415:
447:
384:
1608:
42:
492:
54:
3433:
223:
518:
243:
1568:
some judges are tempted to accept bribes in the course of their duties. The low salaries paid to judges have been a source of much attention in
Indonesia recently with judges urging the government and parliament to tackle the issue, and even threatening to go on strike over the matter. Inevitably, poor performance and difficulties in lower courts leads to problems for the Supreme Court in the efforts by the Court to establish legal standards across the country. These problems receive considerable attention in Indonesia and there is much public discussion about the best ways to promote reform.
322:
1561:
which the court managed to rule on fewer than 14,000. Partly in response to pressures of this kind, proposals for reform of the way that court business is conducted have been under consideration for some time. Current proposals (2011) indicate that a new chamber structure will be introduced to try to improve the operations of the court. The plan is to introduce a system of five chambers which will deal with criminal, civil, religious, administrative, and military affairs. However, the changes are controversial so further reforms may be needed in due course.
1746:
Soeharto on 10 August 1989, where the
Supreme Court Building stands to this day on 9-13 Medan Merdeka Utara street. Between 2003 and 2008 Building F, G, and H were constructed in the style of the original building. In 2013 the largest addition to the complex were constructed, an 86-meter, 17-story office tower built on top of Blok E, again designed by Arkonin and constructed by Waskita Karya. The construction was finished by 31 December 2015, and officially opened on 31 January 2017. The office tower construction cost around 243 billion Rupiah.
1594:, was instructed by the Supreme Court to release certain details of controversial research conducted within the institute relating to the testing of formula milk brands on sale in Indonesia. However following the Supreme Court ruling, the institute failed to comply and even failed to pay a trivial fee (around $ 230) incurred as a result of certain proceedings during the conduct of the case. Numerous other cases of delays are regularly reported in the Indonesian media and are commented on by lawyers who have won cases in the Supreme Court.
295:
868:). There are about 68 high courts: 31 General Courts, 29 Religious Courts, 4 Administrative Courts and 4 Military Courts. There are around 250 district courts with additional district courts being created from time to time. The Supreme Court is the final court of appeal (kasasi) following appeals from the district courts to the high courts. The Supreme Court can also re-examine cases if sufficient new evidence is found. Constitutional matters, however, fall within the jurisdiction of the
1717:
792:
4024:
3668:
2515:
3632:
780:
4034:
3644:
3656:
566:
1464:. If the House of Representatives approves them, their appointment is then confirmed by the president. As of mid 2011, there was a total of 804 courts of various kinds in Indonesia. About 50 justices sat in the Supreme Court while other high and lower courts across Indonesia employed around 7,000 judges. Officially, the Supreme Court consists of 51 justices divided into 8 chambers.
1013:) and has since amended twice in 2004 and 2009, the Supreme Court's leadership consists of a Chief Justice, two Deputy Chief Justices, and several (currently seven) Chamber Presidents. The leadership term is five years, and the holders are elected among the sitting justices. The justices served as presidents and sitting judges in the chambers of the Supreme Court.
1072:). Presidents for five judicial chambers (civil, criminal, religious, military, and state administration chambers) are subordinated under the Deputy Chief Justice on Judicial Affairs, while the remaining two non-judicial chambers (fostering and monitoring chambers) are subordinated under the Deputy Chief Justice on Non-judicial Affairs.
1471:: one for Judicial Affairs, which oversees the Civil Chamber, Criminal Chamber, Religious Chamber, Military Chamber, and State Administrative Chamber; the other one is for Non-Judicial Affairs, which oversees the Legal Development Chamber and Supervision Chamber. The current Deputy Chief Justice for Judicial Affairs is
1904:
In practice, other qualifications are required as well. In 2011 the chief justice of the
Supreme Court, Judge Harifin Tumpa, issued a circular stating that any judges who intended to apply for the position of Supreme Court judge needed to have 20 years experience at the district court level and three
1560:
Like most of the
Indonesian legal system, the Supreme Court is badly overloaded with demands on resources. One observer has noted that "the Supreme Court is drowning in an increasing flood of new cases each year". In 2010, for example, there were reportedly more than 22,000 cases before the court of
1585:
One common criticism of the legal system in
Indonesia is that law enforcement is weak. Even when the law is clear, and even when courts issue clear rulings, enforcement is often weak. In recent years, this criticism has often been made of the operations of the Supreme Court in Indonesia as well of
1589:
The central problem appears to be that the institutions and mechanisms for enforcement of the legal system, including the decisions of the
Supreme Court, are underfunded and are operationally weak. There are thus numerous instances of long delays in the enforcement of the decisions of the Supreme
1567:
One significant problem for the
Indonesian legal system overall (although less so for the Supreme Court itself) is that most Indonesian judges in lower courts are not well paid. The official base salary of a judge, before some additional allowances, is often below $ US 300 per month. As a result,
1745:
On 17 February 1986 the construction formally began with PT. Nindya Karya as the project contractor, using the design provided by
Arkonin, an architecture company. By the completion of Blok A to E in 1989 the project cost between 14 and 17 billion Rupiah, and was officially opened by president
1586:
the operations of other parts of the
Indonesian legal system. The issue is, in principle, a serious matter for the Supreme Court because enforcement of the rulings of the Supreme Court sets standards for the enforcement of rulings across much of the rest of the Indonesian legal system.
1238:) are professional judges with at least ten years of experiences serving in the first-level courts. Meanwhile, the deputy clerks must have experiences heading a second-level courts. The junior and deputy clerks are nominated by the chief clerk and appointed by the chief justice.
1705:
Indonesian supreme court and its administration then temporarily moved with the republican government to
Yogyakarta until 1950, when following the conclusion of conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands, and the formation of the United States of Indonesia, they returned to
1547:
The leadership election is often controversial and attracts public criticism. For example, in early 2012 rumours about vote buying were reported in the Jakarta press as speculation mounted about the arrangements underway for the selection of new chief justice to replace
946:
As the Supreme Court serves as the highest court, it works to ensure the professionalism and efficiency of all other courts below the Supreme Court, with respect to each individual judges' independence. The Court also supervises the administration of justice as well as
1741:
confectionary site. The plot alongside the Pertamina building were sold to the government following Pertamina's financial crisis and restructurization in the 1970s. The reason for the move being that the old building can no longer accommodate the ever expanding court.
2633:
3467:
3066:
3006:
2044:
3346:
3001:
1571:
There are, at times, criticisms of the way that the court administers itself. In May 2014, for example, the Supreme Court justices collectively agreed to the use of the court budget to hire a special jet to take more than 180 justices to the
3121:
2688:
2853:
1552:, who retired as Chief Justice in March 2012. There was said to be "all-out competition" for the post of Chief Justice because of the influence that the position holds and it was rumoured that the competition might include payments.
3216:
2961:
3246:
3036:
1971:, 16 July 2011. According to a recent Supreme Court annual report, in 2011 there were 3,927 general court judges, 3,619 religious court judges, 320 state administrative court judges, and 95 military judges in Indonesia. '
1724:
During the tenure of chief justice Ali Said dan later chief justice Purwoto Suhadi Gandasubrata in the 1980s, it was decided to move the court from the old building to a plot located on Medan Merdeka Utara street, across
3171:
2763:
1576:
in Southeast Sulawesi. Participants on the tour were housed in various hotels as the expense of the court. Judicial watchdog groups and others criticised the court although court officials defended the arrangement.
2868:
2758:
1856:
In late 2011, the former chief justice of the Supreme Court, Harifin A. Tumpa, said that the Indonesian government could only aim to establish district courts in 400 of the nation's 530 provinces, regencies
3296:
3181:
2981:
3126:
3086:
2986:
2858:
2613:
3316:
3231:
3096:
971:
The Supreme Court may provide legal advice to other high state institutions. It is best known for providing advice to the president as a constitutional requirement for enacting presidential clemency (
848:) is the independent judicial arm of the state. It maintains a system of courts and sits above the other courts and is the final court of appeal. It can also re-examine cases if new evidence emerges.
3326:
3276:
3999:
3361:
1926:
3281:
3221:
3391:
3301:
3186:
3151:
3046:
1456:
According to the Constitution, candidates for Supreme Court Justices are required to have integrity and be of good character as well as be experienced in law. Candidates are proposed to the
963:
The Supreme Court is empowered to regulate aspects of the administration of justice to fill any gaps yet to be covered by existing law, or to improve upon existing procedural law, if needed.
3176:
2956:
1564:
The funding for the Supreme Court allocated from the national government budget in 2010 was slightly over Rp 6.0 trillion (around $ US 700 million at the prevailing foreign exchange rate).
3356:
3331:
462:
3336:
3156:
3106:
3041:
2923:
2723:
3381:
3321:
3261:
3141:
3101:
2259:
1686:
was selected as the seat of the independent Indonesia's supreme court. Through the 1947 Act on the Organization and Authority of the Supreme Court and the Attorney General's Office (
3266:
3226:
3206:
3011:
4004:
3351:
3236:
3191:
2628:
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3914:
3341:
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3481:
3051:
3376:
3211:
3061:
2991:
3146:
3131:
3076:
2713:
1064:
After a series of organizational reform within the Court, all Supreme Court justices - except the Chief Justice and the two Deputy Chief Justices - are assigned to seven
3989:
3111:
3031:
1269:) and subordinated under the leadership elements. According to its last regulation, Presidential Decree No. 21/2024, the Secretariat oversees several units, as follow.
3859:
3744:
3371:
3291:
1522:
3844:
3824:
3366:
3196:
3161:
2873:
398:
2079:
3904:
3256:
2966:
1529:
3889:
1697:
During the re-occupation of Jakarta in 1947 by Dutch forces in the attempt to recover the East Indies, they also re-established its own court system and its own
3026:
2708:
2703:
2608:
2598:
1770:
1468:
533:
3016:
2971:
2067:"KEPUTUSAN KETUA MAHKAMAH AGUNG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR: 050A/KMA/SK/IV/2013 TENTANG PERUBAHAN NOMENKLATUR UNSUR PIMPINAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG REPUBLIK INDONESIA"
2643:
2903:
1923:
430:
2653:
2623:
4088:
2808:
2503:
1476:
1472:
1694:), it reaffirmed the relation between the supreme court and the attorney general's office, which by this point were still part of the court system.
3545:
3136:
2883:
2648:
1494:
1487:
591:
2481:
3166:
2733:
1765:
1508:
823:
710:
506:
163:
2018:
2205:
2116:
3056:
2276:
1501:
2693:
2256:
1678:
Throughout the early Indonesian independence period and with the enactment of Government Edict No. 9/1946, Jakarta — and by extension the
2590:
2188:
1972:
4083:
3954:
3418:
2928:
2738:
2718:
1657:
1964:
1947:
3660:
3251:
3071:
2888:
2239:
2133:
758:
754:
2176:
1245:, after serving at least two years as Supreme Court deputy clerk and at least three years as head clerk in a second-level courts.
3979:
2663:
437:
313:
2096:
1482:
The specialized Chambers are currently presided by the following justices, based on the date of their election to the position:
3560:
3241:
2833:
2753:
2728:
763:
732:
723:
1664:(Department of Justice), which oversaw the court system and the administration of justice in the colony. Sometimes later, the
3286:
2496:
2437:
2415:
2320:
2184:
1720:
The current Supreme Court Building on Medan Merdeka Utara street, prior to the construction of the Main Office Tower in 2015.
905:
695:
685:
680:
675:
670:
3706:
3461:
2838:
2813:
2673:
2569:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
422:
362:
123:
4058:
3091:
2783:
2618:
2222:
816:
3789:
2976:
2683:
2585:
2293:
2159:
1457:
931:
3529:
3502:
3456:
3021:
2828:
2793:
1760:
869:
525:
414:
390:
375:
1906:
1263:) handles the non-judicial aspects of the administration of the Court. It is headed by the Supreme Court Secretary (
4073:
4068:
3994:
3899:
3672:
3581:
3534:
3271:
2798:
2788:
2698:
2678:
2511:
2489:
1461:
705:
690:
656:
651:
544:
446:
119:
1155:) handles the judicial aspects of the administration of the Court. It is headed by the Supreme Court Chief Clerk (
4078:
3648:
3475:
2918:
2743:
2658:
2638:
2555:
1632:
454:
383:
1475:, who was elected to the position on 3 April 2023. The current Deputy Chief Justice for Non-Judicial Affairs is
3570:
3116:
2893:
2668:
809:
745:
1922:
For a report on the process of the selection of six new judges to the Supreme Court in 2011, see Ina Parlina,
286:
3949:
3869:
3306:
2898:
2878:
2823:
2748:
491:
41:
2424:
Jimly Asshiddiqie, Constitutional Law of Indonesia: A Comprehensive Overview, Maxwell Asia, Singapore, 2010.
2347:"UU No. 7 Tahun 1947 tentang Susunan dan Kekuasaan Mahkamah Agung dan Kejaksaan Agung [JDIH BPK RI]"
1692:
Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1947 tentang Susunan Organisasi dan Kekuasaan Mahkamah Agung dan Kejaksaan Agung
3839:
3834:
3729:
3615:
3081:
2913:
2908:
2843:
1591:
572:
1631:
named the High Court of Batavia, now High Court of Jakarta). Currently, it is occupied and managed by the
3959:
3934:
3849:
3829:
3779:
3749:
3739:
2563:
2066:
1989:
1653:
329:
3924:
3919:
3603:
2818:
1607:
1161:) and subordinated under the leadership elements. The Clerk Office oversees several units, as follow.
4063:
3939:
3894:
3874:
3864:
3764:
3311:
857:
357:
249:
138:
2377:
2346:
1590:
Court. As just one example, in a well publicised case, one of Indonesia's leading universities, the
3964:
3879:
3734:
3721:
3699:
2933:
4009:
3944:
3909:
3814:
3774:
3759:
3754:
2519:
1730:
997:) provide administrative support and organizational regulation for other lesser courts to abide.
234:
3432:
1611:
The Old Supreme Court Building on Lapangan Banteng Timur street, occupied between 1946 and 1989.
1448:
The Supreme Court Secretary is nominated by the chief clerk and appointed by the chief justice.
517:
242:
222:
3969:
3929:
3884:
3819:
3794:
3784:
3769:
3516:
3413:
2549:
1665:
1615:
The supreme court was first housed in 1 Lapangan Banteng Timur street in Jakarta, close to the
1573:
1242:
935:
557:
483:
341:
301:
127:
2408:
Indonesian Constitutional Reform 1999–2002: An Evaluation of Constitution-Making in Transition
1993:
3854:
3809:
3804:
1636:
1055:), who assists the Chief Justice on non-judicial matters, i.e. administrative and monitoring.
912:
all disputes which have arisen from the act of seizing foreign ships and their cargos by the
893:
262:
208:
1840:
53:
3608:
3596:
2863:
2803:
2582:
509:
465:
350:
268:
173:
1809:
8:
3692:
1792:
1687:
1006:
841:
321:
1823:
1997:
4033:
2433:
2411:
1378:
Regional Inspectorate IV, overseeing courts in Nusa Tenggara, the Moluccas, and Papua
294:
3636:
2149:
Data are from official budget figures issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Finance.
1620:
1549:
952:
784:
401:
257:
3591:
3586:
2263:
1930:
1628:
921:
913:
889:
796:
1536:
Before April 2013, Chamber Presidents are referred as Associates Chief Justice (
3555:
2848:
1726:
337:
4052:
4027:
2448:
1755:
433:
1716:
1334:
Direktorat Jenderal Badan Peradilan Militer dan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara
1011:
Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1985 tentang Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia
1349:
Directorate of Administration and Management of State Administrative Cases
4037:
3684:
3386:
1660:. Then on 1 May 1848, the building were used by the recently established
309:
1387:
Agency on Strategic Policies, Education, and Training of Law and Justice
791:
1392:
Badan Strategi Kebijakan, Pendidikan, dan Pelatihan Hukum dan Peradilan
1375:
Regional Inspectorate III, overseeing courts in Kalimantan and Sulawesi
1346:
Directorate of Administration and Management of Military Criminal Cases
1241:
The chief clerk is nominated by the chief justice and appointed by the
2514:
1734:
1649:
1623:, Jakarta). The classical style building were previously used as the
1343:
Directorate of State Administrative Court Technical Support Fostering
1329:
Directorate General on Military and State Administrative Court System
1320:
Directorate of Administration and Management of Religious Civil Cases
536:
469:
156:
1738:
1337:), headed by a director general, and oversees several subdivisions:
1311:), headed by a director general, and oversees several subdivisions:
1282:), headed by a director general, and oversees several subdivisions:
2045:"Hakim Agung Suharto Resmi Jadi Wakil Ketua MA Bidang Non-Yudisial"
1366:), headed by a chief inspector, and oversees several subdivisions:
3067:
Financing Policy Committee for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
3007:
Commission on Biological Safety of Genetically Engineered Products
2759:
Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration
2473:
2206:
Indonesia's Chief Justice Threatens Sanctions for Striking Judges'
903:
reviewing previous court decisions which have entered into force (
880:
The Supreme Court is empowered with several functions, as follow:
856:
The Supreme Court is independent as of the third amendment to the
1047:
Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court on Non-judicial Affairs
95:
2614:
Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs
2604:
Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs
1421:), headed by an office head, and oversees several subdivisions:
1404:
Education and Training Center for Management and Leadership; and
1395:), headed by an agency head, and oversees several subdivisions:
3347:
Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities
2430:
The Indonesian Supreme Court: A Study of Institutional Collapse
2277:
When Supreme Court is ignored, citizens lose access to justice'
1515:
948:
405:
3002:
Commission for Assessment of Analysis of Environmental Impacts
1668:
building with six pillars on the front were fully used as the
1294:
Directorate of Administration and Management of Criminal Cases
3122:
Institute for the Prevention and Eradication of Forest Damage
1035:
Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court on Judicial Affairs
1372:
Regional Inspectorate II, overseeing courts in Java and Bali
2938:
2452:
1988:
1291:
Directorate of Administration and Management of Civil Cases
565:
2854:
Government Goods and Services Procurement Policy Institute
1656:' tenure, were initially used as the headquarters for the
1314:
Directorate of Religious Court Technical Support Fostering
888:
The Court serves as the highest court of the land and the
3217:
National Information and Communication Technology Council
2962:
Acceleration of Infrastructure Provision Policy Committee
1401:
Education and Training Center for Judicial Technicalities
1340:
Directorate of Military Court Technical Support Fostering
1043:), who assists the Chief Justice on judicial matters; and
2266:, Update Briefing, Asia Briefing No 138, 30 August 2012.
860:. The Supreme Court has oversight over the high courts (
3247:
National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction
2078:
Markus Junianto Sihaloho and Muninggar Sri Saraswati, '
1924:
KY recommends 18 'quality' justice candidates to House'
1317:
Directorate of Religious Court Administration Fostering
1285:
Directorate of Public Court Technical Support Fostering
1771:
Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia
1652:. Tramp and completed in 1825 during governor general
2240:
Supreme Court under fire for lavish trip to Wakatobi'
2117:'Setengah matang': The new face of the Supreme Court'
2111:
2109:
1711:
1369:
Regional Inspectorate I, overseeing courts in Sumatra
2189:
Better standard needed to perform high profile duty'
2019:"Jokowi Resmi Lantik Sunarto Sebagai Wakil Ketua MA"
1973:
Better standard needed to perform high profile duty'
3037:
Counterfeited Rupiah Eradication Coordinating Board
2624:
State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform
1398:
Research and Development Center for Law and Justice
892:in Indonesia. Along with them, the Court also have
3172:National Committee on Sharia Economics and Finance
2106:
2069:, bawas.mahkamahagung.go.id, accessed 20 May 2021.
1965:Judicial Commission finds justices an elusive lot'
1479:, who was elected to the position on 15 May 2024.
1112:Chamber President for State Administrative Cases (
16:Independent judicial arm of the state of Indonesia
3077:Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre
1597:
4050:
2884:Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency
2177:Judges strive to uphold dignity despite low pay'
1416:
1390:
1361:
1332:
1306:
1277:
1264:
1258:
1233:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1156:
1150:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1050:
1038:
1026:
992:
986:
972:
925:
31:
2634:Cooperatives and Small & Medium Enterprises
1766:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia
1602:
1493:President of the State Administrative Chamber:
920:In addition, the Court is empowered to conduct
164:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia
2432:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program.
2183:, 26 April 2012. See also Hasyim Widhiarto, '
2134:Supreme Court plans a new five-chamber system'
1052:Wakil Ketua Mahkamah Agung Bidang Non-yudisial
924:of all rules and regulations beneath the Act (
3700:
3162:National Commission on Violence against Women
2874:National Population and Family Planning Board
2497:
2080:Critics Slam Harifin's Rise to Chief Justice'
1701:in occupied Jakarta, with 5 justices and one
1303:Directorate General on Religious Court System
817:
2869:Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency
2724:Education, Culture, Research, and Technology
1948:'The Judge S case why court oversight fails'
1555:
1486:President of the Legal Development Chamber:
1219:Deputy Clerk of State Administrative Cases (
1005:As regulated by the 1985 Supreme Court Act (
985:The Supreme Court through its Clerk Office (
3297:Peace Maintenance Mission Coordination Team
3182:National Council for Special Economic Zones
2982:Business Competition Supervisory Commission
2097:Court election plagued with money politics'
2065:Supreme Court of Indonesia (1 April 2013),
1905:years experience at the high court level. '
1540:), but was changed into Chamber President (
3714:
3707:
3693:
3127:Istiqlal Mosque Management Executive Board
3087:General Elections Organiser Ethics Council
2859:Finance and Development Supervisory Agency
2609:Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs
2599:Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs
2504:
2490:
2449:"The Indonesian Legal System: An Overview"
2160:KPK Probe Widens in Judicial Bribery Case'
1886:
1274:Directorate General on Public Court System
1040:Wakil Ketua Mahkamah Agung Bidang Yudisial
900:all disputes regarding court jurisdiction;
838:Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia
824:
810:
3317:Public Accountants Professional Committee
3232:National Professional Certification Board
3097:Government Accounting Standards Committee
2446:
2405:
2037:
1658:Governor General of the Dutch East Indies
1648:building that were designed by architect
1580:
1308:Direktorat Jenderal Badan Peradilan Agama
1210:Deputy Clerk of Military Criminal Cases (
955:as far as the court system is concerned.
4089:Courts and tribunals established in 1945
3327:Public Housing Savings Management Agency
3277:Oil and Gas Downstream Regulatory Agency
3252:National Transportation Safety Committee
2889:National Agency of Drug and Food Control
2629:Communication and Information Technology
1877:
1715:
1606:
1279:Direktorat Jenderal Badan Peradilan Umum
1232:The junior clerks of the Supreme Court (
1192:Deputy Clerk of Special Criminal Cases (
3362:Titles, Decorations and Honours Council
2939:Television of the Republic of Indonesia
2904:National Research and Innovation Agency
2447:Tabalujan, Benny S. (2 December 2002).
2294:Sour Taste of Tainted Milk Controversy'
1868:
1201:Deputy Clerk of Religious Civil Cases (
1094:Chamber President for Religious Cases (
201:This article is part of a series on the
4051:
3282:Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia
3242:National Sports Committee of Indonesia
2809:National Disaster Management Authority
2654:Women Empowerment and Child Protection
2321:"Dari Warisan Kolonial ke Tanah Bekas"
2300:, 1 July 2011, See also Ina Parlina,
1672:which included the prosecutor's office
1528:President of the Supervisory Chamber:
1103:Chamber President for Military Cases (
1085:Chamber President for Criminal Cases (
3688:
3287:Pancasila Ideology Development Agency
2689:Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning
2485:
2427:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2223:Let's save Indonesian judges, courts'
1288:Directorate of Public Court Fostering
1174:Deputy Clerk of Special Civil Cases (
58:The Supreme Court building in Jakarta
3655:
3392:Witness and Victim Protection Agency
3302:Peat and Mangrove Restoration Agency
3152:National Aviation Security Committee
3092:General Elections Supervisory Agency
2185:Training judges to avoid corruption'
1900:
1898:
1852:
1850:
1835:
1833:
1804:
1802:
1787:
1785:
1635:, who also occupied and managed the
1500:President of the Religious Chamber:
3643:
3177:National Consumer Protection Agency
3167:National Commission on Human Rights
2957:Acceleration of Housing Enforcement
2410:. Jakarta: Kompas Book Publishing.
2375:
1907:111 judges apply for Supreme Court'
1841:"Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia"
1824:"Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia"
1810:"Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia"
1793:"Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia"
1514:President of the Criminal Chamber:
1507:President of the Military Chamber:
1424:Bureau of Planning and Organization
1076:Chamber President for Civil Cases (
13:
3357:State Civil Service Advisory Board
3332:Regional Autonomy Advisory Council
2934:Radio of the Republic of Indonesia
2364:
2307:
1712:Medan Merdeka Utara (1989-present)
1439:Bureau of Law and Public Relations
1130:Chamber President for Monitoring (
1023:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
221:
14:
4100:
3503:Regional House of Representatives
3337:Regional Border Management Agency
3157:National Border Management Agency
3107:Health Workers Disciplinary Board
3052:Executive Office of the President
3042:Defense Industry Policy Committee
3022:Corruption Eradication Commission
2924:National Administration Institute
2829:National Search and Rescue Agency
2794:National Counter Terrorism Agency
2714:Public Works and People's Housing
2467:
1895:
1847:
1830:
1799:
1782:
1761:Constitutional Court of Indonesia
1147:Clerk Office of the Supreme Court
1121:Chamber President for Fostering (
980:
870:Constitutional Court of Indonesia
846:Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia
33:Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia
4084:1945 establishments in Indonesia
4032:
4023:
4022:
3667:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3630:
3582:Indonesian National Armed Forces
3431:
3382:Tripartite Cooperation Institute
3322:Public Housing Savings Committee
3272:Nusantara Capital City Authority
3262:National Water Resources Council
3142:National Accreditation Committee
3102:Hajj Financial Management Agency
2914:Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency
2799:National Cyber and Crypto Agency
2513:
2255:See International Crisis Group,
1521:President of the Civil Chamber:
1352:Directorate General Secretariat.
1323:Directorate General Secretariat.
1255:Secretariat of the Supreme Court
1183:Deputy Clerk of Criminal Cases (
790:
778:
564:
516:
490:
445:
413:
382:
320:
293:
241:
52:
40:
3476:Regional Representative Council
3267:Nuclear Energy Advisory Council
3227:National Productivity Institute
3207:National Health Advisory Agency
3012:Company Privatization Committee
2909:National Standardization Agency
2339:
2318:
2286:
2269:
2249:
2232:
2215:
2198:
2169:
2152:
2143:
2126:
2089:
2072:
2059:
2011:
1982:
1957:
1940:
1916:
1436:Bureau of Executive Secretariat
1297:Directorate General Secretariat
1222:Panitera Muda Tata Usaha Negara
1140:
932:People's Representative Council
883:
851:
455:Regional Representative Council
94:Jl Medan Merdeka Utara # 9-13,
3457:People's Consultative Assembly
3352:State Civil Service Commission
3237:National Social Security Board
3192:National Disability Commission
3117:Indonesian Academy of Sciences
2987:Central Information Commission
2894:National Archives of Indonesia
2704:Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
1816:
1737:, which in the past used as a
1598:Buildings of the Supreme Court
1544:) by Chief Justice Hatta Ali.
1260:Kesekretariatan Mahkamah Agung
1248:
764:Diplomatic missions in Jakarta
391:People's Consultative Assembly
1:
3342:Social Security Administrator
3307:Presidential Advisory Council
3202:National Film Advisory Agency
2997:Civil Service Advisory Agency
2929:National Civil Service Agency
2899:National Library of Indonesia
2879:Geospatial Information Agency
2824:National Resilience Institute
2739:Ministry of State Secretariat
2709:National Development Planning
2399:
2025:(in Indonesian). 3 April 2023
1892:Indrayana (2008), pp. 450–451
1490:(elected on 23 December 2014)
1413:General Administration Office
1381:Monitoring Office Secretariat
1165:Deputy Clerk of Civil Cases (
1115:Ketua Kamar Tata Usaha Negara
1016:
958:
941:
3082:General Elections Commission
3072:Financial Services Authority
2864:Central Agency on Statistics
2744:Tourism and Creative Economy
2644:Energy and Mineral Resources
2257:Indonesia: Defying the State
1603:Lapangan Banteng (1946-1989)
1592:Bogor Agricultural Institute
1213:Panitera Muda Pidana Militer
1177:Panitera Muda Khusus Perdata
1000:
977:) and legal rehabilitation.
573:General Elections Commission
7:
3377:Trademark Appeal Commission
3212:National Industry Committee
3062:Film Censorship Institution
2992:Child Protection Commission
2564:Vice President of Indonesia
1990:Central Intelligence Agency
1749:
1451:
1204:Panitera Muda Perdata Agama
1195:Panitera Muda Pidana Khusus
1152:Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Agung
1059:
966:
330:Vice President of Indonesia
10:
4105:
4059:Supreme Court of Indonesia
3604:Indonesian National Police
3561:Public Prosecution Service
3222:National Police Commission
3147:National Amil Zakat Agency
3132:Lake Toba Authority Agency
2834:Public Prosecution Service
2428:Pompe, Sebastiaan (2005).
2382:Setiap Gedung Punya Cerita
2378:"Gedung Mahkamah Agung RI"
1442:Bureau of General Affairs.
499:Supreme Court of Indonesia
4018:
3978:
3720:
3624:
3569:
3543:
3515:
3493:
3447:
3440:
3429:
3404:
3112:Hospital Oversight Agency
3032:Council of Health Workers
2947:
2839:State Intelligence Agency
2772:
2581:
2542:
2533:
2526:
2406:Indrayana, Denny (2008).
1625:Hoggerechtshof te Batavia
1556:Conduct of court business
1427:Bureau of Human Resources
1418:Badan Urusan Administrasi
1266:Sekretaris Mahkamah Agung
1228:Clerk Office Secretariat.
875:
858:Constitution of Indonesia
733:List of political parties
250:Constitution of Indonesia
179:
169:
162:
152:
144:
139:Constitution of Indonesia
134:
114:
102:
90:
82:
67:
63:
51:
46:Seal of the Supreme Court
39:
30:
23:
3780:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3462:House of Representatives
3372:Trade Security Committee
3292:Patent Appeal Commission
3187:National Defense Council
3047:Deposit Insurance Agency
2814:National Narcotics Board
2784:Maritime Security Agency
2764:Youth and Sports Affairs
2649:Environment and Forestry
2262:2 September 2012 at the
1874:Indrayana (2008), p. 450
1776:
1662:Departement van Justitie
1523:I Gusti Agung Sumanantha
1458:House of Representatives
423:House of Representatives
124:House of Representatives
110:("For the truest truth")
71:18 August 1945
4074:National supreme courts
4069:Government of Indonesia
3367:Tourism Promotion Board
3197:National Energy Council
2977:Broadcasting Commission
2734:State Owned Enterprises
2520:Government of Indonesia
1929:12 October 2012 at the
1158:Panitera Mahkamah Agung
872:, established in 2003.
864:) and district courts (
580:Chairman Hasyim Asy'ari
183:30 April 2020
4079:Judiciary of Indonesia
3715:Supreme Courts of Asia
3257:National Wages Council
2967:Anti Dumping Committee
2550:President of Indonesia
2376:DBG (10 August 2020).
1861:) and municipalities (
1721:
1612:
1581:Enforcement of rulings
1574:Wakatobi diving resort
1530:Dwiarso Budi Santiarto
1469:Deputies Chief Justice
1417:
1391:
1362:
1333:
1307:
1278:
1265:
1259:
1234:
1221:
1212:
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1185:
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1151:
1133:Ketua Kamar Pengawasan
1132:
1123:
1114:
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1096:
1087:
1078:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1010:
993:
987:
973:
936:President of Indonesia
926:
845:
755:Diplomatic missions of
666:Presidential elections
302:President of Indonesia
226:
32:
2789:National Armed Forces
2474:Supreme Court Website
1733:, previously used by
1729:on the north side of
1719:
1610:
1168:Panitera Muda Perdata
1124:Ketua Kamar Pembinaan
894:original jurisdiction
890:final court of appeal
587:Legislative elections
274:(national philosophy)
225:
26:Republic of Indonesia
3955:United Arab Emirates
3637:Indonesia portal
3609:Mobile Brigade Corps
3530:Constitutional Court
3027:Council of Engineers
2804:National Food Agency
2694:Law and Human Rights
2123:, 19 September 2011.
1641:building next door.
1186:Panitera Muda Pidana
1028:Ketua Mahkamah Agung
785:Indonesia portal
526:Constitutional court
510:Muhammad Syarifuddin
466:La Nyalla Mattalitti
174:Muhammad Syarifuddin
24:Supreme Court of the
3982:limited recognition
3535:Judicial Commission
3017:Cooperative Council
2972:Attorney Commission
2919:Cabinet Secretariat
2351:peraturan.bpk.go.id
2283:, 8 September 2011.
2229:, 29 November 2012.
2175:Hasyim Widhiarto, '
2115:Sebastiaan Pompe, '
1638:Paleis van Daendels
1633:Ministry of Finance
1462:Judicial Commission
1433:Bureau of Equipment
1407:Agency Secretariat.
1106:Ketua Kamar Militer
1079:Ketua Kamar Perdata
991:) and Secretariat (
797:Politics portal
711:Electoral Districts
545:Judicial commission
358:Regional government
236:National government
145:Number of positions
120:Judicial Commission
3441:Legislative Branch
2103:, 7 February 2012.
2086:, 16 January 2009.
1998:The World Factbook
1946:Sebastiaan Pompe,
1722:
1703:procureur-general.
1613:
1525:(21 February 2020)
1235:Panitera Pengganti
1088:Ketua Kamar Pidana
906:Peninjauan Kembali
227:
115:Composition method
4046:
4045:
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3681:
3511:
3510:
3427:
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3399:
2844:Quarantine Agency
2719:Religious Affairs
2543:Elected officials
2439:978-0-87727-739-2
2417:978-979-709-394-5
2298:The Jakarta Globe
2210:The Jakarta Globe
2166:, 24 August 2012.
2164:The Jakarta Globe
2084:The Jakarta Globe
1913:, 5 January 2012.
1497:(9 November 2022)
1430:Bureau of Finance
1358:Monitoring Office
1097:Ketua Kamar Agama
930:) enacted by the
866:Pengadilan Negeri
862:Pengadilan Tinggi
834:
833:
747:Foreign relations
725:Political parties
212:
194:
193:
126:confirmation and
118:Nominated by the
4096:
4064:Law of Indonesia
4036:
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3722:Sovereign states
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3616:Municipal Police
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2527:Executive Branch
2518:
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2284:
2281:The Jakarta Post
2273:
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2247:
2244:The Jakarta Post
2236:
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2227:The Jakarta Post
2221:Achmad Cholil, '
2219:
2213:
2212:, 26 April 2012.
2202:
2196:
2195:, 26 April 2012.
2193:The Jakarta Post
2181:The Jakarta Post
2173:
2167:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2140:, 2 August 2011.
2138:The Jakarta Post
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2121:The Jakarta Post
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2101:The Jakarta Post
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2015:
2009:
2008:
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1986:
1980:
1979:, 26 April 2012.
1977:The Jakarta Post
1969:The Jakarta Post
1961:
1955:
1952:The Jakarta Post
1944:
1938:
1937:, 2 August 2011.
1935:The Jakarta Post
1920:
1914:
1911:The Jakarta Post
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1883:Tabalujan (2002)
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1550:Harifin A. Tumpa
1511:(9 October 2018)
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157:Official website
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3507:
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3419:Regent or Mayor
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2819:National Police
2776:
2774:
2773:Non-Ministerial
2768:
2664:Foreign Affairs
2588:
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2477:(in Indonesian)
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2327:(in Indonesian)
2325:hukumonline.com
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2264:Wayback Machine
2254:
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2204:Agus Triyono, '
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1983:
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1954:, 13 June 2011.
1945:
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1931:Wayback Machine
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1504:(12 April 2017)
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2275:Ina Parlina, '
2268:
2248:
2246:, 23 May 2014.
2238:Ina Parlina, '
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2132:Ina Parlina, '
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1963:Ina Parlina, '
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1731:Merdeka Square
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1680:Hoggerechtshof
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1617:Waterloosplein
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1532:(21 July 2023)
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1467:There are two
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2292:Bruce Gale, '
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2023:cnbcindonesia
2020:
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1756:Daming Sunusi
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1518:(15 May 2024)
1517:
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1509:Burhan Dahlan
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507:Chief Justice
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434:Puan Maharani
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135:Authorized by
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3950:Turkmenistan
3915:Saudi Arabia
3799:
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3524:
3480:
3466:
2674:Home Affairs
2568:
2554:
2456:. Retrieved
2429:
2407:
2386:. Retrieved
2381:
2354:. Retrieved
2350:
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2324:
2301:
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2209:
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2145:
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2128:
2120:
2100:
2091:
2083:
2074:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2039:
2027:. Retrieved
2022:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
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1141:Clerk Office
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988:Kepaniteraan
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884:Adjudication
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852:Jurisdiction
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148:60 (maximum)
130:appointment.
128:Presidential
107:Dharmmayukti
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83:Jurisdiction
18:
4038:Asia portal
3980:States with
3900:Philippines
3840:South Korea
3835:North Korea
3730:Afghanistan
3649:WikiProject
3387:Waqf Agency
3057:Film Agency
2775:Government
2619:Agriculture
1994:"Indonesia"
1542:Ketua Kamar
1502:Amran Suadi
1249:Secretariat
377:Legislature
338:Ma'ruf Amin
310:Joko Widodo
211:Politics of
68:Established
4053:Categories
3960:Uzbekistan
3935:Tajikistan
3850:Kyrgyzstan
3830:Kazakhstan
3750:Bangladesh
3740:Azerbaijan
3546:Government
3496:Government
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3407:Government
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2536:Government
2458:11 January
2400:References
2388:3 November
2356:3 November
2331:3 November
2191:, both in
2003:31 October
1688:Indonesian
1538:Ketua Muda
1017:Leadership
1007:Indonesian
959:Regulatory
942:Monitoring
842:Indonesian
187:2020-04-30
75:1945-08-18
4000:Palestine
3925:Sri Lanka
3920:Singapore
3800:Indonesia
3597:Air Force
1863:kotamadya
1859:kabupaten
1735:Pertamina
1682:building
1243:president
1001:Structure
559:Elections
537:Suhartoyo
485:Judiciary
470:East Java
363:Governors
288:Executive
270:Pancasila
214:Indonesia
170:Currently
86:Indonesia
4028:Category
3990:Abkhazia
3940:Thailand
3895:Pakistan
3875:Mongolia
3870:Maldives
3865:Malaysia
3765:Cambodia
3673:Category
3571:Military
3548:Agencies
3494:Regional
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3405:Regional
2699:Manpower
2679:Industry
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3880:Myanmar
3860:Lebanon
3790:Georgia
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3575:Police
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2777:Agency
2669:Health
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