Sulla's proscription

102: 295: 499:(80–72) can partially be explained by the impossibility for its proscribed leaders to recover their former status at Rome. Sertorius was finally murdered in 72/73 BC by his fellow proscribed, who were later all executed by Pompey, except Aufidius, who had likely made a deal with him. Aufidius was nevertheless not rehabilitated and died in misery in a Spanish town. Other proscribed fled to Mithridates, which explains the contacts between the king and Sertorius. Many of them died at the 3632: 66:, the two tiers of the Roman aristocracy. The lists contained 520 names, of which 75 are known. Those on the lists had their lives and property forfeit; rewards were given to those who assassinated the victims. Several henchmen, as well prominent politicians who supported Sulla, massively profited from the proscription, collecting bounties and receiving seized properties at concessionary prices. 243:, where he murdered four proscribed municipal councillors. The councillors were also Oppianicus' personal enemies, whose names he likely suggested to Sulla, who agreed to their proscription as they had been elected under the Marians. Apparently, Sulla was easily persuaded by his supporters to add new names on his lists. Romans of lower rank and foreigners were also prosecuted in many 398:(who was not proscribed and only summoned for interrogation). According to Plutarch, Caesar escaped with a bribe of 48,000 sesterces, the reward for a proscribed person's head. Such bribes were a quick source of wealth for Sulla's freedmen. It seems that Caesar's propaganda later exaggerated his hardships during the proscription. 470:

Many victims of the proscription were caught because of their wealth rather than their political background, as Sulla expected rich men to produce swift and demonstrative proofs of allegiance. When failing to do so, their wealth made them easy targets for Sulla. Marius had done the same in 87 when he

362:. The main goal of the decapitation and mutilations was to further humiliate the victims beyond death, as Romans believed that physical integrity was necessary for afterlife. Burial was forbidden for the same reason; the proscription edict may have contained a clause denying burial for the victims. 1719:

Successful general in Spain between 97 and 93. Having served under Gaius Marius for a time, he declared for the Cinna-Marian faction in 87 due to Sulla's hostility to him. Left to Spain in 83, where he took command of the resistance against Rome, until his murder in 73/72 by Perperna and his other

401:

Apart from Sulla's freedmen, many Roman citizens made fortunes thanks to the proscription. A former centurion named Lucius Luscius received 144,000 sesterces for three proscribed heads, which grew to a fortune of 10 million sesterces by 64 thanks to shrewd investments. Among major politicians,

559:

put forward several ambitious bills, including one to restore the political rights of proscribed's sons and another on an agrarian reform. Cicero, one of the consuls for 63, decisively fought the bills by focusing on the agrarian reform, which was the easiest to attack. Its abandon led to the

543:

remained in place. The law also allowed descendants of proscribed to return to Rome, but it deprived them from most of their political rights: they could not run for offices or even launch a judicial accusation. Therefore, the purpose of the law was to alleviate the living conditions of the

224:

and active Marians. Almost every magistrate elected since Sulla's departure from Italy in 88 was targeted. A second list counting 440 names was published in two equal parts on 5 and 6 November. The lists were personally composed by Sulla and definitive. Nobody could be struck off the lists.

564:

of 70, was that the former proscribed would take their revenge against their enemies and that would cause chaos in the Republic. The failure of the amnesty law closed any hope of rehabilitation for the proscribed and their descendants. It explains why some of them were involved in the

306:) displayed on the forum and possibly read by a herald. Full immunity was granted to anybody killing someone on the list. In addition, people who assisted proscribed ones were also put to death, but they were not in turn inscribed on the proscription list. A large reward of 48,000 278:, an edict was terminated at the end of the magistrate's mandate). The law listed again the names of the proscribed mentioned in the edict, but also covered all the people labelled enemies of the Republic, not just the proscribed, and organised the sale of their properties. The 450:, and Quintus Titinius probably profited from the proscription because of their influence in the 70s. Sulla's relatives likewise took a large share of the proscribed's properties, which were sold well under their real value, or sometimes offered by Sulla. His daughter 555:, but their action appears limited. Only minor figures such as L. Luscius and L. Bellienus were condemned. Although accused, Catilina was acquitted, probably because he was ranked too high among former supporters of Sulla. The following year, the tribune of the plebs 349:

and even the proscribed ex-consul Gnaeus Papirius Carbo. The place of execution was near the Servilius Lacus, a fountain on the Forum, where some heads were also displayed. Headless corpses were sometimes mutilated, then dragged by a hook and thrown in the river

479:

Several men survived the proscription, thanks to bribes or help from Sulla's lieutenants, sometimes from Sulla himself. For instance, although fourth on the list and unrepentant, the consul for 83, Scipio Asiagenus, was allowed to go into exile to

232:

were more numerous than senators, even though more names of the latter group have survived. Proscription lists were copied and sent to the rest of Italy to purge municipal administrations from the equites that opposed Sulla. Cicero, in his speech

250:

Nevertheless, the proscription limited the repression, because the names of Sulla's enemies were clearly listed, which avoided the risk of a general massacre. Ancient writers consider that this limitation was imposed on Sulla by some senators;

484:, where he was still alive in 57. He owed his life to his illustrious lineage, as Sulla did not want to kill such a prestigious name. The difference is striking with Scipio's former consular colleague Gaius Norbanus, who had fled to 1557:

Three times consul (85, 84, 82). He was the leader of the Marians after the death of Cinna in 84. After his defeat, he fled to Sicily, but was caught by Pompey in the end of 82, who beheaded him. He was first on the list.

967:

in 78, he joined Sertorius. Brother-in-law of Caesar, he was rehabilitated in 49; he became praetor in 44 thanks to Caesar, but married Pompey's daughter and supported Caesar's murderers. He was proscribed again in 43.

1892:

A Gaius Vibius Pansa was tribune of the plebs in 51. Therefore either the proscribed of 82 was another man, or he escaped the ban on magistracy through adoption by a Caetronius (hence the cognomen of the consul of 43

69:

The proscription was just one element of the repression organised by Sulla against his enemies. Sulla concurrently ordered many show trials, summary executions, confiscations of property, and even the massacre of the

365:

Sulla systematically confiscated the properties of his enemies, even before the beginning of the proscription. People hit by this punishment, even though they were not on the proscription list, were simply labelled

314:) was offered for the head of a proscribed man, while informants also received compensation. Slaves who murdered their proscribed master were likewise rewarded with manumission. Rewards were given publicly by the 200:. It comprised 80 names, made of the most important of Sulla's enemies sorted by rank. The four remaining Marians of consular rank were listed first, including the consuls for 82. The first name on the list was 530:

was passed by a tribune of the plebs named Plautius with the support of Julius Caesar, who was the brother-in-law of the younger Cinna. It probably contained an amnesty for the supporters of the rebellions of

466:

reaches the sum of 1.88 billion sesterces. C. F. Konrad considers that the wealth transfers that followed the proscription were "the most radical redistribution of property in Roman history – to that point".

1616:

Nephew of Marcus Perperna, he followed him and joined Sertorius. His uncle killed him after the murder of Sertorius in 72. He was possibly the son of the praetor's sister; if so, he had a different name.

410:

was so outrageous that even Sulla refused to confer him political positions in Rome. Crassus' new wealth enabled him to have a very successful career; he joined the three-way alliance later called the

196:

The following day, Sulla countered his failure in the senate by calling a popular assembly, which approved the proscription. A first list of proscribed was immediately published under the form of an

337:

where orators spoke. Some victims were also brought alive to Sulla and beheaded in an official manner with an axe, as with captured barbarians. Sulla had himself performed such executions in

329:

Proscribed men were usually beheaded, because rewards were only given for severed heads. The head of the most prominent of Sulla's enemies were paraded in the streets, then displayed on the

1002:

Natural son of Lepidus, the consul of 77, he was adopted by Scipio, the consul of 83. Left alive with Scipio in 82, he followed Lepidus in the revolt of 77, but was captured and executed.

150:

under favourable terms for Pontus. In 83, he came back to Italy to fight the Cinna-Marian faction (Marius and Cinna had died in 86 and 84, respectively), whom he decisively defeated at

193:, who would have been limited by the scope of the proscription. Indeed, the victims would have been named in the law, preventing men like Crassus from launching indiscriminate purges. 1939:

Sums in denarii have been converted to sesterces for consistency (at a rate of 1 denarius for 4 sesterces), as ancient and modern sources interchangeably use sesterces, denarii, or

1236:

Praetor in 88, he opposed Sulla during his March on Rome, who then declared him public enemy. He commanded a fleet in 82, but cornered by the Pompeian fleet he committed suicide.

154:

on 1 November 82. While Sulla did not bear grudge against men who had served under Cinna but joined him when he returned, he would be merciless against his unrepentant enemies.

146:

against the Senate and then controlled politics of the Republic for several years. Meanwhile, Sulla won several victories in Greece against Mithridates and rapidly concluded a

458:

at the discount price of 300,000 sesterces and sold it soon after to Lucullus for 2,000,800 sesterces. From this figure of a 85% discount on the proscribed's properties,

604:

nevertheless did not restore their properties, because it would have made Caesar's own acquisitions during the civil war challengeable later. Instead, Caesar gave the

1252:

Tribune of the plebs in 83, he continued the fight in Gaul like Sertorius in Spain. He rallied with Lepidus in 78, but was captured by Pompey in 77 and put to death.

3457: 3452: 1268:

An extreme Marian, he was Praetor urbanus in 83 and commanded armies against Sulla in Pompey. He was captured after the battle of the Colline Gate and executed.

3397: 3109: 1602:, he refused to rally Sulla. He later joined Lepidus, then Sertorius. In 72, he organised the murder of Sertorius, but he was captured and executed by Pompey. 623:

had been proscribed like two other members of his family, Brutus was able to start his political career without hindrance in the 50s thanks to his adoption by

624: 3414: 3559: 973: 213: 382:

were freedmen, because when Sulla captured his enemies' slaves, he often granted manumission to the ablest ones, who became his loyal henchmen.

414:

in 59. Although ancient sources are mostly silent on wealth transfers during the proscription, one of the wealthiest men of the Republic like

3669: 157:

Initially, Sulla wanted to obtain a vote from the senate on his proscription, but during the session that took place on 2 November 82 in the

55: 462:

inferred that the overall change of wealth that followed the proscription amounted to 2.3 billion sesterces. With a different calculation,

3102: 2217:, pp. 51, 52, 75, 84–86. The sale of properties was a way for Sulla to target his enemies who were already dead before his victory in 82. 419: 2373:

Marshall, "Catilina and the Execution of M. Marius Gratidianus", pp. 132, 133, thinks that Gratidianus was actually murdered by Catulus.

3292: 415: 110: 3462: 298:

Etching of S.D. Mirys (c.1799), depicting Quintus Aurelius about to be murdered after he has found his name on the proscription list.

3488: 1071: 1063: 581: 731: 89:, but were mostly unsuccessful. Their full rehabilitation only took place in 49 BC, after Caesar took control of Rome during his 3684: 3674: 964: 948: 635: 532: 511: 447: 510:

Only six proscribed still alive after 72 are known: Scipio, Aufidius, Aulus Trebonius, Gnaeus Decidius, Lucius Fidustius, and

3390: 1520: 585: 435: 1546: 1310:

Perhaps quaestor, he followed Sertorius in Spain. He died in battle against Gaius Annius sent by Sulla to fight Sertorius.

1241: 431: 256: 201: 560:

withdrawal of the other bills. Cicero's main argument against an amnesty law, which he had already developed against the

646:

Hinard has recovered the names of 75 out of the over 520 men who were proscribed, including 51 senators and 24 knights.

185:, and whose shouts could probably be heard by senators. Sulla's bill was opposed by both moderate senators, such as the 3084: 1703:

Brother of Catilina, who placed him on the proscription list. Perhaps a confusion with the story of Quintus Caecilius.

576:(descendants of proscribed) were present in the circle of Julius Caesar, such as the younger Cinna, the future consuls 3152: 3138: 3121: 3070: 3038: 3021: 2244: 1388: 1124:

Public enemy in 88 with Marius, he was possibly proscribed by Sulla, as his probable son only became quaestor in 46.

3063:

Rome, la dernière république, Recueil d'articles de François Hinard, textes réunis et présentés par Estelle Bertrand

1788:

Trebonius survived, because he could not inherit when his brother Publius (who had not been proscribed) died in 75.

1760:

in 89, or the quaestor (son of Publius) of Gaius Annius in 82. Part of Sertorius' murder in 72,executed soon after.

1647:

Samnite general during the Social War, during which he fought Sulla. Captured in 82, he was beheaded with Carrinas.

988:, where he was still alive in 57. He was probably spared because of his illustrious family. He was 4th in the list. 3075:

C. F. Konrad, "From the Gracchi to the First Civil War (133–70)" in Nathan Rosenstein & Robert Morstein-Marx,

1455:, seven times consul. Elected consul in 82, he died in Praeneste while besieged by Sulla. He was 2nd on the list. 3377: 3340: 3214: 1894: 1257: 628: 589: 427: 3664: 3335: 3177: 3056: 1809: 1599: 1400: 888: 600:—to restore the political rights of the proscribed's sons, especially their right to run for magistracies. The 504: 247:

throughout Italy and the provinces, often over futile charges, but they were not part of Sulla's proscription.

3679: 627:

in 59, because he was technically no longer the son of a proscribed. Likewise, the father of the consul of 43

101: 3532: 3009: 1485:

Murdered by Catilina. His name is uncertain, he could also have been Nonius, Mannius, Ninnius, or Fannius.

387: 59: 1156:

Tribune of the plebs in 88, he was opposed to Sulla. He fled to Sertorius and was killed by Pompey in the

3483: 3297: 749: 451: 130:. The next year, after his consulship, Sulla left Italy for Greece in order to fight against the king of 495:, a prominent Marian general who had continued the resistance against Sulla in Spain. The length of the 3345: 1177: 903: 423: 151: 43: 1661:

Younger brother of the Samnite leader, he was with the younger Marius in Praeneste and died with him.

3424: 3383: 3264: 1833: 1575: 1460: 500: 359: 274:

which retroactively legalised the proscription and made the dispositions of the edict permanent (in

3103:

Figures de l'histoire de la République romaine accompagnées d'un précis historique, première partie

1793: 1505:, but committed suicide when Sulla demanded his capture from the Rhodians. He was 3rd on the list. 1440: 1157: 556: 264: 205: 3613: 3595: 3467: 1587: 577: 566: 403: 190: 158: 85:. Several attempts were made to rehabilitate the proscribed and their descendants, especially by 514:(the son of Cinna). The latter two were notably proscribed again during the proscription of the 3571: 3325: 3268: 3248: 1825: 1821: 1757: 1471:

Nephew of Gaius Marius. Praetor in 85 and 82, he was tortured to death by Catilina or Catulus.

960: 544:

proscribed and their family, but also to prevent them from taking their revenge in the courts.

439: 139: 135: 51: 3607: 3447: 3284: 3274: 899: 338: 90: 54:, who had declared him a public enemy in 88 BC. After having obtained a positive vote from a 1082:

He married Cinna's daughter. Pompey probably murdered him after he lost a battle in Africa.

3330: 3317: 3302: 1563: 1110:

He survived the first proscription, but was proscribed again in 43 by Antony and murdered.

620: 616: 221: 123: 36: 1096:

Quaestor in 81, he joined Sertorius in Spain, member of the conspiracy against him in 72.

8: 3583: 3370: 3258: 3207: 3126: 1296:

Perhaps appointed by Marius to the senate, he fought at the battle of the Colline Gate.

1016:

Aedile between 86 and 82, his proscription inferred from the delayed career of his son.

3526: 3307: 3170:

The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. IX, The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146–43 B.C.

3145:

Sulla, the Elites and the Empire, A Study of Roman Policies in Italy and the Greek East

1403:

in 87, he was captured after the battle of the Colline Gate and beheaded the next day.

1324:

Found out that he was proscribed while reading the list, and was murdered on the spot.

921: 784:

Found out that he was proscribed while reading the list, and was murdered on the spot.

515: 147: 3044: 803: 491:

One quarter (18 of 75) of the known proscribed survived by escaping Italy and joining

459: 386:

writes that he had the outstanding number of 10,000 freedmen. The most well known was

3514: 3173: 3148: 3134: 3117: 3080: 3066: 3052: 3034: 3017: 1708: 1636: 1165: 1142:

in 82, before the publication of the list. His brother Titus was a senator of Sulla.

713: 492: 411: 143: 131: 1048:

and Caesar may have helped him to recover his properties. He was still alive in 66.

748:

Proscription inferred from the delayed career of his son. Apparently not related to

294: 74:, but they were not part of the proscription, which only targeted the Roman elite. 3498: 3165: 1417:

Brother of Gaius, his proscription is inferred from the delayed career of his son.

548: 539:

granted asylum in some cities to the proscribed, while the main disposition of the

1030:

Delator in the 80s, his proscription inferred from the delayed career of his son.

3659: 3602: 3493: 3182: 463: 766:

The only murderer of Sertorius to survive, perhaps thanks to a deal passed with

345:

that had revolted; likewise, Pompey personally killed several Marian leaders at

286:), who were deprived of their properties, civic rights, and banished from Rome. 3637: 3554: 3419: 3244: 3200: 3161: 3026: 1740: 1490: 569:, even though he had been one of the most violent agents of the proscription. 209: 186: 28: 2364:, p. 79 (note 44), Sulla had officially asked Catiline to hunt the proscribed. 3653: 3578: 3565: 615:

might have recovered their full citizen status before 49, such as the famous

496: 395: 346: 182: 122:

In 88, Sulla was consul and marched on Rome, deposing and killing one of the

86: 3254: 3157: 2995: 1940: 1529: 1452: 1194:

Brother of Lucius, he joined Sertorius and died in the battle of Saguntum.

1045: 443: 235: 161:, the senate rejected his proposal. This temple was located outside of the 127: 78: 47: 488:, but committed suicide when Sulla forced the Rhodians to surrender him. 3590: 593: 334: 1139: 307: 244: 3090: 2999: 189:, who were horrified by Sulla's ongoing massacre, and extremists like 181:

prisoners captured after the battle of the Colline Gate in the nearby

177:). This meeting of the senate took place next to the slaughter of the 3520: 2478: 275: 24: 46:, Sulla wanted to take his revenge against the former supporters of 1829: 985: 876: 481: 407: 394:

territory to catch Sulla's enemies; he may have arrested the young

355: 319: 315: 311: 260: 239:, tells that a certain Oppianicus was sent by Sulla to the city of 178: 169: 163: 106: 71: 35:, to eliminate his enemies in the aftermath of his victory in the 691: 391: 342: 252: 229: 217: 63: 984:

Consul in 83, he refused to rejoin Sulla and went into exile in

3131:

Plutarch Caesar: Translated with an Introduction and Commentary

2607:, p. 199, prices have been converted from denarii to sesterces. 1541:

Fled to Sertorius, member of the conspiracy against him in 72.

1502: 1365:

Fled to Sertorius, member of the conspiracy against him in 72.

1351:

Fled to Sertorius, member of the conspiracy against him in 72.

880: 799: 767: 485: 455: 383: 330: 240: 77:

The sons of proscribed men were also targeted; they lost their

3223: 1579: 940: 535:

in 78 and Sertorius, in which many proscribed are found. The

351: 197: 82: 58:, he published two lists with the names of his enemies among 32: 2918:, pp. 408–410, but does not consider this hypothesis likely. 228:

The proscribed were exclusively from the Roman aristocracy;

126:

and outlawing about ten of his political enemies, including

1062:

Identification is difficult, he was perhaps the brother of

2642:

Konrad, "From the Gracchi to the First Civil War", p. 183.

1804:

Tribune of the plebs in 82, executed by Pompey in Sicily.

390:. Another one named Cornelius Phagita commanded forces in 282:

furthermore dealt with the descendants of the proscribed (

3000:

Marius' Villas", The Testimony of the Slave and the Knave

354:. One of the most active executants of the proscription, 167:, the sacred boundary of Rome, so Sulla could retain his 3192: 1689:

Praetor of Capua after its refoundation by the Marians.

1574:

Perhaps the Samnite leader defeated by Sulla during the

1176:

Brother of Quintus, he joined Sertorius and died in the

608:

the properties he had seized from his Pompeian enemies.

551:

and Julius Caesar launched prosecutions against several

302:

The proscribed names were painted over whitened planks (

631:

might have benefited from a similar tactical adoption.

1864:

Part of Sertorius' murder in 72, executed soon after.

716:

in Spain, member of the conspiracy against him in 72.

471:

returned to Rome after Sulla's departure to the East.

1824:, he fled to Sertorius, who sent him to Asia to help 906:, therefore dead before the publication of the list. 1752:

Either the senator (son of Lucius) mentioned in the

3091:

Catilina and the Execution of M. Marius Gratidianus

3031:

Roman Politics and the Criminal Courts, 149–78 B.C.

1208:Younger brother of Lucius. Served under Sertorius. 592:. Once he took control of Rome in 49, Caesar asked 634:The proscription of Sulla served as model for the 3172:, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 165–207. 3033:, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1978, 3651: 1878:Quattuorvir of Larinum, murdered by Oppianicus. 1222:Older brother of Gaius. Served under Sertorius. 834:Quattuorvir of Larinum, murdered by Oppianicus. 820:Quattuorvir of Larinum, murdered by Oppianicus. 358:, notoriously inflicted gruesome mutilations on 173:(which he would have lost if he had entered the 2559:, p. 40 (note 103), who also gives other names. 418:must have benefited from it. Other men such as 220:, starting with the most recent ones, then the 216:(consuls for 83). The following names were the 2241:Figures de l'histoire de la République romaine 1774:Murdered by Catilina and his Gallic henchmen. 1734:Murdered by Catilina and his Gallic henchmen. 1578:. He committed suicide in his wife's house at 322:to those who brought proscribed heads, called 3208: 925:in 98, his coins show his support of Marius. 142:seized power in his absence after fighting a 406:was the most famous profiteer; his greed in 2710:, p. 135, Norbanus was of much lower birth. 3215: 3201: 3049:Les proscriptions de la Rome républicaine 3079:, Oxford, Blackwell, 2006, pp. 167–189. 1930:All dates BC unless specified otherwise. 293: 100: 3051:, Rome, Ecole française de Rome, 1985. 1675:Legate of Gnaeus Papirius Carbo in 82. 1519:Son of the consul of 83. Father of the 943:after its refoundation by the Marians. 3652: 636:proscription of the Second Triumvirate 117: 16:Political murders by Sulla in 82–81 BC 3391:Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis 3196: 3097:, Vol. 35, No. 1 (1985), pp. 124–133. 2689: 2687: 2152: 2150: 454:bought the former villa of Marius in 272:lex Cornelia de hostibus rei publicae 23:was a reprisal campaign by the Roman 3670:1st century BC in the Roman Republic 3187:Senatorial Wealth and Roman Politics 3116:, Cambridge University Press, 2021. 3016:, Cambridge University Press, 1974. 2230:, pp. 73, 87, 88, 98–100, 151, 171. 1501:Consul in 83, he managed to flee to 598:lex Antonia de proscriptorum liberis 1435:. Executed in the Lacus Servilius. 1383:. Executed in the Lacus Servilius. 993:Lucius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus 426:and his homonymous cousin, Pompey, 13: 3114:Julius Caesar and the Roman people 2684: 2481:as an instance of this propaganda. 2147: 14: 3696: 3133:, Oxford University Press, 2011. 3077:A Companion to the Roman Republic 2594:Badian, "Marius' Villas", p. 121. 2477:, p. 116 (note 55), who mentions 1850:Executed just after Gratidianus. 1631:Executed just after Gratidianus. 1282:Executed just after Gratidianus. 974:Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiagenus 521: 507:is mentioned in ancient sources. 214:Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiagenus 3631: 3630: 2518:Sulla, the Elites and the Empire 1828:. He was defeated and killed by 270:In 81, Sulla passed a law named 109:minted in 54 BC by his grandson 2989: 2973: 2960: 2947: 2934: 2921: 2908: 2895: 2882: 2869: 2856: 2843: 2830: 2817: 2804: 2791: 2778: 2765: 2752: 2739: 2726: 2713: 2700: 2671: 2658: 2645: 2636: 2623: 2610: 2597: 2588: 2575: 2562: 2549: 2536: 2523: 2510: 2497: 2484: 2467: 2454: 2441: 2428: 2415: 2402: 2389: 2376: 2367: 2354: 2341: 2328: 2315: 2302: 2289: 2276: 2263: 2250: 2233: 2220: 2207: 2194: 2185: 2172: 2159: 2134: 2125: 2112: 2099: 2086: 2073: 2060: 1933: 1895:Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus 1258:Lucius Junius Brutus Damasippus 629:Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus 590:Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus 428:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius 3147:, Leiden/Boston, Brill, 2007. 2970:, pp. 160, 343, 344, 457, 458. 2047: 2034: 2021: 2008: 1995: 1982: 1969: 1956: 1924: 883:—was also his brother-in-law. 1: 3685:Political and cultural purges 3675:Lists of ancient Roman people 3006:, Vol. 63, 1973, pp. 121-132. 1950: 902:. Beheaded the day after the 373: 42:Following his victory at the 3004:The Journal of Roman Studies 2877:Rome, la dernière république 1917: 930:Lucius Considius or Consius 474: 388:Lucius Cornelius Chrysogonus 289: 7: 3189:, Bruxelles, Latomus, 1975. 1329:Quintus Lucretius Vespillo 1087:Lucius Fabius Hispaniensis 1072:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus 416:Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus 10: 3701: 3160:, "Sulla", in J. A Crook, 3065:, Ausonius, Pessac, 2011. 2762:, pp. 160, 343, 344, 353, 2681:, pp. 197, 198 (note 184). 1408:Lucius Marcius Censorinus 1307:Killed in battle in 82-81 904:battle of the Colline Gate 677:Supporter of the Marians. 424:Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella 420:Publius Cornelius Cethegus 318:with funds taken from the 152:battle of the Colline Gate 96: 44:battle of the Colline Gate 3625: 3546: 3507: 3476: 3440: 3433: 3425:Temple of Hercules Custos 3407: 3384:Lex Cornelia de maiestate 3358: 3316: 3283: 3237: 3230: 3222: 2983:, pp. 160, 353, 468, 469. 2905:, pp. 185, 186, 361, 362. 1461:Marcus Marius Gratidianus 582:Lucius Marcius Censorinus 138:. His enemies Marius and 3014:Roman Republican Coinage 2585:, pp. 39, 40 (note 104). 2191:Seager, "Sulla", p. 200. 2156:Seager, "Sulla", p. 197. 2131:Seager, "Sulla", p. 198. 1964:Roman Republican Coinage 1794:Quintus Valerius Soranus 1389:Gaius Marcius Censorinus 1301:Lucius Livius Salinator 1064:Marcus Domitius Calvinus 732:Lucius Marcius Philippus 721:Quintus Antonius Balbus 625:Quintus Servilius Caepio 503:in 73, even though only 432:Quintus Lutatius Catulus 265:Gaius Caecilius Metellus 3095:The Classical Quarterly 1911:Murdered by Catinlina. 1598:Unlike his father, the 1588:Marcus Perperna Veiento 1399:Murderer of the consul 1191:Killed in battle in 75 1173:Killed in battle in 75 1153:Killed in battle in 75 1135:Killed in battle in 82 861:Praetor urbanus in 83. 730:Died in battle against 727:Killed in battle in 82 641: 448:Marcus Aemilius Lepidus 404:Marcus Licinius Crassus 191:Marcus Licinius Crassus 105:Portrait of Sulla on a 3378:Constitutional reforms 949:Lucius Cornelius Cinna 586:Gaius Norbanus Flaccus 567:conspiracy of Catilina 512:Lucius Cornelius Cinna 436:Gaius Scribonius Curio 299: 114: 33:Lucius Cornelius Sulla 3665:1st century BC in law 3609:The First Man in Rome 3285:First Mithridatic War 3143:Federico Santangelo, 1875:Executed in 82 or 81 1798:Tribune of the plebs 1547:Gnaeus Papirius Carbo 1498:Exiled, then suicide 1246:Tribune of the plebs 1227:Marcus Junius Brutus 831:Executed in 82 or 81 817:Executed in 82 or 81 795:Executed in 82 or 81 789:Aulus Aurius Melinus 333:—the platform on the 297: 222:tribunes of the plebs 202:Gnaeus Papirius Carbo 124:tribunes of the plebs 104: 81:and were forced into 21:proscription of Sulla 3398:Lex Cornelia annalis 3359:Legislative activity 3110:Robert Morstein-Marx 2546:, p. 201 (note 200). 2070:, pp. 109, 110, 119. 1979:, pp. 249, 250, 253. 1820:Probably brother of 1564:Gaius Papius Mutilus 1242:Marcus Junius Brutus 692:Professional accuser 674:Lost his properties 617:Marcus Junius Brutus 613:liberi proscriptorum 606:liberi proscriptorum 574:liberi proscriptorum 284:liberi proscriptorum 3127:Christopher Pelling 2879:, p. 190 (note 72). 2736:, p. 157 (note 50). 1883:Gaius Vibius Pansa 1185:Quintus Hirtuleius 879:, who—according to 650: 549:Marcus Porcius Cato 118:Legislative process 3308:Treaty of Dardanos 2299:, pp. 38, 39, 107. 1716:Murdered in 73/72 1652:Pontius Telesinus 1622:Marcus Plaetorius 1273:Publius Laetorius 1178:battle of Saguntum 1158:battle of Valentia 922:Triumvir monetalis 866:Quintus Caecilius 649: 596:to pass a law—the 526:Possibly in 70, a 516:Second Triumvirate 300: 255:gives the name of 208:(consuls for 82), 206:Marius the Younger 115: 39:of 83–82 BC. 3680:Sulla's civil war 3647: 3646: 3542: 3541: 3354: 3353: 3106:, Paris, An VIII. 3100:Silvestre Mirys, 3089:Bruce Marshall, " 2653:Senatorial Wealth 2631:Senatorial Wealth 2583:Senatorial Wealth 2557:Senatorial Wealth 2531:Senatorial Wealth 2410:Senatorial Wealth 2044:, pp. 52, 53, 60. 1915: 1914: 1902:Marcus Volumnius 1709:Quintus Sertorius 1637:Pontius Telesinus 1287:Marcus Lamponius 1166:Lucius Hirtuleius 1101:Lucius Fidustius 1066:, praetor in 80. 1007:Lucius Critonius 775:Quintus Aurelius 739:Sextus Appuleius 682:Lucius Antistius 621:homonymous father 572:Afterwards, some 493:Quintus Sertorius 412:First Triumvirate 159:Temple of Bellona 3692: 3634: 3633: 3499:Cornelia Postuma 3438: 3437: 3415:Memoirs of Sulla 3235: 3234: 3217: 3210: 3203: 3194: 3193: 3166:Elizabeth Rawson 3010:Michael Crawford 2984: 2977: 2971: 2964: 2958: 2951: 2945: 2938: 2932: 2925: 2919: 2912: 2906: 2899: 2893: 2886: 2880: 2873: 2867: 2860: 2854: 2847: 2841: 2834: 2828: 2821: 2815: 2808: 2802: 2795: 2789: 2782: 2776: 2769: 2763: 2756: 2750: 2743: 2737: 2730: 2724: 2717: 2711: 2704: 2698: 2691: 2682: 2675: 2669: 2662: 2656: 2649: 2643: 2640: 2634: 2627: 2621: 2614: 2608: 2601: 2595: 2592: 2586: 2579: 2573: 2566: 2560: 2553: 2547: 2540: 2534: 2527: 2521: 2514: 2508: 2501: 2495: 2488: 2482: 2471: 2465: 2458: 2452: 2445: 2439: 2432: 2426: 2419: 2413: 2406: 2400: 2393: 2387: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2365: 2358: 2352: 2345: 2339: 2332: 2326: 2319: 2313: 2306: 2300: 2293: 2287: 2280: 2274: 2267: 2261: 2254: 2248: 2237: 2231: 2224: 2218: 2211: 2205: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2183: 2176: 2170: 2163: 2157: 2154: 2145: 2138: 2132: 2129: 2123: 2116: 2110: 2103: 2097: 2090: 2084: 2077: 2071: 2064: 2058: 2051: 2045: 2038: 2032: 2025: 2019: 2012: 2006: 1999: 1993: 1986: 1980: 1973: 1967: 1960: 1944: 1937: 1931: 1928: 1834:battle of Lemnos 1779:Aulus Trebonius 1765:Gnaeus Titinius 1725:Lucius Tanusius 1694:Marcus? Sergius 1680:Sextius Saltius 1213:Lucius Insteius 1147:Gaius Herennius 1115:Quintus Granius 1044:He was saved by 1035:Gnaeus Decidius 703:Marcus Antonius 651: 648: 557:Servilius Rullus 533:Aemilius Lepidus 501:battle of Lemnos 56:popular assembly 3700: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3690: 3689: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3621: 3615:The Grass Crown 3603:Masters of Rome 3538: 3503: 3494:Fausta Cornelia 3472: 3429: 3403: 3350: 3312: 3293:Siege of Athens 3279: 3238:Early campaigns 3231:Military career 3226: 3221: 3183:Israël Shatzman 3045:François Hinard 2992: 2987: 2978: 2974: 2965: 2961: 2957:, pp. 330, 331. 2952: 2948: 2944:, pp. 329, 330. 2939: 2935: 2926: 2922: 2913: 2909: 2900: 2896: 2887: 2883: 2874: 2870: 2861: 2857: 2853:, pp. 211, 212. 2848: 2844: 2835: 2831: 2827:, pp. 207, 208. 2822: 2818: 2809: 2805: 2796: 2792: 2788:, pp. 170, 171. 2783: 2779: 2770: 2766: 2757: 2753: 2744: 2740: 2731: 2727: 2718: 2714: 2705: 2701: 2692: 2685: 2676: 2672: 2668:, pp. 195, 196. 2663: 2659: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2637: 2628: 2624: 2620:, pp. 199, 200. 2615: 2611: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2580: 2576: 2567: 2563: 2554: 2550: 2541: 2537: 2528: 2524: 2515: 2511: 2502: 2498: 2490:Morstein-Marx, 2489: 2485: 2472: 2468: 2462:Plutarch Caesar 2459: 2455: 2446: 2442: 2433: 2429: 2420: 2416: 2407: 2403: 2394: 2390: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2342: 2333: 2329: 2320: 2316: 2307: 2303: 2294: 2290: 2281: 2277: 2268: 2264: 2255: 2251: 2238: 2234: 2225: 2221: 2212: 2208: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2182:, pp. 111, 112. 2177: 2173: 2169:, pp. 104, 105. 2164: 2160: 2155: 2148: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2117: 2113: 2104: 2100: 2091: 2087: 2078: 2074: 2065: 2061: 2052: 2048: 2039: 2035: 2026: 2022: 2013: 2009: 2000: 1996: 1992:, pp. 108, 109. 1987: 1983: 1974: 1970: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1947: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1908:Executed in 82 1861:Executed in 72 1847:Executed in 82 1817:Executed in 73 1801:Executed in 82 1771:Executed in 82 1758:Pompeius Strabo 1749:Executed in 72 1731:Executed in 82 1700:Executed in 82 1686:Executed in 82 1644:Executed in 82 1628:Executed in 82 1613:Executed in 72 1595:Executed in 72 1554:Executed in 82 1510:Gaius Norbanus 1482:Executed in 82 1468:Executed in 82 1428:Executed in 82 1401:Gnaeus Octavius 1396:Executed in 82 1376:Executed in 82 1335:Executed in 82 1321:Executed in 82 1293:Executed in 82 1279:Executed in 82 1265:Executed in 82 1249:Executed in 77 1199:Gaius Insteius 1079:Executed in 81 1021:Gaius? Curtius 963:, supporter of 936:Executed in 82 911:Titus Cloelius 896:Executed in 82 872:Executed in 82 858:Executed in 82 845:Executed in 82 798:Quattuorvir of 781:Executed in 82 688:Executed in 82 668:Sextus Alfenus 644: 619:. Although his 524: 477: 464:Israel Shatzman 460:François Hinard 376: 320:public treasury 292: 120: 99: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3698: 3688: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3619: 3599: 3587: 3575: 3563: 3555:Parallel Lives 3550: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3444: 3442: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3422: 3420:Curia Hostilia 3417: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3401: 3394: 3387: 3380: 3375: 3368: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3322: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3289: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3272: 3262: 3252: 3245:Jugurthine War 3241: 3239: 3232: 3228: 3227: 3220: 3219: 3212: 3205: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3180: 3162:Andrew Lintott 3155: 3141: 3124: 3107: 3098: 3087: 3085:978-1444334135 3073: 3059: 3042: 3027:Erich S. Gruen 3024: 3007: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2985: 2972: 2959: 2946: 2933: 2920: 2907: 2894: 2881: 2868: 2866:, pp. 213–217. 2855: 2842: 2840:, pp. 209–211. 2829: 2816: 2814:, pp. 204–207. 2803: 2801:, pp. 173–186. 2790: 2777: 2775:, pp. 162–169. 2764: 2751: 2738: 2725: 2712: 2699: 2683: 2670: 2657: 2644: 2635: 2622: 2609: 2596: 2587: 2574: 2561: 2548: 2535: 2522: 2509: 2496: 2483: 2466: 2453: 2440: 2427: 2414: 2401: 2388: 2375: 2366: 2353: 2340: 2327: 2314: 2301: 2288: 2275: 2262: 2249: 2232: 2219: 2206: 2193: 2184: 2171: 2158: 2146: 2133: 2124: 2111: 2098: 2085: 2072: 2059: 2046: 2033: 2031:, pp. 52, 109. 2020: 2007: 1994: 1981: 1977:Roman Politics 1968: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1932: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1869:Sextus Vibius 1866: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1822:Quintus Varius 1818: 1815: 1812: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1720:subordinates. 1717: 1714: 1711: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1525: 1524: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1506: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1491:Gaius Norbanus 1487: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1457: 1456: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1233:Suicide in 82 1231: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1182: 1181: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1076:Promagistrate 1074: 1068: 1067: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 990: 989: 982: 979: 976: 970: 969: 957: 954: 951: 945: 944: 937: 934: 931: 927: 926: 918: 915: 912: 908: 907: 897: 894: 891: 889:Gaius Carrinas 885: 884: 873: 870: 867: 863: 862: 859: 856: 853: 849: 848: 846: 843: 840: 836: 835: 832: 829: 826: 822: 821: 818: 815: 812: 808: 807: 802:, murdered by 796: 793: 790: 786: 785: 782: 779: 776: 772: 771: 764: 761: 758: 754: 753: 746: 743: 740: 736: 735: 728: 725: 722: 718: 717: 710: 707: 704: 700: 699: 689: 686: 683: 679: 678: 675: 672: 669: 665: 664: 661: 658: 655: 643: 640: 578:Gaius Carrinas 523: 522:Rehabilitation 520: 476: 473: 440:Gaius Antonius 375: 372: 291: 288: 267:and Fufidius. 210:Gaius Norbanus 187:Julii Caesares 136:Mithridates VI 119: 116: 111:Pompeius Rufus 98: 95: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3697: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3628: 3627: 3624: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3610: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3275:March on Rome 3273: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3218: 3213: 3211: 3206: 3204: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3153:9789004163867 3150: 3146: 3142: 3140: 3139:9780198149040 3136: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3122:9781108837842 3119: 3115: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3072: 3071:9782356130426 3068: 3064: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3039:0-674-28420-8 3036: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3022:9780521074926 3019: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2982: 2981:Proscriptions 2976: 2969: 2968:Proscriptions 2963: 2956: 2955:Proscriptions 2950: 2943: 2942:Proscriptions 2937: 2930: 2929:Proscriptions 2924: 2917: 2916:Proscriptions 2911: 2904: 2903:Proscriptions 2898: 2891: 2890:Proscriptions 2885: 2878: 2872: 2865: 2864:Proscriptions 2859: 2852: 2851:Proscriptions 2846: 2839: 2838:Proscriptions 2833: 2826: 2825:Proscriptions 2820: 2813: 2812:Proscriptions 2807: 2800: 2799:Proscriptions 2794: 2787: 2786:Proscriptions 2781: 2774: 2773:Proscriptions 2768: 2761: 2760:Proscriptions 2755: 2748: 2747:Proscriptions 2742: 2735: 2734:Proscriptions 2729: 2722: 2721:Proscriptions 2716: 2709: 2708:Proscriptions 2703: 2696: 2695:Proscriptions 2690: 2688: 2680: 2679:Proscriptions 2674: 2667: 2666:Proscriptions 2661: 2654: 2648: 2639: 2632: 2626: 2619: 2618:Proscriptions 2613: 2606: 2605:Proscriptions 2600: 2591: 2584: 2578: 2571: 2570:Proscriptions 2565: 2558: 2552: 2545: 2544:Proscriptions 2539: 2532: 2526: 2519: 2513: 2506: 2505:Proscriptions 2500: 2493: 2492:Julius Caesar 2487: 2480: 2476: 2475:Proscriptions 2470: 2463: 2457: 2450: 2449:Proscriptions 2444: 2437: 2436:Proscriptions 2431: 2424: 2423:Proscriptions 2418: 2411: 2405: 2399:, pp. 48, 49. 2398: 2397:Proscriptions 2392: 2386:, pp. 41, 47. 2385: 2384:Proscriptions 2379: 2370: 2363: 2362:Proscriptions 2357: 2351:, pp. 44, 45. 2350: 2349:Proscriptions 2344: 2337: 2336:Proscriptions 2331: 2325:, pp. 41, 42. 2324: 2323:Proscriptions 2318: 2311: 2310:Proscriptions 2305: 2298: 2297:Proscriptions 2292: 2285: 2284:Proscriptions 2279: 2272: 2271:Proscriptions 2266: 2259: 2258:Proscriptions 2253: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2229: 2228:Proscriptions 2223: 2216: 2215:Proscriptions 2210: 2203: 2202:Proscriptions 2197: 2188: 2181: 2180:Proscriptions 2175: 2168: 2167:Proscriptions 2162: 2153: 2151: 2143: 2142:Proscriptions 2137: 2128: 2121: 2120:Proscriptions 2115: 2108: 2107:Proscriptions 2102: 2095: 2094:Proscriptions 2089: 2083:, pp. 58, 59. 2082: 2081:Proscriptions 2076: 2069: 2068:Proscriptions 2063: 2056: 2055:Proscriptions 2050: 2043: 2042:Proscriptions 2037: 2030: 2029:Proscriptions 2024: 2017: 2016:Proscriptions 2011: 2004: 2003:Proscriptions 1998: 1991: 1990:Proscriptions 1985: 1978: 1972: 1965: 1959: 1955: 1942: 1941:Attic talents 1936: 1927: 1923: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1810:Marcus Varius 1808: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1001: 999:Killed in 77 998: 995: 992: 991: 987: 983: 980: 977: 975: 972: 971: 966: 962: 958: 955: 952: 950: 947: 946: 942: 938: 935: 932: 929: 928: 924: 923: 919: 916: 913: 910: 909: 905: 901: 898: 895: 892: 890: 887: 886: 882: 878: 874: 871: 868: 865: 864: 860: 857: 854: 851: 850: 847: 844: 841: 838: 837: 833: 830: 827: 825:Gaius Aurius 824: 823: 819: 816: 813: 811:Aulus Aurius 810: 809: 805: 801: 797: 794: 791: 788: 787: 783: 780: 777: 774: 773: 769: 765: 762: 759: 756: 755: 751: 747: 744: 741: 738: 737: 734:in Sardinia. 733: 729: 726: 723: 720: 719: 715: 711: 708: 705: 702: 701: 697: 693: 690: 687: 684: 681: 680: 676: 673: 670: 667: 666: 662: 659: 656: 653: 652: 647: 639: 637: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 570: 568: 563: 558: 554: 550: 545: 542: 538: 534: 529: 519: 517: 513: 508: 506: 505:Marcus Varius 502: 498: 497:Sertorian War 494: 489: 487: 483: 472: 468: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 399: 397: 396:Julius Caesar 393: 389: 385: 381: 371: 369: 363: 361: 357: 353: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 327: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 296: 287: 285: 281: 277: 273: 268: 266: 262: 258: 254: 248: 246: 242: 238: 237: 231: 226: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 194: 192: 188: 184: 183:villa publica 180: 176: 172: 171: 166: 165: 160: 155: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 112: 108: 103: 94: 92: 88: 87:Julius Caesar 84: 80: 75: 73: 67: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 40: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 3636: 3629: 3614: 3608: 3601: 3589: 3577: 3566: 3553: 3396: 3389: 3382: 3371: 3366:Proscription 3365: 3346:Colline Gate 3336:Sena Gallica 3326:Mount Tifata 3255:Cimbrian War 3186: 3169: 3158:Robin Seager 3144: 3130: 3113: 3101: 3094: 3076: 3062: 3048: 3030: 3013: 3003: 2996:Ernst Badian 2990:Bibliography 2980: 2975: 2967: 2962: 2954: 2949: 2941: 2936: 2928: 2923: 2915: 2910: 2902: 2897: 2889: 2884: 2876: 2871: 2863: 2858: 2850: 2845: 2837: 2832: 2824: 2819: 2811: 2806: 2798: 2793: 2785: 2780: 2772: 2767: 2759: 2754: 2746: 2741: 2733: 2728: 2720: 2715: 2707: 2702: 2694: 2678: 2673: 2665: 2660: 2652: 2647: 2638: 2630: 2625: 2617: 2612: 2604: 2599: 2590: 2582: 2577: 2569: 2564: 2556: 2551: 2543: 2538: 2530: 2525: 2517: 2516:Santangelo, 2512: 2504: 2499: 2491: 2486: 2474: 2469: 2461: 2456: 2448: 2443: 2435: 2430: 2425:, pp. 85–87. 2422: 2417: 2409: 2404: 2396: 2391: 2383: 2378: 2369: 2361: 2356: 2348: 2343: 2335: 2330: 2322: 2317: 2309: 2304: 2296: 2291: 2283: 2278: 2273:, pp. 35–37. 2270: 2265: 2260:, pp. 32–40. 2257: 2252: 2240: 2235: 2227: 2222: 2214: 2209: 2204:, pp. 74–76. 2201: 2196: 2187: 2179: 2174: 2166: 2161: 2144:, pp. 63–66. 2141: 2136: 2127: 2122:, pp. 55–57. 2119: 2114: 2106: 2101: 2096:, pp. 61–63. 2093: 2088: 2080: 2075: 2067: 2062: 2054: 2049: 2041: 2036: 2028: 2023: 2015: 2010: 2002: 1997: 1989: 1984: 1976: 1971: 1963: 1958: 1935: 1926: 1753: 1600:consul of 92 1521:consul of 38 1453:Gaius Marius 1441:Gaius Marius 1432: 1380: 920: 875:Murdered by 695: 645: 633: 612: 610: 605: 601: 597: 573: 571: 561: 552: 546: 541:lex Cornelia 540: 536: 527: 525: 509: 490: 478: 469: 444:Gaius Verres 400: 379: 377: 367: 364: 328: 323: 303: 301: 283: 280:lex Cornelia 279: 271: 269: 249: 236:Pro Cluentio 234: 227: 195: 174: 168: 162: 156: 148:peace treaty 128:Gaius Marius 121: 79:civic rights 76: 68: 41: 20: 18: 3591:Lucio Silla 3533:Chrysogonus 3372:Lex Valeria 3331:Sacriportus 1826:Mithridates 1658:Died in 82 1538:Died in 72 1448:Died in 82 1362:Died in 72 1348:Died in 72 1093:Died in 72 939:Praetor of 712:He fled to 709:Died in 72 602:lex Antonia 594:Mark Antony 562:lex Plautia 553:percussores 537:lex Plautia 528:lex Plautia 380:percussores 360:Gratidianus 324:percussores 310:(or 12,000 245:show trials 3654:Categories 3535:(freedman) 3529:(freedman) 3517:(mistress) 3303:Orchomenus 3265:Social War 3178:0521256038 3057:2728300941 2651:Shatzman, 2629:Shatzman, 2581:Shatzman, 2555:Shatzman, 2529:Shatzman, 2408:Shatzman, 2005:, pp. 116. 1962:Crawford, 1951:References 1841:Venuleius 1832:after the 1741:Tarquitius 1713:Proconsul 1666:Quinctius 1607:Perperna? 1576:Social War 1532:Graecinus 852:Burrienus 804:Oppianicus 750:Saturninus 698:) before. 638:in 43 BC. 374:Profiteers 368:adversarii 27:and later 3521:Metrobius 3515:Nicopolis 3318:Civil War 3298:Chaeronea 3259:Vercellae 3249:2nd Cirta 2931:, p. 227. 2892:, p. 217. 2749:, p. 158. 2723:, p. 156. 2697:, p. 135. 2633:, p. 475. 2572:, p. 202. 2507:, p. 198. 2479:Suetonius 2464:, p. 137. 2460:Pelling, 2412:, p. 475. 2245:plate 138 1966:, p. 456. 1918:Footnotes 1889:Survived 1785:Survived 1754:concilium 1568:Senator? 1516:Survived 1342:Maecenas 1140:Praeneste 1107:Survived 1059:Executed 1056:Senator? 1053:Domitius 1046:Cluentius 1041:Survived 956:Survived 763:Survived 757:Aufidius 714:Sertorius 475:Survivors 378:The main 343:Ephesians 308:sesterces 290:Procedure 276:Roman law 263:those of 144:short war 91:civil war 37:civil war 25:proconsul 3638:Category 3527:Epicadus 3484:Cornelia 3477:Children 3463:Caecilia 2979:Hinard, 2966:Hinard, 2953:Hinard, 2940:Hinard, 2927:Hinard, 2914:Hinard, 2901:Hinard, 2888:Hinard, 2875:Hinard, 2862:Hinard, 2849:Hinard, 2836:Hinard, 2823:Hinard, 2810:Hinard, 2797:Hinard, 2784:Hinard, 2771:Hinard, 2758:Hinard, 2745:Hinard, 2732:Hinard, 2719:Hinard, 2706:Hinard, 2693:Hinard, 2677:Hinard, 2664:Hinard, 2655:, p. 39. 2616:Hinard, 2603:Hinard, 2568:Hinard, 2542:Hinard, 2533:, p. 40. 2520:, p. 93. 2503:Hinard, 2494:, p. 41. 2473:Hinard, 2451:, p. 64. 2447:Hinard, 2438:, p. 84. 2434:Hinard, 2421:Hinard, 2395:Hinard, 2382:Hinard, 2360:Hinard, 2347:Hinard, 2338:, p. 44. 2334:Hinard, 2321:Hinard, 2312:, p. 41. 2308:Hinard, 2295:Hinard, 2286:, p. 40. 2282:Hinard, 2269:Hinard, 2256:Hinard, 2226:Hinard, 2213:Hinard, 2200:Hinard, 2178:Hinard, 2165:Hinard, 2140:Hinard, 2118:Hinard, 2109:, p. 56. 2105:Hinard, 2092:Hinard, 2079:Hinard, 2066:Hinard, 2057:, p. 60. 2053:Hinard, 2040:Hinard, 2027:Hinard, 2018:, p. 33. 2014:Hinard, 2001:Hinard, 1988:Hinard, 1905:Senator 1886:Senator 1872:Senator 1855:Versius 1830:Lucullus 1814:Senator 1746:Senator 1743:Priscus 1683:Senator 1672:Unknown 1655:Senator 1641:Senator 1625:Senator 1610:Senator 1592:Praetor 1571:Suicide 1535:Senator 1530:Octavius 1513:Senator 1476:Nannius 1465:Praetor 1414:Unknown 1411:Senator 1393:Senator 1370:Mammius 1359:Senator 1356:Manlius 1332:Senator 1315:Lollius 1304:Senator 1290:Senator 1276:Senator 1262:Praetor 1230:Praetor 1219:Unknown 1216:Senator 1205:Unknown 1202:Senator 1188:Senator 1170:Senator 1150:Senator 1138:Died at 1132:Senator 1121:Unknown 1118:Senator 1104:Senator 1090:Senator 1027:Unknown 1013:Unknown 996:Senator 986:Massalia 953:Senator 933:Senator 917:Unknown 914:Senator 900:Etruscan 893:Praetor 877:Catilina 855:Praetor 842:Senator 839:Baebius 745:Unknown 742:Senator 724:Praetor 706:Senator 663:Comment 482:Massalia 452:Cornelia 408:Bruttium 356:Catiline 341:against 316:quaestor 261:Plutarch 218:praetors 175:pomerium 170:imperium 164:pomerium 107:denarius 72:Samnites 60:senators 29:dictator 3523:(lover) 3489:Faustus 3468:Valeria 3458:Cloelia 3341:Clusium 2239:Mirys, 1975:Gruen, 1858:Knight 1844:Knight 1782:Knight 1768:Knight 1728:Knight 1697:Knight 1669:Knight 1551:Consul 1495:Consul 1479:Knight 1451:Son of 1445:Consul 1433:delator 1431:Former 1425:Knight 1422:Marius 1381:delator 1379:Former 1373:Knight 1345:Knight 1318:Knight 1038:Knight 1024:Knight 1010:Aedile 981:Exiled 978:Consul 965:Lepidus 959:Son of 869:Knight 828:Knight 814:Knight 800:Larinum 792:Knight 778:Knight 760:Knight 696:delator 685:Knight 671:Knight 547:In 64, 518:in 43. 347:Asculum 312:denarii 304:tabulae 257:Catulus 253:Orosius 241:Larinum 230:equites 204:, then 179:Samnite 97:History 64:equites 3660:80s BC 3596:Mozart 3572:Handel 3547:Legacy 3434:Family 3176: 3151: 3137: 3120: 3083: 3069: 3055: 3037: 3020: 1739:Gaius 1580:Teanum 1528:Gaius 1503:Rhodes 1129:Gutta 881:Cicero 768:Pompey 588:, and 486:Rhodes 456:Miseno 392:Sabine 384:Appian 331:rostra 212:, and 132:Pontus 48:Marius 3584:Graun 3579:Silla 3567:Silla 3560:Sulla 3508:Other 3453:Aelia 3448:Julia 3441:Wives 3408:Works 3224:Sulla 961:Cinna 941:Capua 660:Fate 657:Rank 654:Name 611:Some 352:Tiber 335:forum 198:edict 140:Cinna 83:exile 52:Cinna 3269:Nola 3174:ISBN 3149:ISBN 3135:ISBN 3118:ISBN 3081:ISBN 3067:ISBN 3061:——, 3053:ISBN 3035:ISBN 3018:ISBN 642:List 339:Asia 62:and 50:and 19:The 3093:", 3002:", 2998:, " 1897:). 1756:of 3656:: 3612:, 3185:, 3168:, 3164:, 3129:, 3112:, 3047:, 3029:, 3012:, 2686:^ 2247:. 2243:, 2149:^ 1836:. 1582:. 1523:. 1180:. 1160:. 806:. 770:. 752:. 584:, 580:, 446:, 442:, 438:, 434:, 430:, 422:, 370:. 326:. 259:, 134:, 93:. 31:, 3618:) 3606:( 3598:) 3594:( 3586:) 3582:( 3574:) 3570:( 3562:) 3558:( 3271:) 3267:( 3261:) 3257:( 3251:) 3247:( 3216:e 3209:t 3202:v 3041:. 1943:. 694:( 113:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Sulla's proscription

Index