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depression and the New Deal became an opportunity for nutrition reformers to shape food and nutrition policy. "In fact, the
National School Lunch Program created in 1946 bore only slight resemblance to the goals of nutrition scientists and home economists. The program was, in its goals, structure and administration, more a subsidy for agriculture than a nutrition program for children. Indeed, the political will to forge a national school lunch program came not from the New Deal social welfare coalition but rather from the Department of Agriculture and a group of southern Democratic legislators who generally opposed federal social programs."
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142:. Today, the SFSP is the largest federal resource available for local sponsors who want to combine a child nutrition program with a summer activity program. Sponsors can be public or private groups, such as non-profit organizations, government entities, churches, universities, and camps. The government reimburses sponsors for the food at a set rate. There are still communities that have not created a Summer Food Service Program in their community. For those individuals that want to help ensure children have meals during the summer, they can get more information from the
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186:. Farmers were producing abundant crops, but no one could afford to buy them. Men and women could not come up with the money to feed their families. Some items are brought to the policy agenda by events that simply demand immediate attention. Faced with struggling farmers and hungry children, the federal government began providing funding in 1935 to purchase farm products to provide school lunches.
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232:: The legislation came in response to claims that many American men had been rejected from World War II military service because of diet-related health problems. The federally assisted meal program was established as a measure of national security, to safeguard the health and well-being of the Nation's children and encourage domestic consumption of nutritious agricultural commodities.
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and advance payments were made to help sponsors defray the costs of planning and organizing. The Summer Food
Service Program has undergone numerous amendments of its own since its conception in 1975. In 1981, “poor economic conditions” was expanded to fifty-percent of the children who qualify for free and reduced price meals, were eligible to participate. In 1994, under the
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served free to any child at the open site. Enrolled sites provide free meals to children enrolled in an activity program at the site where at least half of them are eligible for free and reduced-price meals. Camps may also participate in SFSP. They receive payments only for the meals served to children who are eligible for free and reduced-price meals.
246:, “the 3 year pilot provided grants to States to help provide meals for children when school was not in session.” Under the umbrella of the Special Food Service Program were two categories: Summer and Child Care. In 1975, the original National School Lunch Act was further amended to establish the two categories as their own separate programs.
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SFSP is run by approved sponsors, including school districts, local government agencies, camps, or private nonprofit organizations. Sponsors provide free meals to a group of children at a central site, such as a school or a community center. They receive payments from USDA, through their State agencies, for the meals they serve.
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At the time
Russell was a senator from Georgia who was concerned with the small town farmer and had a sincere passion for agriculture. Additionally, Russell was deeply committed to matters of national defense, as he served as chair of the Armed Services Committee for sixteen years. In order to insure
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The history of school lunch policies and politics took many years to come to fruition. Like any other policy created, this is a complex web of details pieced together by individuals with a plethora of different interests. "One set of major players includes nutrition reformers – education, health, and
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Children 18 and younger may receive free meals and snacks through SFSP. Meals and snacks are also available to persons with disabilities, over age 18, who participate in school programs for people who are mentally or physically disabled. At most sites, children receive either one or two reimbursable
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officials who created the institutional infrastructure for a national school lunch program. These groups, together with political leaders responding to the demands and interests of their constituents as well as to the popular appeal of children’s health, shaped national food and nutrition policies."
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The school lunch coalition proved remarkably effective. Unwilling to appear unsympathetic to children's health, particularly as the nation was mobilizing for war, congress quickly voted to continue appropriations for school lunches. Indeed, by an overwhelming margin, Congress actually increased the
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The Food and
Nutrition Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, administers SFSP at the Federal level. State education agencies administer the program in most States. In some areas, the State health or social service department or an FNS regional office may be designated. Locally,
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The original requirements of the SFSP included residential summer camps and sites serving areas of poor economic conditions, where at least one-third of the children who qualify for free and reduced price meals, were eligible to participate. All meals were reimbursed at a single rate, and start up
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did exactly resemble what many had hoped it would. In the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century the science of nutrition was struggling to find its place in
American culture. The general public did not broadly accept the importance of healthy eating and living. However, the economic
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School lunch politics were not created solely to ensure that
America's children receive healthy and nutritious meals. School lunch policies also have to do with agriculture and farmers. "School lunch is, surely, rooted in the science of nutrition and ideas about healthy diets, but those ideas have
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States approve SFSP meal sites as open, enrolled, or camp sites. Open sites operate in low-income areas where at least half of the children come from families with incomes at or below 185 percent of the
Federal poverty level, making them eligible for free and reduced-price school meals. Meals are
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The SFSP is the largest
Federal resource available for local sponsors who want to combine a child nutrition program with a summer activity program. Groups allowed to participate in SFSP include public and private non-profit groups, government entities, private non-profit organizations, public and
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President Truman explained in his statement upon signing the NSLA, that “in the long view, no nation is any healthier than its children or more prosperous than its farmers; and in the
National School Lunch Act, the Congress has contributed immeasurably both to the welfare of our farmers and the
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Congress appropriated $ 398 million for SFSP in FY 2012. By comparison, the program cost $ 110.1 million in 1980; $ 163.3 million in 1990; $ 267.2 million in 2000; and $ 327.4 million in 2008. More than 2.28 million children participated at almost 39,000 sites in the summer of 2012.
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of 2004, the USDA and
Congress ramped up their efforts to increase participation in the SFSP. The simplified the application process for families and schools and also included transportation grants to help sponsors access children in rural areas.
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a powerful national defense, Russell understood it would begin with strong, healthy children. Russell seized the opportunity to improve national defense and support agriculture by authoring the nation's most popular social welfare program.
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never been sufficient on their own to shape public policy. School lunch, like other aspects of public policy, has been shaped by the larger forces of politics and power in American history."
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becomes prevalent amongst school-aged children. The Summer Food Service Program helps alleviate the nutritional gap and makes meals accessible to all children less than 18 years of age.
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In 1942 Congress was creating their budget, but because of World War II federal money for welfare programs were threatened. It was then that Senator Russell and individuals, such as,
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During the school year a large number of children in the United States receive free and reduced-lunches through their school lunch programs. However, when the school year ends
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key welfare professionals, mainly women – who struggled mightily to translate nutrition science into public policy. Another set of player includes farm-bloc legislators and
261:, it allowed SFSP to function at non-school locations when there were emergency school closures. In 2004, childhood obesity was an emerging issue. As a result, under the
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201:(chairman of the Coordinating Committee on School Lunches) started rallying their troops and “launched an effort to save the school lunch program”.
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meals each day. Camps and sites that primarily serve migrant children may be approved to serve up to three meals to each child, each day.
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426:"Commodity Foods and Nutritional Quality of the National School Lunch Program:Historical Role, Current Operation, and Future Potential"
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Units of local government, camps, schools, and private nonprofit organizations can sponsor the SFSP.
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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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private non-profit camps and public and private non-profit universities and colleges.
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The relationship between hungry children and struggling farmers began during the
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Outreach and Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers
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At the forefront of the National School Lunch Act is its namesake –
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was created as an amendment to the NSLA in 1968. According to the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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488:"Summer Food Service Program (SFSP): Frequently Asked Questions"
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Federal program reimbursing organizations for children's meals
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about the COVID-19 response and Seamless Summer Option.
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Single Family Housing Direct Home Loans (Section 502)
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384:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
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346:"Programs and Services: Food and Nutrition Service"
719:Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant
449:School Nutrition Association (October 22, 2012).
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698:Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations
397:"Government and Politics: Richard B. Russell Jr"
464:Peters, Gerhard; Wooley, Peter (June 4, 1946).
348:. US Department of Agriculture. March 26, 2018.
316:"'Champs On Wheels' feeding kids healthy meals"
486:US Department of Agriculture (June 16, 2016).
395:The New Georgia Encyclopedia (June 24, 2005).
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240:The Special Food Service Program for Children
565:social welfare programs in the United States
412:Public Administration: An Action Orientation
263:Child Nutrition and WIC re-authorization Act
138:) began in 1968. It was an amendment to the
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410:Denhardt, Janet; Denhardt, Robert (2009).
893:School meal programs in the United States
841:Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program
663:School meal programs in the United States
643:Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
228:(NSLA), Public Law 396. According to the
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579:Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
259:Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act
36:instructions, advice, or how-to content
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414:(6th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.
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638:Commodity Supplemental Food Program
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673:Farmers' Market Nutrition Program
653:Child and Adult Care Food Program
324:. The E.W. Scripps Co. 2017-06-13
524:"Summer Food Assistance Program"
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431:. September 2008. Archived from
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589:Supplemental Security Income
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236:health of our children.”
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140:National School Lunch Act
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668:School Breakfast Program
126:' summer feeding program
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754:Grants & subsidies
599:Unemployment insurance
438:on September 18, 2015.
380:Levine, Susan (2008).
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522:USDA (April 2013).
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51:Wikiversity
862:California
328:2019-02-22
303:References
59:Wikivoyage
707:Education
99:talk page
55:Wikibooks
34:contains
887:Category
867:New York
846:Lifeline
740:Medicaid
735:Medicare
107:May 2021
67:May 2014
806:HOPE VI
321:WFTX-TV
49:it to
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244:USDA
189:The
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