208:
29:
164:
while pressure was maintained even at low speeds and RPM, the first stages were stalling and this was causing significant vibration and fatigue issues. Wright solved this by adding inlet ramps that closed off the outer portions of the intake at low RPM. Armstrong
Siddeley evaluated this for the UK Sapphires, but adopted a different solution instead.
159:
purchased a license for the
Sapphire in 1950, with plans to have the production lines running in 1951. However a series of delays due to design changes by Curtiss-Wright, such as substituting the Sapphire's machined midsection solid forged diffuser frame with a fabricated one of welded nodular iron,
163:
Another change addressed the
Sapphire's only major problem. The Sapphire was found to work well through the entire RPM range without the compressor stalling, which allowed it to dispense with inlet guide vanes or other solutions found on contemporary designs. However, in service it was found that
160:
led to its service introduction slipping two years. The fabricated assembly, a more practicable production job with about one fifth the cost, was subsequently adopted for the
Sapphire.
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Starfighter prototypes. Problems
Grumman had with the engine in the F11F Tiger, particularly below-spec afterburning thrust, caused them to specify the
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was also designed. The T49 first ran in
December 1952 at 8,000 shp (6,000 kW), followed by flight testing in a
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657:"Grumman's Mach-2 International F11F-1F Supertiger" Corwin Meyer, Naval Fighters Number Forty-Four, Steve Ginter 1998,
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634:"Effect of Compressor-inlet Area Blockage on Performance of an Experimental Compressor and a Hypothetical Engine"
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test bed from 26 August 1955. By this time however, the market for the engine had vanished.
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was on the market and took many of the J65's potential sales. Nevertheless, along with the
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691:(5th ed.). Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England: Sutton Publishing Limited.
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737:"Anglo-American Jewel - Engineering Details of the Wright J65 Sapphire Revealed"
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252:(USN) variant similar to -1 producing 7,220 lbf (32,100 N) of thrust.
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XB-47D fitted with two YT49 turboprops and four-blade paddle propeller
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219:
version of the J65 (Sapphire) was developed by
Curtiss-Wright as the
216:
175:, its original application, the J65 went on to power versions of the
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710:. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Ramsbury: The Crowood Press.
644:
605:
569:
776:
674:"World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines - 5th edition" by
632:
Filippi, Richard E.; Lucas, James G. (April 5, 1955).
598:"World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines - 5th edition" by
2168:
329:10,500 lbf (47,000 N) -16A with reheat
625:
215:A 6,500–10,380 shp (4,850–7,740 kW)
1202:
762:
268:of General Motors Corporation, similar to -1.
631:
1209:
1195:
769:
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708:Turbojet History and Development 1930-1960
398:
148:, the J65 powered a number of US designs.
393:
151:
206:
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503:~0.916 lb/(lbf⋅h) (25.9 g/(kN⋅s))
1190:
750:
732:A 1952 advert for the Sapphire/J 65
705:
223:, and a commercial derivative, the
13:
689:World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines
641:Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory
488:119.05 lb/s (54.00 kg/s)
14:
2193:
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678:, Sutton Publishing, 2006, p.249
602:, Sutton Publishing, 2006, p.249
27:
333:
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473:7,239 lbf (32.20 kN)
460:
323:8,500 lbf (38,000 N)
317:7,700 lbf (34,000 N)
296:7,700 lbf (34,000 N)
280:7,650 lbf (34,000 N)
274:7,700 lbf (34,000 N)
258:7,700 lbf (34,000 N)
243:7,200 lbf (32,000 N)
1:
613:"Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire"
580:"Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire"
562:
429:
425:2,776 lb (1,259 kg)
202:
167:By service introduction, the
1220:gas turbine aircraft engine
494:~848 °C (1,560 °F)
413:~122 in (3,100 mm)
375:Republic F-84F Thunderstreak
185:Republic F-84F Thunderstreak
103:Republic F-84F Thunderstreak
7:
528:Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire
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419:37.52 in (953 mm)
234:
197:Grumman F11F-1F Super Tiger
118:Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire
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492:Turbine inlet temperature:
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540:de Havilland Gyron Junior
499:Specific fuel consumption
35:
26:
21:
706:Kay, Anthony L. (2007).
557:List of aircraft engines
370:North American FJ-4 Fury
365:North American FJ-3 Fury
16:Turbojet aircraft engine
2182:Wright aircraft engines
399:General characteristics
169:Pratt & Whitney J57
144:. A development of the
36:A sectioned Wright J65
2177:1940s turbojet engines
2133:Adaptive cycle engines
1218:United States military
687:Gunston, Bill (2006).
508:Thrust-to-weight ratio
478:Overall pressure ratio
394:Specifications (J65-B)
212:
177:North American FJ Fury
152:Design and development
621:: 20. 6 January 1956.
588:: 22. 6 January 1956.
210:
355:Martin B-57 Canberra
266:Buick Motor Division
193:General Electric J79
173:Martin B-57 Canberra
98:Martin B-57 Canberra
643:, Cleveland, Ohio:
522:Related development
345:Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
181:Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
140:under license from
136:engine produced by
88:Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
1222:designation system
743:article on the J65
534:Comparable engines
350:Grumman F-11 Tiger
250:United States Navy
213:
142:Armstrong Siddeley
93:Grumman F-11 Tiger
80:Major applications
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817:T-2 Tornado
812:T-1 Tornado
807:Gipsy L-320
461:Performance
436:Compressor:
423:Dry weight:
2171:Categories
1851:LHTEC T800
1532:Turboprops
1136:Turboprops
1031:Cyclone 22
563:References
443:Combustors
430:Components
221:Wright T49
203:Wright T49
131:axial-flow
127:Wright J65
71:First run
1876:Turbofans
1230:Turbojets
1103:Turbojets
1011:Cyclone 9
1006:Cyclone 7
856:Lawrance
739:- a 1954
417:Diameter:
320:J65-W-16C
314:J65-W-16A
217:turboprop
1856:APW T800
1674:variants
1079:L-3 Gale
782:Lawrance
517:See also
467:Maximum
407:turbojet
326:J65-W-18
309:J65-W-16
304:J65-W-12
299:J65-W-11
277:J65-W-4B
235:Variants
195:for the
146:Sapphire
134:turbojet
45:Turbojet
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1016:Cyclone
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271:J65-W-4
261:J65-B-3
255:J65-W-3
246:J65-W-2
240:J65-W-1
129:was an
1084:R-1200
1072:Others
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1058:R-3350
1053:R-2600
1048:R-1820
1043:R-1750
1038:R-1300
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2011:YF120
1488:YJ101
978:R-975
973:R-790
968:R-760
963:R-540
956:J-6-9
951:J-6-7
946:J-6-5
832:V-720
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