818:
20:
205:
128:
831:
175:
As an SPP propagates along the surface, it loses energy to the metal due to absorption. It can also lose energy due to scattering into free-space or into other directions. The electric field falls off evanescently perpendicular to the metal surface. At low frequencies, the SPP penetration depth into
934:
The ability to dynamically control the plasmonic properties of materials in these nano-devices is key to their development. A new approach that uses plasmon-plasmon interactions has been demonstrated recently. Here the bulk plasmon resonance is induced or suppressed to manipulate the propagation of
1349:
Taverne, S.; Caron, B.; GĂ©tin, S.; Lartigue, O.; Lopez, C.; Meunier-Della-Gatta, S.; Gorge, V.; Reymermier, M.; Racine, B.; Maindron, T.; Quesnel, E. (2018-01-12). "Multispectral surface plasmon resonance approach for ultra-thin silver layer characterization: Application to top-emitting OLED
180:
formula. In the dielectric, the field will fall off far more slowly. SPPs are very sensitive to slight perturbations within the skin depth and because of this, SPPs are often used to probe inhomogeneities of a surface. For more details, see
77:
The existence of surface plasmons was first predicted in 1957 by Rufus
Ritchie. In the following two decades, surface plasmons were extensively studied by many scientists, the foremost of whom were T. Turbadar in the 1950s and 1960s, and
31:
waves. The exponential dependence of the electromagnetic field intensity on the distance away from the interface is shown on the right. These waves can be excited very efficiently with light in the visible range of the electromagnetic
968:
The wavelength and intensity of the plasmon-related absorption and emission peaks are affected by molecular adsorption that can be used in molecular sensors. For example, a fully operational prototype device detecting
119:
Surface plasmon polaritons can be excited by electrons or photons. In the case of photons, it cannot be done directly, but requires a prism, or a grating, or a defect on the metal surface.
924:
changes in thickness, density fluctuations, or molecular absorption. Recent works have also shown that SPR can be used to measure the optical indexes of multi-layered systems, where
149:, where the dispersion relation (relation between frequency and wavevector) is the same as in free space. At a higher frequency, the dispersion relation bends over and reaches an
961:, the second harmonic signal is proportional to the square of the electric field. The electric field is stronger at the interface because of the surface plasmon resulting in a
931:
Surface plasmon-based circuits have been proposed as a means of overcoming the size limitations of photonic circuits for use in high performance data processing nano devices.
881:
Localized surface plasmons arise in small metallic objects, including nanoparticles. Since the translational invariance of the system is lost, a description in terms of
916:(SPR). In SPR, the maximum excitation of surface plasmons are detected by monitoring the reflected power from a prism coupler as a function of incident angle or
1393:
Salvi, JĂ©rĂ´me; Barchiesi, Dominique (2014-04-01). "Measurement of thicknesses and optical properties of thin films from
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)".
900:, with increased local-field enhancements. LSP resonances largely depend on the shape of the particle; spherical particles can be studied analytically by
1570:
Xu, Zhida; Chen, Yi; Gartia, Manas; Jiang, Jing; Liu, Logan (2011). "Surface plasmon enhanced broadband spectrophotometry on black silver substrates".
862:
51:
changes sign across the interface (e.g. a metal-dielectric interface, such as a metal sheet in air). SPs have lower energy than bulk (or volume)
1527:
Wenshan Cai; Justin S. White & Mark L. Brongersma (2009). "Compact, High-Speed and Power-Efficient
Electrooptic Plasmonic Modulators".
892:
LSPs can be excited directly through incident waves; efficient coupling to the LSP modes correspond to resonances and can be attributed to
1012:
170:
1652:
Minh Hiep, Ha; Endo, Tatsuro; Kerman, Kagan; Chikae, Miyuki; Kim, Do-Kyun; Yamamura, Shohei; Takamura, Yuzuru; Tamiya, Eiichi (2007).
140:
1249:
Arakawa, E. T.; Williams, M. W.; Hamm, R. N.; Ritchie, R. H. (29 October 1973). "Effect of
Damping on Surface Plasmon Dispersion".
973:
in milk has been fabricated. The device is based on monitoring changes in plasmon-related absorption of light by a gold layer.
893:
855:
1333:
1291:
935:
light. This approach has been shown to have a high potential for nanoscale light manipulation and the development of a fully
1037:
943:
62:
The charge motion in a surface plasmon always creates electromagnetic fields outside (as well as inside) the metal. The
1069:
in metals. For lossy cases, the dispersion curve backbends after the reaching the surface plasmon frequency instead of
992:
958:
1233:
848:
835:
939:-compatible electro-optical plasmonic modulator, said to be a future key component in chip-scale photonic circuits.
1007:
987:
817:
114:
610:
86:, E. Kretschmann, and A. Otto in the 1960s and 1970s. Information transfer in nanoscale structures, similar to
1617:
V. K. Valev (2012). "Characterization of
Nanostructured Plasmonic Surfaces with Second Harmonic Generation".
947:
897:
785:
265:
790:
415:
66:
excitation, including both the charge motion and associated electromagnetic field, is called either a
913:
876:
680:
355:
182:
158:
103:
71:
67:
55:
which quantise the longitudinal electron oscillations about positive ion cores within the bulk of an
28:
675:
670:
196:
760:
1698:
1572:
1251:
886:
365:
770:
1325:
1130:
755:
695:
665:
615:
335:
225:
1654:"A localized surface plasmon resonance based immunosensor for the detection of casein in milk"
1492:
Akimov, Yu A; Chu, H S (2012). "Plasmon–plasmon interaction: Controlling light at nanoscale".
47:
oscillations that exist at the interface between any two materials where the real part of the
795:
410:
395:
1313:
912:
The excitation of surface plasmons is frequently used in an experimental technique known as
27:
interface. The charge density oscillations and associated electromagnetic fields are called
1665:
1591:
1536:
1448:
1402:
1359:
1103:
1027:
385:
275:
79:
44:
8:
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1505:
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1002:
997:
625:
435:
285:
1669:
1595:
1540:
1452:
1406:
1363:
1107:
1581:
1185:
1017:
885:, as in SPPs, can not be made. Also unlike the continuous dispersion relation in SPPs,
765:
740:
488:
479:
1150:
965:. This larger signal is often exploited to produce a stronger second harmonic signal.
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1552:
1509:
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1111:
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440:
405:
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360:
330:
300:
260:
220:
154:
150:
1439:(2006). "Plasmonics: Merging Photonics and Electronics at Nanoscale Dimensions".
1176:(2006). "Generation of traveling surface plasmon waves by free-electron impact".
1094:
750:
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570:
325:
237:
1264:
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370:
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23:
Schematic representation of an electron density wave propagating along a metal–
1436:
1414:
1692:
1422:
1379:
1173:
1092:
Ritchie, R. H. (June 1957). "Plasma Losses by Fast
Electrons in Thin Films".
1062:
511:
492:
474:
375:
295:
83:
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1115:
705:
19:
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127:
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951:
745:
720:
690:
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562:
204:
24:
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Maradudin, Alexei A.; Sambles, J. Roy; Barnes, William L., eds. (2014).
1190:
1469:
917:
882:
655:
497:
290:
177:
91:
48:
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1603:
1548:
1371:
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Bashevoy, M.V.; Jonsson, F.; Krasavin, A.V.; Zheludev, N.I.; Chen Y.;
1070:
982:
921:
710:
660:
533:
380:
280:
87:
56:
135:, the surface plasmon curve (red) approaches the photon curve (blue)
1321:
1225:
270:
1586:
171:
Surface plasmon polariton § Propagation length and skin depth
590:
575:
538:
529:
524:
52:
970:
543:
519:
250:
141:
Surface plasmon polariton § Fields and dispersion relation
954:, therefore sensors based on surface plasmons were developed.
1651:
548:
245:
936:
1248:
1061:
This lossless dispersion relation neglects the effects of
1563:
1348:
255:
131:
Lossless dispersion curve for surface plasmons. At low
1219:
1128:
1386:
1271:
1085:
164:
1520:
90:, by means of surface plasmons, is referred to as
1569:
1316:Principles of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
1122:
1690:
1645:
1429:
1485:
1392:
1311:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
157:" (see figure at right). For more details see
1342:
856:
188:
176:the metal is commonly approximated using the
97:
1658:Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
1312:Le Ru, Eric C.; Etchegoin, Pablo G. (2009).
907:
74:for the closed surface of a small particle.
1616:
1610:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1206:
115:Surface plasmon polariton § Excitation
1013:Multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance
863:
849:
203:
16:Coherent delocalized electron oscillations
1677:
1585:
1491:
1468:
1280:Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications
1242:
1189:
1149:
1129:Polman, Albert; Harry A. Atwater (2005).
1300:
920:. This technique can be used to observe
126:
18:
1091:
1691:
145:At low frequency, an SPP approaches a
122:
1435:
1277:
1131:"Plasmonics: optics at the nanoscale"
1038:Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
942:Some other surface effects such as
13:
993:Extraordinary optical transmission
959:surface second harmonic generation
950:are induced by surface plasmon of
889:of the particle are discretized.
14:
1715:
165:Propagation length and skin depth
1008:Heat-assisted magnetic recording
988:Dual-polarization interferometry
830:
829:
816:
1506:10.1088/0957-4484/23/44/444004
1165:
1055:
1:
1151:10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00685-6
1079:
948:surface-enhanced fluorescence
108:
70:at a planar interface, or a
7:
1265:10.1103/PhysRevLett.31.1127
976:
10:
1720:
1679:10.1016/j.stam.2006.12.010
1352:Journal of Applied Physics
1071:asymptotically increasing.
874:
416:Spin gapless semiconductor
189:Localized surface plasmons
168:
138:
112:
101:
98:Surface plasmon polaritons
1415:10.1007/s00339-013-8038-z
1278:Maier, Stefan A. (2007).
963:non-linear optical effect
928:failed to give a result.
914:surface plasmon resonance
908:Experimental applications
877:Localized surface plasmon
356:Electronic band structure
183:surface plasmon polariton
159:surface plasmon polariton
104:Surface plasmon polariton
72:localized surface plasmon
68:surface plasmon polariton
29:surface plasmon-polariton
1048:
266:Bose–Einstein condensate
197:Condensed matter physics
1573:Applied Physics Letters
1461:10.1126/science.1114849
1252:Physical Review Letters
1116:10.1103/PhysRev.106.874
147:Sommerfeld-Zenneck wave
944:surface-enhanced Raman
136:
33:
1065:factors, such as the
887:electromagnetic modes
411:Topological insulator
130:
22:
1028:Plasmonics (journal)
429:Electronic phenomena
276:Fermionic condensate
45:delocalized electron
1670:2007STAdM...8..331M
1625:(44): 15454–15471.
1596:2011ApPhL..98x1904X
1541:2009NanoL...9.4403C
1453:2006Sci...311..189O
1407:2014ApPhA.115..245S
1364:2018JAP...123b3108T
1284:Springer Publishing
1108:1957PhRv..106..874R
1003:Gap surface plasmon
998:Free electron model
436:Quantum Hall effect
123:Dispersion relation
49:dielectric function
1018:Plasma oscillation
823:Physics portal
137:
34:
1631:10.1021/la302485c
1604:10.1063/1.3599551
1549:10.1021/nl902701b
1395:Applied Physics A
1372:10.1063/1.5003869
1335:978-0-444-52779-0
1293:978-0-387-33150-8
1259:(18): 1127–1129.
1222:Modern Plasmonics
1200:10.1021/nl060941v
873:
872:
581:Granular material
349:Electronic phases
1711:
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1447:(5758): 189–93.
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1228:. p. 1–23.
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1067:intrinsic losses
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1043:Waves in plasmas
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858:
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838:
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832:
825:
821:
820:
441:Spin Hall effect
331:Phase transition
301:Luttinger liquid
238:States of matter
221:Phase transition
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193:
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155:plasma frequency
151:asymptotic limit
37:Surface plasmons
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1191:physics/0604227
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1138:Materials Today
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1095:Physical Review
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571:Amorphous solid
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489:Antiferromagnet
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480:Superparamagnet
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459:Magnetic phases
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43:) are coherent
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1699:Quasiparticles
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1609:
1580:(24): 241904.
1562:
1519:
1500:(44): 444004.
1494:Nanotechnology
1484:
1428:
1401:(1): 245–255.
1385:
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1234:
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1102:(5): 874–881.
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1050:
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1033:Spinplasmonics
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1023:Plasmonic lens
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80:E. N. Economou
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1358:(2): 023108.
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1320:. Amsterdam:
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59:(or plasma).
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1529:Nano Letters
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1282:. New York:
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1178:Nano Letters
1177:
1167:
1155:. Retrieved
1141:
1137:
1124:
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1093:
1087:
1057:
967:
956:
952:noble metals
941:
933:
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926:ellipsometry
911:
891:
880:
741:von Klitzing
446:Kondo effect
306:Time crystal
286:Fermi liquid
174:
153:called the "
144:
132:
118:
76:
63:
61:
57:electron gas
40:
36:
35:
1470:11693/38263
1157:January 26,
563:Soft matter
484:Ferromagnet
1704:Plasmonics
1693:Categories
1664:(4): 331.
1350:cathode".
1324:. p.
1080:References
918:wavelength
902:Mie theory
898:scattering
894:absorption
883:wavevector
706:Louis NĂ©el
696:Schrieffer
604:Scientists
498:Spin glass
493:Metamagnet
475:Paramagnet
291:Supersolid
178:skin depth
109:Excitation
92:plasmonics
25:dielectric
1587:1402.1730
1437:Ă–zbay, E.
1423:1432-0630
1380:0021-8979
983:Biosensor
922:nanometer
786:Abrikosov
701:Josephson
671:Van Vleck
661:Luttinger
534:Polariton
466:Diamagnet
386:Conductor
381:Semimetal
366:Insulator
281:Fermi gas
88:photonics
32:spectrum.
1639:22889193
1619:Langmuir
1557:19827771
1514:23080049
1479:16410515
1322:Elsevier
1226:Elsevier
1184:: 1113.
977:See also
836:Category
791:Ginzburg
766:Laughlin
726:Kadanoff
681:Shockley
666:Anderson
621:von Laue
271:Bose gas
53:plasmons
1666:Bibcode
1592:Bibcode
1537:Bibcode
1449:Bibcode
1441:Science
1403:Bibcode
1360:Bibcode
1104:Bibcode
1063:damping
796:Leggett
771:Störmer
756:Bednorz
716:Giaever
686:Bardeen
676:Hubbard
651:Peierls
641:Onsager
591:Polymer
576:Colloid
539:Polaron
530:Plasmon
525:Exciton
1637:
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1378:
1332:
1328:–179.
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1144:: 56.
971:casein
834:
801:Parisi
761:MĂĽller
751:Rohrer
746:Binnig
736:Wilson
731:Fisher
691:Cooper
656:Landau
544:Magnon
520:Phonon
361:Plasma
261:Plasma
251:Liquid
216:Phases
1582:arXiv
1186:arXiv
1134:(PDF)
1049:Notes
711:Esaki
636:Bloch
631:Debye
626:Bragg
616:Onnes
549:Roton
246:Solid
64:total
1635:PMID
1553:PMID
1510:PMID
1475:PMID
1419:ISSN
1376:ISSN
1330:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1230:ISBN
1159:2011
937:CMOS
896:and
781:Tsui
776:Yang
721:Kohn
646:Mott
1674:doi
1627:doi
1600:doi
1545:doi
1502:doi
1465:hdl
1457:doi
1445:311
1411:doi
1399:115
1368:doi
1356:123
1326:174
1261:doi
1196:doi
1146:doi
1112:doi
1100:106
957:In
336:QCP
256:Gas
226:QCP
41:SPs
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864:e
857:t
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133:k
39:(
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