232:
283:
73:
295:
85:
307:
190:
1.2 and for the T.4 (2-seat trainer) 1.08. Flying just above the speed of sound without using afterburning, although done by the contractor as part of some flight trials does not appear to have been relevant to the operational capability of the aircraft. Service trials established intercept profiles
222:
speed range, not because the extra thrust was required, but because it was available and improved the operating economics. The redesigned Tu-144D used engines with no afterburners which, together with other improvements, increased the full payload range from 3,080 to 5,330 km (1,910 to
206:
1.1 was done without afterburning. Selecting the afterburner, which initially only had a maximum selection with no intermediate positions, would have caused an uncontrollable rapid acceleration to potentially hazardous speeds; i.e., too far beyond previously established flutter-free speeds.
218:) spent most of their time cruising at their design speeds without needing afterburning. Afterburning was added to Concorde for take-off to cope with weight increases that came after the initial design. It was also used to accelerate through the high-drag
390:
fighter equipped with these engines, it managed to accelerate past Mach 1 without using the afterburner, suggesting that it had supercruise capability. It has yet to be seen whether this will be possible with a combat load.
1214:, p. 202: "F-16XL-2 was also able to demonstrate limited supercruise performance by maintaining Mach 1.1 at an altitude of 20,000 feet in full military power without resorting to the use of afterburner."
57:, for which supercruise was defined as "the ability to cruise at speeds of one and a half times the speed of sound or greater without the use of afterburner for extended periods in combat configuration."
186:
1 in a climb. During development testing at
English Electric it was established that the Lightning had a stabilized speed capability in level flight, without afterburning, of about Mach
53:, so the term may imply "a significant increase in effective combat speed with a full weapons load over existing types". One of the pre-eminent military examples of supercruise is the
899:
348:. It is capable of supercruising at Mach 1.5 with an air superiority missile load. Typhoon pilots have stated that Mach 1.3 is attainable in combat configuration with external stores.
1104:
333:
that power the F-22 Raptor make it the most capable supercruise-capable fighter aircraft in service. The F-22 Raptor can supercruise above Mach 1.5 without external stores.
997:
64:. Due to its long service as a commercial airliner, Concorde holds the record for the most time spent supersonic; more than all other western aircraft combined.
263:. The F-22 Raptor's supercruise capabilities are touted as a major performance advantage over other fighters, with supercruise being demonstrated exceeding Mach
1064:
95:, enabling it to travel from London and Paris to New York in just over three hours, a record which has yet to be surpassed by any other commercial aircraft.
1172:
374:
Independently, Russia is working on
Izdelje 30 (after AL31F and AL41F derivatives modifications, like 117S turbofan) and RD33MKRU Morskaja Osa; an all-new
825:
1300:
743:
702:
1198:
1155:
1425:
1373:
719:
Despite the greater frontal area the
Gerfaut remains a level-supersonic aeroplane without afterburning, although the engine is now so equipped.
906:
1278:—describes full cycle of Concorde's engine from takeoff to touchdown, including the turning off of reheat to begin supercruise at Mach 1.7.
1228:
1162:—Adresses the display of the SU57 production model fitted with new Saturn AL-41F1 (117) engines allowing Supercruise ability at Mach 1.3.
664:
1112:
170:
983:
1542:
1357:
1338:
939:
60:
One of the best-known examples of an aircraft capable of supercruise, and the only notable non-military example, was the
1461:
1442:
1409:
966:
1531:
Elegance in Flight: A comprehensive history of the F-16XL experimental prototype and its role in NASA flight research
1518:
1014:
The aircraft is capable of cruising at around Mach 1.8 without afterburners and has a top speed of around Mach 2.2.
1176:
1499:
1480:
1390:
1529:
855:
818:
1086:
1026:
99:
A few early supersonic aircraft attained speeds just beyond the speed of sound without using afterburning.
318:
There are a few engines in production that are designed to facilitate tactically significant supercruise:
1304:
496:
153:
54:
747:
706:
583:
149:
130:
77:
191:
for subsonic and supersonic targets at different altitudes with subsonic cruising at a maximum of Mach
80:
was one of the first aircraft to exceed the speed of sound in level flight without using afterburning.
323:
256:
922:
More significantly, it can supercruise in dry power, even with four missiles and a belly drop tank.
359:
is designed for supercruise and has achieved Mach 1.2, or Mach 1.1 with an air to air missile load.
352:
480:
330:
252:
638:
668:
231:
1040:
386:
engine, produced by this program, may achieve the supercruise goal already. While testing a
1568:
211:
138:
8:
744:"English Electric - Armstrong Siddeley - Rolls-Royce Avon - 1957 - 0541 - Flight Archive"
448:
345:
311:
50:
27:
1419:
1367:
341:
272:
271:
aircraft because an afterburner plume reflects radar signals and creates a significant
268:
1538:
1514:
1495:
1476:
1457:
1438:
1405:
1386:
1353:
1334:
1080:
1020:
35:
1135:"О ходе испытаний нового российского истребителя Су-35БМ: Наука и техника: Lenta.ru"
282:
236:
195:
0.95 with all supersonic speeds beyond subsonic cruise attained with afterburning.
223:
3,310 mi) (Concorde's operational range was 6,470 km or 4,020 mi).
432:
367:
299:
111:
49:
Some fighter jets are capable of supercruise but only at high altitudes and in a
43:
1134:
72:
611:
528:
512:
199:
175:
1255:
943:
378:
engine with a complete redesign is underway to add supercruise ability to the
290:
is capable of supercruise above Mach 1.5 (but is seen here with afterburners).
1562:
1271:
464:
356:
337:
179:
970:
873:
416:
387:
383:
379:
375:
119:
107:
370:
enable the Rafale to supercruise with four missiles and a belly drop tank.
287:
260:
240:
39:
31:
1004:. Reed Business Information. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015
560:
363:
326:
was used on the IAI Super
Phantom 2000 that had supercruise capability.
294:
134:
42:
1+ flight only in short bursts with afterburners. Aircraft such as the
23:
798:
84:
46:
are designed to cruise at supersonic speed with afterburners enabled.
665:"Defence & Security Intelligence & Analysis - IHS Jane's 360"
302:
is capable of supercruising with four missiles and a belly drop tank.
219:
1257:
YF-23 DEM/VAL Presentation by Test Pilots Paul Metz and Jim
Sandberg
1157:
Su-57 Fighter Jet with Super-cruising
Engines Displayed at Army 2022
544:
92:
88:
61:
1509:
Gordon, Yefim; Komissarov, Dmitry; Rigmant, Vladimir (May 2015).
819:"The Cutting Edge: A Half Century of US Fighter Aircraft R&D"
215:
774:
1067:(press release). Archived from the original on 23 October 2009
1235:
306:
214:(SST), Concorde, and the second version of the Tu-144 (the
1105:"Saab's Demo aircraft to highlight Gripen NG capabilities"
1260:. Western Museum of Flight: Peninsula Seniors Production.
1199:"Gripen e enters serial production as Saab targets sales"
762:
275:. Virtually all fighters prior to the F-22 cruise at Mach
1473:
Lightning from the
Cockpit: Flying the Supersonic Legend
1350:
Experimental & Prototype U.S. Air Force Jet
Fighters
816:
1508:
1229:"Air Force Chooses Lockheed's Design for Fighter Plane"
804:
1281:
724:
683:
1247:
394:
267:
1.5. Supercruise capability provides advantages for
16:
Sustained supersonic flight of a supersonic aircraft
786:
606:
604:
645:. Federation of American Scientists. 21 July 1999
141:. The maximum speed without afterburning was Mach
1560:
1331:Concorde: The Full Story of the Anglo-French SST
874:"Stealth design of airplanes / stealth aircraft"
639:"F-22 demonstrates 'supercruise' for first time"
601:
91:routinely supercruised most of the way over the
38:are not capable of supercruise and can maintain
1383:The Development of Jet and Turbine Aero Engines
1033:
950:
940:"Eurofighter Typhoon - Luftüberlegenheitsrolle"
382:. This has yet to bear fruit, but the stop-gap
129:1 in level flight without afterburning was the
1511:Tupolev Tu-144: The Soviet Supersonic Airliner
998:"Lockheed begins test flights of final Raptor"
866:
279:0.8–0.9 while carrying a normal weapons load.
255:set supercruise as a core requirement for the
243:(speed) for aircraft; supercruising above Mach
1347:
1241:
1348:Jenkins, Dennis R.; Landis, Tony R. (2008).
736:
125:The first production aircraft to exceed Mach
1456:. Osceola, Wis.: Motorbooks International.
1222:
1220:
695:
1527:
1424:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1372:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1254:Paul Metz, Jim Sandberg (27 August 2015).
1211:
1098:
1096:
1059:
1057:
894:
892:
890:
34:(also known as "reheat"). Many supersonic
1333:. Kent, UK: Pictorial Histories Pub. Co.
1226:
984:General Jumper qualifies in F/A-22 Raptor
1328:
1287:
1227:Stevenson, Richard W. (April 24, 1991).
1217:
850:
848:
846:
305:
293:
281:
230:
83:
71:
1513:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd.
1470:
1451:
1432:
1399:
1380:
1093:
1054:
887:
780:
768:
730:
689:
1561:
1454:America's stealth fighters and bombers
977:
934:
932:
930:
810:
633:
631:
629:
314:is capable of supercruise at Mach 1.5.
202:initial supersonic test flying to Mach
1489:
1402:Early supersonic fighters of the West
1127:
1102:
843:
805:Gordon, Komissarov & Rigmant 2015
792:
995:
831:from the original on 28 January 2022
657:
614:. Defence Aviation. 5 September 2011
235:Qualitative variation in Cd factor (
164:August 1954. A week previously, on 4
1385:(4th ed.). Haynes Publishing.
927:
905:. Dassault Aviation. Archived from
626:
13:
1352:. Minnesota, US: Specialty Press.
746:. flightglobal.com. Archived from
705:. flightglobal.com. Archived from
14:
1580:
824:. RAND Corporation. p. 141.
395:Aircraft with supercruise ability
817:Mark A. Lorell; Hugh P. Levaux.
110:research aircraft powered by an
1322:
1293:
1264:
1205:
1191:
1165:
1148:
989:
969:. July 25, 2008. Archived from
959:
259:program, which resulted in the
226:
182:, had unknowingly exceeded Mach
1528:Piccirillo, Albert C. (2014).
1301:"1965 | 0043 | Flight Archive"
1175:. 20 June 2011. Archived from
1173:"Fiche Rafale le-Bourget 2011"
1103:Hoyle, Craig (25 April 2008).
703:"1956 - 0414 - Flight Archive"
152:, powered by non-afterburning
1:
589:
1329:Schrader, Richard K (1989).
1303:. 2016-03-05. Archived from
594:
122:without using afterburning.
7:
667:. janes.com. Archived from
577:
497:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor
154:Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire
137:engine was replaced with a
10:
1585:
1537:. Washington, D.C.: NASA.
986:, af.mil, January 13, 2005
584:Index of aviation articles
324:Pratt & Whitney PW1120
150:English Electric Lightning
131:Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
78:English Electric Lightning
67:
1242:Jenkins & Landis 2008
1085:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1025:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
257:Advanced Tactical Fighter
148:The P.1 prototype of the
1475:. Barnsley: Leo Cooper.
1433:Beamont, Roland (1980).
1231:– via NYTimes.com.
967:"Boeing "Super Phantom""
331:Pratt & Whitney F119
114:D2A engine exceeded Mach
1494:. London: Grub Street.
1471:Caygill, Peter (2004).
956:Spick 1985, pp. 289-90.
481:General Dynamics F-16XL
253:United States Air Force
1400:Gunston, Bill (1975).
1381:Gunston, Bill (2006).
353:General Electric F414G
315:
303:
291:
248:
156:engines, exceeded Mach
96:
81:
1490:Twiss, Peter (2005).
1452:Goodall, Jim (1992).
1065:"Gripen Supercruises"
1041:"EuroFighter Typhoon"
309:
297:
285:
234:
212:supersonic transports
87:
75:
1437:. London: I. Allen.
1043:. fighter-planes.com
876:. fighter-planes.com
571:Retired (prototype)
539:Retired (prototype)
523:Retired (prototype)
491:Retired (prototype)
1492:Faster Than the Sun
912:on 22 November 2007
465:Saab JAS-39E Gripen
449:Eurofighter Typhoon
346:Eurofighter Typhoon
312:Eurofighter Typhoon
51:clean configuration
28:supersonic aircraft
946:on 15 August 2009.
771:, p. 110-116.
405:Supercruise speed
342:EuroJet Turbo GmbH
316:
304:
292:
273:infrared signature
249:
97:
82:
1544:978-1-62683-022-6
1359:978-1-58007-111-6
1340:978-0-929521-16-9
973:on July 25, 2008.
783:, fig. 1 & 2.
575:
574:
168:August, the P.1,
36:military aircraft
1576:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1536:
1524:
1505:
1486:
1467:
1448:
1429:
1423:
1415:
1396:
1377:
1371:
1363:
1344:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1111:. Archived from
1100:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1009:
996:Majumdar, Dave.
993:
987:
981:
975:
974:
963:
957:
954:
948:
947:
942:. Archived from
936:
925:
924:
919:
917:
911:
904:
896:
885:
884:
882:
881:
870:
864:
863:
852:
841:
840:
838:
836:
830:
823:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
759:
757:
755:
740:
734:
728:
722:
721:
716:
714:
699:
693:
687:
681:
680:
678:
676:
661:
655:
654:
652:
650:
635:
624:
623:
621:
619:
608:
399:
398:
357:JAS 39 Gripen NG
340:engine built by
278:
266:
246:
237:drag coefficient
205:
194:
189:
185:
167:
163:
159:
144:
128:
117:
105:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1534:
1521:
1502:
1483:
1464:
1445:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1393:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1341:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1225:
1218:
1212:Piccirillo 2014
1210:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1179:on 8 April 2024
1171:
1170:
1166:
1160:, DefenseMirror
1154:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1115:on 15 June 2021
1101:
1094:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1018:
1017:
1007:
1005:
994:
990:
982:
978:
965:
964:
960:
955:
951:
938:
937:
928:
915:
913:
909:
902:
898:
897:
888:
879:
877:
872:
871:
867:
854:
853:
844:
834:
832:
828:
821:
815:
811:
803:
799:
791:
787:
779:
775:
767:
763:
753:
751:
750:on 6 March 2016
742:
741:
737:
729:
725:
712:
710:
709:on 2 April 2015
701:
700:
696:
688:
684:
674:
672:
671:on 7 March 2001
663:
662:
658:
648:
646:
637:
636:
627:
617:
615:
610:
609:
602:
597:
592:
580:
433:Dassault Rafale
411:Service status
408:Production Year
397:
368:Dassault Rafale
366:that power the
344:mounted in the
300:Dassault Rafale
276:
264:
247:2 is efficient.
244:
229:
203:
192:
187:
183:
165:
161:
157:
142:
126:
115:
112:SNECMA Atar 101
106:August 1954, a
103:
70:
44:SR-71 Blackbird
17:
12:
11:
5:
1582:
1572:
1571:
1557:
1556:
1543:
1525:
1519:
1506:
1500:
1487:
1481:
1468:
1463:978-0879386092
1462:
1449:
1444:978-0711010727
1443:
1430:
1411:978-0684144917
1410:
1397:
1391:
1378:
1358:
1345:
1339:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1292:
1280:
1263:
1246:
1244:, p. 236.
1234:
1216:
1204:
1190:
1164:
1147:
1126:
1092:
1053:
1032:
988:
976:
958:
949:
926:
886:
865:
860:U.S. Air Force
842:
809:
807:, p. 248.
797:
785:
773:
761:
735:
733:, p. 193.
723:
694:
692:, p. 160.
682:
656:
643:Air Force News
625:
599:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
586:
579:
576:
573:
572:
569:
566:
563:
557:
556:
553:
550:
547:
541:
540:
537:
534:
531:
529:Northrop YF-23
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
513:Lockheed YF-22
509:
508:
505:
502:
499:
493:
492:
489:
486:
483:
477:
476:
473:
470:
467:
461:
460:
457:
454:
451:
445:
444:
441:
438:
435:
429:
428:
425:
422:
419:
413:
412:
409:
406:
403:
396:
393:
372:
371:
360:
349:
334:
327:
228:
225:
200:Fairey Delta 2
176:Roland Beamont
69:
66:
30:without using
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1581:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1546:
1540:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1522:
1520:9780764348945
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1435:Testing years
1431:
1427:
1421:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1307:on 2016-03-05
1306:
1302:
1296:
1290:, p. 64.
1289:
1288:Schrader 1989
1284:
1276:, ConcordeSST
1275:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1243:
1238:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1136:
1130:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1082:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1042:
1036:
1028:
1022:
1015:
1003:
999:
992:
985:
980:
972:
968:
962:
953:
945:
941:
935:
933:
931:
923:
908:
901:
895:
893:
891:
875:
869:
861:
857:
856:"F-22 Raptor"
851:
849:
847:
827:
820:
813:
806:
801:
795:, p. 44.
794:
789:
782:
777:
770:
765:
749:
745:
739:
732:
727:
720:
708:
704:
698:
691:
686:
670:
666:
660:
644:
640:
634:
632:
630:
613:
612:"Supercruise"
607:
605:
600:
585:
582:
581:
570:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
554:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
538:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
522:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
506:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
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487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
474:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
458:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
442:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
426:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
410:
407:
404:
401:
400:
392:
389:
385:
381:
377:
369:
365:
361:
358:
354:
350:
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:
328:
325:
321:
320:
319:
313:
308:
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417:Sukhoi Su-57
380:Sukhoi Su-57
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1550:20 February
900:"FOX THREE"
507:In service
475:In service
459:In service
443:In service
427:In service
364:Snecma M88s
288:F-22 Raptor
261:F-22 Raptor
241:Mach number
55:F-22 Raptor
32:afterburner
20:Supercruise
1501:1904943373
1482:1844150828
1392:1852606185
1311:2024-09-16
1273:Powerplant
1141:2015-09-04
1137:. lenta.ru
1047:2015-09-04
880:2015-09-04
793:Twiss 2005
590:References
565:Mach 1.04
561:EWR VJ 101
133:after its
24:supersonic
1420:cite book
1368:cite book
595:Citations
549:Mach 2.02
533:Mach 1.72
517:Mach 1.58
501:Mach 1.80
485:Mach 1.10
469:Mach 1.10
453:Mach 1.50
437:Mach 1.40
421:Mach 1.30
220:transonic
210:Only the
174:flown by
1563:Category
1183:14 April
1119:19 March
1081:cite web
1071:19 March
1021:cite web
1008:30 March
826:Archived
578:See also
555:Retired
545:Concorde
402:Aircraft
362:The two
329:The two
198:All the
93:Atlantic
89:Concorde
62:Concorde
916:3 March
835:6 March
754:6 March
713:6 March
675:6 March
649:6 March
388:Su-35BM
355:in the
269:stealth
239:) with
216:Tu-144D
178:on its
160:1 on 11
108:Gerfaut
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376:AL-41
338:EJ200
171:WG760
118:1 in
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677:2022
651:2022
620:2021
552:1965
536:1989
520:1989
504:1996
488:1982
472:2019
456:1994
440:1986
424:2020
384:117S
351:The
336:The
322:The
310:The
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