332:, albeit mostly nominally. In reality, his governors ruled freely. The provinces were in disarray due to ceaseless war, famine, plague, and oppression by the Aq Qoyunlu dignitaries. Ismail reminded Sultan Murad of the common lineage that the Safavids and Aq Qoyunlu shared, and offered him part of Persian Iraq in exchange for compliance, or war would occur.
29:
290:
enthroned in Tabriz. After Ayban-Sultan was killed in a battle in May–June 1499 with the Aq
Qoyunlu prince Muhammadi, Sultan Murad was freed by Ayban-Sultan's brother Güzel Ahmad Bayandur (who govnered Maragha) and cousin Farrukhsad. Together, they fled to Qasim Beg Purnak in the southern Iranian
267:, Sultan Murad (who was 7 years old at that time) was summoned by the rebel commanders Ayba-Sultan Bayandur and Qasim Beg Purnak, who wanted to make him the figurehead of their government. When the news reached the Aq Qoyunlu ruler
345:(supreme commander) Güzel Ahmad. Ismail soon invaded Fars, capturing Shiraz on 24 September 1503 and entrusting it to Elyas Beg Dhu'l-Qadar, whose family would occupy the office for almost 50 years.
282:
to welcome Sultan Murad, he was met by opposition by his officers, whom he subsequently expelled. He then dislodged Sultan Murad's
Shirvani escort, and had the latter imprisoned in a fortress near
369:
soldiers at the end of 1514. In the words of the 16th-century
Safavid chronicler Qazi Ahmad Qomi, after Sultan Murad's death "the line of the Aq Qoyunlu sultans was severed."
28:
381:, Beglu Khatun: Hasan and Ya'qub, but nothing is known about them. He also had a daughter, Jan Agha Khanum, who would eventually marry the Safavid governor-general of
286:. In order to strengthen his position more, Ayban-Sultan married Sultan Murad's mother. He now became the strongest person in the Aq Qoyunlu realm once again, and had
335:
Although some of Murad's men advocated peace, the latter marched towards Ismail (whose army totalled 12,000) at head of 70,000 men, but was defeated near the city of
727:
828:
547:
684:
275:, where the forces of Ayba-Sultan Bayandur and Qasim Beg Purnak defeated the numerically superior army of Ahmad Beg, who was killed.
823:
609:
271:(r. 1497), he raised a large army and marched towards the rebels. On 13–14 December 1497, a battle ensured near the city of
598:
677:
693:
670:
541:
584:
349:, Fars, and most of Persian Iraq was now under Safavid rule, while the Timurid rebel and ruler of
767:
353:, Muhammad Husayn Mirza, had made an alliance with Ismail. Meanwhile, Murad fled to the city of
529:
735:
377:
Sultan Murad was survived by several of his offsprings. He had two sons with the daughter of
838:
833:
719:
390:
378:
612:. In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Stewart, Denis J. (eds.).
8:
662:
572:
594:
576:
346:
139:
38:
759:
564:
382:
239:
156:
588:
386:
568:
817:
751:
341:
296:
292:
253:
652:
329:
312:
198:
94:
555:
Savory, Roger M. (1965). "The
Consolidation of Safawid power in Persia".
250:
174:
791:
775:
743:
711:
697:
637:
362:
354:
287:
278:
In the spring of 1498, while Ayba-Sultan was on his way to the capital
215:
194:
124:
61:
402:
783:
626:
366:
350:
268:
219:
79:
647:
318:
204:
89:
34:
336:
283:
272:
264:
42:
633:
300:
279:
236:
190:
57:
593:(Revised and Expanded ed.). University of Utah Press.
358:
328:) contacted Sultan Murad, who was in control over Fars and
315:
201:
120:
692:
467:
465:
438:
414:
534:
Encyclopædia
Iranica, online edition, Vol. II, Fasc. 2
496:
494:
492:
477:
462:
230:
489:
450:
426:
197:from 1497 to 1508. After losing his kingdom to the
218:, where he was eventually killed by Shah Ismail's
506:
815:
249:) and Gawhar-Sultan Khanum, the daughter of the
678:
527:
339:on 21 June 1503, losing 10,000 men and his
685:
671:
590:The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire
546:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
27:
306:
829:16th-century monarchs in the Middle East
816:
607:
554:
512:
483:
471:
666:
583:
500:
456:
444:
432:
420:
408:
189:) (persian: سلطان مراد) was the last
385:and guardian of the Safavid prince
311:In the winter of 1502 or 1503, the
299:governor of the provincial capital
13:
411:, pp. 149–150, 270 (note 32).
303:and installed Sultan Murad there.
14:
850:
231:Civil war in the Aq Qoyunlu realm
295:. They subsequently deposed the
357:, and would later be killed in
323:
258:
244:
209:
37:, before Sultan Murad. Made by
824:15th-century Aq Qoyunlu rulers
235:Born in 1483, he was a son of
33:The envoy Qanbar Aqa, sent by
1:
616:. Vol. III. E. J. Brill.
536:. New York. pp. 163–168.
396:
222:soldiers at the end of 1514.
46:
608:Venzke, Margaret L. (2017).
372:
7:
10:
855:
528:Quiring-Zoche, R. (1986).
521:
707:
644:
631:
623:
569:10.1515/islm.1965.41.1.71
170:
162:
152:
138:
130:
114:
106:
102:
85:
75:
67:
56:
26:
21:
225:
614:Encyclopaedia of Islam
307:War with Shah Ismail I
563:. De Gruyter: 71–94.
391:Ali-Qoli Khan Shamlu
379:Ala al-Dawla Bozkurt
166:Gawhar-Sultan Khanum
447:, pp. 160–161.
423:, pp. 158–159.
811:
810:
804:
796:
788:
780:
772:
764:
756:
748:
740:
732:
724:
716:
702:
661:
660:
656:
645:Succeeded by
542:cite encyclopedia
486:, pp. 72–73.
474:, pp. 71–72.
365:by Shah Ismail's
180:
179:
98:
846:
802:
794:
786:
778:
770:
762:
754:
746:
738:
730:
722:
714:
700:
687:
680:
673:
664:
663:
650:
642:1497–1508
624:Preceded by
621:
620:
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504:
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436:
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418:
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406:
327:
326: 1501–1524
325:
262:
261: 1465–1500
260:
248:
247: 1478–1490
246:
213:
212: 1501–1524
211:
92:
51:
48:
31:
19:
18:
16:Aq Qoyunlu ruler
854:
853:
849:
848:
847:
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813:
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703:
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455:
451:
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407:
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375:
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309:
263:). Residing in
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233:
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208:
148:Jan Agha Khanum
147:
145:
119:
52:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
852:
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831:
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600:978-0874805659
599:
585:Woods, John E.
581:
552:
523:
520:
518:
517:
505:
503:, p. 166.
488:
476:
461:
459:, p. 161.
449:
437:
435:, p. 159.
425:
413:
400:
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395:
374:
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308:
305:
232:
229:
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214:), he fled to
185:(also spelled
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150:
149:
142:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
118:1514 (aged 24)
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83:
82:
77:
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54:
53:
39:Mo'en Mosavver
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
851:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
819:
801:
798:
795:(1497–1504/5)
793:
790:
785:
782:
777:
774:
769:
766:
761:
758:
753:
752:Sultan-Khalil
750:
745:
742:
737:
734:
729:
726:
721:
718:
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468:
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453:
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429:
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417:
410:
405:
401:
394:
393:(died 1589).
392:
388:
384:
380:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:
342:amir al-umara
338:
333:
331:
320:
317:
314:
304:
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
255:
254:Farrukh Yasar
252:
241:
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59:
55:
44:
40:
36:
35:Shah Ismail I
30:
25:
20:
800:Sultan Murad
799:
653:Safavid Iran
632:
613:
589:
560:
556:
533:
530:"Āq Qoyunlū"
508:
479:
452:
440:
428:
416:
404:
376:
340:
334:
330:Persian Iraq
310:
277:
234:
187:Sultan-Murad
186:
183:Sultan Murad
182:
181:
134:Beglu Khatun
95:Safavid Iran
22:Sultan Murad
839:1514 deaths
834:1483 births
803:(1497–1508)
779:(1492–1497)
771:(1490–1493)
763:(1478–1490)
747:(1457–1478)
739:(1444–1457)
731:(1438–1444)
723:(1435–1438)
715:(1378–1435)
701:(1378–1514)
513:Venzke 2017
484:Savory 1965
472:Savory 1965
251:Shirvanshah
175:Sunni Islam
76:Predecessor
50: 1670
818:Categories
792:Alvand Beg
776:Rustam Beg
768:Baysunghur
760:Ya'qub Beg
744:Uzun Hasan
712:Uthman Beg
698:Aq Qoyunlu
638:Aq Qoyunlu
610:"Dulkadir"
557:Jahresband
501:Woods 1999
457:Woods 1999
445:Woods 1999
433:Woods 1999
421:Woods 1999
409:Woods 1999
397:References
363:Diyar Bakr
347:Azerbaijan
291:region of
288:Alvand Beg
240:Ya'qub Beg
216:Diyar Bakr
195:Aq Qoyunlu
157:Ya'qub Beg
125:Diyar Bakr
62:Aq Qoyunlu
784:Ahmad Beg
728:Hamza Beg
627:Ahmad Beg
577:161679360
373:Offspring
367:Qizilbash
351:Astarabad
269:Ahmad Beg
220:Qizilbash
86:Successor
80:Ahmad Beg
71:1497–1508
736:Jahangir
648:Ismail I
587:(1999).
383:Khorasan
319:Ismail I
205:Ismail I
171:Religion
90:Ismail I
720:Ali Beg
696:of the
694:Leaders
636:of the
522:Sources
355:Mar'ash
337:Hamadan
313:Safavid
284:Maragha
273:Isfahan
265:Shirvan
199:Safavid
193:of the
60:of the
43:Isfahan
787:(1497)
755:(1478)
634:Sultan
597:
575:
301:Shiraz
297:Afshar
280:Tabriz
237:Sultan
191:sultan
163:Mother
153:Father
146:Ya'qub
131:Spouse
58:Sultan
573:S2CID
387:Abbas
226:Reign
144:Hasan
140:Issue
68:Reign
595:ISBN
548:link
359:Ruha
316:Shah
293:Fars
202:Shah
121:Ruha
115:Died
110:1483
107:Born
565:doi
820::
571:.
561:40
559:.
544:}}
540:{{
532:.
491:^
464:^
389:,
361:,
324:r.
259:r.
245:r.
210:r.
123:,
47:c.
45:,
41:,
686:e
679:t
672:v
655:)
651:(
603:.
579:.
567::
550:)
515:.
321:(
256:(
242:(
207:(
97:)
93:(
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