symbolic axe, rather than one used to cut wood. Because of the
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and, by a process of evaporation, gradually replacing the water in the wood with the wax over a period of about nine months. After this treatment the wood was removed from the tank and wiped clean. As the wax cooled and hardened, the artefact became firm and could be handled freely.
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difficulty of working this material, which was derived from the Alpine area of Europe, all the axe heads of this type found in Great Britain are thought to have been non-utilitarian and to have represented some form of currency or be the products of gift exchange.
256:, laid end-to-end. The track was used for a period of only around ten years and was then abandoned, probably due to rising water levels. Following its discovery in 1970, most of the track has been left in its original location, with active 1159: 2067:
Cox, Margaret; Earwood, Caroline; Jones, E.B. Gareth; Jones, Julie; Straker, Vanessa; Robinson, Mark; Tibbett, Mark; West, Steven (October 2001). "An Assessment of the Impact of Trees upon Archaeology Within a Relict Wetland".
1809: 393:. The project undertook a range of local archaeological activities, and established the economic and geographic significance of various trackways from the third and first millennia BC. The work of John Coles, 478:
dating of the peat in which the axe head was discovered suggests that it was deposited in about 3200 BC. Wooden artefacts found at the site include paddles, a dish, arrow shafts, parts of four hazel bows, a
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in London. Although this short section can be assembled for display purposes, it is currently kept in store, off site, and under controlled conditions. A reconstructed section was displayed at the
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Chapmana, Henry P.; Van de Noort, Robert (2001). "High-Resolution Wetland Prospection, using GPS and GIS: Landscape Studies at Sutton Common (South Yorkshire), and Meare Village East (Somerset)".
389:, who had carried out some excavations on nearby trackways. Coles' interest in the trackways led to the Somerset Levels Project, which ran from 1973 to 1989, funded by various donors including 334:
provide evidence that the purpose of these structures was to enable easier travel between the settlements. Investigation of the Meare Pool indicates that it was formed by the encroachment of
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Van de Noort, Robert; Chapman, Henry; Cheetham, James (2001). "Science-based conservation and management in wetland archaeology: the example of Sutton Common, UK". In B. Purdy (ed.).
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The Archaeology of Britain: An Introduction from Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century: An Introduction from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Industrial Revolution
870: 1963: 2131: 1062: 1527: 3689: 4218: 652: 455: 434:, the name given to wood (of any source) that for long periods (sometimes hundreds of thousands of years) has been buried in peat bogs, and kept from 961: 2328: 401:
Award for the best archaeological project offering a major contribution to knowledge, and in 2006 with the European Archaeological Heritage Prize.
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measures taken, including a water pumping and distribution system to maintain the wood in its damp condition. Some of the track is stored at the
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excavations and is named after its finder, Ray Sweet. The company for which he worked, E. J. Godwin, sent part of a plank from the track to
4042: 3551: 898:"Making the Most of a Bad Situation? Glastonbury Abbey, Meare, and the Medieval Exploitation of Wetland Resources in the Somerset Levels" 2231: 1872: 683:. The centre was run by the Somerset Historic Environment Service, but was closed in October 2009 as a result of budget cuts imposed by 3874: 3325: 897: 4208: 4188: 1517:"Archaeological geophysical prospection in peatland environments: Locating the Sweet Track at Canada Farm, Shapwick Heath (Somerset)" 1390: 4248: 252:
Construction was of crossed wooden poles, driven into the waterlogged soil to support a walkway that consisted mainly of planks of
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woodland. Longitudinal log rails up to 6.1 metres (20 ft) long and 7.6 centimetres (3.0 in) in diameter, made of mostly
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EIGG 8th Meeting on Recent Work in Archaeological Geophysics, 16 Dec 2008, The Geological Society, Burlington House, London, UK
241:, a distance close to 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) or around 1.1 mi. The track is one of a network that once crossed the 4183: 2220: 2201: 2051: 2024: 1937: 1913: 1856: 1768: 1741: 1630: 1597: 1572: 1493: 1457: 1425: 1338: 1232: 1106: 1042: 851: 745: 1310: 2321: 1366: 1126: 2294: 2041: 1328: 874: 4203: 1959: 1256: 1190: 169: 3452: 2358: 3659: 3546: 2127: 1758: 1073: 687:. The main exhibits are extant, but future public access is uncertain. Other samples of the track are held in the 487:, a comb, toggles, and a spoon fragment. Finds made from other materials, such as flint flakes, arrowheads, and a 330:; they include the Honeygore, Abbotts Way, Bells, Bakers, Westhay, and Nidons trackways. Sites such as the nearby 4071: 3462: 2500: 2314: 1702: 644: 1222: 4193: 1516: 957:"Studies of the Post-Glacial History of British Vegetation. XIII. The Meare Pool Region of the Somerset Levels" 3684: 3214: 2474: 2542: 1248: 268:
in Taunton. A reconstruction has been made on which visitors can walk, on the same line as the original, in
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Somerset Archaeology: Papers to Mark 150 Years of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society
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Hillam, J.; Groves, C. M.; Brown, D. M.; Baillie, M. G. L.; Coles, J. M.; Coles, B. J. (1990).
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enabled a fuller mapping of the rings, and their relationship with the climate of the period.
3886: 3822: 3696: 3389: 3315: 3089: 3084: 3022: 2961: 2898: 2846: 2839: 2385: 2259: 1879: 210:, England, named after its finder, Ray Sweet. It was built in 3807 BC (determined using 3271: 1614: 1414: 1413: 1185:(2 ed.). UK: Sutton Publishing in association with the National Trust. pp. 17–18. 4152: 4103: 4098: 4081: 4076: 4054: 3844: 3558: 3411: 3303: 3207: 3000: 2685: 2484: 2427: 2243: 2077: 1821: 1007: 970: 386: 2655: 8: 4142: 3807: 3612: 3445: 2978: 2851: 2732: 2707: 699: 660: 515: 297: 2247: 2081: 1825: 1011: 974: 326:
The remains of similar tracks have been uncovered nearby, connecting settlements on the
222:. The Sweet Track was predominantly built along the course of an earlier structure, the 4093: 3996: 3898: 3711: 2893: 2623: 2589: 2255: 1986:"4.20.4 The Sweet Track, the Brue Valley, Somerset: assessment of in situ preservation" 1833: 1302: 930: 695: 688: 620:
that parts of the Sweet Track were built along the route of an even earlier track, the
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demonstrates that it is filled with at least 2 metres (6.6 ft) of detritus mud.
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Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles that Used Them
545: 506:, causing the loss or collection of minerals within the pore water and peat matrix. 4130: 4037: 3780: 3563: 3363: 3283: 3239: 3039: 2861: 2712: 2672: 2251: 2085: 1829: 1294: 1015: 978: 920: 912: 820: 703: 404: 390: 301: 211: 199: 3622: 3578: 2282: 1929: 1485: 737: 4011: 3981: 3743: 3671: 3649: 3607: 3502: 3472: 3337: 3332: 2983: 2866: 2437: 1279: 841: 553:
Built in 3807 or 3806 BC, the track was a walkway consisting mainly of planks of
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The archaeology coursebook: an introduction to themes, sites, methods and skills
1130: 4120: 4047: 3869: 3834: 3765: 3654: 3526: 3234: 2819: 2809: 2630: 2611: 1672: 1386: 916: 672: 633: 613: 454:. The age of the track prompted large-scale excavations in 1973, funded by the 371: 269: 261: 41: 2298: 1878:. Centre for Contemporary Art and the Natural World. p. 2. Archived from 1450:
Stone axe studies: archaeological, petrological, experimental and ethnographic
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lake dwellings, which were likely to have been similar to those found in the
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Most of the track remains in its original location, which is now within the
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Part of the Sweet Track oak causeway, England, c. 3800 BC. Exhibited at the
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protected against unauthorised change. These sections are also included in
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Hill-Cottingham, Pat; Briggs, D.; Brunning, R.; King, A.; Rix, G (2006).
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ceremonial axe head, have been found in the peat bogs along its length.
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The National Trust Historical Atlas of Britain: Prehistoric to Medieval
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Enduring Records. The Environmental and Cultural Heritage of Wetlands
1249:"London's earliest timber structure found during Belmarsh prison dig" 698:, meaning that it is a "nationally important" historic structure and 566: 503: 470: 416: 408: 246: 2297:
and its landscape has recently been made and is also available with
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Interpreting the landscape: landscape archaeology and local history
1129:. Council for British Archaeology. 19 November 1998. Archived from 558: 431: 424: 327: 203: 3852: 3644: 3590: 3536: 3358: 3164: 3074: 2928: 2829: 2787: 2650: 2569: 2522: 2510: 1903: 1756: 609: 590: 586: 484: 316: 285: 234: 450:
dissolved in the acidic water, and represents an early stage of
415:. Analysis of the Sweet Track's timbers has aided research into 3920: 3457: 3435: 3288: 3224: 3169: 2559: 2537: 2505: 2479: 1592:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. pp. 118, 119. 668: 582: 451: 447: 355: 308: 1063:"11. Neolithic and bronze-age Somerset: a wetland perspective" 612:
setting indicates that the track components must have arrived
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Sweet Track to Glastonbury: The Somerset Levels in Prehistory
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on an artificial foundation of timber filled with brushwood,
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Brunning, Richard (February 2001). "The Somerset Levels".
1567:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 4, 5. 1210:. XV (4) (172 (Special issue on Wetlands)). February 2001. 3244: 3010: 2968: 1452:. York: Council for British Archaeology. pp. 13–22. 1199: 1101:. York: Council for British Archaeology. pp. 86–89. 624:, which was constructed thirty years earlier in 3838 BC. 594: 554: 465:
A polished jadeitite axe head from the Museum of Toulouse
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Structures on the Heritage at Risk register in Somerset
807:; Bishop, A. C. & Woolley, A. R. (September 1974). 549:
Digital reconstruction of the Sweet Track, southern end
245:. Various artifacts and prehistoric finds, including a 799: 671:(who extracted peat from the area) was donated to the 1037:. Bradford on Avon: Ex Libris Press. pp. 35–36. 446:
bog conditions. Bog-wood usually is stained brown by
2066: 1650:. XV (4) (172 (Special issue on Wetlands)): 139–143. 997: 1587: 430:The wood used to build the track is now classed as 653:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 533:Diagram showing a cross section of the Sweet Track 229:The track extended across the now largely drained 1669:"1986,1201.1–27 Sweet Track exhibition highlight" 1514: 962:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 732: 730: 728: 726: 724: 722: 419:dendrochronology; comparisons with wood from the 4199:Archaeological discoveries in the United Kingdom 4175: 1897: 1099:Effect of Man on the Landscape: The Lowland Zone 1032: 865: 863: 694:Sections of the track have been designated as a 296:. A group of mounds at Westhay mark the site of 16:Ancient causeway in the Somerset Levels, England 1696: 1694: 954: 765: 763: 218:discovered in the British Isles, dating to the 1757:Fleming, Neil; Grant, Jim; Gorin, Sam (2008). 1612: 719: 637:biological Site of Special Scientific Interest 557:laid end-to-end, supported by crossed pegs of 2322: 1590:Foraging and farming in the eastern woodlands 1560: 1326: 1153:"European Archaeological Heritage Prize 2006" 860: 502:data; the wood may be influencing the peat's 214:- Tree-ring dating) and is the second-oldest 1734:Civil Engineering Heritage: Southern England 1691: 1443:"The chronology of British stone implements" 1361:. London: British Museum Press. p. 22. 1356: 771:"Science: The day the Sweet Track was built" 760: 1736:. London: Thomas Telford ltd. p. 101. 1486:"Neolithic finds, Shapwick Heath, Shapwick" 1448:. In T H McK Clough and W A Cummins (ed.). 1280:"Dendrochronology of the English Neolithic" 1072:. South West Heritage Trust. Archived from 1056: 1054: 2336: 2329: 2315: 2210: 2191: 2114: 2102: 1846: 1795: 1783: 1719: 1158:. European Association of Archaeologists. 1092:"Man and landscape in the Somerset Levels" 846:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. 266. 498:survey of the area in 2008 showed unclear 385:, an assistant lecturer in archaeology at 29: 4219:Prehistoric objects in the British Museum 2046:. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 99. 2019:. Oxford: Oxbow Books. pp. 277–286. 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1033:Williams, Robin; Williams, Romey (1992). 982: 924: 824: 491:(in mint condition) have also been made. 342:climatic period (1st millennium BC), and 284:the track was built between an island at 2120: 1645: 1227:. Rutgers University Press. p. 51. 1220: 1060: 1051: 843:Iron Age Communities in Britain (4th Ed) 839: 667:A section of the track on land owned by 544: 536: 528: 460: 377:The track was discovered in 1970 during 365: 4254:Prehistoric wooden trackways in Europe 4176: 2215:. Cambridge: Somerset Levels Project. 2128:"Scheduled monuments policy statement" 1807: 1545: 1411: 895: 361: 270:Shapwick Heath National Nature Reserve 3500: 3139: 2405: 2310: 2229: 2134:from the original on 22 November 2015 2039: 1847:Rahtz, Phillip; Watts, Lorna (2003). 1731: 1725: 1700: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1440: 1416:Companion encyclopedia of archaeology 1357:Garrow, Duncan; Wilkin, Neil (2022). 1352: 1350: 1333:. London: Routledge. pp. 63–64. 1089: 955:Godwin, H.; Macfadyen, W. A. (1955). 809:"A jade axe from the Somerset Levels" 3501: 1966:from the original on 20 January 2010 1934:Somerset Historic Environment Record 1763:. New York: Routledge. p. 277. 1490:Somerset Historic Environment Record 1420:. New York: Routledge. p. 378. 1221:Lay, M. G.; Vance, James E. (1999). 1180: 1174: 1115:from the original on 3 October 2016. 871:"Sweet Track â€“ Somerset Levels" 742:Somerset Historic Environment Record 643:. Following purchase of land by the 2211:Coles, Bryony; Coles, John (1980). 2192:Coles, John; Coles, Bryony (1986). 1940:from the original on 3 October 2016 1515:Armstrong, K.; Cheetham, P (2008). 1496:from the original on 3 October 2016 1327:Hunter, John; Rolston, Ian (1999). 1162:from the original on 1 October 2016 748:from the original on 3 October 2016 655:, and the Somerset Levels Project. 338:around it, particularly during the 233:between what was then an island at 184:Location of Sweet Track in Somerset 176: 13: 2256:10.1038/scientificamerican1189-100 1834:10.1038/scientificamerican1189-100 1654: 1466:from the original on 21 March 2016 1347: 1316:from the original on 23 July 2011. 781:from the original on 11 March 2010 399:Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) 14: 4265: 3453:Megalithic architectural elements 2275: 2213:Prehistory of the Somerset Levels 2163:. English Heritage. p. 183. 2070:Journal of Archaeological Science 1703:"Archaeology follows a wet track" 1701:Coles, Bryony (15 October 1987). 1533:from the original on 19 July 2011 1259:from the original on 15 July 2011 1000:Journal of Archaeological Science 944:from the original on 3 July 2015. 873:. Digital Digging. Archived from 4209:Scheduled monuments in Sedgemoor 4189:Archaeological sites in Somerset 3140: 2170:from the original on 9 June 2011 1849:Glastonbury Myth and Archaeology 175: 168: 4249:1970 archaeological discoveries 4072:Evolutionary origin of religion 2185: 2146: 2108: 2096: 2060: 2033: 2008: 1978: 1952: 1922: 1865: 1840: 1808:Daniel, Glyn (9 October 1986). 1801: 1789: 1777: 1750: 1713: 1621:. New York: Routledge. p.  1606: 1581: 1508: 1478: 1434: 1405: 1375: 1320: 1271: 1241: 1214: 1145: 1127:"British Archaeological Awards" 1119: 1083: 645:National Heritage Memorial Fund 627: 524: 4224:4th-millennium BC architecture 1936:. South West JHeritage Trust. 1851:. Stroud: Tempus. p. 25. 1026: 991: 948: 889: 833: 793: 483:, yew pins, digging sticks, a 288:and a ridge of high ground at 237:and a ridge of high ground at 1: 3685:Art of the Middle Paleolithic 3215:British megalith architecture 2230:Coles, John (November 1989). 2196:. London: Thames and Hudson. 1873:"Wood Culture: Programme7-08" 1492:. South West Heritage Trust. 744:. South West Heritage Trust. 738:"Sweet Track, Shapwick Heath" 713: 456:Department of the Environment 4184:Ancient trackways in England 3680:Art of the Upper Paleolithic 3220:Nordic megalith architecture 1930:"Post Track, Shapwick Heath" 1588:Scarry, C. Margaret (1993). 541:A replica of the Sweet Track 7: 1992:. 1996–1997. Archived from 509: 275: 10: 4270: 4204:Stone Age sites in England 3828:British Isles and Brittany 3749:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 2232:"The Worlds's Oldest Road" 2040:Purdy, Barbara A. (1990). 1526:. Bournemouth University. 1097:. In Susan Limbrey (ed.). 1061:Brunning, Richard (2000). 917:10.1179/007660904225022816 649:Nature Conservancy Council 513: 423:and a submerged forest at 4030: 3843: 3670: 3517: 3513: 3496: 3382: 3346: 3195: 3152: 3148: 3135: 2942: 2773: 2746: 2671: 2597: 2588: 2493: 2418: 2414: 2406: 2401: 2344: 1299:10.1017/S0003598X00077826 1181:Saul, Nigel, ed. (1994). 826:10.1017/S0003598X00057987 708:Heritage at Risk Register 163: 159: 155: 147: 139: 130: 126: 118: 110: 101: 97: 89: 52: 37: 28: 23: 896:Rippon, Stephen (2004). 840:Cunliffe, Barry (2005). 358:built of clay or stone. 305:Glastonbury Lake Village 151:27979 (was Somerset 400) 122:27978 (was Somerset 399) 4060:Evolutionary musicology 3463:Oldest extant buildings 3390:Archaeological features 2909:Prepared-core technique 1613:Aston, Michael (1997). 1564:The origins of Somerset 1412:Barker, Graeme (1999). 1359:The World of Stonehenge 1068:. In CJ Webster (ed.). 685:Somerset County Council 641:National Nature Reserve 4022:Unchambered long cairn 3870:Mound Builders culture 3203:Neolithic architecture 2338:Prehistoric technology 2115:Coles & Coles 1986 2103:Coles & Coles 1986 2090:10.1006/jasc.2000.0642 1796:Coles & Coles 1980 1784:Coles & Coles 1986 1720:Coles & Coles 1986 1561:Costen, M. D. (1992). 1020:10.1006/jasc.2000.0581 984:10.1098/rstb.1955.0008 605:have also been found. 550: 542: 534: 466: 374: 4194:Footpaths in Somerset 3697:List of Stone Age art 2899:Microblade technology 2847:Langdale axe industry 2445:Ard / plough 1906:The Somerset Wetlands 1810:"World's oldest road" 1732:Otter, R. A. (1994). 548: 540: 532: 464: 369: 4104:Prehistoric medicine 4099:Prehistoric counting 4082:Prehistoric religion 4077:Paleolithic religion 4055:Behavioral modernity 3412:Causewayed enclosure 3304:Abri de la Madeleine 2428:Neolithic Revolution 2295:3D film of the track 2154:"South West England" 2043:Wet site archaeology 1960:"Shapwick Heath NNR" 1441:Smith, I.F. (1978). 1090:Coles, J.M. (1978). 905:Medieval Archaeology 387:Cambridge University 311:, itself built on a 282:fourth millennium BC 74:51.16417°N 2.82639°W 4239:History of Somerset 4234:Causeways in Europe 4143:Prehistoric warfare 2889:Magdalenian culture 2852:Levallois technique 2783:Earliest toolmaking 2248:1989SciAm.261e.100C 2236:Scientific American 2082:2001JArSc..28.1069C 1962:. Natural England. 1826:1989SciAm.261e.100C 1648:Current Archaeology 1393:on 21 February 2009 1208:Current Archaeology 1035:The Somerset Levels 1012:2001JArSc..28..365C 975:1955RSPTB.239..161G 700:archaeological site 661:polyethylene glycol 516:Prehistoric Britain 362:Discovery and study 351:Meare Lake Villages 70: /  4094:Origin of language 4087:Spiritual drug use 3997:Rectangular dolmen 3899:Dartmoor kistvaens 3712:Carved stone balls 3424:Circular enclosure 3383:Other architecture 3326:Alp pile dwellings 2914:Solutrean industry 2825:Gravettian culture 2475:Secondary products 1908:. Somerset Books. 1383:"Jadeite axe-head" 1255:. 12 August 2009. 696:scheduled monument 689:Museum of Somerset 551: 543: 535: 467: 375: 266:Museum of Somerset 148:Reference no. 133:Scheduled monument 119:Reference no. 104:Scheduled monument 79:51.16417; -2.82639 4244:Civil engineering 4171: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4116:Prehistoric music 4065:music archaeology 3722:Cup and ring mark 3547:Clothing/textiles 3492: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3131: 3130: 3127: 3126: 2934:Yubetsu technique 2919:Striking platform 2884:Lithic technology 2769: 2768: 2754:Game drive system 2673:Projectile points 2565:Mortar and pestle 2287:Megalithic Portal 2222:978-0-9507122-0-8 2203:978-0-500-39022-1 2076:(10): 1069–1084. 2053:978-0-936923-08-6 2026:978-1-84217-048-9 1990:Archeology Review 1915:978-0-86183-432-7 1858:978-0-7524-2548-1 1820:(2529): 100–106. 1770:978-0-415-46286-0 1743:978-0-7277-1971-3 1632:978-0-415-15140-5 1599:978-0-8130-1235-3 1574:978-0-7190-3675-0 1459:978-0-900312-63-2 1427:978-0-415-21329-5 1340:978-0-415-13588-7 1234:978-0-8135-2691-1 1108:978-0-900312-60-1 1079:on 24 March 2012. 1044:978-0-948578-38-0 853:978-0-415-34779-2 677:Peat Moors Centre 659:in a solution of 489:chipped flint axe 192: 191: 4261: 4229:Neolithic Europe 4131:Divje Babe flute 4038:Archaeoastronomy 3781:Petrosomatoglyph 3515: 3514: 3498: 3497: 3347:Water management 3150: 3149: 3137: 3136: 3040:Denticulate tool 2862:Lithic reduction 2595: 2594: 2416: 2415: 2403: 2402: 2331: 2324: 2317: 2308: 2307: 2290: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2258:. Archived from 2226: 2207: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2169: 2161:Heritage at Risk 2158: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2012: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1884: 1877: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1698: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1679:on 29 April 2011 1675:. Archived from 1665: 1652: 1651: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1620: 1610: 1604: 1603: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1558: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1532: 1521: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1447: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1419: 1409: 1403: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1389:. Archived from 1379: 1373: 1372: 1368:978-07141-2349-3 1354: 1345: 1344: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1293:(243): 210–220. 1284: 1275: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1253:physorg.com News 1245: 1239: 1238: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1203: 1197: 1196: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1157: 1149: 1143: 1142: 1140: 1138: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1096: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1078: 1067: 1058: 1049: 1048: 1030: 1024: 1023: 995: 989: 988: 986: 969:(662): 161–190. 952: 946: 945: 943: 928: 902: 893: 887: 886: 884: 882: 867: 858: 857: 837: 831: 830: 828: 819:(191): 216–220. 797: 791: 790: 788: 786: 777:. 16 June 1990. 767: 758: 757: 755: 753: 734: 704:Historic England 405:Dendrochronology 391:English Heritage 336:raised peat bogs 212:dendrochronology 200:ancient trackway 179: 178: 172: 85: 84: 82: 81: 80: 75: 71: 68: 67: 66: 63: 33: 21: 20: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4159: 4026: 4012:Stone box grave 3982:Megalithic tomb 3887:Cotswold-Severn 3839: 3744:Guardian stones 3672:Prehistoric art 3666: 3509: 3484: 3473:Timber trackway 3378: 3342: 3338:Wattle and daub 3191: 3170:Standing stones 3144: 3123: 2938: 2765: 2742: 2667: 2584: 2494:Food processing 2489: 2438:New World crops 2410: 2397: 2340: 2335: 2281: 2278: 2265: 2263: 2262:on 8 March 2023 2223: 2204: 2188: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2137: 2135: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2113: 2109: 2101: 2097: 2065: 2061: 2054: 2038: 2034: 2027: 2013: 2009: 1999: 1997: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1969: 1967: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1943: 1941: 1928: 1927: 1923: 1916: 1902: 1898: 1888: 1886: 1885:on 9 April 2011 1882: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1859: 1845: 1841: 1806: 1802: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1778: 1771: 1755: 1751: 1744: 1730: 1726: 1718: 1714: 1699: 1692: 1682: 1680: 1667: 1666: 1655: 1644: 1640: 1633: 1611: 1607: 1600: 1586: 1582: 1575: 1559: 1546: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1519: 1513: 1509: 1499: 1497: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1469: 1467: 1460: 1445: 1439: 1435: 1428: 1410: 1406: 1396: 1394: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1369: 1355: 1348: 1341: 1325: 1321: 1313: 1282: 1276: 1272: 1262: 1260: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1235: 1219: 1215: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1193: 1179: 1175: 1165: 1163: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1146: 1136: 1134: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1109: 1094: 1088: 1084: 1076: 1065: 1059: 1052: 1045: 1031: 1027: 996: 992: 953: 949: 941: 900: 894: 890: 880: 878: 877:on 5 March 2012 869: 868: 861: 854: 838: 834: 798: 794: 784: 782: 769: 768: 761: 751: 749: 736: 735: 720: 716: 630: 527: 518: 512: 413:Belmarsh prison 364: 278: 243:Somerset Levels 216:timber trackway 208:Somerset Levels 188: 187: 186: 185: 182: 181: 180: 135: 106: 93:3807 or 3806 BC 78: 76: 72: 69: 64: 61: 59: 57: 56: 46:Somerset Levels 17: 12: 11: 5: 4267: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4169: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4145: 4140: 4139: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4121:Alligator drum 4113: 4112: 4111: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4057: 4052: 4051: 4050: 4048:lunar calendar 4045: 4034: 4032: 4031:Other cultural 4028: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3972: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3935: 3930: 3929: 3928: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3891: 3890: 3889: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3860: 3849: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3835:Venus figurine 3832: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3766:Megalithic art 3763: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3724: 3719: 3717:Cave paintings 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3682: 3676: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3657: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3600: 3595: 3594: 3593: 3583: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3523: 3521: 3519:Material goods 3511: 3510: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3449: 3448: 3438: 3433: 3432: 3431: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3397: 3392: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3329: 3328: 3318: 3313: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3253: 3252: 3242: 3237: 3235:Cliff dwelling 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3167: 3162: 3156: 3154: 3146: 3145: 3133: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3093: 3092: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3020: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2843: 2842: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2820:Fire hardening 2817: 2812: 2810:Clovis culture 2807: 2802: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2779: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2761: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2733:Manis Mastodon 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2677: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2633: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2612:throwing stick 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2508: 2503: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2424: 2422: 2412: 2411: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2378: 2377: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2334: 2333: 2326: 2319: 2311: 2303: 2302: 2291: 2277: 2276:External links 2274: 2273: 2272: 2242:(5): 100–106. 2227: 2221: 2208: 2202: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2181: 2145: 2119: 2107: 2095: 2059: 2052: 2032: 2025: 2007: 1996:on 29 May 2010 1977: 1951: 1921: 1914: 1896: 1864: 1857: 1839: 1800: 1788: 1776: 1769: 1749: 1742: 1724: 1712: 1690: 1673:British Museum 1653: 1638: 1631: 1605: 1598: 1580: 1573: 1544: 1507: 1477: 1458: 1433: 1426: 1404: 1387:British Museum 1374: 1367: 1346: 1339: 1319: 1270: 1240: 1233: 1213: 1206:"Highlights". 1198: 1192:978-0750916790 1191: 1173: 1144: 1133:on 3 June 2008 1118: 1107: 1082: 1050: 1043: 1025: 1006:(4): 365–375. 990: 947: 888: 859: 852: 832: 792: 759: 717: 715: 712: 673:British Museum 634:Shapwick Heath 629: 626: 526: 523: 511: 508: 372:British Museum 363: 360: 319:, rubble, and 277: 274: 262:British Museum 190: 189: 183: 174: 173: 167: 166: 165: 164: 161: 160: 157: 156: 153: 152: 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 131: 128: 127: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 102: 99: 98: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 54: 50: 49: 42:Shapwick Heath 39: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4266: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4007:Simple dolmen 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3992:Passage grave 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3939: 3938:Gallery grave 3936: 3934: 3931: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3896: 3895: 3892: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3853:Burial mounds 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3813:Statue menhir 3811: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3801:Stone carving 3799: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3640:Sewing needle 3638: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3468:Timber circle 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3425: 3422: 3418: 3417:Tor enclosure 3415: 3414: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3405:fulacht fiadh 3403: 3402: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3118: 3115: 3114: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3008: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2641:spear-thrower 2639: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2619:Bow and arrow 2617: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2528:Grinding slab 2526: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2460:Domestication 2458: 2456: 2455:Digging stick 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2433:Founder crops 2431: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2374:New Stone Age 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2343: 2339: 2332: 2327: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2283:"Sweet Track" 2280: 2279: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2205: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2189: 2166: 2162: 2155: 2149: 2133: 2129: 2123: 2117:, p. 108 2116: 2111: 2105:, p. 107 2104: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2063: 2055: 2049: 2045: 2044: 2036: 2028: 2022: 2018: 2011: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1981: 1965: 1961: 1955: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1925: 1917: 1911: 1907: 1900: 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Index

Vague straight track through boggy brush-covered ground
Shapwick Heath
Somerset Levels
51°09′51″N 2°49′35″W / 51.16417°N 2.82639°W / 51.16417; -2.82639
Scheduled monument
Scheduled monument
Sweet Track is located in Somerset
ancient trackway
causeway
Somerset Levels
dendrochronology
timber trackway
Neolithic
Post Track
marsh
Westhay
Shapwick
Somerset Levels
jadeitite
oak
conservation
British Museum
Museum of Somerset
Shapwick Heath National Nature Reserve
fourth millennium BC
Westhay
Shapwick
River Brue
prehistoric
Iron Age

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