Knowledge

Superalgebra

Source 📝

605:
into even and odd components, then two distinct (but essentially equivalent) sign conventions can be found in the literature. These can be called the "cohomological sign convention" and the "super sign convention". They differ in how the antipode (exchange of two elements) behaves. In the first case,
2265: 3572: 2621: 2294:
One can easily generalize the definition of superalgebras to include superalgebras over a commutative superring. The definition given above is then a specialization to the case where the base ring is purely even.
2029: 2456: 1485: 1119: 1411: 1777: 2278:
is purely even, this is equivalent to the ordinary ungraded tensor product (except that the result is graded). However, in general, the super tensor product is distinct from the tensor product of
2558: 3517: 275: 670: 1658: 1597: 885: 2084: 557: 1890: 197: 3562: 1178: 1147: 960: 924: 464:. The identity element in a unital superalgebra is necessarily even. Unless otherwise specified, all superalgebras in this article are assumed to be associative and unital. 3567: 2808: 443: 962:
the parity. This is more often seen in physics texts, and requires a parity functor to be judiciously employed to track isomorphisms. Detailed arguments are provided by
785: 705: 574:. There are superalgebras that are commutative in the ordinary sense, but not in the superalgebra sense. For this reason, commutative superalgebras are often called 830:
This convention is commonly seen in conventional mathematical settings, such as differential geometry and differential topology. The other convention is to take
828: 2553: 805: 753: 733: 3186: 3555: 3191: 2717: 2801: 3785: 2915: 3633: 3550: 3932: 3881: 86: 1944: 3368: 1042:
together form a superalgebra, being the even and odd parts, respectively. Note that this is a different grading from the grading by degree.
3917: 3907: 2794: 3413: 2342: 3886: 1422: 2920: 2767: 3329: 1058: 1343: 3927: 2930: 2777: 2727: 1694: 3937: 3496: 2950: 2945: 3626: 2751: 2697: 4053: 3942: 3666: 3363: 3047: 1684:(in particular, if 2 is invertible) then the grade involution can be used to distinguish the even and odd parts of 3980: 3975: 3110: 2870: 224: 3912: 3037: 612: 69:, provide an algebraic framework for formulating supersymmetry. The study of such objects is sometimes called 4215: 3619: 3042: 2935: 2260:{\displaystyle (a_{1}\otimes b_{1})(a_{2}\otimes b_{2})=(-1)^{|b_{1}||a_{2}|}(a_{1}a_{2}\otimes b_{1}b_{2}).} 1608: 1538: 3596: 2940: 1239: 836: 54:
with a decomposition into "even" and "odd" pieces and a multiplication operator that respects the grading.
487: 3960: 3876: 3845: 3800: 3661: 2982: 1803: 156: 3860: 3600: 3064: 2059: 3830: 3460: 3393: 3388: 3351: 2882: 2855: 2825: 3714: 1155: 1124: 929: 893: 3855: 3317: 3312: 3221: 3181: 2897: 2532: 1522: 1028: 469: 114: 383: 3506: 1238:. Lie superalgebras are nonunital and nonassociative; however, one may construct the analog of a 1039: 3142: 1004:
may be regarded as superalgebra by reading the grading modulo 2. This includes examples such as
3965: 3815: 3719: 3511: 3501: 3475: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3240: 3203: 3149: 2875: 2865: 2843: 2512: 1274:, consisting of all even elements, is closed under multiplication and contains the identity of 1216:). This algebra may be identified with the algebra of endomorphisms of a free supermodule over 758: 678: 3995: 3990: 3902: 3840: 3744: 3724: 3428: 3408: 3346: 3275: 3054: 3032: 3007: 2907: 1291: 1035: 147: 43: 3780: 3729: 3586: 3480: 3465: 3380: 3307: 3270: 3265: 3255: 3015: 2969: 2039: 137: 70: 2616:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mu &:A\otimes A\to A\\\eta &:R\to A\end{aligned}}} 8: 4000: 3985: 3970: 3739: 3455: 3324: 3235: 3122: 3093: 2817: 110: 51: 24: 810: 4109: 3681: 3676: 3592: 3245: 3231: 3213: 3196: 3176: 3159: 3069: 2892: 1185: 790: 738: 718: 281: 2046:
as an ungraded algebra. A commutative superalgebra is one whose supercenter is all of
4210: 3418: 3154: 3132: 3059: 3020: 2997: 2786: 2773: 2772:. Courant Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Vol. 11. American Mathematical Society. 2763: 2747: 2723: 2693: 2520: 1681: 3810: 3709: 3696: 3336: 3127: 3115: 3098: 3076: 3025: 2977: 2838: 1231: 1045: 1020: 461: 102: 47: 2669: 4139: 4104: 3825: 3820: 3442: 3398: 3225: 3169: 3164: 3103: 2925: 2850: 2508: 1789: 1009: 78: 4169: 4159: 4144: 3790: 3775: 3086: 2688:; Morgan, J. W. (1999). "Notes on Supersymmetry (following Joseph Bernstein)". 2685: 1005: 1001: 963: 602: 39: 4204: 4184: 4164: 4114: 3749: 3686: 3656: 3642: 3403: 3358: 3341: 2987: 2860: 2713: 1335: 1192: 474: 82: 74: 62: 4189: 4174: 4134: 4124: 4119: 4010: 3952: 3835: 3671: 3302: 3081: 2992: 2887: 1525: 1052: 203: 4179: 4154: 4149: 4099: 4078: 4043: 4038: 3765: 3534: 3450: 2311: 1235: 473:(or supercommutative algebra) is one which satisfies a graded version of 453: 306: 66: 20: 4083: 4073: 4058: 3850: 3770: 3734: 3470: 2739: 2709: 1279: 2024:{\displaystyle \mathrm {Z} (A)=\{a\in A:=0{\text{ for all }}x\in A\}.} 4129: 4033: 3922: 3518:
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences
2833: 2527:
serving as the unit object. An associative, unital superalgebra over
1265: 1027:
is a superalgebra. The exterior algebra is the standard example of a
4068: 4063: 4048: 4023: 1316: 1242:
of a Lie superalgebra which is a unital, associative superalgebra.
4028: 310: 65:
in theoretical physics. Superalgebras and their representations,
3611: 2451:{\displaystyle r\cdot (xy)=(r\cdot x)y=(-1)^{|r||x|}x(r\cdot y)} 73:. Superalgebras also play an important role in related field of 3805: 3795: 3573:
European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences
3137: 2955: 1480:{\displaystyle \mu (x\otimes y)\cdot z=x\cdot \mu (y\otimes z)} 2692:. Vol. 1. American Mathematical Society. pp. 41–97. 4018: 2289: 943: 907: 3568:
International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
2722:. Memoirs of the AMS Series. Vol. 711. AMS Bookstore. 1114:{\displaystyle \mathbf {End} (V)\equiv \mathbf {Hom} (V,V)} 1509:. This follows from the associativity of the product in 1406:{\displaystyle \mu :A_{1}\otimes _{A_{0}}A_{1}\to A_{0}} 1246: 2690:
Quantum Fields and Strings: A Course for Mathematicians
2336:
that respects the grading. Bilinearity here means that
2816: 1772:{\displaystyle A_{i}=\{x\in A:{\hat {x}}=(-1)^{i}x\}.} 1319:
whose scalar multiplication is just multiplication in
3187:
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
2556: 2345: 2087: 1947: 1806: 1697: 1611: 1541: 1425: 1346: 1158: 1127: 1061: 1048:
are superalgebras. They are generally noncommutative.
932: 896: 839: 813: 793: 761: 741: 721: 681: 615: 490: 386: 227: 159: 3563:
Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles
3556:
Japan Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
3192:
Numerical methods for partial differential equations
2906: 3379: 2708: 2641: 978:may be regarded as a purely even superalgebra over 2615: 2450: 2259: 2023: 1884: 1771: 1652: 1591: 1479: 1405: 1172: 1141: 1113: 954: 918: 879: 822: 799: 779: 747: 727: 699: 664: 551: 437: 269: 191: 2769:Supersymmetry for Mathematicians: An Introduction 2484:Equivalently, one may define a superalgebra over 4202: 2719:Graded simple Jordan superalgebras of growth one 1228:and is the internal Hom of above for this space. 346:|, is 0 or 1 according to whether it is in 16:Algebraic structure used in theoretical physics 3551:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 3627: 2802: 2684: 2539:-supermodules. That is, a superalgebra is an 3369:Supersymmetric theory of stochastic dynamics 2015: 1965: 1895:on homogeneous elements, extended to all of 1763: 1711: 376:are both homogeneous then so is the product 2762: 2653: 284:2, i.e. they are thought of as elements of 270:{\displaystyle A_{i}A_{j}\subseteq A_{i+j}} 3634: 3620: 2809: 2795: 2290:Generalizations and categorical definition 2078:with a multiplication rule determined by: 1260:be a superalgebra over a commutative ring 2664: 2662: 2286:regarded as ordinary, ungraded algebras. 1532:. It is given on homogeneous elements by 548: 77:where they enter into the definitions of 2746:((2nd ed.) ed.). Berlin: Springer. 2492:together with an superring homomorphism 1934:which supercommute with all elements of 665:{\displaystyle xy\mapsto (-1)^{mn+pq}yx} 2744:Gauge Field Theory and Complex Geometry 2500:whose image lies in the supercenter of 2053: 1188:forms a superalgebra under composition. 4203: 2659: 2626:for which the usual diagrams commute. 1653:{\displaystyle {\hat {x}}=x_{0}-x_{1}} 1592:{\displaystyle {\hat {x}}=(-1)^{|x|}x} 360:. Elements of parity 0 are said to be 3615: 2790: 2738: 1782: 1247:Further definitions and constructions 880:{\displaystyle xy\mapsto (-1)^{pq}yx} 309:, is a superalgebra over the ring of 2523:under the super tensor product with 974:Any algebra over a commutative ring 552:{\displaystyle yx=(-1)^{|x||y|}xy\,} 92: 2038:is, in general, different than the 1885:{\displaystyle =xy-(-1)^{|x||y|}yx} 1516: 581: 192:{\displaystyle A=A_{0}\oplus A_{1}} 13: 2818:Industrial and applied mathematics 2507:One may also define superalgebras 2070:may be regarded as a superalgebra 1949: 1251: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1135: 1132: 1129: 593:grading arises as a "rollup" of a 14: 4227: 3641: 3048:Stochastic differential equations 2642:Kac, Martinez & Zelmanov 2001 3667:Supersymmetric quantum mechanics 3364:Supersymmetric quantum mechanics 1797:is the binary operator given by 1199:forms a superalgebra denoted by 1092: 1089: 1086: 1069: 1066: 1063: 3246:Stochastic variational calculus 3038:Ordinary differential equations 1528:on any superalgebra called the 452:is one whose multiplication is 3043:Partial differential equations 2916:Arbitrary-precision arithmetic 2647: 2635: 2603: 2580: 2445: 2433: 2424: 2416: 2411: 2403: 2398: 2388: 2379: 2367: 2361: 2352: 2302:be a commutative superring. A 2251: 2205: 2199: 2184: 2179: 2164: 2159: 2149: 2143: 2117: 2114: 2088: 1992: 1980: 1959: 1953: 1930:is the set of all elements of 1870: 1862: 1857: 1849: 1844: 1834: 1819: 1807: 1751: 1741: 1732: 1618: 1580: 1572: 1567: 1557: 1548: 1474: 1462: 1441: 1429: 1390: 1173:{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hom} } 1142:{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hom} } 1108: 1096: 1079: 1073: 955:{\displaystyle q=n{\bmod {2}}} 919:{\displaystyle p=m{\bmod {2}}} 859: 849: 846: 635: 625: 622: 536: 528: 523: 515: 510: 500: 431: 423: 415: 407: 399: 388: 280:where the subscripts are read 1: 2931:Interactive geometry software 2678: 2461:for all homogeneous elements 1672:are the homogeneous parts of 1602:and on arbitrary elements by 578:in order to avoid confusion. 562:for all homogeneous elements 460:is one with a multiplicative 1301:The set of all odd elements 1240:universal enveloping algebra 438:{\displaystyle |xy|=|x|+|y|} 364:and those of parity 1 to be 319:The elements of each of the 7: 3662:Supersymmetric gauge theory 2983:Computational number theory 2946:Numerical-analysis software 968: 890:with the parities given as 10: 4232: 3961:Pure 4D N = 1 supergravity 2547:with two (even) morphisms 4092: 4009: 3951: 3895: 3869: 3861:Electric–magnetic duality 3758: 3695: 3649: 3581: 3543: 3527: 3489: 3441: 3389:Algebra of physical space 3254: 3212: 3006: 2968: 2856:Automated theorem proving 2824: 2531:can then be defined as a 2324:-bilinear multiplication 336:of a homogeneous element 61:comes from the theory of 3882:Haag–ƁopuszaƄski–Sohnius 3856:Little hierarchy problem 3182:Numerical linear algebra 2629: 1029:supercommutative algebra 780:{\displaystyle n=\deg y} 700:{\displaystyle m=\deg x} 606:one has an exchange map 470:commutative superalgebra 450:associative superalgebra 105:. In most applications, 3938:6D (2,0) superconformal 2921:Finite element analysis 2871:Constraint satisfaction 1899:by linearity. Elements 1290:. It forms an ordinary 1286:, naturally called the 1234:are a graded analog of 1040:alternating polynomials 3918:N = 4 super Yang–Mills 3908:N = 1 super Yang–Mills 3816:Supersymmetry breaking 3720:Superconformal algebra 3715:Super-PoincarĂ© algebra 3476:Mathematical economics 3150:Multivariable calculus 3033:Differential equations 2876:Constraint programming 2866:Computational geometry 2617: 2519:-supermodules forms a 2452: 2261: 2025: 1886: 1773: 1654: 1593: 1481: 1407: 1278:and therefore forms a 1191:The set of all square 1174: 1143: 1115: 956: 920: 881: 824: 801: 781: 755:the parity. Likewise, 749: 729: 701: 666: 553: 439: 271: 193: 3996:Type IIB supergravity 3991:Type IIA supergravity 3966:4D N = 1 supergravity 3831:Seiberg–Witten theory 3745:Super Minkowski space 3725:Supersymmetry algebra 3429:Supersymmetry algebra 3414:Representation theory 3409:Renormalization group 3055:Differential geometry 2936:Optimization software 2908:Mathematical software 2618: 2453: 2262: 2062:of two superalgebras 2026: 1887: 1774: 1655: 1594: 1521:There is a canonical 1482: 1408: 1175: 1144: 1121:, where the boldface 1116: 1036:symmetric polynomials 982:; that is, by taking 957: 921: 882: 825: 802: 782: 750: 730: 702: 667: 554: 440: 272: 194: 4216:Super linear algebra 3781:Short supermultiplet 3481:Mathematical finance 3466:Social choice theory 3381:Algebraic structures 3330:in quantum mechanics 3266:Analytical mechanics 3232:Stochastic processes 3204:Variational calculus 3016:Approximation theory 2941:Statistical software 2670:Deligne's discussion 2554: 2343: 2085: 2054:Super tensor product 1945: 1804: 1695: 1609: 1539: 1423: 1344: 1156: 1125: 1059: 930: 894: 837: 811: 791: 759: 739: 719: 679: 613: 488: 384: 225: 157: 71:super linear algebra 42:. That is, it is an 4001:Gauged supergravity 3986:Type I supergravity 3943:ABJM superconformal 3740:Harmonic superspace 3456:Operations research 3325:Perturbation theory 3123:Multilinear algebra 3094:Functional analysis 2951:Numerical libraries 2883:Computational logic 2672:of these two cases. 2535:in the category of 2034:The supercenter of 2003: for all  1019:In particular, any 458:unital superalgebra 340:, denoted by | 25:theoretical physics 3976:Higher dimensional 3971:N = 8 supergravity 3887:Nonrenormalization 3682:Super vector space 3677:Superstring theory 3593:Mathematics portal 3490:Other applications 3214:Probability theory 3197:Validated numerics 3177:Numerical analysis 3070:Geometric analysis 3060:Differential forms 2893:Information theory 2764:Varadarajan, V. S. 2613: 2611: 2448: 2257: 2021: 1882: 1783:Supercommutativity 1769: 1650: 1589: 1477: 1403: 1186:super vector space 1184:linear maps) of a 1170: 1149:is referred to as 1139: 1111: 952: 916: 877: 823:{\displaystyle q.} 820: 797: 777: 745: 725: 697: 662: 549: 481:is commutative if 435: 267: 189: 4198: 4197: 3841:Wess–Zumino gauge 3609: 3608: 3443:Decision sciences 3437: 3436: 3419:Spacetime algebra 3111:Harmonic analysis 3077:Dynamical systems 3021:Clifford analysis 2998:Discrete geometry 2964: 2963: 2779:978-0-8218-3574-6 2729:978-0-8218-2645-4 2521:monoidal category 2004: 1735: 1621: 1551: 1323:. The product in 1232:Lie superalgebras 1046:Clifford algebras 800:{\displaystyle y} 787:is the degree of 748:{\displaystyle p} 728:{\displaystyle x} 93:Formal definition 4223: 3981:11D supergravity 3710:Lie superalgebra 3697:Supermathematics 3636: 3629: 3622: 3613: 3612: 3394:Feynman integral 3377: 3376: 3337:Potential theory 3226:random variables 3116:Fourier analysis 3099:Operator algebra 3026:Clifford algebra 2978:Computer algebra 2904: 2903: 2811: 2804: 2797: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2757: 2733: 2712:; Martinez, C.; 2703: 2673: 2666: 2657: 2654:Varadarajan 2004 2651: 2645: 2639: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2612: 2457: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2429: 2428: 2427: 2419: 2414: 2406: 2266: 2264: 2263: 2258: 2250: 2249: 2240: 2239: 2227: 2226: 2217: 2216: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2197: 2196: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2176: 2167: 2142: 2141: 2129: 2128: 2113: 2112: 2100: 2099: 2030: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2005: 2002: 1952: 1918: 1891: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1865: 1860: 1852: 1778: 1776: 1775: 1770: 1759: 1758: 1737: 1736: 1728: 1707: 1706: 1659: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1636: 1635: 1623: 1622: 1614: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1575: 1553: 1552: 1544: 1530:grade involution 1517:Grade involution 1486: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1412: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1401: 1389: 1388: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1362: 1361: 1195:with entries in 1179: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1120: 1118: 1117: 1112: 1095: 1072: 1021:exterior algebra 1010:polynomial rings 961: 959: 958: 953: 951: 950: 925: 923: 922: 917: 915: 914: 886: 884: 883: 878: 870: 869: 829: 827: 826: 821: 807:and with parity 806: 804: 803: 798: 786: 784: 783: 778: 754: 752: 751: 746: 734: 732: 731: 726: 706: 704: 703: 698: 671: 669: 668: 663: 655: 654: 582:Sign conventions 576:supercommutative 558: 556: 555: 550: 541: 540: 539: 531: 526: 518: 477:. Specifically, 462:identity element 444: 442: 441: 436: 434: 426: 418: 410: 402: 391: 345: 276: 274: 273: 268: 266: 265: 247: 246: 237: 236: 202:together with a 198: 196: 195: 190: 188: 187: 175: 174: 103:commutative ring 79:graded manifolds 48:commutative ring 4231: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4220: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4194: 4088: 4005: 3947: 3891: 3877:Coleman–Mandula 3865: 3826:Seiberg duality 3821:Konishi anomaly 3754: 3691: 3645: 3640: 3610: 3605: 3577: 3539: 3523: 3485: 3433: 3399:Poisson algebra 3375: 3257: 3250: 3208: 3104:Operator theory 3002: 2960: 2926:Tensor software 2902: 2851:Automata theory 2820: 2815: 2780: 2754: 2730: 2700: 2681: 2676: 2667: 2660: 2652: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2610: 2609: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2564: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2551: 2488:as a superring 2423: 2415: 2410: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2292: 2245: 2241: 2235: 2231: 2222: 2218: 2212: 2208: 2198: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2137: 2133: 2124: 2120: 2108: 2104: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2056: 2001: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1916: 1869: 1861: 1856: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1790:supercommutator 1785: 1754: 1750: 1727: 1726: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1671: 1644: 1640: 1631: 1627: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1579: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1519: 1508: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1397: 1393: 1384: 1380: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1363: 1357: 1353: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1333: 1314: 1307: 1288:even subalgebra 1273: 1254: 1252:Even subalgebra 1249: 1211: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1085: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1051:The set of all 1006:tensor algebras 988: 971: 946: 942: 931: 928: 927: 910: 906: 895: 892: 891: 862: 858: 838: 835: 834: 812: 809: 808: 792: 789: 788: 760: 757: 756: 740: 737: 736: 720: 717: 716: 707:is the degree ( 680: 677: 676: 638: 634: 614: 611: 610: 592: 584: 535: 527: 522: 514: 513: 509: 489: 486: 485: 430: 422: 414: 406: 398: 387: 385: 382: 381: 359: 352: 341: 328:are said to be 327: 304: 290: 255: 251: 242: 238: 232: 228: 226: 223: 222: 206:multiplication 183: 179: 170: 166: 158: 155: 154: 95: 37: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4229: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4096: 4094: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4015: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3957: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3899: 3897: 3896:Field theories 3893: 3892: 3890: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3791:Superpotential 3788: 3783: 3778: 3776:Supermultiplet 3773: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3701: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3653: 3651: 3650:General topics 3647: 3646: 3639: 3638: 3631: 3624: 3616: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3603: 3590: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3559: 3558: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3447: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3339: 3334: 3333: 3332: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3273: 3262: 3260: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3229: 3218: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3206: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3174: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3120: 3119: 3118: 3108: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3091: 3090: 3089: 3087:Control theory 3084: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3018: 3012: 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2974: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2912: 2910: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2879: 2878: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2847: 2846: 2841: 2830: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2814: 2813: 2806: 2799: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2778: 2759: 2758: 2752: 2735: 2734: 2728: 2705: 2704: 2698: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2674: 2658: 2646: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2459: 2458: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2291: 2288: 2268: 2267: 2256: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2060:tensor product 2055: 2052: 2032: 2031: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1893: 1892: 1881: 1878: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1779: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1734: 1731: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1667: 1661: 1660: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1600: 1599: 1588: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1550: 1547: 1518: 1515: 1506: 1488: 1487: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1414: 1413: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1349: 1331: 1312: 1305: 1271: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1243: 1229: 1203: 1189: 1180:, composed of 1168: 1165: 1162: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1049: 1043: 1032: 1017: 1002:graded algebra 990: 989:to be trivial. 986: 970: 967: 964:Pierre Deligne 949: 945: 941: 938: 935: 913: 909: 905: 902: 899: 888: 887: 876: 873: 868: 865: 861: 857: 854: 851: 848: 845: 842: 819: 816: 796: 776: 773: 770: 767: 764: 744: 724: 696: 693: 690: 687: 684: 673: 672: 661: 658: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 637: 633: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 603:graded algebra 590: 583: 580: 560: 559: 547: 544: 538: 534: 530: 525: 521: 517: 512: 508: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 394: 390: 357: 350: 323: 302: 288: 278: 277: 264: 261: 258: 254: 250: 245: 241: 235: 231: 200: 199: 186: 182: 178: 173: 169: 165: 162: 150:decomposition 115:characteristic 94: 91: 83:supermanifolds 40:graded algebra 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4228: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4011:Superpartners 4008: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3750:Supermanifold 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3687:Supergeometry 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3657:Supersymmetry 3655: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3643:Supersymmetry 3637: 3632: 3630: 3625: 3623: 3618: 3617: 3614: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3544:Organizations 3542: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3519: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3404:Quantum group 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3359:Supersymmetry 3357: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3343: 3342:String theory 3340: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3241:Path integral 3239: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3222:Distributions 3220: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3125: 3124: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3095: 3092: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2988:Combinatorics 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2861:Coding theory 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2835: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2826:Computational 2823: 2819: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2793: 2792: 2789: 2781: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2753:3-540-61378-1 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2699:0-8218-2012-5 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2671: 2665: 2663: 2655: 2650: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2627: 2606: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2590: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2561: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2543:-supermodule 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2509:categorically 2505: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2420: 2407: 2394: 2391: 2385: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2339: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2254: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2213: 2209: 2193: 2189: 2173: 2169: 2155: 2152: 2146: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2018: 2012: 2009: 2006: 1998: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1962: 1956: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1879: 1876: 1866: 1853: 1840: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1800: 1799: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1791: 1766: 1760: 1755: 1747: 1744: 1738: 1729: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1615: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1586: 1576: 1563: 1560: 1554: 1545: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1514: 1512: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1426: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1398: 1394: 1385: 1381: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1336:bilinear form 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1311: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1193:supermatrices 1190: 1187: 1183: 1152: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1082: 1076: 1054: 1053:endomorphisms 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 985: 981: 977: 973: 972: 966: 965: 947: 939: 936: 933: 911: 903: 900: 897: 874: 871: 866: 863: 855: 852: 843: 840: 833: 832: 831: 817: 814: 794: 774: 771: 768: 765: 762: 742: 722: 715:-grading) of 714: 710: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 659: 656: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 631: 628: 619: 616: 609: 608: 607: 604: 600: 596: 589: 579: 577: 573: 569: 565: 545: 542: 532: 519: 506: 503: 497: 494: 491: 484: 483: 482: 480: 476: 475:commutativity 472: 471: 465: 463: 459: 455: 451: 446: 427: 419: 411: 403: 395: 392: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 356: 349: 344: 339: 335: 331: 326: 322: 317: 315: 312: 308: 301: 297: 292: 287: 283: 262: 259: 256: 252: 248: 243: 239: 233: 229: 221: 220: 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 184: 180: 176: 171: 167: 163: 160: 153: 152: 151: 149: 145: 142: 140: 135: 131: 126: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 90: 88: 84: 80: 76: 75:supergeometry 72: 68: 64: 63:supersymmetry 60: 55: 53: 49: 45: 41: 34: 30: 26: 22: 3953:Supergravity 3846:Localization 3836:Witten index 3811:Moduli space 3705:Superalgebra 3704: 3672:Supergravity 3599: / 3595: / 3585: 3461:Optimization 3424:Superalgebra 3423: 3283:Field theory 3256:Mathematical 3234: / 3082:Chaos theory 3065:Gauge theory 2993:Graph theory 2888:Cryptography 2768: 2743: 2740:Manin, Y. I. 2718: 2714:Zelmanov, E. 2689: 2656:, p. 87 2649: 2637: 2625: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2516: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2460: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2315:-supermodule 2312: 2307: 2304:superalgebra 2303: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2269: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2047: 2043: 2035: 2033: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1921: 1913:supercommute 1912: 1911:are said to 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1894: 1794: 1788: 1786: 1685: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1662: 1601: 1529: 1526:automorphism 1520: 1510: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1489: 1415: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1309: 1302: 1300: 1295: 1287: 1283: 1275: 1268: 1261: 1257: 1255: 1236:Lie algebras 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1181: 1150: 1024: 1013: 997: 993: 983: 979: 975: 889: 712: 708: 674: 598: 594: 587: 585: 575: 571: 567: 563: 561: 478: 468: 466: 457: 449: 447: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 354: 347: 342: 337: 333: 329: 324: 320: 318: 313: 299: 295: 293: 285: 279: 215: 211: 207: 201: 143: 138: 133: 130:superalgebra 129: 127: 122: 118: 106: 98: 96: 87:superschemes 67:supermodules 58: 56: 32: 29:superalgebra 28: 18: 4093:Researchers 4079:Stop squark 4044:Graviscalar 4039:Graviphoton 3903:Wess–Zumino 3766:Supercharge 3601:topics list 3535:Mathematics 3451:Game theory 3352:Topological 3318:Topological 3313:Statistical 3276:Hamiltonian 2686:Deligne, P. 2644:, p. 3 2058:The graded 1924:supercenter 454:associative 330:homogeneous 307:graded ring 117:0, such as 57:The prefix 21:mathematics 4205:Categories 4140:Iliopoulos 4084:Superghost 4074:Sgoldstino 4059:Neutralino 3851:Mu problem 3771:R-symmetry 3735:Superspace 3730:Supergroup 3507:Psychology 3471:Statistics 3271:Lagrangian 2898:Statistics 2834:Algorithms 2710:Kac, V. G. 2679:References 2270:If either 1523:involutive 1416:such that 1280:subalgebra 218:such that 148:direct sum 4110:Batchelor 4034:Goldstino 3923:Super QCD 3801:FI D-term 3786:BPS state 3512:Sociology 3502:Chemistry 3298:Effective 3293:Conformal 3288:Classical 3160:Geometric 3133:Geometric 2604:→ 2591:η 2581:→ 2575:⊗ 2562:μ 2440:⋅ 2392:− 2374:⋅ 2350:⋅ 2229:⊗ 2153:− 2131:⊗ 2102:⊗ 2010:∈ 1972:∈ 1838:− 1832:− 1745:− 1733:^ 1718:∈ 1682:2-torsion 1638:− 1619:^ 1561:− 1549:^ 1469:⊗ 1460:μ 1457:⋅ 1445:⋅ 1436:⊗ 1427:μ 1391:→ 1365:⊗ 1348:μ 1266:submodule 1083:≡ 1055:(denoted 853:− 847:↦ 772:⁡ 692:⁡ 629:− 623:↦ 586:When the 504:− 296:superring 249:⊆ 177:⊕ 4211:Algebras 4145:Montonen 4069:Sfermion 4064:R-hadron 4049:Higgsino 4024:Chargino 3913:4D N = 1 3870:Theorems 3759:Concepts 3587:Category 3236:analysis 3155:Exterior 3128:Exterior 3008:Analysis 2970:Discrete 2844:analysis 2766:(2004). 2742:(1997). 2716:(2001). 2513:category 2496:→ 2477:∈ 2465:∈ 2332:→ 2074:⊗ 1490:for all 1317:bimodule 1220:of rank 1151:internal 969:Examples 311:integers 214:→ 204:bilinear 4160:Seiberg 4135:Golfand 4115:Berezin 4100:Affleck 4029:Gaugino 3597:outline 3528:Related 3497:Biology 3347:Bosonic 3308:Quantum 3258:physics 3224: ( 2956:Solvers 2515:of all 2328:× 2320:with a 1680:has no 1334:with a 1327:equips 1292:algebra 210:× 146:with a 141:-module 46:over a 44:algebra 4190:Zumino 4185:Witten 4175:Rogers 4165:Siegel 4105:Bagger 3806:F-term 3796:D-term 3170:Vector 3165:Tensor 3143:Vector 3138:Tensor 2839:design 2776:  2750:  2726:  2696:  2533:monoid 2511:. The 2040:center 1663:where 1498:, and 1308:is an 1264:. The 675:where 456:and a 334:parity 332:. The 282:modulo 59:super- 4170:Roček 4155:Salam 4150:Olive 4130:Gates 4125:Fayet 4019:Axino 3933:NMSSM 3303:Gauge 2630:Notes 2310:is a 2306:over 1676:. If 1294:over 1023:over 1012:over 996:- or 711:- or 597:- or 368:. If 298:, or 136:is a 132:over 111:field 109:is a 101:be a 52:field 31:is a 4180:Wess 4120:Dine 3928:MSSM 2774:ISBN 2748:ISBN 2724:ISBN 2694:ISBN 2668:See 2469:and 2298:Let 2282:and 2066:and 1922:The 1903:and 1787:The 1256:Let 1038:and 1034:The 1008:and 992:Any 926:and 735:and 566:and 380:and 372:and 362:even 97:Let 85:and 27:, a 23:and 4054:LSP 2274:or 2042:of 1926:of 1917:= 0 1915:if 1907:of 1793:on 1502:in 1282:of 1182:all 944:mod 908:mod 769:deg 689:deg 570:of 448:An 366:odd 353:or 121:or 113:of 50:or 19:In 4207:: 2661:^ 2504:. 2481:. 2473:, 2050:. 1938:: 1919:. 1688:: 1513:. 1494:, 1298:. 467:A 445:. 378:xy 316:. 294:A 291:. 128:A 125:. 89:. 81:, 3635:e 3628:t 3621:v 3520:" 3516:" 3228:) 2810:e 2803:t 2796:v 2782:. 2756:. 2732:. 2702:. 2607:A 2601:R 2598:: 2584:A 2578:A 2572:A 2569:: 2545:A 2541:R 2537:R 2529:R 2525:R 2517:R 2502:A 2498:A 2494:R 2490:A 2486:R 2479:A 2475:y 2471:x 2467:R 2463:r 2446:) 2443:y 2437:r 2434:( 2431:x 2425:| 2421:x 2417:| 2412:| 2408:r 2404:| 2399:) 2395:1 2389:( 2386:= 2383:y 2380:) 2377:x 2371:r 2368:( 2365:= 2362:) 2359:y 2356:x 2353:( 2347:r 2334:A 2330:A 2326:A 2322:R 2318:A 2313:R 2308:R 2300:R 2284:B 2280:A 2276:B 2272:A 2255:. 2252:) 2247:2 2243:b 2237:1 2233:b 2224:2 2220:a 2214:1 2210:a 2206:( 2200:| 2194:2 2190:a 2185:| 2180:| 2174:1 2170:b 2165:| 2160:) 2156:1 2150:( 2147:= 2144:) 2139:2 2135:b 2126:2 2122:a 2118:( 2115:) 2110:1 2106:b 2097:1 2093:a 2089:( 2076:B 2072:A 2068:B 2064:A 2048:A 2044:A 2036:A 2019:. 2016:} 2013:A 2007:x 1999:0 1996:= 1993:] 1990:x 1987:, 1984:a 1981:[ 1978:: 1975:A 1969:a 1966:{ 1963:= 1960:) 1957:A 1954:( 1950:Z 1936:A 1932:A 1928:A 1909:A 1905:y 1901:x 1897:A 1880:x 1877:y 1871:| 1867:y 1863:| 1858:| 1854:x 1850:| 1845:) 1841:1 1835:( 1829:y 1826:x 1823:= 1820:] 1817:y 1814:, 1811:x 1808:[ 1795:A 1767:. 1764:} 1761:x 1756:i 1752:) 1748:1 1742:( 1739:= 1730:x 1724:: 1721:A 1715:x 1712:{ 1709:= 1704:i 1700:A 1686:A 1678:A 1674:x 1669:i 1665:x 1646:1 1642:x 1633:0 1629:x 1625:= 1616:x 1587:x 1581:| 1577:x 1573:| 1568:) 1564:1 1558:( 1555:= 1546:x 1511:A 1507:1 1504:A 1500:z 1496:y 1492:x 1475:) 1472:z 1466:y 1463:( 1454:x 1451:= 1448:z 1442:) 1439:y 1433:x 1430:( 1399:0 1395:A 1386:1 1382:A 1374:0 1370:A 1359:1 1355:A 1351:: 1332:1 1329:A 1325:A 1321:A 1315:- 1313:0 1310:A 1306:1 1303:A 1296:K 1284:A 1276:A 1272:0 1269:A 1262:K 1258:A 1226:q 1224:| 1222:p 1218:K 1214:K 1212:( 1209:q 1207:| 1205:p 1201:M 1197:K 1167:m 1164:o 1161:H 1136:m 1133:o 1130:H 1109:) 1106:V 1103:, 1100:V 1097:( 1093:m 1090:o 1087:H 1080:) 1077:V 1074:( 1070:d 1067:n 1064:E 1031:. 1025:K 1016:. 1014:K 1000:- 998:N 994:Z 987:1 984:A 980:K 976:K 948:2 940:n 937:= 934:q 912:2 904:m 901:= 898:p 875:x 872:y 867:q 864:p 860:) 856:1 850:( 844:y 841:x 818:. 815:q 795:y 775:y 766:= 763:n 743:p 723:x 713:N 709:Z 695:x 686:= 683:m 660:x 657:y 652:q 649:p 646:+ 643:n 640:m 636:) 632:1 626:( 620:y 617:x 601:- 599:N 595:Z 591:2 588:Z 572:A 568:y 564:x 546:y 543:x 537:| 533:y 529:| 524:| 520:x 516:| 511:) 507:1 501:( 498:= 495:x 492:y 479:A 432:| 428:y 424:| 420:+ 416:| 412:x 408:| 404:= 400:| 396:y 393:x 389:| 374:y 370:x 358:1 355:A 351:0 348:A 343:x 338:x 325:i 321:A 314:Z 305:- 303:2 300:Z 289:2 286:Z 263:j 260:+ 257:i 253:A 244:j 240:A 234:i 230:A 216:A 212:A 208:A 185:1 181:A 172:0 168:A 164:= 161:A 144:A 139:K 134:K 123:C 119:R 107:K 99:K 38:- 36:2 33:Z

Index

mathematics
theoretical physics
graded algebra
algebra
commutative ring
field
supersymmetry
supermodules
super linear algebra
supergeometry
graded manifolds
supermanifolds
superschemes
commutative ring
field
characteristic
K-module
direct sum
bilinear
modulo
graded ring
integers
associative
identity element
commutative superalgebra
commutativity
graded algebra
Pierre Deligne
graded algebra
tensor algebras

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑