Sufism - Knowledge

3974: 6827:"Sufi practices are merely attempts to attain psychic states—for their own sake—though it is claimed the pursuit represents seeking closeness to God, and that the achieved magical powers are gifts of advanced spirituality. For several reasons, Sufism was generally looked upon as heretical among Muslim scholars. Among the deviations introduced by the Sufis was the tendency to believe the daily prayers to be only for the masses who had not achieved deeper spiritual knowledge, but could be disregarded by those more advanced spiritually. The Sufis introduced the practice of congregational Dhikr, or religious oral exercises, consisting of a continuous repetition of the name of God. These practices were unknown to early Islam, and consequently regarded as Bid'ah, meaning "unfounded innovation". Also, many of the Sufis adopted the practice of total Tawakkul, or complete "trust" or "dependence" on God, by avoiding all kinds of labor or commerce, refusing medical care when they were ill, and living by begging." 5023:(c. 1058 – 1111), full name Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad aṭ-Ṭūsiyy al-Ġazzālīy was a Sunni Muslim polymath. He is known as one of the most prominent and influential Sufi, jurisconsult, legal theoretician, mufti, philosopher, theologian, logician and mystic in Islamic history. He is considered to be the 11th century's mujaddid, a renewer of the faith, who appears once every 100 years. Al-Ghazali's works were so highly acclaimed by his contemporaries that he was awarded the honorific title "Proof of Islam". He was a prominent mujtahid in the Shafi'i school of law. His magnum opus is Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm ad-dīn ("The Revival of the Religious Sciences"). His works include Tahāfut al-Falāsifa ("Incoherence of the Philosophers"), a landmark in the history of philosophy. 4699:(830–910) was one of the great early Sufis. His practice of Sufism was considered dry and sober unlike some of the more ecstatic behaviours of other Sufis during his life. His order was the Junaydiyya, which links to the golden chain of many Sufi orders. He laid the groundwork for sober mysticism in contrast to that of God-intoxicated Sufis like al-Hallaj, Bayazid Bastami and Abusaeid Abolkheir. During the trial of al-Hallaj, his former disciple, the Caliph of the time demanded his fatwa. In response, he issued this fatwa: "From the outward appearance he is to die and we judge according to the outward appearance and God knows better". He is referred to by Sufis as Sayyid-ut Taifa—i.e., the leader of the group. He lived and died in the city of Baghdad. 9835: 3832:), he is spiritually reborn to the truth. At the beginning of the Sema, by holding his arms crosswise, the semazen appears to represent the number one, thus testifying to God's unity. While whirling, his arms are open: his right arm is directed to the sky, ready to receive God's beneficence; his left hand, upon which his eyes are fastened, is turned toward the earth. The semazen conveys God's spiritual gift to those who are witnessing the Sema. Revolving from right to left around the heart, the semazen embraces all humanity with love. The human being has been created with love in order to love. Mevlâna Jalâluddîn Rumi says, "All loves are a bridge to Divine love. Yet, those who have not had a taste of it do not know!" 2717:, liberal nationalists, and, some decades later, socialist movements in the Muslim world. Sufi orders were accused of fostering popular superstitions, resisting modern intellectual attitudes, and standing in the way of progressive reforms. Ideological attacks on Sufism were reinforced by agrarian and educational reforms, as well as new forms of taxation, which were instituted by Westernizing national governments, undermining the economic foundations of Sufi orders. The extent to which Sufi orders declined in the first half of the 20th century varied from country to country, but by the middle of the century the very survival of the orders and traditional Sufi lifestyle appeared doubtful to many observers. 3012: 4602:: Sufism says: abandonment, then adornment, then manifestation, abandonment of reprehensible morals, and liberation from the shackles of the dark forces in the soul of lust, anger, and envy, the morals of animals, wild beasts, and demons. Then have good morals, and enlighten the heart and soul with the light of our Master, the Messenger of God and his family, then the lights of God will be revealed to the eyes of the heart after erasing the veils that were blocking the heart from viewing and enjoying them. This is the highest bliss for the people of Paradise. With it, God honors the elite of His beloved servants in this abode, each according to his luck and share from the Messenger of God. 6646: 13064:"Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, European orientalists would develop the thesis that Sufism and Islam were separate religious phenomena. The effect on Sufism in the West was twofold. The first impacted on the academic study of Sufism and the second on the development of Sufism as a religious form in Europe and North America. The separation of Sufism from its Islamic roots led to an over-emphasis on the translation of classical Sufi mystical literature at the expense of the lived religion practised throughout the Muslim world and perceived as part and parcel of a normative Islamic worldview, even if deeply contested in the Muslim majority world." 3529:), and to embrace with certainty its tenets. The seeker must also, of necessity, turn away from sins, love of this world, the love of company and renown, obedience to satanic impulse, and the promptings of the lower self. (The way in which this purification of the heart is achieved is outlined in certain books, but must be prescribed in detail by a Sufi master.) The seeker must also be trained to prevent the corruption of those good deeds which have accrued to his or her credit by overcoming the traps of ostentation, pride, arrogance, envy, and long hopes (meaning the hope for a long life allowing us to mend our ways later, rather than immediately, here and now). 2849: 2694: 2381: 3458: 3734:—my God, you are my Goal and Your good pleasure is what I seek". Then he brings to his heart the Name of the Essence—Allâh—and as it courses through his heart he remains attentive to its meaning, which is "Essence without likeness". The seeker remains aware that He is Present, Watchful, Encompassing of all, thereby exemplifying the meaning of his saying (may God bless him and grant him peace): "Worship God as though you see Him, for if you do not see Him, He sees you". And likewise the prophetic tradition: "The most favored level of faith is to know that God is witness over you, wherever you may be". 3140:. Fariduddin Attar stated, "Muhammad is the exemplar to both worlds, the guide of the descendants of Adam. He is the sun of creation, the moon of the celestial spheres, the all-seeing eye...The seven heavens and the eight gardens of paradise were created for him; he is both the eye and the light in the light of our eyes." Sufis have historically stressed the importance of Muhammad's perfection and his ability to intercede. The persona of Muhammad has historically been and remains an integral and critical aspect of Sufi belief and practice. Bayazid Bastami is recorded to have been so devoted to the 3336: 7232: 3197: 6832: 3702: 71: 4322: 3750: 2959: 3258:, the existential confession that God is One. Ibn Arabi says, "When we see someone in this Community who claims to be able to guide others to God, but is remiss in but one rule of the Sacred Law—even if he manifests miracles that stagger the mind—asserting that his shortcoming is a special dispensation for him, we do not even turn to look at him, for such a person is not a sheikh, nor is he speaking the truth, for no one is entrusted with the secrets of God Most High save one in whom the ordinances of the Sacred Law are preserved. ( 4952:

of renowned Sufi teachers and quickly demonstrated exceptional talent and understanding. His primary teacher was Sayyid Muhammad Baba As-Samasi, who initiated him into the spiritual path. His approach to Sufism emphasized inner contemplation, discipline, and a focus on the unseen. He advocated for a balanced lifestyle, combining spiritual practices with worldly responsibilities. His teachings were rooted in the Quran and the Sunnah, and he emphasized the importance of following the example of the Prophet Muhammad.

4899: 2617: 3355: 3291:, narrated a tradition in which a man asked Malik "about something in the inward science", to which Malik replied: "Truly none knows the inward science except those who know the outward science! When he knows the outward science and puts it into practice, God shall open for him the inward science – and that will not take place except by the opening of his heart and its enlightenment." In other similar traditions, it is related that Malik said: "He who practices Sufism ( 2246: 4097: 2371:

I resorted to my intrinsic proclivity. During these turbulent years, numerous astonishing and indescribable secrets of life were unveiled to me. I was convinced that the group of Aulia (holy mystics) is the only truthful group who follow the right path, display best conduct and surpass all sages in their wisdom and insight. They derive all their overt or covert behaviour from the illumining guidance of the holy Prophet, the only guidance worth quest and pursuit.

26594: 21609: 6096: 3861: 26630: 6883:, an American think-tank, issued a major report titled "Building Moderate Muslim Networks", which urged the US government to form links with and bolster Muslim groups that opposed Islamist extremism. The report stressed the Sufi role as moderate traditionalists open to change, and thus as allies against violence. News organisations such as the BBC, Economist and Boston Globe have also seen Sufism as a means to deal with violent Muslim extremists. 26604: 15185: 4773: 4965: 2520: 6901:"stresses that Sufism lies behind and before systematization; that 'our wine existed before what you call the grape and the vine' (the school and the system)..." Shah's views have however been rejected by modern scholars. Such modern trends of neo-Sufis in Western countries allow non-Muslims to receive "instructions on following the Sufi path", not without opposition by Muslims who consider such instruction outside the sphere of Islam. 4529:: which is concerned with knowing the thoughts and conversations of souls. In the hadith: (Fear the insight of the believer, for he sees with the light of God), and it depends on his strength. Proximity and knowledge. The stronger the closeness and the more knowledgeable the knowledge becomes, the more accurate the insight becomes, because if the soul is close to the presence of the truth, nothing but the truth often appears in it. 3895:) have traditionally been considered as prohibited by the four orthodox Sunni schools, and the more orthodox Sufi tariqas also continued to prohibit their use. Throughout history most Sufi saints have stressed that musical instruments are forbidden. However some Sufi Saints permitted and encouraged it, whilst maintaining that musical instruments and female voices should not be introduced, although these are common practice today. 1388: 4788: 6134: 7004: 4082:. From the twelfth to the fourteenth century, "the general veneration of saints, among both people and sovereigns, reached its definitive form with the organization of Sufism ... into orders or brotherhoods." In the common expressions of Islamic piety of this period, the saint was understood to be "a contemplative whose state of spiritual perfection ... permanent expression in the teaching bequeathed to his disciples." 26642: 21598: 6120: 1274: 621: 15430: 6223:, led to a long trial. He was imprisoned for 11 years in a Baghdad prison, before being tortured and publicly beheaded on March 26, 922. He is still revered by Sufis for his willingness to embrace torture and death rather than recant. It is said that during his prayers, he would say "O Lord! You are the guide of those who are passing through the Valley of Bewilderment. If I am a heretic, enlarge my heresy". 6109: 4610:: It is seeking blessing from God through legitimate reasons, the greatest of which is begging Him for that by which one has been blessed, whether it is a person, an effect, or a place. This blessing, as they believe, is sought by being exposed to it in its proper place by turning to God and supplicating to Him. They cite as evidence the many stories of the Companions’ blessings of the Prophet Muhammad. 4634: 6811: 3108: 2258: 11934: 3497: 14705: 6180:(or Ibn al-'Arabi) (AH 561 – AH 638; July 28, 1165 – November 10, 1240) is regarded as one of the most influential Sufi masters in the history of Sufism, revered for his profound spiritual insight, refined taste, and deep knowledge of God. Over the centuries, he has been honored with the title "The Grand Master" (Arabic: الشيخ الأكبر). Ibn Arabi also founded the Sufi order known as " 683: 4347:), and is able to enter the order with a glimpse of its endpoint, of direct apprehension of the Divine Presence towards which all spiritual striving is directed. This does not replace the striving to purify the heart, as in the other branch; it simply stems from a different point of entry into the path. This is the way primarily of the masters of the Naqshbandi and 6930:(Critical Study of Indian Speech: Rationally Acceptable or Rejected) discusses the similarity of some Sufism concepts with aspects of Hinduism, such as: Atma with ruh, tanasukh with reincarnation, Mokhsha with Fanafillah, Ittihad with Nirvana: union between Paramatma in Jivatma, Avatar or Incarnation with Hulul, Vedanta with Wahdatul Ujud, Mujahadah with Sadhana. 6819:

literature" in the academic study of Sufism at the expense of the lived practises in Islam, as well as a separation of Sufism from its Islamic roots in the development of Sufism as a religious form in the West. Figures like Rumi have become well known in the United States, where Sufism is perceived as a peaceful and apolitical form of Islam.

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that the divine attributes of God are manifested through Muhammad. Ibn Arabi maintains that Muhammad is the best proof of God, and by knowing Muhammad one knows God. Ibn Arabi also maintains that Muhammad is the master of all of humanity in both this world and the afterlife. In this view, Islam is the best religion because Muhammad is Islam.

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object to destiny and do not They are satisfied with God's ruling, their trust is diminished, and they rely with their hearts on the reasons, for they are their scene and the subject of their consideration, and their view is not that God Almighty is the one who disposes, gives, and prevents.. Most people live as captives of their souls.

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instance, much Sufi poetry refers to intoxication, which Islam expressly forbids. This usage of indirect language and the existence of interpretations by people who had no training in Islam or Sufism led to doubts being cast over the validity of Sufism as a part of Islam. Also, some groups emerged that considered themselves above the

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times, it has been increasingly used by scholars like Mark Sedgwick in the opposite sense, to describe various forms of Sufi-influenced spirituality in the West, in particular the deconfessionalized spiritual movements which emphasize universal elements of the Sufi tradition and de-emphasize its Islamic context.

3866: 3865: 3862: 3090:, for 20 years, until as-Samasi died. He is said to then have served several other teachers for lengthy periods of time. He is said to have helped the poorer members of the community for many years, and after this concluded his teacher directed him to care for animals cleaning their wounds, and assisting them. 1628:", "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". 3867: 4951:

was a prominent Sufi master of the 14th century, renowned for founding the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Born in 1318 in the village of Qasr-i Hinduvan near Bukhara, Uzbekistan, he was a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. His early life was marked by a deep spiritual inclination. He sought out the guidance

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is said to have castigated himself before her superior merits and sincere virtues. Rabi'a was born of very poor origin, but was captured by bandits at a later age and sold into slavery. She was however released by her master when he awoke one night to see the light of sanctity shining above her head.

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However, defying these predictions, Sufism and Sufi orders have continued to play a major role in the Muslim world, also expanding into Muslim-minority countries. Its ability to articulate an inclusive Islamic identity with greater emphasis on personal and small-group piety has made Sufism especially

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The vicissitudes of life, family affairs and financial constraints engulfed my life and deprived me of the congenial solitude. The heavy odds confronted me and provided me with few moments for my pursuits. This state of affairs lasted for ten years, but whenever I had some spare and congenial moments

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Sufi mysticism has long exercised a fascination upon the Western world, and especially its Orientalist scholars. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, European orientalists treated Sufism and Islam as distinct subjects, leading to "an over-emphasis on the translation of classical Sufi mystical

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for such knowledge to be obtained (if at all), given proper prerequisites and proper guidance by a master of the way. Furthermore, the emphasis on practices may obscure a far more important fact: The seeker is, in a sense, to become a broken person, stripped of all habits through the practice of (in

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by Abu Bakr ibn Muzaffar. He was given lessons about Tafsir by Abu Muhammad Ja'far, a commentator. His Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas. After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions

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On the one hand there is the order from the signs to the Signifier (or from the arts to the Artisan). In this branch, the seeker begins by purifying the lower self of every corrupting influence that stands in the way of recognizing all of creation as the work of God, as God's active self-disclosure

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My servant draws near to Me through nothing I love more than that which I have made obligatory for him. My servant never ceases drawing near to Me through supererogatory works until I love him. Then, when I love him, I am his hearing through which he hears, his sight through which he sees, his hand

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for human beings to aspire to emulate. Ibn Arabi believes that God's attributes and names are manifested in this world and that the most complete and perfect display of these divine attributes and names are seen in Muhammad. Ibn Arabi believes that one may see God in the mirror of Muhammad, meaning

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His aspiration preceded all other aspirations, his existence preceded nothingness, and his name preceded the Pen, because he existed before all peoples. There is not in the horizons, beyond the horizons or below the horizons, anyone more elegant, more noble, more knowing, more just, more fearsome,

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The devotional practices of Sufis vary widely. Prerequisites to practice include rigorous adherence to Islamic norms (ritual prayer in its five prescribed times each day, the fast of Ramadan, and so forth). Additionally, the seeker ought to be firmly grounded in supererogatory practices known from

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Existing in both Sunni and Shia Islam, Sufism is not a distinct sect, as is sometimes erroneously assumed, but a method of approaching or a way of understanding the religion, which strives to take the regular practice of the religion to the "supererogatory level" through simultaneously "fulfilling

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Within the Sufi tradition, the formation of the orders did not immediately produce lineages of master and disciple. There are few examples before the eleventh century of complete lineages going back to the Prophet Muhammad. Yet the symbolic importance of these lineages was immense: they provided a

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Practitioners of Sufism hold that in its early stages of development Sufism effectively referred to nothing more than the internalization of Islam. According to one perspective, it is directly from the Qur'an, constantly recited, meditated, and experienced, that Sufism proceeded, in its origin and

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In July 2016, at International Sufi Festival held in Noida Film City, UP, India, H.E. Abdul Basit who was the High Commissioner of Pakistan to India at that time, while inaugurating the exhibition of Farkhananda Khan ‘Fida’ said, "There is no barrier of words or explanation about the paintings or

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and used by other scholars to describe reformist currents among 18th century Sufi orders, whose goal was to remove some of the more ecstatic and pantheistic elements of the Sufi tradition and reassert the importance of Islamic law as the basis for inner spirituality and social activism. In recent

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As a mystic and ascetic aspect of Islam, it is considered as the part of Islamic teaching that deals with the purification of the inner self. By focusing on the more spiritual aspects of religion, Sufis strive to obtain direct experience of God by making use of "intuitive and emotional faculties"

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Naqshbandi order became one of the most influential Sufi orders in Islamic history. It spread throughout Central Asia, the Middle East, and eventually to South Asia and the West. The order's emphasis on spiritual discipline, inner work, and social engagement resonated with many seekers.Bahauddin

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In the hadith (Whoever knows himself knows his Lord), the Sufis said: Whoever knows himself with imperfection, need, and servitude, knows his Lord with perfection, richness, and divinity, but few people know themselves in this sense and see it as it really is, so most people dispute divinity and

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In short, Muslim scholars who focused their energies on understanding the normative guidelines for the body came to be known as jurists, and those who held that the most important task was to train the mind in achieving correct understanding came to be divided into three main schools of thought:

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stated, "He who chooses a path contrary to that of the prophet shall never reach the destination. O Saadi, do not think that one can treat that way of purity except in the wake of the chosen one." Rumi attributes his self-control and abstinence from worldly desires as qualities attained by him

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The literature of Sufism emphasizes highly subjective matters that resist outside observation, such as the subtle states of the heart. Often these resist direct reference or description, with the consequence that the authors of various Sufi treatises took recourse to allegorical language. For

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The Islamic Institute in Mannheim, Germany, which works towards the integration of Europe and Muslims, sees Sufism as particularly suited for interreligious dialogue and intercultural harmonisation in democratic and pluralist societies; it has described Sufism as a symbol of tolerance and

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As a further example, the prospective adherent of the Mevlevi Order would have been ordered to serve in the kitchens of a hospice for the poor for 1001 days prior to being accepted for spiritual instruction, and a further 1,001 days in solitary retreat as a precondition of completing that

4582:: In Sufism there must be a spiritual influence, which comes through the Sheikh who took the method from his Sheikh until the chain of reception reaches in a continuous chain of transmission from the Sheikh to the Messenger Muhammad. They say: He who has no sheikh, his sheikh is Satan. 6867:, "the Sufis are much more than tactical allies for the West: they are, potentially, the greatest hope for pluralism and democracy within Muslim nations." Likewise, several governments and organisations have advocated the promotion of Sufism as a means of combating intolerant and 3864: 3322:

summit at Mecca in December 2005, and by six other international Islamic scholarly assemblies including the International Islamic Fiqh Academy of Jeddah, in July 2006. The definition of Sufism can vary drastically between different traditions (what may be intended is simple

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The rise of Islamic civilization coincides strongly with the spread of Sufi philosophy in Islam. The spread of Sufism has been considered a definitive factor in the spread of Islam, and in the creation of integrally Islamic cultures, especially in Africa and Asia. The

6990:. Inayat Khan believed that the God worshipped by Sufis is not specific to any particular religion or creed, but is the same God worshipped by people of all beliefs. This God is not limited by any name, whether it be Allah, God, Gott, Dieu, Khuda, Brahma, or Bhagwan. 4559:: There are three basic stages of the soul, as Sufi wisdom states, as well as various verses from the Qur’an. Sufism calls them “stages” in continuous processes of development and refinement. In addition to the three main stages, four additional stages are mentioned. 3374:

For these and other reasons, the relationship between traditional Islamic scholars and Sufism is complex, and a range of scholarly opinion on Sufism in Islam has been the norm. Some scholars, such as Al-Ghazali, helped its propagation while other scholars opposed it.

1807:, one is pledging allegiance to Muhammad; therefore, a spiritual connection between the seeker and Muhammad is established. It is through Muhammad that Sufis aim to learn about, understand and connect with God. Ali is regarded as one of the major figures amongst the 4916:("Benefactor of the Poor"), he is the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order. Moinuddin Chishti introduced and established the order in the Indian subcontinent. The initial spiritual chain or silsila of the Chishti order in India, comprising Moinuddin Chishti, 7170:. In the book, he evidences a great appreciation for, and affinity to, Sufism. Followers of his path continued to foster a Jewish-Sufi form of pietism for at least a century, and he is rightly considered the founder of this pietistic school, which was centered in 2946:, the French scholar, became a Sufi in the early twentieth century and was known as Sheikh Abdul Wahid Yahya. His manifold writings defined the practice of Sufism as the essence of Islam, but also pointed to the universality of its message. Spiritualists, such as 4928:(each successive person being the disciple of the previous one), constitutes the great Sufi saints of Indian history. Moinuddin Chishtī turned towards India, reputedly after a dream in which Muhammad blessed him to do so. After a brief stay at Lahore, he reached 4243:, a favor or spiritual gift freely bestowed by God. The marvels ascribed to Islamic saints have included supernatural physical actions, predictions of the future, and "interpretation of the secrets of hearts". Historically, a "belief in the miracles of saints ( 1620:

has argued against such distinctions, stating, in the Medieval period Sufism and Islam were more or less the same. In modern scholarly usage, the term serves to describe a wide range of social, cultural, political and religious phenomena associated with Sufis.

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Unfortunately, the name "Qawwali" is now only used if there is an addition of musical instruments and at times with the "add on" of dancing and whirling depending on the mood of those present. Musical instruments are forbidden. And so is dancing if it is with

3132:) because he is the most perfect existent creature of this human species. For this reason, the command began with him and was sealed with him. He was a Prophet while Adam was between water and clay, and his elemental structure is the Seal of the Prophets." 3729:

He is to collect all of his bodily senses in concentration, and to cut himself off from all preoccupation and notions that inflict themselves upon the heart. And thus he is to turn his full consciousness towards God Most High while saying three times:

6347:(d. 465/1072), an indispensable reference book for those who study and specialize in Islamic mysticism. It is considered as one of the most popular Sufi manuals and has served as a primary textbook for many generations of Sufi novices to the present. 3019:

To the Sufi, it is the transmission of divine light from the teacher's heart to the heart of the student, rather than worldly knowledge, that allows the adept to progress. They further believe that the teacher should attempt inerrantly to follow the

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A number of Westerners have embarked with varying degrees of success on the path of Sufism. One of the first to return to Europe as an official representative of a Sufi order, and with the specific purpose to spread Sufism in Western Europe, was the

2455:). Contrary to popular perception in the West, however, neither the founders of these orders nor their followers ever considered themselves to be anything other than orthodox Sunni Muslims, and in fact all of these orders were attached to one of the 7210:, in its entry on Sufism, states that the revival of Jewish mysticism in Muslim countries is probably due to the spread of Sufism in the same geographical areas. The entry details many parallels to Sufic concepts found in the writings of prominent 7250:

is considered one of the most influential figures of Sufism, as well as one of the greatest poets of all time. He has become one of the most widely read poets in the United States, thanks largely to the interpretative translations published by

4590:: The disciple pledges allegiance to the guide, and pledges to walk with him on the path of abandoning faults, displaying good qualities, achieving the pillar of benevolence, and advancing in his stations. It is like a promise and covenant. 3536:

for gaining knowledge. The traditional scholars of Sufism hold it as absolutely axiomatic that knowledge of God is not a psychological state generated through breath control. Thus, practice of "techniques" is not the cause, but instead the

3973: 4870:). He taught that his followers need not abstain from what Islam has not forbidden, but to be grateful for what God has bestowed upon them, in contrast to the majority of Sufis, who preach to deny oneself and to destroy the ego-self ( 6521: 4472:: It is a light that comes to those who walk in their journey to God. He reveals to them the veil of sense, and removes from them the causes of matter as a result of the striving, seclusion and remembrance they take themselves with. 3384:

theology, philosophy, and Sufism. This leaves us with the third domain of human existence, the spirit. Most Muslims who devoted their major efforts to developing the spiritual dimensions of the human person came to be known as Sufis.

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Sufism is the esoteric or inward dimension of Islam Islamic esoterism is, however not exhausted by Sufism but the main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization of Islamic esotericism is to be found in

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are thought of as faculties that are to be purified sequentially in order to bring the seeker's wayfaring to completion. A concise and useful summary of this system from a living exponent of this tradition has been published by

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Opposition to Sufi teachers and orders from more literalist and legalist strains of Islam existed in various forms throughout Islamic history. It took on a particularly violent form in the 18th century with the emergence of the

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Since the first Muslim hagiographies were written during the period when Sufism began its rapid expansion, many of the figures who later came to be regarded as the major saints in Sunni Islam were the early Sufi mystics, like

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The term Sufism was originally introduced into European languages in the 18th century by Orientalist scholars, who viewed it mainly as an intellectual doctrine and literary tradition at variance with what they saw as sterile

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with kitchens where these seekers could serve the poor and/or complete a period of initiation, a library, and other structures. No important domain in the civilization of Islam remained unaffected by Sufism in this period.

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and others. Spiritual experiences were desired by Sufis through Sama, listening to poetry or Islamic mystical verses with the use of different musical instruments, aiming to attain ecstasy in divine love of Allah and his

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Naqshband passed away in 1389, leaving behind a rich legacy of spiritual teachings and practices. His influence continues to be felt today, as the Naqshbandi order remains a vibrant and active force in the Islamic world.

3047:. However, this belief puts Sufism in "direct conflict" with Shia Islam, since both the Qutb (who for most Sufi orders is the head of the order) and the Imam fulfill the role of "the purveyor of spiritual guidance and of 10946:

Radtke, B.; Lory, P.; Zarcone, Th.; DeWeese, D.; Gaborieau, M.; Denny, F.M.; Aubin, Françoise; Hunwick, J.O.; Mchugh, N. (2012). "Walī". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

8327:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.12: "Mystics on the other hand-and Sufism is a kind of mysticism-are by definition concerned above all with 'the mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven'". 6593: 5692: 12380:

Sheikh Shihabuddin Abu Hafs Suhrawardi was a great scholar who wrote the Awarif al-Ma'arif (The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions), which became one of the most popular Sufi books for seekers to read, memorize, and study

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that described ethical and spiritual goals and functioned as teaching tools for their attainment. Many other terms that described particular spiritual qualities and roles were used instead in more practical contexts.

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See Sefer Hammaspiq, "Happerishuth", Chapter 11 ("Ha-mmaʿaḇāq") s.v. hithbonen efo be-masoreth mufla'a zo, citing the Talmudic explanation of Jeremiah 13:27 in Chagigah 5b; in Rabbi Yaakov Wincelberg's translation,

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Massington, L.; Radtke, B.; Chittick, W.C.; Jong, F. de; Lewisohn, L.; Zarcone, Th.; Ernst, C.; Aubin, Françoise (2012). "Taṣawwuf". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

6200:(the Oneness of Being). He himself considered his writings to have been divinely inspired. As he expressed the Way to one of his close disciples, his legacy is that 'you should never ever abandon your servant-hood ( 2647:

Between the 13th and 16th centuries, Sufism produced a flourishing intellectual culture throughout the Islamic world, a "Renaissance" whose physical artifacts survive. In many places a person or group would endow a

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Sufism has contributed significantly to the elaboration of theoretical perspectives in many domains of intellectual endeavor. For instance, the doctrine of "subtle centers" or centers of subtle cognition (known as

3070:. Although approaches to teaching vary among different Sufi orders, Sufism as a whole is primarily concerned with direct personal experience, and as such has sometimes been compared to other, non-Islamic forms of 5319: 3863: 12410:. He wrote 'Awarif al-ma'arif (which can be translated variously as The Benefits of the Spiritually Learned or The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions), one of the most popular Sufi textbooks for later generations. 2264:, a "dancing" monument, built over the grave of the Sufi ascetic Amu Abdullah Suqla in 12th century. A person stands on top and shakes one minaret, causing the second minaret to move with the same oscillation. 6540: 1842:

notes that during the lifetime of Muhammad, some companions were more inclined than others to "intensive devotion, pious abstemiousness and pondering the divine mysteries" more than Islam required, such as

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O God! If I worship You for fear of Hell, burn me in Hell, and if I worship You in hope of Paradise, exclude me from Paradise. But if I worship You for Your Own sake, grudge me not Your everlasting Beauty.

2664:) to provide a gathering place for Sufi adepts, as well as lodging for itinerant seekers of knowledge. The same system of endowments could also pay for a complex of buildings, such as that surrounding the 7128:

and which bear the same titles: e.g., "Bab al-Tawakkul"; "Bab al-Taubah"; "Bab al-Muḥasabah"; "Bab al-Tawaḍu'"; "Bab al-Zuhd". In the ninth gate, Baḥya directly quotes sayings of the Sufis, whom he calls

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Traditional Islamic scholars have recognized two major branches within the practice of Sufism and use this as one key to differentiating among the approaches of different masters and devotional lineages.

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Opposed to the dry casuistry of the lawyer-divines, the mystics nevertheless scrupulously observed the commands of the divine law. the mystics belonged to all schools of Islamic law and theology of the

6376: 6278: 4573:, and are explained here according to their use among particular Sufi groups. These six subtleties are believed to be part of the self in a similar way to the way glands and organs are part of the body. 3081:

Many Sufi believe that to reach the highest levels of success in Sufism typically requires that the disciple live with and serve the teacher for a long period of time. An example is the folk story about

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channel to divine authority through master-disciple chains. It was through such chains of masters and disciples that spiritual power and blessings were transmitted to both general and special devotees.

1795:. The Hand of God is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it only to his own harm, and whosoever fulfils what he has covenanted with God, He will bestow on him a great reward. — 1811:

who have directly pledged allegiance to Muhammad, and Sufis maintain that through Ali, knowledge about Muhammad and a connection with Muhammad may be attained. Such a concept may be understood by the

2507:

are continuously disregarded by scholars as conveying the fallacious image that "Sufism" is somehow distinct from "Islam". Nile Green has observed that, in the Middle Ages, Sufism more or less was

6184:" (Arabic: الأكبرية), which remains active to this day. The order, based in Cairo, Egypt, continues to spread his teachings and principles through its own Sheikh. Ibn Arabi's writings, especially 4749:

order Many extraordinary miracles are attributed to him, as a result, some Sufis, as well as non-Sufis among Sunnis and in the community, doubt it. His genealogy on his father's side goes back to

12311:

Many of 'Abd al-Qādir's writings, sermons and prayers have been preserved; his most celebrated book, al-Ghunya li-tālibī tarīq al-haqq, was for many generations a favourite manual of instruction.

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However, later on this Simaa' was modernized to include dancing and music, thus giving rise to the concept of "whirling dervishes". This is a Bid'ah and is not the creation of orthodox Sufism.

2891:, where it is seen as a mystical expression of Islam. Sufism is traditional in Morocco, but has seen a growing revival with the renewal of Sufism under contemporary spiritual teachers such as 10886: 1948:, from the second generation of Sufis in Baghdad, was also an influential early figure, as was Junayd of Baghdad; a number of early practitioners of Sufism were disciples of one of the two. 8118:

Huss, Boaz. "“A Remarkable Resemblance:” Comparative Mysticism and the Study of Sufism and Kabbalah." Esoteric Transfers and Constructions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (2021): 249–272.

6588: 3003:". The inner law of Sufism consists of rules about repentance from sin, the purging of contemptible qualities and evil traits of character, and adornment with virtues and good character. 1588:

has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. Classical Sufi texts, which stressed certain teachings and practices of the

12853: 6371: 12965: 1889:, for example it was reported Bastami refused to eat a watermelon because he did not find any proof that Muhammad ever ate it. According to the late medieval mystic, the Persian poet 10587: 6015: 6871:. For example, the Chinese and Russian governments openly favor Sufism as the best means of protecting against Islamist subversion. The British government, especially following the 6478: 3605:

are prescribed for all Muslims and do not require Sufi initiation or the prescription of a Sufi master because they are deemed to be good for every seeker under every circumstance.

5894: 5549: 4936:, and settled down there. In Ajmer, he attracted a substantial following, acquiring a great deal of respect amongst the residents of the city. Moinuddin Chishtī practiced the Sufi 4448:

order. Frager was a trained psychologist, born in the United States, who converted to Islam in the course of his practice of Sufism and wrote extensively on Sufism and psychology.

4042:, the saint is portrayed as someone "marked by divine favor ... holiness", and who is specifically "chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work 7466: 4034:) is an Arabic word whose literal meanings include "custodian", "protector", "helper", and "friend". In the vernacular, it is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate an Islamic 4812:, with Persian roots. Qadiriyya was his patronym. Gilani spent his early life in Na'if, a town just East of Baghdad, also the town of his birth. There, he pursued the study of 5387: 5314: 2359:, Hammad, Abu al-Bayan and others of the later masters— that they do not permit the followers of the Sufi path to depart from the divinely legislated command and prohibition. 1874:

its development. Other practitioners have held that Sufism is the strict emulation of the way of Muhammad, through which the heart's connection to the Divine is strengthened.

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Studies in West African Islamic History: Volume 1: The Cultivators of Islam, Volume 2: The Evolution of Islamic Institutions & Volume 3: The Growth of Arabic Literature

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Dagli, C., Ayduz, S. (2014). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam. Vereinigtes Königreich: Oxford University Press. p. 267

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Rabi'a al-Adawiyya is known for her teachings and emphasis on the centrality of the love of God to a holy life. She is said to have proclaimed, running down the streets of

1608:

Some modern scholars have used other definitions of Sufism such as "intensification of Islamic faith and practice" and "process of realizing ethical and spiritual ideals".

6535: 5889: 5237: 3167:('Poem of the Mantle'), in which he extensively praised Muhammad. This poem is still widely recited and sung amongst Sufi groups and lay Muslims alike all over the world. 12393: 6359:(d. 505/1111). It is widely regarded as one of the most complete compendiums of Muslim thought and practice ever written, and is among the most influential books in the 5505: 9665:. Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina "Tekke in Blagaj on the Buna Spring, the natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj". 9 May 2005 2094:. However, it was not necessary to formally belong to a tariqa. In the Medieval period, Sufism was almost equal to Islam in general and not limited to specific orders. 6390: 5835: 5544: 5382: 6194:(Divine Unity), though because of their recondite nature they were often only given to initiates. Later those who followed his teaching became known as the school of 5879: 5840: 5242: 3119:

Devotion to Muhammad is the strongest practice within Sufism. Sufis have historically revered Muhammad as the prime personality of spiritual greatness. The Sufi poet

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To Sufis, the outer law consists of rules pertaining to worship, transactions, marriage, judicial rulings, and criminal law—what is often referred to, broadly, as "

21358: 13194: 7388: • "Sufism is that at each moment the servant should be in accord with what is most appropriate (awla) at that moment." ('Amr ibn 'Uthman al-Makki) 5193: 5161: 5148: 2930:. In the twentieth century, some Muslims have called Sufism a superstitious religion which holds back Islamic achievement in the fields of science and technology. 7973: 2561:

from the early medieval period onwards, when it began to permeate nearly all major aspects of Sunni Islamic life in regions stretching from India and Iraq to the

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to the tombs of saints, renowned scholars, and righteous people. This is a particularly common practice in South Asia, where famous tombs include such saints as

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tradition and a respected scholar and link in chains of Sufi transmission in all Islamic sects) held that human beings are dominated by a lower self called the

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and worship. In his pursuits, he earned the nickname "Father of the Pilgrim". His birthday is celebrated today annually in Luxor, with people convening at the

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On the other hand, there is the order from the Signifier to his signs, from the Artisan to his works. In this branch the seeker experiences divine attraction (

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which have continued until the present day. All these orders were founded by a major Islamic scholar, and some of the largest and most widespread included the

15463: 6405:(d. 632/1234), was one of the more popular Sufi books of his time, and posthumously it became the standard preparatory text book for Sufi novices around the 10573: 26672: 7616:

Massington, L.; Radtke, B.; Chittick, W. C.; Jong, F. de.; Lewisohn, L.; Zarcone, Th.; Ernst, C.; Aubin, Françoise; Hunwick, J. O. (2012) . "Taṣawwuf". In

4653:(died 801) was a mystic who represents countercultural elements of Sufism, especially with regards to the status and power of women. Prominent Sufi leader 2863:

Turkey, Persia and The Indian Subcontinent have all been a center for many Sufi lineages and orders. The Bektashi were closely affiliated with the Ottoman

2640: 2558: 21225: 13040: 9804: 6697:, such as the destruction of Sufi shrines, tombs, and mosques, suppression of Sufi orders, and discrimination against adherents of Sufism in a number of 6296: 4829:

of Iraq. In 1127, Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public. He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his own teacher,

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and discussed Sufism as a method of bypassing the rules of Islam in order to attain salvation directly. This was disapproved of by traditional scholars.

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In the modern world, the classical interpretation of Sunni orthodoxy, which sees in Sufism an essential dimension of Islam alongside the disciplines of

2339:, al-Ansari al-Harawi and Abdul-Qadir, and the latter's own shaykh, Hammad al-Dabbas the upright. He cites the early shaykhs (shuyukh al-salaf) such as 1465:. The ultimate aim of Sufis is to seek the pleasure of God by endeavoring to return to their original state of purity and natural disposition, known as 23041: 16546: 15751: 12905: 8127:@inproceedings{Peacock2019IslamLA, title={Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia}, author={Andrew A.C.S. Peacock}, year={2019}, url={ 5687: 5474: 5188: 3687:(invocation of Allah within the heartbeats). The basic idea in this practice is to visualize the Allah as having been written on the disciple's heart. 3318:, specifically recognized the validity of Sufism as a part of Islam. This was adopted by the Islamic world's political and temporal leaderships at the 15407: 13315: 13015: 6418: 5166: 3265:

It is related, moreover, that Malik, one of the founders of the four schools of Sunni law, was a strong proponent of combining the "inward science" ('

23122: 15967: 15950: 15923: 15739: 15727: 15700: 15636: 15583: 15402: 13345: 8729: 7386: • "Sufism consists of entering every exalted quality (khulq) and leaving behind every despicable quality." (Abu Muhammad al-Jariri) 6566: 7066:

There is evidence that Sufism influenced the development of some schools of Jewish philosophy and ethics. In the first writing of this kind, we see

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states that the preceding theories are false according to the point of view of Sufism. The contemporary amateur historian David Livingstone writes:

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which itself opens out on to the Divinity." Academic studies of Sufism confirm that Sufism, as a separate tradition from Islam apart from so-called

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One of the great teaching masters, who developed his uncle's methods, Abu Hafs was responsible for establishing the order that took his name, the

2895:. Mbacke suggests that one reason Sufism has taken hold in Senegal is because it can accommodate local beliefs and customs, which tend toward the 2109:

is used for a school or order of Sufism, or especially for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking

1528:, the practice of remembrance of God. Sufis also played an important role in spreading Islam through their missionary and educational activities. 25396: 15876: 15852: 15790: 15688: 15555: 5284: 4482:

means emptying and purification of the aspirant, both internally and externally, from bad morals, reprehensible behavior, and destructive deeds.

2639:. The natural and architectural ensemble, proposed for UNESCO inscription, forms a spatially and topographically self-contained ensemble, and is 2403:

In the eleventh-century, Sufism, which had previously been a less "codified" trend in Islamic piety, began to be "ordered and crystallized" into

14343: 3051:'s grace to mankind". The vow of obedience to the Shaykh or Qutb which is taken by Sufis is considered incompatible with devotion to the Imam". 26453: 15982: 15545: 11200:

For a systematic description of the diseases of the heart that are to be overcome in order for this perspective to take root, see Hamza Yusuf,

11101: 10976:. Historical Dictionaries of Africa (4 ed.). Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, an imprint of Rowman & Littlefield. p. 361. 9286:(Dissertation (Master of Science in Religion)) (in Portuguese). São Paulo: PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC/SP. Archived from 7912: 7747: 6502: 6483: 5479: 2557:

Historically, Sufism became "an incredibly important part of Islam" and "one of the most widespread and omnipresent aspects of Muslim life" in

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painted by Abbas Al-Musavi, which was a violent episode in the disagreement between the Sunni and Shia branches of Islam; during this battle,

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In popular Sufism (i.e. devotional practices that have achieved currency in world cultures through Sufi influence), one common practice is to

18163: 15392: 9400: 26405: 23758: 15219: 13555:

The Conceptualization of Guardianship in Iranian Intellectual History (1800–1989): Reading Ibn ʿArabī's Theory of Wilāya in the Shīʿa World

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attested in many faith communities. While variation exists, one description of the practice within a Naqshbandi lineage reads as follows:

3124:

through the guidance of Muhammad. Rumi states, "I 'sewed' my two eyes shut from this world and the next – this I learned from Muhammad."

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We should also bear in mind that Sufis emphasize inner development, the inner esoteric meanings of the sacred texts, and the imagination.

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the life of Muhammad (such as the "sunnah prayers"). This is in accordance with the words, attributed to God, of the following, a famous

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In the symbolism of the Sema ritual, the semazen's camel's hair hat (sikke) represents the tombstone of the ego; his wide, white skirt (

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in this life. The chief aim of all Sufis is to seek the pleasure of God by working to restore within themselves the primordial state of

25441: 25368: 22566: 21667: 16614: 15962: 12038: 8877: 7139:

did not go so far as to approve of the asceticism of the Sufis, although he showed a marked predilection for their ethical principles.

3931: 1815:, which Sufis regard to be authentic, in which Muhammad said, "I am the city of knowledge, and Ali is its gate." Eminent Sufis such as 9703: 8017: 25246: 21645: 21329: 21245: 16149: 15955: 15763: 15756: 15744: 15629: 15617: 15303: 10995:

QUBBA. The Arabic name for the tomb of a holy man... A qubba is usually erected over the grave of a holy man identified variously as

2835: 25692: 8448: 6893:

as saying that "this (Sufism) was a form of wisdom known to and practiced by a succession of sages including the mysterious ancient

3058:

Some teachers, especially when addressing more general audiences, or mixed groups of Muslims and non-Muslims, make extensive use of

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or more compassionate, than the subject of this tale. He is the leader of created beings, the one "whose name is glorious Ahmad". —

1894: 1513: 10469:

Al-Ghazali on Disciplining the Soul and on Breaking the Two Desires: Books XXII and XXIII of the Revival of the Religious Sciences

21309: 21230: 18675: 16736: 16091: 13682: 13655: 12939: 8384:, p. 30. "According to Idries Shah, Sufism is as old as Adam and is the essence of all religions, monotheistic or not." See 3359: 2491:. Thus, it is precisely because it is historically proven that "many of the most eminent defenders of Islamic orthodoxy, such as 1713: 1057: 13621: 12886: 10393:"Hadith 25, 40 Hadith Qudsi - Forty Hadith Qudsi - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)" 7432: 7325:

Many painters and visual artists have explored the Sufi motif through various disciplines. One of the outstanding pieces in the

4430:), the person of faith and moderation (dominated by the spiritual heart), and the person lost in love for God (dominated by the 21250: 20198: 18107: 16501: 12468: 23326: 15451: 15308: 1616:

of Islam. It was often mistaken as a universal mysticism in contrast to legalistic orthodox Islam. In recent times, Historian

25552: 21260: 21217: 19675: 17847: 17256: 16746: 16728: 16581: 16531: 14878: 14431: 14375: 14332: 14271: 14250: 14226: 14205: 14184: 14144: 14125: 14101: 14044: 13726: 13692: 13665: 13631: 13597: 13563: 13529: 13470: 13434: 13157: 13052: 12401: 11817:

Bhattacharya, Ananda (2008). "Madariya Sufi Silsila Their Distinctive Characteristics and Relations with the Indian Powers".

11782: 11689: 11664: 11292: 11209: 11189: 10981: 10613: 10591: 10522: 10476: 10455: 10430: 10418: 10223: 10051: 9984: 9960: 9933: 9893: 9869: 9845: 9627: 9606: 9559: 9547: 9352: 9329: 9252: 9171: 9081: 8971: 8844: 8495: 8282: 8213: 7888: 7788: 7709: 7655: 7538: 7215: 6327: 6320: 4191:(which is usually televised on Moroccan National television). This action has voiced particular condemnation by the Salafis. 3393:

Persians played a huge role in developing and systematising Islamic mysticism. One of the first to formalise the science was

944: 11749:

Sonn, Tamara (1996-10-10). Interpreting Islam: Bandali Jawzi's Islamic Intellectual History. Oxford University Press. pp. 30

9737:. Volume 4: Islamic Cultures and Societies to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–61. 4046:." The doctrine of saints was articulated by Islamic scholars very early on in Muslim history, and particular verses of the 26017: 23036: 19218: 17857: 14542: 13859: 6402: 6289: 5466: 4541:): This is what is received in awe through abundance. It was said: Inspiration is the knowledge that falls into the heart. 6301: 6050: 5510: 26135: 25416: 25017: 17201: 13190: 11758:

Griffel, Frank (2016). "Al-Ghazali". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 ed.)

6311:(d. 386/996), an encyclopedic manual of Sufism (Islamic mystical teachings), which would have a significant influence on 6164: 5949: 5137: 3319: 1656:

calls other etymological hypotheses "untenable". Woolen clothes were traditionally associated with ascetics and mystics.

18518: 13860:"Islamic verses / The influence of Muslim literature in the United States has grown stronger since the Sept. 11 attacks" 13587: 13553: 13113: 11079: 10971: 10534: 10293: 6064: 4843:, and in the afternoon he held discourse on the science of the heart and the virtues of the Quran. He is the founder of 4569:: The Six Latifs in Sufism are psychological or spiritual “organs” and, sometimes, perceptual and extrasensory tools in 3945:

Nowadays, the songs last for about 15 to 30 minutes, are performed by a group of singers, and instruments including the

3183:). Ibn Arabi regards Muhammad as the supreme human being and master of all creatures. Muhammad is therefore the primary 26345: 26075: 25957: 25411: 23996: 21930: 15869: 15795: 15705: 14401: 13914: 13519: 12422: 10626: 10200: 8799: 8705: 8533: 7981: 6972:

is alleged to have imported certain concepts from Hindusim into his version of Sufism under the conceptual umbrella of

6425: 2269:... religious duties" and finding a "way and a means of striking a root through the 'narrow gate' in the depth of the 2097:

Sufism had a long history already before the subsequent institutionalization of Sufi teachings into devotional orders (

14281:

Rahimi, Sadeq (September 2007). "Intimate Exteriority: Sufi Space as Sanctuary for Injured Subjectivities in Turkey".

13765:(Feldheim), p. 429 and above, p. 427. Also see ibid., Chapter 10 ("Iqquḇim"), s.v. wa-halo yoḏeʾaʿ atta; in 13091: 11740:

Al Beirawi, Abu Ismael (12 April 2016). Essays on Ijtihad in the 21st Century. CreateSpace. p. 35. ISBN 9781539995036.

11391: 10673: 9662: 2340: 26395: 25221: 22451: 21112: 21066: 20726: 20720: 14163: 13123: 13085: 12743: 12709: 12649: 12610: 12576: 12542: 12497: 12444: 12373: 12338: 12304: 12270: 12236: 12198: 12160: 12126: 12091: 12056: 12022: 11855: 11639: 11612: 11585: 11316: 11234: 10870: 10019: 9756: 9344:

Deliverance from Error: An Annotated Translation of Al-Munqidh Min Al Dal−al and Other Relevant Works of Al-Ghaz−al−i

9308: 9216: 8775: 8642: 8576: 8424: 8356: 8172: 8104: 7853: 7460: 7047: 6219:("I am the Truth"), his ecstatic Sufism and state-trial. His refusal to recant this utterance, which was regarded as 1705:, meaning: self-purification), which is also widely used in Sufism. These two explanations were combined by the Sufi 1122: 19578: 13939: 13873: 13251: 11025:

Theologie und Gesellschaft im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert Hidschra. Eine Geschichte des religiösen Denkens im frühen Islam

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In most other Muslim-majority countries, attacks on Sufis and especially their shrines have come from adherents of

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describes the Sufis as those who belong to the path of the Sunna and represent it in their teachings and writings.

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William Montgomery Watt, Al-Ghazali: The Muslim Intellectual, p. 180. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963.

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means adorning the aspirant, both internally and externally, with virtuous morals, good behavior, and good deeds.

26410: 26305: 25431: 25426: 25382: 25012: 23856: 23100: 22085: 21467: 21283: 19889: 19837: 19446: 18494: 18158: 17046: 16926: 13494: 10999:(saint), faki, or shaykh since, according to folk Islam, this is where his baraka is believed to be strongest... 7164:). From the extant surviving portion it is conjectured that the treatise was three times as long as his father's 6395: 6335:(d. 430/1038), which is a voluminous collection of biographies of Sufis and other early Muslim religious leaders. 1304: 15943: 15881: 15857: 15693: 15671: 15600: 15588: 11657:

Global Flows, Local Appropriations: Facets of Secularisation and Re-Islamization Among Contemporary Cape Muslims

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has been the museum's associate curator of Islamic art, is a large 19th- or early-20th-century portrayal of the

7194:), practiced spiritual retreats, solitude, fasting and sleep deprivation. The Jewish Sufis maintained their own 6705:

banned all Sufi orders and abolished their institutions in 1925, after Sufis opposed the new secular order. The

1917:, were not known as Sufis during their lifetimes, but later came to be identified as such due to their focus on 1584:), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. The Arabic term 1554:. It has also influenced various forms of spirituality in the West and generated significant academic interest. 26265: 26090: 25363: 24382: 24323: 24210: 24089: 24021: 22429: 22067: 21986: 21532: 21090: 20988: 20131: 17874: 17852: 17166: 17131: 16607: 16272: 14468: 11142:

Gardet, L. (2012). "Karāma". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

10409:

For an introduction to the normative creed of Islam as espoused by the consensus of scholars, see Hamza Yusuf,

9751:, pg. 57. Part of the New Horizons in Islamic Studies series. Ed. Masatoshi Kisaichi. London: Routledge, 2006. 9045: 9024: 7014: 6666: 4402:

has influenced many areas of thinking both within and outside of Islam, drawing primarily upon three concepts.

3813:, and spinning one's body in repetitive circles, which has been seen as a symbolic imitation of planets in the 3667: 3463: 3011: 1249: 24502: 24377: 9812: 7384: • "Sufism is that you should not possess anything nor should anything possess you." (Samnun) 6292:(d. 632/1234) is reported to have said: "if it were not for the Ta'arruf, we would know nothing about Sufism". 2117:(guide) who plays the role of leader or spiritual director. The members or followers of a tariqa are known as 26415: 25830: 25567: 25231: 25080: 25002: 24424: 23466: 22999: 21638: 20900: 20659: 20394: 18001: 17884: 17141: 16961: 14664: 12677: 10825: 6889:

states that Sufism is universal in nature, its roots predating the rise of Islam and Christianity. He quotes

5858: 5623: 4876:) "Order of Patience" (Tariqus-Sabr), Shadhiliyya is formulated to be "Order of Gratitude" (Tariqush-Shukr). 3083: 3039:" (Pole or Axis of the Universe)—a man who is the perfect channel of grace from God to man and in a state of 2892: 2845:

The relationship of Sufi orders to modern societies is usually defined by their relationship to governments.

2452: 993: 13304: 9322:

Classical Spirituality in Contemporary America: The Confluence and Contribution of G.I. Gurdjieff and Sufism

5497: 4372:, proposes a complete devotional spirituality adequate to those without access to a master of the Sufi way. 3577:

through a specific devotional act, such as the repetition of divine names, supplications and aphorisms from

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Practical Mysticism in Islam and Christianity: A Comparative Study of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Meister Eckhart

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of Muhammad that he refused to eat a watermelon because he could not establish that Muhammad ever ate one.

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is regarded as an important element in different Sufi orders. In South Asia, it is affiliated mostly with

5069:, he journeyed to India to spread the Islamic faith, where he founded the Madariyya order. His tomb is at 26677: 26483: 26195: 26190: 25962: 24485: 24446: 24001: 23915: 23483: 21835: 21554: 21419: 21235: 21003: 20796: 20231: 19820: 18705: 18569: 17917: 17231: 16741: 16718: 16713: 16623: 15205: 15025: 14636: 8608:"Taking Initiation (Bay'ah) | The Naqshbandiyya Nazimiyya Sufi Order of America: Sufism and Spirituality" 6872: 6678: 5679: 5671: 5121: 4830: 4817: 4729:(1255–1296) is an Egyptian Sunni Sufi imam, and the last of the four poles of supervision of Sufism with 4366:. This approach entails strict adherence to the way of Muhammad, in the understanding that this wont, or 4038:, otherwise referred to by the more literal "friend of God". In the traditional Islamic understanding of 3441: 2713:

Around the turn of the 20th century, Sufi rituals and doctrines also came under sustained criticism from

1501: 1072: 899: 24517: 24507: 17279: 6910: 6645: 6432:

and proverbs (some counted it 264) containing precise contemplative reflections on man's relations with

3136:

claimed that he praised Muhammad in such a manner that was not done before by any poet, in his book the

3043:(sanctity, being under the protection of Allah). The concept of the Sufi Qutb is similar to that of the 2250: 26620: 25261: 25206: 24902: 23642: 23149: 21830: 21772: 21314: 21197: 20714: 20191: 19224: 18819: 18805: 18544: 18289: 18063: 17545: 17176: 17136: 16871: 16788: 16642: 16494: 14393: 13341: 12534: 12014: 11476: 8188:

Milani, Milad (2012). "The Cultural Products of Global Sufism". In Cusack, Carol; Norman, Alex (eds.).

6890: 6383: 6112: 5655: 5413: 4791: 4407: 2848: 1720:

or the bench"), who were a group of impoverished companions of Muhammad who held regular gatherings of

1112: 17: 23230: 9925: 7378: • "Sufism consists of abandoning oneself to God in accordance with what God wills." ( 6603:(d. 1137/1725). He started this voluminous Qur'anic commentary and completed it in twenty-three years. 4514:, generally understood to be the product of a Sufi's spiritual practices while on his way toward God. 26508: 26297: 26155: 25607: 24495: 24274: 23905: 23535: 23080: 22212: 21964: 21801: 21756: 21394: 21095: 20924: 20620: 20400: 20363: 20142: 18771: 18489: 18140: 17902: 17126: 17031: 17006: 16856: 16600: 16571: 14514: 14353: 13586:

Madzillah-ul-Aqdus, Sultan ul Ashiqeen Hazrat Sakhi Sultan Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman (11 March 2015).

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Sufism in an Age of Transition: ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī and the Rise of the Islamic Mystical Brotherhoods

8991: 7621: 6640: 5866: 4948: 4071: 3179:

regards that the first entity that was brought into existence is the reality or essence of Muhammad (

2297:

is regarded as a science of the soul that has always been an integral part of Orthodox Islam. In his

1897:(died c. 716) was the first person to be called a "Sufi". The term also had a strong connection with 1783: 1207: 919: 24613: 20054: 13217: 11731:

Janin, Hunt (2005). The Pursuit of Learning in the Islamic World. McFarland. p. 83. ISBN 0786419547.

11488: 11338: 4387:) addresses the matter of the awakening of spiritual intuition. In general, these subtle centers or 2380: 2130:

Over the years, Sufi orders have influenced and been adopted by various Shi'i movements, especially

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Mystic regimes : Sufism and the state in Iran, from the late Qajar era to the Islamic Republic

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Man holding the hem of his beloved, an expression of a Sufi's agony of longing for the divine union

2978:

While all Muslims believe that they are on the pathway to Allah and hope to become close to God in

2963: 2693: 1139: 939: 22989: 13965:

Ghani, Kashshaf (2023-11-29). Sufi Rituals and Practices: Experiences from South Asia, 1200-1450.

10490: 9987:, for a detailed description of the practices and preconditions of this sort of spiritual retreat. 8607: 8549: 5153: 4710:

was a recognized and influential Sufi personality from Shattari order. Bastami was born in 804 in

4426:(soul). These interact in various ways, producing the spiritual types of the tyrant (dominated by 1787:. By pledging allegiance to Muhammad, the Sahabah had committed themselves to the service of God. 26463: 26400: 26350: 26310: 26255: 25890: 25885: 25775: 25722: 25612: 25542: 25338: 25149: 25064: 24269: 24247: 24046: 23868: 23393: 23031: 22958: 22642: 22013: 21813: 21722: 21412: 20286: 20045: 20009: 18029: 17987: 17842: 17457: 17246: 17151: 16981: 16936: 16802: 15031: 14692: 14528: 13966: 12568: 12152: 11981: 11886: 9715: 9507: 9412: 8658: 7774: 7556:"Legal Knowledge by Application: Sufism as Islamic Legal Hermeneutics in the 10th/12th Centuries" 7444: 7206: 7166: 7025: 6799: 6057: 5965: 5904: 4917: 4855: 4313:), residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes. 4180: 4109: 3457: 3340: 3087: 2751:

recently defining "Sunni orthodoxy" as being a follower "of any of the four schools of thought (

2448: 2444: 2412: 2059:: "Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him; if you can't see Him, surely He sees you." Sufis 734: 31: 20440: 12368:(Registered name: Hachette Book Publishing India Pvt. Ltd) An Hachette UK company. p. 122. 9303:

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were interpreted by early Muslim thinkers as "documentary evidence" of the existence of saints.

26330: 26225: 26185: 26165: 26022: 25997: 25902: 25875: 25825: 25795: 25785: 25702: 25667: 25652: 25637: 25592: 25527: 25201: 25132: 25037: 25032: 24773: 24696: 24458: 24340: 24264: 24061: 24051: 23910: 23878: 23816: 23787: 23294: 23289: 23095: 22976: 22936: 22721: 22062: 22057: 22037: 22033: 21564: 21493: 21462: 21402: 20384: 20379: 20297: 19727: 19681: 19070: 18751: 18246: 17907: 17837: 17797: 17782: 17462: 17216: 17121: 17106: 17097: 16976: 16941: 16866: 16561: 15253: 14966: 14348: 12796: 10167: 8697: 8687: 7428: 6986: 6727: 6188:

and Fusus al-Hikam, have been studied within all the Sufi orders as the clearest expression of

6185: 6038: 5757: 5726: 5567: 3919: 3044: 2903: 2876: 2745: 2636: 2286: 2066: 1653: 1536: 1504:. Although the overwhelming majority of Sufis, both pre-modern and modern, remain adherents of 1350: 1330: 1188: 954: 101: 12355: 12324: 11424: 9950: 8834: 8632: 7149:, believed that Sufi practices and doctrines continue the tradition of the biblical prophets. 6709:

has harassed Shia Sufis, reportedly for their lack of support for the government doctrine of "

3597:, or "to seek a state of godwariness". The Quran refers to Muhammad as the very embodiment of 3086:, who gave his name to the Naqshbandi Order. He is believed to have served his first teacher, 2887:. Sufism is popular in such African countries as Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Sudan, Morocco, and 2316:, covering only five of the seventy-eight sermons of the book, but showing that he considered 1791:

Verily, those who give Bay'âh (pledge) to you (O Muhammad) they are giving Bay'âh (pledge) to

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Rumi and Islam: Selections from His Stories, Poems, and Discourses, Annotated & Explained

14010: 13979: 13460: 13047:, Cambridge Companions to Religion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 233–256, 12735: 12516: 12487: 12290: 12118: 12048: 12004: 11772: 10256: 9620:

Sufi Heirs of the Prophet: The Indian Naqshbandiyya and the Rise of the Mediating Sufi Shaykh

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The persecution of Sufism and Sufi Muslims over the course of centuries has included acts of

6581: 6285: 5920: 5429: 4921: 3958: 3335: 2072: 1910: 1906: 1183: 1008: 792: 747: 23277: 23225: 19645: 16154: 15768: 14154:

Ernst, Carl W. (2010). "Muḥammad as the Pole of Existence". In Brockopp, Jonathan E. (ed.).

9918: 9504:"Is orthodox Islam possible without Sufism? – Shaykh Abdal Hakim Murad (Dr. Timothy Winter)" 7748:"Back to Basics | Tazkiyah: An Introduction to Spiritually Blossoming This Islamic New Year" 7452: 3445: 2986:—Sufis also believe that it is possible to draw closer to God and to more fully embrace the 2665: 2331:, and to argue this point he lists over a dozen early masters, as well as more contemporary 26667: 26561: 26551: 26536: 26443: 26370: 26340: 26315: 26280: 26240: 26235: 26210: 26080: 26002: 25952: 25932: 25922: 25810: 25757: 25732: 25582: 25577: 25557: 25522: 25507: 25451: 25226: 25159: 25127: 25007: 24942: 24808: 24686: 24539: 24419: 24318: 24230: 24198: 24193: 24041: 23773: 23048: 22632: 22392: 22003: 21947: 21898: 21883: 21736: 21177: 21084: 21029: 19391: 18798: 18656: 18581: 18426: 18241: 18089: 17994: 17973: 17832: 17787: 17772: 17321: 17171: 17161: 17146: 16966: 16931: 16921: 16916: 16891: 16382: 16211: 15656: 15429: 15167: 15043: 14863: 12365: 11899: 11202:

Purification of the Heart: Signs, Symptoms and Cures of the Spiritual Diseases of the Heart

9719: 9643:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Tentative List of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 11 December 2007 9020: 8385: 8025: 7841: 7231: 6962: 6662: 6630: 6600: 5957: 5615: 5536: 5458: 5111: 4125: 3993: 2811: 2721:

well-suited for contexts characterized by religious pluralism and secularist perspectives.

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A Sufi-Jewish Dialogue: Philosophy and Mysticism in Bahya ibn Paquda's Duties of the Heart

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The name of Allah as written on the disciple's heart, according to the Sarwari Qadri Order

8: 26566: 26541: 26521: 26498: 26425: 26375: 26355: 26270: 26260: 26215: 26175: 26130: 26125: 26115: 26105: 26100: 26095: 26085: 26070: 26065: 26060: 26055: 26050: 26027: 25937: 25912: 25790: 25780: 25742: 25712: 25697: 25682: 25672: 25662: 25627: 25622: 25572: 25517: 25492: 25436: 25293: 25281: 25169: 25164: 25154: 25022: 24823: 24736: 24681: 24657: 24544: 24429: 24387: 24182: 24031: 23659: 23451: 23331: 23117: 22914: 22799: 22727: 22617: 22538: 22365: 22018: 21842: 21688: 21407: 21288: 21182: 20998: 20495: 20292: 20063: 19830: 19625: 19396: 19127: 19004: 18643: 17943: 17869: 17211: 16861: 16675: 16113: 15113: 14978: 14485: 13623:

Risala Roohi Sharif (The Divine Soul): English Translation and Exegesis with Persian Text

12592: 12062: 10703: 10651: 9136: 8683: 8452: 8338: 8254: 7072: 6894: 6820: 6612: 6231: 5850: 5785: 5773: 5583: 5252: 5221: 4974: 4619: 3905: 3484: 3196: 3112: 3075: 3035:("the Perfect Man"). This doctrine states that there will always exist upon the earth a " 2737: 2274: 1961: 1901:, with three of the earliest scholars to be called by the term being Abu Hashim al-Kufi, 1844: 1776: 1729: 1489: 1297: 1193: 827: 727: 534: 8351:. The perennial philosophy series. Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom, Inc. p. 74. 6386:(d. 561/1166). Translated from Arabic into English for the first time by Muhtar Holland. 4325:

The works of Al-Ghazali firmly defended the concepts of Sufism within the Islamic faith.

3701: 1709:(d. 322 AH), who said, "The Sufi is the one who wears wool on top of purity." 26546: 26526: 26493: 26390: 26380: 26325: 26320: 26250: 26230: 26220: 26205: 26200: 26180: 26150: 26145: 26120: 26110: 26042: 26007: 25992: 25897: 25870: 25860: 25820: 25805: 25800: 25752: 25747: 25687: 25642: 25602: 25497: 25484: 25271: 25196: 25069: 24892: 24566: 24524: 24365: 24333: 24308: 24235: 24215: 24036: 23984: 23972: 23950: 23542: 23500: 23373: 23198: 23193: 23188: 23009: 22793: 22769: 22148: 22072: 21820: 21766: 21569: 21483: 21334: 21270: 21078: 21054: 20731: 20709: 20669: 20559: 20472: 20423: 20389: 20280: 19994: 18872: 18828: 18573: 18386: 18273: 18047: 18008: 17922: 17757: 17720: 17682: 17604: 17479: 17251: 17036: 16911: 16886: 16708: 16695: 16566: 16536: 15137: 15078: 15072: 14556: 14500: 14461: 14318: 14306: 14298: 14111: 14015: 13384: 12970: 12935: 12858: 12637: 12558: 12252: 11880: 11826: 11326: 9535: 9222: 8999: 8942: 7906: 7727: 7701:

The garden of truth : the vision and promise of Sufism, Islam's mystical tradition

7625: 7583: 7509: 7367: 7142: 6954: 6868: 6795: 6724: 6702: 6308: 6150: 6100: 5702: 4801: 4730: 4403: 4141: 3806: 3753: 3639: 2492: 2468: 2428: 2420: 2356: 2309: 2234: 1937: 1933: 1217: 1174: 1144: 1127: 1102: 1047: 1003: 715: 436: 78: 23654: 23203: 22821: 22551: 19970: 11416: 9663:"Tekke in Blagaj on the Buna Spring, the natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj" 9122: 8128: 7530:

Secret Practices of the Sufi Freemasons: The Islamic Teachings at the Heart of Alchemy

6754: 4734: 4309:

or hospices. They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools (

3922:

melodic styles to create the genre in the 13th century. The songs are classified into

3710: 2958: 70: 26603: 26597: 26531: 26488: 26478: 26468: 26458: 26365: 26285: 26245: 26170: 26140: 26032: 25987: 25967: 25942: 25917: 25880: 25865: 25840: 25815: 25727: 25677: 25632: 25617: 25597: 25587: 25562: 25502: 25446: 25211: 24987: 24583: 24554: 24478: 24473: 24434: 24372: 24328: 24313: 24296: 24291: 24286: 24225: 23960: 23846: 23612: 23582: 23562: 23383: 23178: 23159: 23154: 23090: 23053: 22774: 22689: 22612: 22510: 22500: 22468: 22456: 22424: 22401: 22383: 22279: 22134: 22042: 22028: 21991: 21979: 21808: 21727: 21679: 21544: 21539: 21444: 21434: 21424: 21107: 20993: 20945: 20788: 20699: 20460: 20450: 20445: 20435: 20430: 20263: 20020: 19986: 19930: 19168: 19107: 19014: 18722: 18586: 18435: 18381: 18277: 17912: 17879: 17807: 17802: 17762: 17750: 17735: 17715: 17616: 17592: 17418: 17241: 17081: 17016: 16332: 16191: 15812: 15320: 15184: 15013: 14930: 14584: 14427: 14397: 14371: 14328: 14267: 14246: 14222: 14201: 14180: 14159: 14140: 14121: 14097: 14020: 13920: 13910: 13881: 13722: 13688: 13661: 13627: 13593: 13559: 13525: 13466: 13430: 13367:

Munn, Richard C. (January–March 1969). "Reviewed work(s): The Sufis by Idries Shah".

13153: 13119: 13081: 13048: 12739: 12705: 12645: 12606: 12572: 12538: 12493: 12440: 12369: 12334: 12300: 12266: 12232: 12194: 12156: 12122: 12087: 12052: 12018: 11985: 11861: 11851: 11778: 11685: 11660: 11635: 11608: 11581: 11442: 11312: 11288: 11230: 11205: 11185: 11151: 10977: 10956: 10866: 10799: 10609: 10518: 10472: 10467:

See in particular the introduction by T. J. Winter to Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali,

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Ghazzālī; Ghazzali; al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad; McCarthy, Richard Joseph (1999).

9325: 9304: 9248: 9226: 9212: 9167: 9077: 9041: 8967: 8946: 8934: 8906: 8840: 8795: 8771: 8701: 8638: 8572: 8529: 8420: 8352: 8278: 8219: 8209: 8168: 8164: 8100: 7949: 7894: 7884: 7859: 7849: 7784: 7715: 7705: 7651: 7647: 7575: 7534: 7501: 7456: 7410:"Refworld | Iran: Information on Sufism or Tasawwuf (Islamic mysticism) in Iran" 7373: 7330: 7303: 7061: 6916: 6915:

Numerous comparisons have been made between Sufism and the mystic components of some

6864: 6831: 6547: 6528: 6251: 5780: 5710: 5647: 5142: 4925: 4909: 4726: 4696: 4157: 4149: 4113: 4079: 3978: 3848:

scholars in general, is that dancing with intent during dhikr or whilst listening to

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The Heritage of Sufism: Classical Persian Sufism from Its Origins to Rumi (700-1300)

11952: 7372: • "Sufism is that you should be with God—without any attachment." ( 6847: 3161:('The Celestial Lights in Praise of the Best of Creation'), commonly referred to as 2950:, may or may not conform to the tenets of Sufism as understood by orthodox Muslims. 2823: 2127:), meaning "desirous", viz. "desiring the knowledge of knowing God and loving God". 26556: 26438: 26335: 25947: 25907: 25855: 25850: 25767: 25737: 25647: 25537: 25401: 25353: 25348: 24912: 24877: 24850: 24608: 24593: 24468: 24392: 24242: 24220: 24128: 23989: 23768: 23731: 23587: 23572: 23520: 23304: 23284: 23252: 23247: 23218: 23213: 23137: 23127: 22946: 22910: 22902: 22873: 22786: 22706: 22701: 22664: 22654: 22580: 22518: 22360: 22197: 22047: 21705: 21574: 21559: 21319: 21024: 20746: 20684: 20674: 20664: 20649: 20455: 20358: 20330: 20218: 18983: 18957: 18660: 18333: 18236: 18077: 17959: 17812: 17792: 17777: 17342: 17001: 16769: 16282: 16201: 15372: 15357: 15347: 15293: 14972: 14942: 14936: 14421: 14290: 14236: 14087: 13376: 12083: 11147: 10952: 9707: 9552:

Sufi and Scholar on the Desert Edge: Muhammad B. Oali Al-Sanusi and His Brotherhood

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Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy

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regards Muhammad as the greatest man and states, "Muhammad's wisdom is uniqueness (

3101: 2947: 2943: 2550: 2524: 1902: 1878: 1067: 1062: 1013: 998: 983: 892: 771: 228: 208: 24205: 11524: 11308:

Philosophical Sufis among Scholars (ʿulamāʾ) and Their Impact on Political Culture

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The following are among definitions of Sufism quoted in an early Sufi treatise by

2585:

are one of the strongest adherents of Sufism. Sufi poets and philosophers such as

26662: 26634: 26607: 25236: 25216: 24706: 24598: 24588: 24257: 23925: 23716: 23696: 23627: 23592: 23525: 23235: 23208: 23183: 23132: 23105: 22893: 22836: 22607: 22124: 21925: 21851: 21791: 21746: 21715: 21500: 21207: 21152: 20952: 20638: 20598: 20549: 20501: 20275: 20058: 19945: 19527: 18877: 18862: 18824: 18791: 18766: 18680: 18627: 18528: 18523: 18499: 18413: 18316: 18263: 18258: 17745: 17648: 17643: 17626: 17587: 17527: 17484: 17291: 17221: 17026: 16774: 16292: 16287: 16226: 16216: 16196: 15908: 15382: 15161: 15149: 15037: 14924: 14868: 14850: 14840: 14678: 14658: 14570: 14365: 14322: 14261: 14240: 14216: 14195: 14174: 14115: 14091: 13987: 13147: 12729: 12695: 12641: 12627: 12596: 12562: 12520: 12426: 12256: 12218: 12214: 12180: 12146: 12142: 12108: 12077: 12042: 12008: 11971: 11798: 11629: 11602: 11575: 10538: 10368: 10190: 9640: 9432: 9342: 8961: 8910: 8566: 8526:

The garden of truth: the vision and promise of Sufism, Islam's mystical tradition

8416: 8346: 8094: 7778: 7528: 7409: 7187: 7121: 7085: 6969: 6938: 6791: 6750: 6734: 6490: 6263: 6196: 5607: 5591: 5397: 5085: 5058: 4940:(peace to all) concept to promote understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims. 4898: 4738: 4707: 4638: 4578: 4570: 4399: 4247:, literally 'marvels of the friends ')" has been "a requirement in Sunni Islam". 4210: 4014: 3882: 2987: 2791: 2741: 2543: 2146: 1995: 1925: 1882: 1859: 1767: 1543: 1477: 1341: 1321: 1202: 1018: 978: 967: 949: 852: 797: 710: 635: 491: 336: 243: 233: 19667: 13077:

Making Moderate Islam: Sufism, Service, and the "Ground Zero Mosque" Controversy

11014:, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 9747:

Masatoshi Kisaichi, "The Burhami order and Islamic resurgence in modern Egypt."

7998:

Sedgwick, Mark (2012). "Neo-Sufism". In Hammer, Olav; Rothstein, Mikael (eds.).

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Contemporary scholars may also recognize a third branch, attributed to the late

4229:, lit. generosity, high-mindedness) refers to supernatural wonders performed by 2702: 2616: 25358: 25251: 25191: 24907: 24882: 24667: 24571: 24453: 24397: 24350: 23763: 23711: 23607: 23577: 23557: 23552: 23547: 23530: 23426: 23346: 23319: 23272: 23262: 22296: 21959: 21942: 21761: 21741: 21710: 21612: 21339: 21192: 21034: 20736: 20080: 19999: 19865: 19842: 19825: 19671: 19596: 19520: 19041: 18947: 18556: 18511: 18506: 18357: 18326: 18231: 18114: 17952: 17705: 17638: 17631: 17621: 17469: 17206: 17067: 16996: 16971: 16831: 16764: 16680: 16556: 16317: 16186: 16086: 15999: 15834: 15678: 15530: 15525: 15500: 15419: 15155: 15019: 14960: 14954: 14918: 14893: 13944: 13186: 11502: 11221:

Concerning this, and for an excellent discussion of the concept of attraction (

10000:, addressed to a general audience rather than specifically to his own students. 9159: 7334: 7270: 6860: 6840: 6204:), and that there may never be in your soul a longing for any existing thing'. 5928: 5749: 5718: 5599: 5213: 4750: 4654: 4650: 4564: 4516: 4500: 4451: 4383: 4355: 4233:. In the technical vocabulary of Islamic religious sciences, the singular form 4063: 4059: 4043: 3594: 3589:

as any activity in which the Muslim maintains awareness of Allah. To engage in

3410: 3248: 3205: 2783: 2748: 2632: 2624: 2610: 2546: 2539: 2528: 2392: 2166: 2154: 1929: 1914: 1867: 1848: 1689:), which in Arabic means "purity", and in this context another similar idea of 1485: 1454: 1290: 1162: 1149: 1107: 1052: 666: 376: 341: 223: 183: 168: 50: 23309: 22561: 20040: 19847: 19034: 15987: 15933: 14805: 14294: 12472: 11704:

Böwering, Gerhard. "ḠAZĀLĪ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 17 December 2012.

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s are often associated with Sufi eating and meeting rooms and hostels, called

3354: 3327:

as opposed to the various manifestations of Sufism around the Islamic world).

3299:), while he who learns Sacred Law without practicing Sufism corrupts himself ( 2939: 1905:

and Abdak al-Sufi. Later individuals included Hatim al-Attar, from Basra, and

1855:', is considered a "founding figure" in the "science of purifying the heart". 203: 26656: 25286: 24840: 24721: 24113: 24108: 24056: 23893: 23831: 23726: 23617: 23515: 23446: 23378: 23368: 23336: 23267: 23164: 23142: 23070: 22966: 22929: 22848: 22756: 22207: 22158: 21863: 21515: 21352: 21202: 20741: 20704: 20679: 20564: 20004: 19934: 19914: 19876: 19495: 19480: 19244:

Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī

19051: 18976: 18786: 18747: 18734: 18709: 18615: 18404: 18376: 18253: 18207: 18125: 17824: 17725: 17710: 17700: 17535: 17497: 17474: 17436: 17347: 17077: 17071: 17061: 17049: 16458: 16257: 16231: 16181: 15722: 15570: 15485: 15273: 15248: 15001: 14903: 14536: 14508: 14454: 14367:

Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qurʼan, Miraj, Poetic and Theological Writings

14361: 14024: 13885: 12820:"Sehwan blast: Death toll reaches 90 as two more victims succumb to injuries" 12725: 12691: 12633: 12407: 12224: 12176: 11446: 10356:(...) uncle of the famous early Persian Ṣūfī Junayd al-Baghdādī (d. 298/911). 10118: 10029: 8987: 8938: 8930: 8223: 7953: 7719: 7579: 7505: 7337:, a pious grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, died and is considered a 7295: 7291: 7264: 7252: 6942: 6775: 6746: 6670: 6527:(The Brides of Explication Concerning the Hidden Realities of the Qur'an) by 6406: 6138: 5405: 5351: 5229: 4983: 4903: 4623: 4511: 4438: 4338:. This is the way of Imam Al-Ghazali and of the majority of the Sufi orders. 4183:

and the yearly visitation to see the current Sheikh of the Qadiri Boutchichi

3989: 3841: 3775: 3762: 3744: 3651: 3647: 3437: 3422: 3311: 3213: 3201: 3120: 2983: 2919: 2831: 2795: 2787: 2698: 2613:

world, and in resisting European imperialism in North Africa and South Asia.

2553:: "Though outwardly shahs stand before him, he fixes his gazes on dervishes." 2472: 2432: 2408: 2302: 2222: 2210: 2178: 2162: 2131: 1551: 1381: 1227: 1132: 1092: 539: 496: 456: 366: 351: 311: 306: 128: 23955: 19966: 13924: 13521:

Islamic Philosophy of Religion: Synthesis of Science Religion and Philosophy

11865: 9920:

An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism

9480:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), pp. 16–17 8860: 7944: 7927: 7863: 7256: 7124:

there are sections which treat of the same subjects as those treated in the

3542:

the words of Imam Al-Ghazali) solitude, silence, sleeplessness, and hunger.

2970:, Pakistan. Known for its multitude of Sufi shrines, Multan is nicknamed as 26646: 25421: 25323: 25184: 24872: 24867: 24845: 24835: 24716: 24148: 24083: 24026: 24011: 23977: 23602: 23510: 22528: 22419: 22414: 22265: 22235: 22109: 22077: 21825: 21796: 21783: 21602: 21527: 21187: 21039: 20917: 20633: 20537: 20525: 20239: 20032: 19961: 19749:

Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī

19689: 19662: 19653: 19553: 19030: 18846: 18781: 18474: 18371: 18362: 18268: 18022: 17690: 17609: 17540: 17404: 16901: 16841: 16816: 16797: 16161: 15495: 15352: 15188: 15107: 14830: 14550: 14074:

Babou, Cheikh Anta (2007). "Sufism and Religious Brotherhoods in Senegal".

13075: 12286: 11977: 11285:

Heart, Self & Soul: The Sufi Psychology of Growth, Balance, and Harmony

9948: 9913: 8830: 8763: 7878: 7299: 6898: 6764: 6698: 6437: 6124: 5819: 5803: 5663: 5528: 5359: 5276: 4990: 4506: 4496: 4363: 4176: 4075: 3915: 3878: 3814: 3683: 3512: 3028: 2907: 2853: 2819: 2620: 2609:. Sufism also played a role in creating and propagating the culture of the 2602: 2348: 2261: 2198: 1792: 1373: 1278: 1234: 971: 703: 692: 625: 486: 476: 421: 133: 23649: 22316: 19699: 19192: 18812: 13303:

Rabasa, Angel; Benard, Cheryl; Schwartz, Lowell H.; Sickle, Peter (2007).

13016:"The Dabistan and Orientalist views of Sufism | SOAS University of London" 11935:"تعرف على تاريخ ومولد ودورة الإمام أبو الحجاج الأقصرى السنوية × 15 معلومة" 11460: 10970:

Kramer, Robert S.; Lobban, Richard A. Jr.; Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (2013).

10850:(in Urdu). Translated by Ghulam Ahmed Biryan. Lahore: Mushtaq Book Corner. 9208: 8963:

Morals and Mysticism in Persian Sufism: A History of Sufi-Futuwwat in Iran

7810: 6984:

both referred to Muhammad as having attained perfection and titled him as

5005: 3612:

may slightly vary among each order. Some Sufi orders engage in ritualized

2245: 1677: 1666: 1646: 25343: 25318: 25142: 25110: 25101: 25047: 24977: 24962: 24855: 24746: 24407: 24355: 24143: 23861: 23841: 23681: 23622: 23360: 23356: 23169: 22679: 22627: 22597: 22434: 22288: 22180: 22104: 21969: 21905: 21856: 21164: 20654: 20593: 20520: 20407: 20014: 19736: 19704: 19649: 19515: 19213: 19178: 19160: 18952: 18689: 18619: 18299: 18198: 17767: 17740: 17730: 17667: 17572: 17562: 17557: 17389: 17372: 17196: 17111: 16951: 16826: 16277: 16221: 16020: 15258: 15143: 14835: 14650: 14620: 14592: 14385: 13804: 13243: 12966:"Militants Kill 305 at Sufi Mosque in Egypt's Deadliest Terrorist Attack" 12114: 11845: 11420: 10945: 10284: 10247: 7320: 6886: 6509: 6344: 5973: 5827: 5765: 5639: 4859: 4762: 4524: 4133: 3845: 3472: 3314:, a detailed statement issued by 200 leading Islamic scholars in 2005 in 3000: 2923: 2915: 2864: 2756: 2504: 2352: 2282: 2190: 1852: 1816: 1725: 1661: 1657: 1505: 1030: 988: 912: 426: 238: 30:

This article is about the body of mystical practice. For other uses, see

24662: 24603: 23706: 23112: 22941: 22490: 14302: 12761:"Pakistan's Sufis defiant after Islamic State attack on shrine kills 83" 11830: 11102:"Confreries: A Crossroads of Morocco's Literary and Spiritual Diversity" 9451:"Hanafi," "Hanbali," and "Maliki," and under "mysticism in..." for each. 8436:

The Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition Guidebook of Daily Practices and Devotions

7587: 7555: 7513: 7489: 7263:

is a fictionalized account of Rumi's encounter with the Persian dervish

4520:

refers to each stage a Sufi's soul must attain in its search for Allah.

3175:

According to Ibn Arabi, Islam is the best religion because of Muhammad.

2082:

Sufi orders trace most of their original precepts from Muhammad through

1759:

from the earliest days of Islam, even predating some sectarian divides.

25309: 25304: 25179: 25174: 25137: 25115: 24972: 24952: 24947: 24788: 24778: 24741: 24345: 24123: 24071: 23811: 23456: 23436: 22994: 22919: 22858: 22622: 22602: 22523: 22175: 22143: 22114: 21893: 21888: 21873: 21457: 20554: 20529: 19658: 19455: 19236: 19182: 19080: 19018: 18969: 18935: 18888: 18809: 18742: 18729: 18647: 18623: 18552: 18457: 18399: 18321: 18224: 17597: 17361: 17357: 17191: 17116: 17092: 17057: 17011: 16946: 16906: 16881: 16836: 16821: 16811: 16443: 16206: 16066: 15928: 15824: 15520: 15362: 14729: 14644: 14630: 14522: 11989: 9387:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.16 9280:

Islamic Mystique in Terræ Brasilis: Sufism and Sufi Orders in São Paulo

8243:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 7298:. It develops into a distinct art form, especially during the reign of 7195: 7146: 6786:, at least 305 people were killed and more than 100 wounded during the 6769: 6356: 6312: 6247: 6002: 5489: 5260: 5020: 4766: 4746: 4742: 4545: 4359: 4165: 4117: 3946: 3767: 3722: 3659: 3627: 3348: 3184: 3021: 2803: 2606: 2503:) were connected with Sufism" that the popular studies of writers like 2496: 2480: 2440: 2226: 2202: 2186: 2158: 2087: 1617: 1613: 1532: 1509: 1035: 597: 582: 401: 396: 381: 356: 178: 24153: 23014: 17442:

Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)

17301:

Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī

16302: 16096: 15550: 13388: 11847:

Muslim saints of South Asia : the eleventh to fifteenth centuries

11713:"Ghazali, al-". The Columbia Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17 December 2012. 10140:

Thou knowest that none of the poets have sung such praise save only I.

8438:, p. 83, Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, 2004 7277:

poets, has discussed Sufism, philosophy and Islam in his English work

4680:

and resting place of Bibi Rabia. Some believe her resting place to be

4096: 3236:("truth") are mutually interdependent. Sufism leads the adept, called 2597:(c. 1145 – c. 1221) greatly enhanced the spread of Islamic culture in 2270: 1512:

during the late medieval period. This particularly happened after the

25256: 25052: 24967: 24957: 24828: 24783: 24768: 24701: 24549: 24016: 23938: 23898: 23888: 23851: 23826: 23806: 23701: 23567: 23421: 23411: 23173: 23021: 22831: 22816: 22781: 22764: 22746: 22659: 22439: 22355: 22334: 22329: 22306: 22301: 22260: 22255: 22192: 22129: 22052: 22023: 21974: 21915: 21868: 21172: 20603: 20418: 19918: 19906: 19884: 19815: 19728:

Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī

19719: 19620: 19565: 19490: 19144: 19139: 19065: 19009: 18755: 18610: 18603: 18479: 18390: 18304: 18284: 18129: 18070: 17582: 17550: 17505:

Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī

17393: 17271: 17186: 17181: 16991: 16956: 16851: 16846: 16453: 16448: 16423: 16327: 16061: 16056: 15651: 15197: 15125: 15119: 14995: 14744: 14724: 14686: 14672: 14612: 14606: 14578: 14564: 14494: 13830: 13000:

Geaves, Ron; Gabriel, Theodore; Haddad, Yvonne; Smith, Jane Idleman.

12602: 12439:: Islamic Book Trust is affiliated with The Other Press. p. 10. 12330: 12296: 12262: 12190: 8485:

The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies by Clinton Bennett, p 328

7699: 7345:

rather there is a soothing message of brotherhood, peace in Sufism".

6977: 6923: 6836: 6738: 6470: 6441: 6429: 6177: 5994: 5575: 5520: 5329: 5095: 5035: 4998: 4964: 4844: 4772: 4681: 4585: 4335: 4310: 4067: 3986: 3837: 3836:

The traditional view of most orthodox Sunni Sufi orders, such as the

3706: 3556: 3468: 3280: 3176: 3154: 3125: 3071: 2896: 2815: 2775: 2687: 2519: 2460: 2424: 2416: 2206: 2194: 2182: 2174: 2170: 2150: 2135: 1625: 1547: 1361: 934: 516: 511: 481: 451: 446: 441: 411: 406: 391: 386: 346: 296: 291: 22711: 22240: 19909: 12421: 12002: 10930:

Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood

8752:

Essai sur les origines du lexique technique de la mystique musulmane

7032:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 4718:

and his dedication to fundamental Islamic principals and practices.

4633: 4437:

Of note with regard to the spread of Sufi psychology in the West is

2138:

order's conversion to Shia Islam from Sunni Islam and the spread of

1755:, present day Saudi Arabia and that it has existed as a practice of 1508:, certain strands of Sufi thought transferred over to the ambits of 26629: 25059: 24803: 24793: 24648: 24138: 24118: 23945: 23821: 23676: 23240: 22984: 22924: 22843: 22751: 22738: 22716: 22696: 22674: 22669: 22649: 22589: 22556: 22495: 22339: 22324: 22202: 22163: 22119: 21910: 21847: 21751: 21654: 21505: 21011: 20869: 20821: 20615: 20569: 20533: 20258: 20103: 20070: 19925: 19810: 19802: 19591: 18996: 18927: 18850: 18833: 18664: 18651: 18484: 18430: 18212: 17660: 17451: 17284: 16876: 16592: 16463: 16418: 16413: 15898: 15780: 15775: 15315: 15298: 14883: 14769: 14759: 14754: 13380: 12824: 12436: 12432: 10012:

Islamic cultures and societies to the end of the eighteenth century

9785: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9093: 7308: 7211: 7131: 6950: 6856: 6220: 5912: 5268: 5104: 5070: 4877: 4598: 4532: 4442: 4348: 3696: 3429:. Famous poems that still resonate across the Muslim world include 3163: 3067: 3063: 2979: 2927: 2827: 2706: 2669: 2598: 2531: 2218: 2091: 1998: 1991: 1918: 1695: 1597: 1448: 1442: 1438: 1387: 1369: 1244: 1212: 926: 860: 461: 361: 16377: 16171: 12110:

Sufi Warrior Saints: Stories of Sufi Jihad from Muslim Hagiography

11953:"Sufis celebrate birthday of Sheikh Abu El-Haggag at Luxor mosque" 11225:), see especially the Introduction to Abdullah Nur ad-Din Durkee, 9371:, ed. William C. Chittick (Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2007), p. 76 9340: 8998:: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by 8314:, ed. William C. Chittick (Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2007), p. 74 8096:

Striving for Divine Union: Spiritual Exercises for Suhraward Sufis

6717: 4787: 4179:, Morocco, a popular destination for such pious visitation is the 3496: 2355:, Junayd of Baghdad, and others of the early teachers, as well as 2308:

Ibn Taymiyya's Sufi inclinations and his reverence for Sufis like

25328: 24932: 24897: 24818: 24731: 24672: 24576: 24279: 24133: 23883: 23836: 23721: 23597: 23416: 22863: 22826: 22637: 22187: 22153: 21996: 21697: 21520: 21126: 20814: 20694: 20586: 20579: 20574: 20316: 20108: 20088: 20049: 19894: 19741:

Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī

19685: 19637: 19484: 19474: 19199: 19148: 19102: 18940: 18837: 18738: 18717: 18596: 18591: 18466: 18417: 18345: 18294: 18015: 17894: 17567: 17381: 17313: 16703: 16551: 16433: 16408: 16342: 16322: 16312: 16297: 16176: 16166: 16133: 16108: 16035: 15994: 15972: 15913: 15893: 15847: 15842: 15785: 15683: 15490: 15325: 15263: 15101: 14800: 14764: 14734: 14704: 12765: 12530: 12082:. Islamic History and Civilization. Vol. 71. Leiden-Boston: 9834:

Googelberg, compiled form Knowledge entries and published by Dr.

7102:

number 613 only; those dictated by the intellect are innumerable.

6946: 6742: 6654: 5437: 5009: 4979: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4606: 4488: 4477: 4445: 4418:(self, ego, person), a faculty of spiritual intuition called the 4305: 4295: 4290: 4285:

built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi

4239: 4200: 4184: 4121: 4105: 3962: 3935: 3900: 3771: 3655: 3635: 3631: 3574: 3430: 3397:– a Persian from Baghdad. Other great Persian Sufi poets include 3324: 3059: 3040: 3031:"one of the most important doctrines of Sufism is the concept of 2888: 2884: 2868: 2799: 2764: 2673: 2628: 2574: 2566: 2562: 2500: 2464: 2456: 2388: 2336: 2332: 2323:

In his commentary, Ibn Taymiyya stresses that the primacy of the

2214: 2139: 2114: 2029: 2013: 1756: 1077: 754: 607: 506: 501: 431: 416: 371: 316: 301: 281: 253: 218: 193: 158: 113: 38: 12792:"88 dead, 343 injured in Sehwan shrine explosion: official data" 12141: 11680:

Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Henry Louis Gates Jr. (2012-02-02).

10392: 10319: 10317: 9599:

A Culture of Sufism: Naqshbandis in the Ottoman World, 1450–1700

9090: 9038:

Sufi Martyrs of Love: The Chishti Order in South Asia and Beyond

8078:

Ernst, Carl W. (2004). "Tasawwuf". In Martin, Richard C. (ed.).

6331:(The Ornament of God's Friends and Generations of Pure Ones) by 4375: 3904:

was originally a form of Sufi devotional singing popular in the

3585:

takes a wide range and various layers of meaning. This includes

2906:

is instructive in this regard. Notable as well are the lives of

25241: 25120: 25105: 24924: 24813: 24798: 24756: 24534: 24412: 23686: 23441: 23431: 23065: 23026: 22868: 22476: 22446: 21044: 21018: 20977: 20938: 20855: 20768: 20689: 20490: 20485: 20252: 20176: 20113: 20093: 19974: 19938: 19122: 19025: 18962: 18841: 18684: 18638: 18118: 17427:

Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)

17385: 17332: 16667: 16479: 16468: 16438: 16428: 16403: 16398: 16372: 16337: 16307: 16267: 16262: 16252: 16128: 16123: 16118: 16103: 16081: 16076: 16071: 16051: 16030: 15977: 15888: 15807: 15641: 15560: 15397: 15387: 15288: 15278: 15066: 14739: 13499:. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). p. 12 12770: 12526: 12326:

Islamic Mysticism and Abū Ṭālib Al-Makkī: The Role of the Heart

12186: 11679: 11123: 11061: 11059: 8262: 8193: 8152: 7635: 7440: 7338: 7240: 7199: 7184: 6958: 6843: 6714: 6611:(The Vast Sea in the Interpretation of the Glorious Qur'an) by 6599:(The Spirit of Explanation in the Commentary on the Qur'an) by 6449: 6445: 6382:(Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of the Truth) by 6364: 6235: 6190: 5066: 5054: 5050: 4882: 4839: 4795: 4758: 4715: 4711: 4368: 4282: 4257: 4188: 4169: 4145: 4137: 4091: 3954: 3939: 3927: 3910: 3398: 3274: 3254: 3232: 3226: 3142: 2967: 2935: 2880: 2872: 2839: 2779: 2760: 2752: 2729: 2488: 2484: 2476: 2404: 2230: 2110: 2054: 1977: 1969: 1957: 1945: 1886: 1828: 1804: 1717: 1593: 1493: 1424: 1416: 1377: 1087: 876: 844: 836: 821: 815: 699: 577: 572: 567: 562: 466: 329: 263: 173: 138: 23632: 17292:

Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī

14045:"Exhibition of Paintings by Farkhananda Khan at Sufi Festival" 10887:"Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan : National Geographic World Music" 9459: 9457: 7152:

Abraham Maimonides' principal work was originally composed in

6928:

Tahaqeeq Ma Lilhind Min Makulat Makulat Fi Aliaqbal Am Marzula

6810: 4492:

means having spiritual experiences that strengthen the faith.

3521:

through which he grasps, and his foot through which he walks.

24937: 24711: 24691: 24676: 24252: 24078: 23873: 23736: 23691: 23671: 22853: 22250: 22096: 21878: 21293: 21118: 21072: 21060: 20862: 20848: 20807: 20480: 20337: 20323: 20244: 20207: 20098: 19134: 18759: 18560: 18548: 17350: 17325: 17296: 16685: 16367: 16362: 16357: 16352: 16347: 16247: 16025: 15918: 15903: 15712: 15578: 15510: 15480: 15475: 15377: 15342: 15268: 15243: 14825: 14820: 14810: 14795: 14785: 14749: 14719: 12361: 11182:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Order

10314: 8995: 8911:"A Comparative Exploration of the Spiritual Authority of the 7236: 7179: 7171: 7099: 6973: 6783: 6759: 6650: 6453: 6433: 6243: 6239: 5046: 4929: 4685: 4677: 4659: 4594: 4467: 4286: 4187:, Sheikh Sidi Hamza al Qadiri al Boutchichi to celebrate the 4161: 4153: 4129: 4047: 4039: 4035: 3982: 3950: 3770:

which originated among some Sufis, and practised by the Sufi

3643: 3570: 3565: 3551: 3525:

It is also necessary for the seeker to have a correct creed (

3502: 3418: 3414: 3344: 3315: 3238: 3150: 3048: 2992: 2857: 2733: 2582: 2578: 2535: 2257: 2119: 2090:

order, who trace their original precepts to Muhammad through

2046: 1966:

Historically, Sufis have often belonged to "orders" known as

1752: 1589: 1523: 1517: 1468: 1460: 1365: 1239: 1117: 808: 766: 759: 682: 674: 286: 248: 188: 163: 148: 143: 123: 118: 108: 94: 54: 12854:"Who Are Sufi Muslims and Why Do Some Extremists Hate Them?" 12357:

In Search of the Divine: Living Histories of Sufism in India

11056: 10936:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009), et passim. 10606:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path

10192:

The Mantle Odes: Arabic Praise Poems to the Prophet Muhammad

10092:

Glorification of the Prophet Muhammad in the Poems of Sa'adi

9977:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path

9862:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path

9489:

Rozina Ali, "The Erasure of Islam from the Poetry of Rumi,"

6554:

work, started by Najm al-Din Kubra, followed by his student

3828:) represents the ego's shroud. By removing his black cloak ( 3809:

or personal desires, by listening to the music, focusing on

3107: 1885:. Early on Sufism was known for its strict adherence to the 1862:, partly as a reaction against the worldliness of the early 1480:, partly as a reaction against the worldliness of the early 1413:), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as 24862: 24751: 22684: 21623: 20959: 20931: 20881: 20828: 20773: 20344: 19792:

Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī

17336: 17331:

Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-

17261: 16518: 15819: 15802: 15661: 15540: 15535: 15515: 15505: 15470: 15414: 15367: 15283: 14815: 14790: 12522:تفسير الملا علي القاري المسمى (أنوار القرآن وأسرار الفرقان) 10338: 10188: 9733:

Knysh, Alexander (2010). "Sufism". In Irwin, Robert (ed.).

9454: 7274: 7247: 6674: 6570:(Wonders of the Qur'an and Desiderata of the Criterion) by 6363:. As its title indicates, it is a sustained attempt to put 5559: 5062: 5001: 4872: 4866:(the remembrance of God out loud, as opposed to the silent 4821: 4554: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4299:, a term associated with religious visits and pilgrimages. 4278: 4230: 4005: 3923: 3849: 3801: 3618: 3426: 3402: 3284: 3277: 3270: 3209: 3036: 2725: 2649: 2590: 1985: 1898: 1890: 1675:

Another explanation traces the lexical root of the word to

1497: 1432: 868: 776: 258: 213: 198: 153: 19752:

Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī

13302: 11973:

A Brief History of Islam: With Special Reference to Malaya

11392:"Qalandaria: Brief History of Hazrat Rabia al Basri R . A" 9749:

Popular Movements and Democratization in the Islamic World

9540:

Realm of the Saint: Power and Authority in Moroccan Sufism

9379: 9377: 9267: 8235: 8233: 6933:

Other scholars have likewise compared the Sufi concept of

6181: 4833:, and was popular with students. In the morning he taught 4458:

are also noteworthy areas of intellectual accomplishment.

3673:

Some Sufi orders stress and place extensive reliance upon

1596:(exemplary teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet 24761: 24726: 23401: 22760: 17695: 15607: 14446: 13449:

by Sajid Abdul Kayum, Chapter 1: Overview and Background.

13149:

The Dying God: The Hidden History of Western Civilization

10969: 10932:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008); Idem., 9773: 8192:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 4. 4754: 4423: 3891: 3873: 3810: 3330: 2076: 1550:), Sufism has continued to play an important role in the 1401:

Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from

17437:

Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī

10934:

Tales of God Friends: Islamic Hagiography in Translation

10845: 10073: 10071: 8925:(1). International Institute of Islamic Thought: 49–74. 8141:

Knysh, Alexander D. (2006). "Ṣūfism and the Qurʾān". In

7880:

Global sufism : boundaries, structures and politics

4794:

on the underside of the dome of Hafiz Shirazi's tomb in

4362:

and explicated in his vast Qur'an commentary called the

3593:

is to practice consciousness of the Divine Presence and

3115:. Sufis believe the name of Muhammad is holy and sacred. 1712:

Others have suggested that the word comes from the term

37:"Sufi" redirects here. For sanctification in Islam, see 14076:

The International Journal of African Historical Studies

11774:

Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal

11577:

Holy people of the world: a cross-cultural encyclopedia

10369:"5 Greatest Persian Poets and Why They Remain Relevant" 10229: 9374: 8813: 8811: 8659:"Khalifa Ali bin Abu Talib – Ali, The Father of Sufism" 8564: 8230: 7773: 6580:(Lights of the Qur'an and Secrets of the Criterion) by 6493:(d. 283/896), the oldest Sufi commentary on the Qur'an. 4714:. Bayazid is regarded for his devout commitment to the 2867:

and are the heart of Turkey's large and mostly liberal

1877:

Later developments of Sufism occurred from people like

21666: 13839: 13407: 13395: 13280:. Government Promotion of Sufism. September 15, 2010. 12515: 10759:

Murad, Abdul Hakim. "Music in the Islamic Tradition."

10098: 9761: 8390: 6904: 4886:(litanies) to his followers, out of which the notable 3269:) of mystical knowledge with the "outward science" of 26618: 17489:

Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)

17452:

Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī

13715:

Nicholls, Ruth J.; Riddell, Peter G. (31 July 2020).

13620:

Bahoo, Sultan ul Arifeen Hazrat Sakhi Sultan (2015).

11878: 11265: 11227:

The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah, Volume One: Orisons

10775:"Listening to Islamic Songs with Musical Instruments" 10068: 10056: 9882:

The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah, Volume One: Orisons

9051: 8253:

Halligan, Fredrica R. (2014). "Sufis and Sufism". In

6859:—nondogmatic, flexible and non-violent. According to 6814:

A choreographed Sufi performance on a Friday in Sudan

1924:

Important contributions in writing are attributed to

1724:, one of the most prominent companion among them was 19724:

Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī

17322:

Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī

13940:"Amir Khusro & Chishti Sufi Tradition of Sima'a" 13809:

Bulletin du Centre de Recherche Français À Jérusalem

12999: 11800:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

10865:. Translated by Z. H. Faruqi. D.K. Print World Ltd. 9949:

Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman Madzillah-ul-Aqdus (2015).

9409:

The Muslim 500: The World's Most Influential Muslims

8808: 4022: 3918:

is said to have infused Persian, Arabic Turkish and

3532:

Sufi practices, while attractive to some, are not a

3379:

explains the position of Sufism and Sufis this way:

2320:

essential within the life of the Islamic community.

2273:

out into the domain of the pure arid unimprisonable

2064: 2052: 2044: 2035: 2027: 2019: 2011: 1983: 1975: 1967: 1781:'pledge') that was given to Muhammad by his 1751:

The current consensus is that Sufism emerged in the

1638: 1563: 1521: 1466: 1458: 1446: 1430: 1422: 1414: 1408: 1355: 1335: 12731:

The Biographical Encyclopedia of Islamic Philosophy

12591: 11882:

Indian Islam: a religious history of Islam in India

11038:

The Concept of Sainthood in Early Islamic Mysticism

10863:

Fawa'id al-Fu'aad: Spiritual and Literal Discourses

10446:in this context is emphasized in Muhammad Emin Er, 10350:Silvers, Laury (2013-09-01). "al-Fatḥ al-Mawṣilī". 9395: 9393: 9166:. Islamic Supreme Council of America. p. 557. 8785: 8783: 8730:""Sufism": A Tradition of Transcendental Mysticism" 8630: 8571:. Islamic Supreme Council of America. p. 644. 8129:

https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211657444}

7490:"Sufism in History and its Relationship with Power" 4978:(The Book of the Sun of Gnosis) was written by the 2312:can also be seen in his hundred-page commentary on 19768:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī 19716:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī 17430:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) 13585: 12557: 12251: 10448:The Soul of Islam: Essential Doctrines and Beliefs 10216:The Soul of Islam: Essential Doctrines and Beliefs 9917: 9641:"The natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj" 8000:The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements 7928:"Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism" 6460: 3295:) without learning Sacred Law corrupts his faith ( 2240: 2079:, and view him as their ultimate spiritual guide. 19256:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) 14172: 13874:"The Forty Rules of Love by Elif Shafak – review" 13496:American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16: 3 13462:The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India 13427:The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India 13274:"MUSLIM NETWORKS AND MOVEMENTS IN WESTERN EUROPE" 13115:An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines 12964:Walsh, Declan; Youssef, Nour (24 November 2017). 12258:Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilization and Religion 10823: 10488: 10044:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition 9886:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition 9164:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition 9109: 8836:An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines 8568:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi tradition 8476:(2007) by Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi, Suha Taji-Farouki 8190:Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production 8056:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from 8024:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from 7107:Kremer, Alfred Von. 1868. "Notice sur Sha‘rani". 6875:, has favoured Sufi groups in its battle against 4912:was born in 1141 and died in 1236. Also known as 1531:Despite a relative decline of Sufi orders in the 1453:(self purification) and the hope of reaching the 26654: 18185: 17419:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām 14158:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 123–138. 13907:The reconstruction of religious thought in Islam 12959: 12957: 12075: 12037: 11969: 11311:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 135–237. 10570:"What is Remembrance and what is Contemplation?" 9390: 9201:Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia 9138:ʿAlī – Shiʿism, Sufism, and the chivalric orders 8780: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8035: 7280:The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam 6469:, expounding the inner esoteric meanings of the 3795:) aim to reach the source of all perfection, or 2883:, and, more recently, to the United States, via 19583:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī 17433:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī 13714: 12847: 12845: 12843: 12485: 12213: 11885:. H. Milford, Oxford university press. p. 9712:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic 9.3World 9401:"Profile of Sheikh Ahmad Muhammad Al-Tayyeb on 8474:A Prayer for Spiritual Elevation and Protection 7993: 7991: 7876: 6608:Al-Bahr al-Madeed fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Majeed 3871:Kurdish Dervishes practice Sufism with playing 3778:. It is a customary dance performed within the 1982:) – congregations formed around a grand master 13721:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 181. 12182:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia 12106: 11176: 11174: 10327:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 179 9467:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2008, p. 4, note 2 9069: 7877:Piraino, Francesco; Sedgwick, Mark J. (2019). 7769: 7767: 7527:Sebottendorff, Baron Rudolf von (2013-01-17). 7177:The followers of this path, which they called 6624: 3760:Sufi whirling (or Sufi spinning) is a form of 3388: 3170: 2875:, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, 1819:refer to Ali as having a very high ranking in 1732:are considered by some to be the first Sufis. 1624:Sufism has been variously defined as "Islamic 21639: 20192: 18164:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam 17514:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) 16608: 16495: 15213: 14462: 14419: 14259: 12954: 12724: 12690: 12625: 12175: 11550:"Sultan-e-Hind: Mysticism takes centre stage" 11080:"Popular Sufi leader in Morocco dies aged 95" 10184: 10182: 9779: 9238: 9236: 8092: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8032: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7526: 7162:A Comprehensive Guide for the Servants of God 6355:(The Revival of the Sciences of Religion) by 6288:(d. ca. 380/990), a popular text about which 6158: 4376:Contributions to other domains of scholarship 3790: 3569:is the remembrance of Allah commanded in the 3303:). Only he who combines the two proves true ( 3159:al-Kawākib ad-Durrīya fī Madḥ Khayr al-Barīya 1368:which is characterized by a focus on Islamic 1298: 643: 14263:Sufism and Religious Brotherhoods in Senegal 14137:SUFISM (Origin, Growth, Eclipse, Resurgence) 14117:The Spiritual Writings of Amir ʿAbd al-Kader 12963: 12840: 12322: 12285: 11816: 11766: 11764: 11164:Jonathan A.C. Brown, "Faithful Dissenters," 11099: 10423:Imam Abu Hanifa's Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar Explained 9697: 9695: 9693: 8794:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 8528:. Harper Collins. pp. 45–3736–45-3736. 8519: 8517: 8054:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 8022:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 8011: 8009: 7988: 7732:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4782: 4741:and he is also the founder of the order the 4221: 4029: 2375: 1700: 1684: 1520:. Important focuses of Sufi worship include 1402: 99: 26673:Religious faiths, traditions, and movements 19262:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) 14344:"Pakistan's Sufis Preach Faith and Ecstasy" 14110: 13718:Insights into Sufism: Voices from the Heart 13626:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. p. 58. 13592:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. p. 49. 13145: 12220:Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam 11171: 10848:Siyar-ul-Auliya: History of Chishti Silsila 9884:; see also Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, 9791: 9575:, Khaniqahi-Nimatullahi Publications, 1992. 9522:"Dr. Jonathan A.C. Brown – What is Sufism?" 8919:American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 8865:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 5 November 2023. 8789: 7836: 7834: 7764: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7302:and his contemporary Sufi masters, such as 7198:, guided by a religious leader like a Sufi 6805: 6755:celebration of the birthdays of Sufi saints 6452:(Islamic monotheism), ethics, morality and 6234:(c. 1150 – c. 1245) was a Sufi scholar and 4808:jurist and prominent Sufi scholar based in 4761:. He was also influenced by the methods of 4316: 3996:(d. 1111), talking to a disciple, from the 2534:(d. 1627) preferring an audience with Sufi 1866:(661–750) and mainly under the tutelage of 1803:(pledging allegiance) to a legitimate Sufi 1664:both rejected all possibilities other than 1569: 1484:(661–750) and mainly under the tutelage of 21646: 21632: 20199: 20185: 19283:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) 16635: 16615: 16601: 16502: 16488: 15220: 15206: 14469: 14455: 14242:Insights Into Islamic Esoterism and Taoism 13551: 13039:Geaves, Ron (2014), Ridgeon, Lloyd (ed.), 12995: 12993: 12394:"Shihabuddin Abu Hafs 'Umar al-Suhrawardi" 12353: 12292:Sufism: An Account of the Mystics of Islam 11819:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 11770: 11141: 11137: 11135: 10735:. Vol. 6. Darul Ma'rifa. p. 396. 10667: 10665: 10663: 10661: 10629:. Mevlevi Order of America. Archived from 10179: 9996:See examples provided by Muzaffar Ozak in 9896:, which reproduces the spiritual lineage ( 9586:Islam: Religion, History, and Civilization 9275:: o Sufismo e as Ordens Sufis em São Paulo 9242: 9233: 9194: 9192: 8990:'s Biographical Dictionary, translated by 8594:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 8080:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 8064: 7911:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7797: 6720:should be the nation's political leader). 6681:which resulted in the deaths of 90 people. 6465:Sufis have also made contributions to the 6284:(The Exploration of the Path of Sufis) by 6165: 6151: 5004:order. He was born in a Berber family, in 4993:(1737–1815), in Arabic سيدي أحمد التجاني ( 4850: 3799:. This is sought through abandoning one's 3626:includes various forms of worship such as 3581:literature and the Quran. More generally, 3273:. For example, the famous twelfth-century 2871:population. They have spread westwards to 2771:in doctrines, manners and purification." 2652:to maintain a lodge (known variously as a 2627:wellspring cavern beneath a high vertical 2051:(perfection of worship), as detailed in a 2010:These orders meet for spiritual sessions ( 1305: 1291: 650: 636: 14384: 14260:Mbacké, Khadim; Hunwick, John O. (2005). 14176:Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture 14173:Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Hani (2014). 13909:(4th ed.). New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan. 13492: 13458: 13413: 13375:(1). American Oriental Society: 279–281. 11812: 11810: 11761: 11128:(4th ed.). Spoken Language Services. 11121: 11051:Drei Schriften des Theosophen von Tirmid̲ 10841: 10839: 10674:"Is it permissible to listen to Qawwali?" 9690: 8905: 8514: 8413:Qur'anic Exegesis in Classical Literature 8381: 8301:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2009), p. 223 8006: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7943: 7048:Learn how and when to remove this message 3252:) until he reaches his goal, the perfect 3191: 2732:, is represented by institutions such as 2527:dated from the early 1620s depicting the 2071:, the complete human who personifies the 24181: 18885:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 17424:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm 14341: 14317: 14086: 13938:Dehlvi, Ghulam Rasool (April 28, 2024). 13904: 13780:"Maimonides, Abraham | Encyclopedia.com" 13517: 13369:Journal of the American Oriental Society 13112:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein Nasr (1993-01-01). 11850:. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 171. 11843: 11654: 11271: 11069:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2009), p. 99 11053:, ii (Beirut-Stuttgart, 1996), pp. 68–69 10826:"Music and Singing – A Detailed Article" 10294:"A Classic Manual of Islamic Scared Law" 10235: 9908: 9906: 9550:; and for the colonial era, Knut Vikyr, 8901: 8899: 8897: 8817: 8396: 8252: 8047: 7997: 7831: 7697: 7669: 7667: 7437:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion 7416: 7230: 6830: 6809: 6644: 6567:Ghara'ib al-Qur'an wa Ragha'ib al-Furqan 6489:(Interpretation of the Great Qur'an) by 6428:(d. 709/1309), a collection of 261 Sufi 6401:(The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions) by 5038:Silsila. He was also known by the title 4963: 4897: 4786: 4771: 4632: 4320: 4095: 3972: 3859: 3748: 3700: 3555: 3495: 3456: 3353: 3334: 3195: 3106: 3010: 2957: 2847: 2692: 2672:, including a lodge for Sufi seekers, a 2615: 2518: 2379: 2256: 2244: 1990:who will trace their teaching through a 1895:Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 1644:seems to have been "one who wears wool ( 1429:) - congregations formed around a grand 1386: 1364:body of religious practice found within 25473: 19108:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī 14221:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 13835:. Vol. 11. 1906. pp. 579–581. 13680: 13653: 13215: 13185: 13073: 12990: 12884: 12148:The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy 11573: 11132: 11027:, II (Berlin-New York, 1992), pp. 89–90 10861:Auliya, Nizamuddin (31 December 1996). 10772: 10671: 10658: 10366: 9198: 9189: 9158: 8959: 8407: 8405: 8259:Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion 6993: 6268:Among the most popular Sufi works are: 4902:A Mughal-era Sufi prayer book from the 4676:There are different opinions about the 3820:As explained by Mevlevi practitioners: 3782:, through which dervishes (also called 3491: 3360:Islamic Naqshbandi saints of Allo Mahar 2549:(d. 1625); the picture is inscribed in 14: 26655: 18465: 18108:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity 15227: 14280: 14235: 14214: 14193: 14134: 14008: 13937: 13857: 13802: 13552:Chamankhah, Leila (3 September 2019). 13339: 13038: 12851: 12759:Hassan, Syed Raza (17 February 2017). 12758: 12469:Tony Blair Institute for Global Change 12428:The Book of Aphorisms (Kitab al-Hikam) 11807: 11600: 11355:. Yale University Press, 1992, p. 112. 11304: 10860: 10836: 10104: 9833: 9685:The Islamic Tradition: An introduction 9057: 8187: 7960: 7925: 7631:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 7553: 6788:November 2017 Islamic terrorist attack 6741:), who believe that practices such as 6473:. Among such works are the following: 6424:(The Aphorisms of Ibn 'Ata' Allah) by 6274:Al-Ta'arruf li-Madhhab Ahl al-Tasawwuf 6226: 6215:(died 922) is renowned for his claim, 6082:Tanbih al-'Uqul 'ala Tanzih al-Sufiyya 6077:Tanbih al-Ghabi bi-Tabri'at Ibn 'Arabi 4943: 4628: 3331:Traditional Islamic thought and Sufism 3320:Organisation of the Islamic Conference 3246:or "road" through different stations ( 3149:In the 13th century, a Sufi poet from 2953: 2514: 27:Body of mystical practice within Islam 25472: 24630: 24180: 21665: 21627: 21379: 21147: 20763: 20180: 19676:Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order 18184: 17257:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 16634: 16596: 16582:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 16532:Hilyat al-Awliya wa Tabaqat al-Asfiya 16483: 15201: 14879:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 14450: 14360: 14153: 14073: 13619: 13447:The Jamaat Tableegh and the Deobandis 13218:"The battle for the soul of Chechnya" 12912:. Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting 12697:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 12431:. Translated by Muhammed Nafih Wafy. 11436: 11381:. Yale University Press, 1992, p. 87. 11305:Akhtar, Ali Humayun (June 10, 2017). 11125:A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic 11122:Wehr, Hans; Cowan, J. Milton (1979). 10701: 10421:, and Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Maghnisawi, 10077: 10062: 9912: 9903: 9767: 9732: 9573:The Legacy of Medieval Persian Sufism 8894: 8875: 8727: 8591: 8565:Muhammad Hisham Kabbani (June 2004). 8140: 8077: 7932:American Journal of Islam and Society 7679:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2014-02-04 7664: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7487: 7469:from the original on 28 November 2018 7453:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.51 7216:Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain 7116:In the ethical writings of the Sufis 7068:Kitab al-Hidayah ila Fara'iḍ al-Ḳulub 6911:Hindu-Islamic relations § Sufism 6517:'Ara'is al-Bayan fi Haqa'iq aI-Qur'an 6367:back into Muslim religious discourse. 6328:Hilyat al-Awliya wa Tabaqat al-Asfiya 6321:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 6257: 3362:is celebrated on 23 March every year. 2902:The life of the Algerian Sufi master 2105:) in the early Middle Ages. The term 1488:. Although Sufis were opposed to dry 21148: 20764: 16622: 14637:Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Azhari 14426:. Routledge Sufi Series. Routledge. 14410: 14342:Schmidle, Nicholas (December 2008). 13858:Curiel, Jonathan (6 February 2005). 13845: 13803:Loubet, Mireille (15 October 2000). 13493:Siddiqui, Ataullah; Waugh, Earle H. 13401: 13366: 13111: 12978:from the original on 1 December 2017 12887:"Salafi intolerance threatens Sufis" 12866:from the original on 1 December 2017 12013:. Cambridge Companions to Religion. 11777:. Taylor & Francis. p. 78. 11627: 10189:Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych (2010), 10120:The Seals of Wisdom (Fusus al-Hikam) 9952:Sultan Bahoo: The Life and Teachings 9701: 8862:Jāmī | Persian poet and scholar 8829: 8592:Ernst, Carl W. (2003). "Tasawwuf ". 8523: 8402: 8337: 8015: 7808: 7427: 7145:, the son of the Jewish philosopher 6997: 6649:Muslim pilgrims gathered around the 6108: 5012:, and died at the age of 78 in Fez. 4893: 4804:(1077–1166) was a Mesopotamian-born 4721: 4691: 3957:are used. Pakistani singing maestro 3732:Ilahî anta maqsûdî wa-ridâka matlûbî 3442:The Conference of the Birds by Attar 2086:, with the notable exception of the 18896:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi 14156:The Cambridge Companion to Muhammad 13681:Bennett, Clinton (1 January 1998). 13654:Bennett, Clinton (1 January 1998). 13589:Sultan-Bahoo-The Life and Teachings 13305:"Building Moderate Muslim Networks" 13220:. Guardian News and Media Limited. 11803:. The Institute. 2006. p. 241. 11368:. Cambridge University Press, 1928. 10824:Muhammad Ibn Adam (14 April 2004). 10773:Rabbani, Faraz (25 December 2012). 10014:. Irwin, Robert, 1946–. Cambridge. 9588:, HarperSanFrancisco, 2003. (Ch. 1) 9268:Mário Alves da Silva Filho (2012). 9040:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, p. 22, 8554:. Naqshbandi Sufi Way. 9 June 2021. 8050:"Sufism. ṢūfĪ Thought and Practice" 7840: 7156:and entitled "כתאב כפאיה אלעאבדין" 6922:The tenth-century Persian polymath 6905:Similarities with Eastern religions 6448:, and deals with issues related to 6246:. He devoted himself to knowledge, 6207: 5138:Ibn Arabi and theoretical mysticism 5026: 4441:, a Sufi teacher authorized in the 4293:. Sufis often visit the shrine for 4222: 4214: 4030: 4018: 3791: 3721:can be likened to the practices of 3638:music of the Indian subcontinent), 3601:of Allah (65:10–11). Some types of 1831:of the principals and practices of 1771: 1701: 1685: 1496:and belonged to various schools of 1403: 1345: 1325: 24: 25442:Religions and spiritual traditions 21668:Religious groups and denominations 15428: 14011:"The Many Voices of Enlightenment" 12852:Specia, Megan (24 November 2017). 12145:; William Edelglass, eds. (2011). 11574:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004-12-15). 11525:"Hizb ul Bahr – Litany of the Sea" 11439:Hundred great Muslims Jamil Ahmad 11067:Art of Islam: Language and Meaning 10973:Historical Dictionary of the Sudan 10730: 10138:, John Andrew Boyle (translator), 10089: 9735:The New Cambridge History of Islam 9036:Carl W. Ernst, Bruce B. Lawrence, 8876:Knysh, Alexander D. (2011-05-01), 8631:Shaykh Tariq Knecht (2018-11-09). 8299:Art of Islam: Language and Meaning 7971: 7594: 6802:. Most of the victims were Sufis. 6796:one of the worst terrorist attacks 6673:, Pakistan); on 16 February 2017, 6578:Anwar al-Qur'an wa Asrar al-Furqan 4959: 4702: 4613: 4548:(knowing God and knowing oneself): 3908:, and is now usually performed at 2487:; and the Naqshbandiyya order was 69: 25: 26689: 19268:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) 14543:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi 14442: 14139:. New Delhi: Anuradha Prakashan. 13805:"Jewish pietism of the Sufi type" 13216:Parfitt, Tom (23 November 2007). 13045:The Cambridge Companion to Sufism 13004:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 67. 12598:Islamic Spirituality: Foundations 12489:Yunus Emre: The Sufi Poet in Love 12400:. Anqa Publishing. Archived from 12010:The Cambridge Companion to Sufism 11601:Willis, John Ralph (2012-10-12). 10761:Cambridge Muslim College Retreat. 10151: 10133: 10116: 10009: 9924:. Yale University Press. p. 9369:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr 9070:Bin Jamil Zeno, Muhammad (1996). 8915:in the Shi'i and Sufi Traditions" 8348:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr 8312:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr 8099:, RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 1–4, 7327:Brooklyn Museum's Islamic gallery 6968:The ninth-century Iranian mystic 6661:) of the 13th-century Sufi saint 6508:(Subtleties of the Allusions) by 6440:), based on the teachings of the 6403:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi 6372:Al-Ghunya li-Talibi Tariq al-Haqq 5467:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi 5057:Hussaini family. His teacher was 5034:was a Sufi saint who founded the 4890:is recited worldwide even today. 4461: 3992:(d. 1123), brother of the famous 2767:) and ... of the Sufism of Imam 2293:that one must be trained to use. 2113:(ultimate truth). A tariqa has a 1728:. These men and women who sat at 26640: 26628: 26602: 26593: 26592: 26406:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 25548:Democratic Republic of the Congo 21608: 21607: 21596: 21127:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 20375:Timeline of the history of Islam 20206: 19286:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) 17508:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard 17380:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad- 17058:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit 16509: 15183: 14703: 14037: 14002: 13972: 13959: 13931: 13898: 13866: 13851: 13823: 13796: 13772: 13754: 13742: 13708: 13674: 13647: 13613: 13579: 13558:. Springer Nature. p. 253. 13545: 13524:. Sarup & Sons. p. 81. 13511: 13486: 13452: 13440: 13419: 13360: 13333: 13296: 13266: 13236: 13209: 13179: 13166: 13139: 13105: 13067: 13032: 13008: 12924: 12897: 12878: 12812: 12784: 12752: 12718: 12684: 12658: 12629:Jihad in Premodern Sufi Writings 12619: 12585: 12551: 12509: 12479: 12453: 12415: 12386: 12347: 12316: 12279: 12245: 12207: 12169: 12135: 12100: 12069: 12031: 11996: 11963: 11945: 11927: 11918: 11905: 11893: 11872: 11837: 11791: 11752: 11743: 11734: 11725: 11716: 11707: 11698: 11673: 11648: 11621: 11594: 11567: 11542: 11517: 11495: 11453: 11430: 11409: 11384: 11371: 11358: 11345: 11298: 11277: 11253: 11240: 11215: 11194: 11158: 11152:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0445 11115: 11093: 11072: 11043: 11030: 11017: 11004: 10963: 10957:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335 10939: 10922: 10904: 10879: 10854: 10817: 10792: 10766: 10753: 10739: 10724: 10704:"Moulana Rumi and Whirling Zikr" 10702:Desai, Siraj (13 January 2011). 10695: 10672:Hussain, Zahid (22 April 2012). 10644: 10619: 10598: 10580: 10562: 10553: 10527: 10507: 10491:"Dhikr and the Wisdom Behind It" 10482: 10461: 10436: 10403: 10385: 10360: 10344: 10332: 10325:The Four Imams and Their Schools 10278: 10241: 10208: 10160: 10156:, John Andrew Boyle (translator) 10145: 10127: 10110: 10083: 10042:Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, 10036: 10003: 9990: 9969: 9942: 9874: 9510:from the original on 2021-12-11. 9444:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1188 8498:. Sufi Way. 2003. Archived from 8165:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00196 7780:The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah 7648:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1188 7002: 6637:Sectarian violence among Muslims 6601:Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusawi/Bursevi 6589:Ruh al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an 6132: 6118: 6107: 6095: 6094: 4858:(died 1258), the founder of the 4684:whereas others believe it to be 3889:Musical instruments (except the 3738: 2385:A Sufi in Ecstasy in a Landscape 2327:forms the soundest tradition in 1272: 681: 619: 25013:Evolutionary origin of religion 21468:List of ex-Muslim organisations 19838:United Submitters International 19117:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir 18495:Alid dynasties of northern Iran 17848:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 13348:from the original on 2014-09-14 13321:from the original on 2014-05-31 13284:from the original on 2014-06-23 13254:from the original on 2014-05-16 13244:"Sufism: Of saints and sinners" 13224:from the original on 2014-09-14 13197:from the original on 2014-07-08 13172:Jamal Malik, John R. Hinnells: 13094:from the original on 2016-10-29 12932:"Salafi Violence against Sufis" 12903: 12492:. Blue Dome Press. p. 25. 11771:James Wise (10 November 2016). 11682:Dictionary of African Biography 10800:"Is Music Prohibited in Islam?" 9998:Irshad: Wisdom of a Sufi Master 9955:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. 9854: 9827: 9797: 9741: 9726: 9677: 9655: 9633: 9612: 9591: 9578: 9565: 9528: 9514: 9496: 9483: 9470: 9426: 9361: 9334: 9314: 9297: 9261: 9243:Trimingham, J. Spencer (1998). 9180: 9152: 9129: 9115: 9073:The Pillars of Islam & Iman 9063: 9030: 9009: 8981: 8953: 8869: 8853: 8823: 8757: 8744: 8721: 8682: 8676: 8651: 8624: 8600: 8585: 8558: 8542: 8488: 8479: 8467: 8441: 8429: 8375: 8330: 8317: 8304: 8291: 8246: 8181: 8134: 8121: 8112: 8086: 7919: 7870: 7698:Hossein., Nasr, Seyyed (2008). 7360: 7098:The precepts prescribed by the 6461:Sufi commentaries on the Qur'an 6307:(Nourishment of the Hearts) by 3634:(the most well known being the 2966:(built 1324 A.D) is located in 2499:, and the Sultan Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn ( 2471:, being a renowned jurist; the 2241:Sufism as an Islamic discipline 25364:Separation of church and state 24022:Polytheistic reconstructionism 20132:Sunni schools of jurisprudence 19145:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād 17858:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 17853:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 17511:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) 17132:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari 14283:Journal of Religion and Health 14009:Cotter, Holland (2009-06-11). 13687:. A&C Black. p. 190. 13660:. A&C Black. p. 223. 12906:"Kashmir: From Sufi to Salafi" 12885:Ibrahim, Baher (10 May 2010). 11879:Murray Thurston Titus (1930). 11659:. Amsterdam University Press. 11283:See especially Robert Frager, 10846:Muhammad bin Mubarak Kirmani. 9203:. Cambridge University Press. 9025:University of California Press 8052:. In Esposito, John L. (ed.). 8020:. In Esposito, John L. (ed.). 7926:Newlon, Brendan (2017-07-01). 7740: 7691: 7547: 7520: 7481: 7402: 7246:The 13th century Persian poet 7183:(not to be confused with the 7080:. This book was translated by 6558:(d. 654/1256) and finished by 6467:Qur'anic exegetical literature 3961:is credited with popularizing 3088:Sayyid Muhammad Baba As-Samasi 1951: 1557: 1445:, with the goal of undergoing 100: 13: 1: 23000:Traditional Sabahan religions 19559:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi 17885:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid 14420:Zarrabi-Zadeh, Saeed (2016). 14218:The New Encyclopedia of Islam 14200:. SkyLight Paths Publishing. 13340:ETERAZ, ALI (June 10, 2009). 13080:. Stanford University Press. 13074:Corbett, Rosemary R. (2016). 11924:Memoirs of the Saints, p.108. 11915:, Stephen Hirtenstein, p. 246 10535:"The Naqshbandi Way of Dhikr" 10352:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE 9809:Oxford Islamic Studies Online 9687:. Amity House. February 1988. 9465:Introduction to Sufi Doctrine 9110:Fitzpatrick & Walker 2014 8882:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE 8524:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2008). 8275:10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_666 8048:Chittick, William C. (2009). 8002:. Cambridge University Press. 7978:Oxford Islamic Studies Online 7348: 7314: 7226: 7135:. However, the author of the 6677:claimed responsibility for a 6343:(The Qushayrian Treatise) by 5950:'Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 5015: 4824:. He was given lessons about 4085: 3452: 3084:Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari 2893:Hamza al Qadiri al Boutchichi 2680: 2453:Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari 2281:, is frequently a product of 2145:Prominent tariqa include the 2018:) in meeting places known as 1799:Sufis believe that by giving 1762:Sufi orders are based on the 1392: 21653: 21453:Apostasy in Islam by country 21330:Liberalism and progressivism 19247:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) 19188:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi 19169:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi 18187:Islamic schools and branches 17022:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 16927:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 14266:. Markus Wiener Publishers. 13811:(7). bcrfj.revues.org: 87–91 13002:Islam and the West Post 9/11 12674:The University of St Andrews 12564:Feminist Edges of the Qur'an 12423:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari 11437:Ahmad, Khwaja Jamil (1971). 10889:. 2013-03-20. Archived from 10195:, Indiana University Press, 10169:The Signs of a Sincere Lover 10154:Ilahi-nama – The Book of God 10136:Ilahi-nama – The Book of God 10010:Knysh, Alexander. "Sufism". 9880:Abdullah Nur ad-Din Durkee, 9534:For the pre-modern era, see 9506:. youtube.com. 13 May 2015. 9076:. Darussalam. pp. 19–. 9017:Sufism: The Formative Period 8754:. Paris: Vrin, 1954. p. 104. 8451:. Mac.abc.se. Archived from 7974:"Sufism in the Modern World" 7395: 6835:A 17th-century miniature of 6790:on a Sufi mosque located in 6679:suicide attack on the shrine 6619: 6546:(Starry Interpretations) by 6426:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Sakandari 5315:Jamal al-Din b. al-Harastani 5076: 4934:Shahāb-ud-Din Muhammad Ghori 4880:also gave eighteen valuable 4476:At-Takhalli, At-Tahalli, At- 4100:Sufi mosque in Esfahan, Iran 3006: 2774:Current Sufi orders include 2623:, built c. 1520 next to the 2451:), the Naqshbandiyya (after 1992:chain of successive teachers 1631: 1439:chain of successive teachers 7: 25222:National religiosity levels 24447:Nauruan Indigenous religion 24002:Hellenism (modern religion) 19179:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin 17875:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam 17232:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi 17167:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi 14665:Muhammad ibn 'Ali Ba 'Alawi 14324:Mystical Dimension of Islam 13465:. Aakar Books. p. 90. 13193:. Globe Newspaper Company. 13146:Livingstone, David (2002). 12519:(2012). ناجي السويد (ed.). 12061:– via Distributed by 11100:Staff Writer (2018-03-28). 11040:(London, 1996), pp. 109–110 11012:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān 10411:The Creed of Imam al-Tahawi 10341:. Retrieved on Feb 2, 2010. 10257:"Reliance of the Traveller" 9524:. youtube.com. 13 May 2015. 9247:. Oxford University Press. 8792:Sufism The Formative Period 8790:Karamustafa, Ahmet (2007). 8728:Emara, Nancy (2002-08-30). 8496:"Origin of sufism – Qadiri" 8148:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān 7554:Belhaj, Abdessamad (2013). 7028:the claims made and adding 6873:7 July 2005 London bombings 6625:Persecution of Sufi Muslims 5122:Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society 4831:Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi 4818:Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi 4194: 4023: 3690: 3389:Persian influence on Sufism 3171:Sufi beliefs about Muhammad 3093: 2982:—after death and after the 2715:modernist Islamic reformers 2641:National Monument of Bosnia 2538:to his contemporaries, the 2457:four orthodox legal schools 2447:), the Hamadaniyyah (after 2065: 2053: 2045: 2036: 2028: 2020: 2012: 1984: 1976: 1968: 1858:Sufism emerged early on in 1678: 1667: 1647: 1639: 1564: 1522: 1476:Sufism emerged early on in 1467: 1459: 1447: 1437:who would be the last in a 1431: 1423: 1415: 1409: 1356: 1336: 856:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 26694: 24631: 21380: 19935:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir 19375:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī 19128:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī 18806:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani 18290:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 17546:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 17177:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi 17137:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 16962:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 14476: 14093:Sufism: A Beginner's Guide 14066: 13459:Mohammada, Malika (2007). 12700:. First published 2006 by 12015:Cambridge University Press 11607:. Routledge. p. 234. 11184:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 10749:. Al-Ilmiyya. p. 319. 10450:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 10218:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 9979:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 9900:) of a living Sufi master. 9864:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 8551:Taking Initiation (Bay'ah) 8082:. MacMillan Reference USA. 7318: 7221: 7059: 6908: 6879:currents. The influential 6773:(impure "innovation") and 6713:" (i.e., that the supreme 6634: 6628: 6261: 5045:He hailed originally from 4617: 4250: 4198: 4089: 4080:Junayd of Baghdad (d. 910) 4003: 3855: 3742: 3694: 3549: 3500:Sufi gathering engaged in 3074:(e.g., as in the books of 2744:, with Al-Azhar's current 2697:Whirling dervishes of the 2459:of Sunni Islam. Thus, the 1955: 1746: 1739: 1735: 1693:as considered in Islam is 1514:Safavid conversion of Iran 36: 29: 26588: 26507: 26424: 26296: 26041: 25766: 25483: 25479: 25468: 25377: 25302: 25078: 24986: 24923: 24641: 24637: 24626: 24189: 24176: 24101: 23924: 23906:Transcendental Meditation 23799: 23786: 23751: 23499: 23476: 23465: 23392: 23355: 23079: 22975: 22957: 22901: 22892: 22809: 22737: 22588: 22579: 22537: 22509: 22467: 22400: 22391: 22382: 22348: 22315: 22287: 22278: 22228: 22095: 21782: 21696: 21687: 21678: 21674: 21661: 21591: 21476: 21443: 21393: 21389: 21375: 21302: 21269: 21241:Geography and cartography 21216: 21163: 21159: 21143: 20969: 20891: 20838: 20787: 20783: 20759: 20629: 20511: 20471: 20354: 20306: 20230: 20226: 20215: 20126: 20079: 20031: 19985: 19875: 19862: 19801: 19698: 19636: 19619: 19506: 19454: 19445: 19384: 19301: 19235: 19212: 19159: 19079: 19064: 18994: 18861: 18704: 18568: 18543: 18519:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects 18456: 18356: 18206: 18197: 18193: 18180: 18154: 18099: 18046: 17942: 17935: 17893: 17863:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine 17823: 17681: 17578:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 17526: 17496: 17403: 17371: 17312: 17270: 17091: 17045: 17032:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 17007:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 16857:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 16796: 16787: 16755: 16727: 16694: 16666: 16659: 16655: 16630: 16572:The Beginning of Guidance 16517: 16391: 16240: 16142: 16044: 16008: 15833: 15569: 15439: 15426: 15236: 15181: 15094: 15059: 14988: 14911: 14902: 14849: 14778: 14712: 14701: 14484: 14295:10.1007/s10943-006-9073-2 14096:. Oneworld Publications. 13969:. ISBN 978-0-19-288923-2. 12666:"al-Ta'wilat al-Najmiyya" 12229:Columbia University Press 12076:Erik S. Ohlander (2008). 11970:Mohammed A. Rauf (1964). 11911:K. al-Wasa'il, quoted in 11655:Bangstad, Sindre (2007). 11580:. ABC-CLIO. p. 858. 11379:Women and Gender in Islam 11353:Women and Gender in Islam 11036:B. Radtke and J. O’Kane, 11010:Radtke, B., "Saint", in: 10627:"The Sema of the Mevlevi" 10496:. Translated by A. Rahmim 10339:The Amman Message Summary 9780:Mbacké & Hunwick 2005 9141:. Encyclopedia Britannica 8992:William McGuckin de Slane 8634:Journal of a Sufi Odyssey 8419:: The Other Press, 2010. 8411:Rashid Ahmad Jullundhry, 8206:10.1163/9789004226487_027 7783:. Islamic Texts Society. 7572:10.1163/19585705-12341276 7433:"Mysticism in Sufi Islam" 6699:Muslim-majority countries 6560:'Alā' al-Dawla al-Simnani 6550:(d. 618/1221). This is a 6479:Tafsir al-Qu'ran al-'Azim 6238:preaching principally in 5059:Bayazid Tayfur al-Bistami 4997:), is the founder of the 4802:Shaykh Abdul-Qadir Gilani 4783:Shaykh Abdul-Qadir Gilani 4106:visit or make pilgrimages 3968: 3483:was originally coined by 3181:al-ḥaqīqa al-Muhammadiyya 2852:Sufi Tanoura twirling in 2376:Formalization of doctrine 1492:, they strictly observed 25533:Central African Republic 22547:Vietnamese folk religion 21938:Charismatic Christianity 21550:Islamic view of miracles 19548:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī 18423:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi 18037:The Moderation in Belief 17918:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya 17656:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi 17227:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 17157:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi 16577:The Moderation in Belief 16527:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya 15026:Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi 14874:The Alchemy of Happiness 14859:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya 14599:Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili 14289:(3). Springer: 409–421. 14194:Gamard, Ibrahim (2004). 13905:Muhammad, Iqbal (1990). 13518:Laliwala, J. I. (2005). 13342:"State-Sponsored Sufism" 12702:Blackwell Publishing Ltd 12640:imprint is published by 12535:Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya 12486:Zekeriya Bașkal (2013). 11844:Suvorova, A. A. (2004). 11634:. OUP USA. p. 116. 10515:The Book of Sufi Healing 10286:Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri 10249:Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri 9245:The Sufi Orders in Islam 9199:Peacock, A.C.S. (2019). 9160:Kabbani, Muhammad Hisham 9004:Royal Library of Belgium 8931:10.35632/ajiss.v32i1.260 7353: 7304:Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya 7158:Kitāb Kifāyah al-'Ābidīn 6869:violent strains of Islam 6806:Perception outside Islam 6711:governance of the jurist 6707:Islamic Republic of Iran 6687:religious discrimination 6572:Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi 6340:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya 5680:'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 5672:Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusawi 5545:Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi 5383:Shams al-Din al-Khuwayyi 4986:during the 12th century. 4765:with whom he founded the 4556:The Seven stages of nafs 4317:Theoretical perspectives 3545: 3260:Jamiʿ karamat al-awliyaʾ 3111:The name of Muhammad in 2964:Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam 1636:The original meaning of 945:Medieval Islamic science 25427:New religious movements 25065:Theories about religion 25018:Evolutionary psychology 24047:Modern Finnish paganism 22014:Independent Catholicism 21315:Creationism (evolution) 20010:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani 19401:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān 19319:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī 19091:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād 18030:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi 17988:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah 17843:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 17247:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 17152:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti 17142:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 16982:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani 16937:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 16872:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini 15108:Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri 14693:Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi 14501:'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani 13967:Oxford University Press 12569:Oxford University Press 12261:. London and New York: 12153:Oxford University Press 12107:Harry S. Neale (2022). 11982:Oxford University Press 11913:The Unlimited Mercifier 11628:Gibb, H. A. R. (1970). 11427:Retrieved 25 July 2022. 11166:Journal of Sufi Studies 11146:(2nd ed.). Brill. 10951:(2nd ed.). Brill. 10513:Hakim Moinuddin Chisti 10489:Abdullah Jawadi Amuli. 9716:Oxford University Press 9438:(2nd ed.). Brill. 8960:Ridgeon, Lloyd (2010). 7945:10.35632/ajis.v34i3.789 7815:Encyclopædia Britannica 7775:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 7445:Oxford University Press 7286: 7261:The Forty Rules of Love 7207:The Jewish Encyclopedia 7167:Guide for the Perplexed 6800:history of modern Egypt 6747:veneration of the tombs 6536:Al-Ta'wilat al-Najmiyya 6384:'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani 6011:Sharaf al-Din al-Munawi 5966:Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini 5905:Shams al-Din al-Sakhawi 5890:Burhan al-Din al-Biqa'i 5859:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 5656:Ibn al-'Imad al-Hanbali 5624:'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Munawi 5414:Diya' al-Din al-Maqdisi 5368:Zakiy al-Din al-Birzali 5238:'Abd al-Haqq al-Ishbili 4856:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 4851:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 4820:gave Gilani lessons in 4649:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya or 4237:has a sense similar to 4181:Zaouia Moulay Idriss II 3981:depicting the medieval 3283:, later venerated as a 2445:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 2413:Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi 2364:Al-Munqidh min al-dalal 2362:Al-Ghazali narrates in 2287:Islamic fundamentalists 1672:on linguistic grounds. 1600:), gave definitions of 32:Sufism (disambiguation) 26076:Bosnia and Herzegovina 24062:Erzyan native religion 23911:Unitarian Universalism 23290:Native American Church 22058:Oneness Pentecostalism 21565:Persecution of Muslims 21463:List of former Muslims 20380:Succession to Muhammad 19682:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu 19259:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) 18752:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana 18247:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 17908:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd 17903:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani 17838:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani 17798:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi 17783:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi 17463:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri 17458:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar 17217:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 17127:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi 17122:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi 17107:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi 16977:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 16942:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati 16867:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 15433: 15102:Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi 14949:'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid 14515:Baha' al-Din Naqshband 14215:Glassé, Cyril (2008). 13767:The Way of Serving God 13763:The Way of Serving God 12797:Daily Times (Pakistan) 12626:Harry S Neale (2016). 11902:Retrieved 17 July 2022 11260:Realities of The Heart 11144:Encyclopaedia of Islam 10949:Encyclopaedia of Islam 10367:Nemanja (2022-10-25). 9975:See Muhammad Emin Er, 9702:Voll, John O. (2009). 9436:Encyclopaedia of Islam 9324:Bloomsbury Publishing 9271:A Mística Islâmica em 9015:Ahmet T. Karamustafa, 8269:. pp. 1750–1751. 8143:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 8093:Qamar-ul Huda (2003), 8018:"Sufism. ṢūfĪ Orders." 8016:Voll, John O. (2009). 7533:. Simon and Schuster. 7488:Anjum, Tanvir (2006). 7273:, one of the greatest 7243: 7114: 6976:, meaning perfection. 6851: 6829: 6815: 6682: 6186:al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya 6071:Books about Ibn 'Arabi 6039:Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya 5867:Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani 5812:'Ala' al-Dawla Simnani 5727:Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi 5568:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 5560:'Abd al-Rahman al-Jāmī 5506:Badr al-Din ibn Jama'a 5453:Admirers and defenders 5350:Baha' al-Din Ghazi b. 4987: 4906: 4798: 4776: 4763:Abu Hassan al-Shadhili 4674: 4646: 4510:is temporary state of 4326: 4205:In Islamic mysticism, 4101: 4001: 3998:Meetings of the Lovers 3886: 3834: 3757: 3736: 3714: 3561: 3523: 3506: 3476: 3386: 3363: 3351: 3242:or "wayfarer", in his 3217: 3192:Sufism and Islamic law 3116: 3105: 3016: 2975: 2904:Abdelkader El Djezairi 2877:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2860: 2710: 2644: 2554: 2400: 2373: 2299:Al-Risala al-Safadiyya 2265: 2254: 2249:Dancing dervishes, by 2008: 1797: 1654:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1398: 955:Succession to Muhammad 74: 26396:Saint Kitts and Nevis 25693:São Tomé and Príncipe 25553:Republic of the Congo 23759:Aboriginal Australian 22410:Chinese folk religion 21359:Conversion to mosques 21226:Alchemy and chemistry 19951:Wallace Fard Muhammad 18903:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya 18410:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 18159:Early Muslim scholars 17967:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 17237:Rahmatullah Kairanawi 16987:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi 16897:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 15432: 15168:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam 15132:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 15085:Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi 15050:Abu al-Husain al-Nuri 15008:Al-Harith al-Muhasibi 14411:Shah, Idries (1970). 14135:Chopra, R.M. (2016). 13684:In Search of Muhammad 13657:In Search of Muhammad 12736:Bloomsbury Publishing 12670:arts.st-andrews.ac.uk 12323:Saeko Yazaki (2013). 12119:Bloomsbury Publishing 12049:Oneworld Publications 12005:University of Glasgow 9722:on November 24, 2012. 9584:Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 9367:Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 9209:10.1017/9781108582124 8694:Oneworld Publications 8310:Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 8028:on November 24, 2012. 7984:on February 19, 2013. 7842:Bos, Matthijs van den 7809:Schimmel, Annemarie. 7235:Tomb shrine of Rumi, 7234: 7190:movement) or Sufism ( 7096: 6834: 6825: 6813: 6648: 6641:Sufi–Salafi relations 6414:Al-Hikam al-'Ata'iyya 6365:vigour and liveliness 6333:Abu Na'im al-Isfahani 6286:Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi 5875:Ibn Imam al-Kamiliyya 5836:Wali al-Din al-'Iraqi 5798:Critics and opponents 5735:Badr al-Din al-Hasani 5430:Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi 5422:Sa'd al-Din al-Hamawi 4968:A manuscript of Sufi 4967: 4901: 4790: 4775: 4731:Abdul Qadir al-Jilani 4664: 4636: 4324: 4099: 3976: 3959:Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan 3870: 3822: 3766:or physically active 3752: 3727: 3704: 3559: 3518: 3499: 3460: 3381: 3357: 3338: 3199: 3110: 3097: 3014: 2961: 2938:-born wandering Sufi 2851: 2696: 2619: 2522: 2383: 2368: 2260: 2248: 2003: 1911:Al-Harith al-Muhasibi 1907:Al-Junayd al-Baghdadi 1789: 1516:under the concept of 1498:Islamic jurisprudence 1390: 73: 26018:United Arab Emirates 24809:Religious experience 24183:Historical religions 22567:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 21899:Schwenkfelder Church 21085:Ma malakat aymanukum 20660:Association football 19597:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya 19392:Al-Harith ibn Surayj 18582:Theology of Twelvers 18427:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi 17974:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 17773:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 17172:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi 17162:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni 17147:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 16967:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 16932:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 16922:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 16917:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 16892:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 15657:Raising hands in Dua 15044:Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi 15032:Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz 14529:Mu'in al-Din Chishti 14349:Smithsonian Magazine 13784:www.encyclopedia.com 13189:(January 25, 2009). 13041:"Sufism in the West" 12680:on 14 February 2023. 12404:on 4 February 2023. 12063:Simon & Schuster 11462:Sufism – Sufi orders 11248:al-Wasilat al-Fasila 11104:. Morocco World News 10747:Hashiyah at-Tahtaawi 10090:Aavani, Gholamreza, 9815:on November 19, 2012 8878:"Abū Hāshim al-Ṣūfī" 8768:The Path of Muhammad 8684:Brown, Jonathan A.C. 8386:Perennial philosophy 8343:Chittick, William C. 8339:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 8200:. pp. 659–680. 6994:Influence on Judaism 6963:Noble Eightfold Path 6663:Lal Shahbaz Qalandar 6631:Persecution of Sufis 5958:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 5616:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 5537:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 5459:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 5300:Al-Qasim ibn 'Asakir 5269:Ibn Rushd (Averroes) 5158:(the Fixed Entities) 5145:(the Complete Human) 4637:Depiction of Rabi'a 4587:Pledge of Allegiance 4126:Lal Shahbaz Qalandar 3994:Abu Hamid al-Ghazali 3965:all over the world. 3705:An Algerian Sufi in 3492:Devotional practices 3224:(exoteric "canon"), 2838:(Naqshbandiah), and 2587:Khoja Akhmet Yassawi 2559:Islamic civilization 2467:, with its founder, 1942:Said ibn al-Musayyib 1845:Abu Dharr al-Ghifari 1716:("the people of the 994:Association football 26411:Trinidad and Tobago 26306:Antigua and Barbuda 25474:Religion by country 24535:Cult of Magna Mater 23037:Philippine Dayawism 22618:Nimbarka Sampradaya 22366:Chinese Manichaeism 22038:Jehovah's Witnesses 21843:Proto-Protestantism 19831:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez 19573:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī 19545:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya 19343:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī 19005:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah 18312:Other Salafi trends 18141:Musta'li Isma'ilism 18057:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya 17448:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr 17212:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 16862:Zakariyya al-Ansari 15114:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag 14967:Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad 14955:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya 14625:('Umar al-Khalwati) 14413:The Way of the Sufi 14319:Schimmel, Annemarie 14245:. Sophia Perennis. 14112:Chodkiewicz, Michel 13980:"Battle of Karbala" 13832:Jewish Encyclopedia 13278:Pew Research Center 12593:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 12354:Rana Safvi (2022). 11554:The Express Tribune 11425:Sayyed Aminul Qadri 10152:Attar, Fariduddin, 10134:Attar, Fariduddin, 9618:Arthur F. Buehler, 9320:Michael S. Pittman 7300:Khwaja Amir Khusrau 7073:Duties of the Heart 6846:, currently in the 6821:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 6794:; it is considered 6290:'Umar al-Suhrawardi 6232:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag 6227:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag 5851:Taqi al-Din al-Fasi 5786:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 5774:Gibril Fouad Haddad 5758:Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi 5584:Zakariyya al-Ansari 5532:(d. after 787/1385) 5253:Abu Zayd al-Suhayli 5222:Abu Tahir al-Silafi 5162:Al-Maratib al-Sab'a 5149:Al-A'yan al-Thabita 4949:Bahauddin Naqshband 4944:Bahauddin Naqshband 4629:Rabi'a Al-'Adawiyya 4620:List of Sufi saints 4110:Sayyid Ali Hamadani 4072:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya 3906:Indian subcontinent 3756:, at Rumi Fest 2007 3677:. This practice of 3646:(most famously the 3438:The Bustan by Saadi 3432:The Masnavi of Rumi 3341:Sayyid Ali Hamadani 3113:Islamic calligraphy 3076:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 2954:Aims and objectives 2738:Al-Azhar University 2515:Growth of influence 2449:Sayyid Ali Hamadani 2341:Al-Fuḍayl ibn ‘Iyāḍ 2283:Western orientalism 2251:Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād 2134:, which led to the 1962:List of Sufi orders 1840:Jonathan A.C. Brown 1730:al-Masjid an-Nabawi 755:Profession of Faith 728:Day of Resurrection 26678:Hinduism and Islam 26346:Dominican Republic 25392:Abrahamic prophets 24486:Proto-Indo-Iranian 23010:Aliran Kepercayaan 22213:Non-denominational 22135:Modernist Salafism 21821:Oriental Orthodoxy 21570:Quran and miracles 21484:Criticism of Islam 21198:Geometric patterns 21050:Gender segregation 20621:Non-denominational 20130:Other scholars of 20021:Islamic modernists 19995:Modernist Salafism 19646:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar 19605:Abdullah ibn Saba' 19540:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar 19425:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf 19413:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr 19404:Muhārīb ibn Dithār 19335:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī 18657:Astarabadi (Naimi) 18387:Abdullah al-Harari 18341:Muhammad bin Dawud 18274:Syed Nazeer Husain 18009:Tabsirat al-Adilla 17923:Al-Mansur al-Qasim 17758:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 17605:Syed Nazeer Husain 17528:Salafi Theologians 17280:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham 17252:Muhammad Abu Zahra 17037:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 16887:Abdul Qadir Gilani 16567:Sicilian Questions 16562:Meccan Revelations 16542:Dala'il al-Khayrat 16537:Al-Wabil al-Sayyib 15434: 15138:Bahadur Shah Zafar 15079:Abu Talib al-Makki 15073:Abu Bakr al-Shibli 15046:(d. 295 or 320 AH) 15034:(d. 277 or 286 AH) 14998:(d. 205 or 215 AH) 14889:Dala'il al-Khayrat 14016:The New York Times 13984:Brooklynmuseum.org 13176:, Routledge, p. 25 13174:Sufism in the West 12971:The New York Times 12936:Islamopedia Online 12859:The New York Times 12828:. 20 February 2017 12800:. 17 February 2017 12638:Palgrave Macmillan 12559:Aysha Hidayatullah 12517:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari 12253:Ian Richard Netton 12017:. pp. 75–76. 11503:"Thareeqush Shukr" 11246:Muhammad Emin Er, 11180:Muhammad Emin Er, 11065:Titus Burckhardt, 10604:Muhammad Emin Er, 10559:Touma 1996, p.162. 10323:Gibril F. Haddad, 10266:. pp. 778–795 10264:Amana Publications 10214:Muhammad Emin Er, 9860:Muhammad Emin Er, 9571:Leonard Lewisohn, 9536:Vincent J. Cornell 9463:Titus Burckhardt, 9000:Institut de France 8907:Masterton, Rebecca 8750:Massignon, Louis. 8502:on 27 January 2021 8297:Titus Burckhardt, 7368:Abu Nasr as-Sarraj 7244: 7143:Abraham Maimonides 7013:possibly contains 6852: 6816: 6779:("polytheistic"). 6763:("remembrance" of 6703:Republic of Turkey 6683: 6582:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari 6574:(d. ca. 728/1328). 6498:Lata'if al-Isharat 6454:day-to-day conduct 6391:'Awarif al-Ma'arif 6352:Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din 6317:Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din 6309:Abu Talib al-Makki 6258:Notable Sufi works 6058:Tarjumān al-Ashwāq 5921:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari 5171:(the Seven Grades) 5049:, and was born in 4988: 4932:along with Sultan 4907: 4862:order, introduced 4799: 4777: 4697:Junayd al-Baghdadi 4671:Rabi'a al-Adawiyya 4647: 4327: 4245:karāmāt al-awliyāʾ 4142:Bahauddin Zakariya 4102: 4002: 3887: 3817:orbiting the Sun. 3758: 3754:Whirling Dervishes 3715: 3640:instrumental music 3562: 3507: 3477: 3446:The Divān of Hafez 3364: 3352: 3220:Sufis believe the 3218: 3117: 3017: 2976: 2972:The City of Saints 2861: 2711: 2666:Süleymaniye Mosque 2645: 2555: 2493:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2469:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2421:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2401: 2357:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2310:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2266: 2255: 1938:Abu Nasr as-Sarraj 1934:Harith al-Muhasibi 1909:. Others, such as 1399: 1391:Six Sufi masters, 79:Abdul Qadir Gilani 75: 26616: 26615: 26584: 26583: 26580: 26579: 25568:Equatorial Guinea 25464: 25463: 25460: 25459: 25003:Cognitive science 24622: 24621: 24555:Mysteries of Isis 24329:Frankish paganism 24172: 24171: 24168: 24167: 24164: 24163: 23916:White Brotherhood 23782: 23781: 23747: 23746: 23071:Sundanese Wiwitan 22888: 22887: 22884: 22883: 22613:Brahma Sampradaya 22575: 22574: 22378: 22377: 22374: 22373: 22356:Assianism/Uatsdin 22274: 22273: 22043:British Israelism 22029:Nontrinitarianism 21992:Plymouth Brethren 21987:Nondenominational 21921:Congregationalism 21809:Eastern Orthodoxy 21757:Reconstructionist 21621: 21620: 21587: 21586: 21583: 21582: 21555:Domestic violence 21545:Islamic terrorism 21540:Islamic extremism 21371: 21370: 21367: 21366: 21139: 21138: 21135: 21134: 20925:Marriage contract 20755: 20754: 20715:Political aspects 20502:Story of Prophets 20271:Prophets of Islam 20174: 20173: 20170: 20169: 20166: 20165: 20122: 20121: 19931:Muhammad Jaunpuri 19858: 19857: 19784:Sumāma ibn Ashras 19615: 19614: 19466:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî 19441: 19440: 19311:Gaylān ibn Marwān 19208: 19207: 19060: 19059: 18723:Abdallah al-Aftah 18539: 18538: 18452: 18451: 18436:Necmettin Erbakan 18278:Siddiq Hasan Khan 18242:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 18176: 18175: 18172: 18171: 18150: 18149: 18090:Tajrid al-I'tiqad 18084:Tashih al-I'tiqad 17995:Al-Sawad al-A'zam 17931: 17930: 17913:Al-Qasim al-Rassi 17880:Idris Imad al-Din 17833:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 17808:Ruhollah Khomeini 17788:Zurarah ibn A'yan 17763:Sharif al-Murtaza 17751:Muhammad al-Mahdi 17736:Muhammad al-Jawad 17716:Muhammad al-Baqir 17617:Siddiq Hasan Khan 17593:Rabee al-Madkhali 17242:Murtada al-Zabidi 17017:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 16783: 16782: 16590: 16589: 16477: 16476: 16212:Sufis persecution 15254:Al-Insān al-Kāmil 15195: 15194: 15177: 15176: 15120:Muhammad al-Fateh 15014:Dhul-Nun al-Misri 14931:Ibrahim ibn Adham 14919:Al-Hasan al-Basri 14894:Fadha'il al-'Amal 14864:Hilyat al-Awliya' 14696: 14682: 14668: 14654: 14640: 14626: 14616: 14602: 14588: 14585:Ibrahim al-Desuqi 14574: 14560: 14546: 14532: 14518: 14504: 14433:978-1-13-810012-1 14377:978-0-8091-3619-3 14370:. Paulist Press. 14334:978-979-433-797-4 14273:978-1-55876-342-5 14252:978-0-900588-43-3 14228:978-0-7425-6296-7 14207:978-1-59473-002-3 14186:978-1-61069-177-2 14146:978-93-85083-52-5 14127:978-0-7914-2446-9 14103:978-1-78074-052-2 14088:Chittick, William 13728:978-1-5275-5748-2 13694:978-0-304-70401-9 13667:978-0-304-70401-9 13633:978-969-9795-28-2 13599:978-969-9795-18-3 13565:978-3-030-22692-3 13531:978-81-7625-476-2 13472:978-81-89833-18-3 13435:978-8-189-83318-3 13429:Aakar Books 2007 13425:Malika Mohammada 13159:978-0-595-23199-7 13054:978-1-107-01830-3 12461:"What Is Sufism?" 12151:. New York, USA: 11784:978-1-351-99740-9 11691:978-0-19-538207-5 11666:978-90-5356-015-0 11477:cite encyclopedia 11366:Rabi'a The Mystic 11364:Smith, Margaret. 11293:978-0-8356-0778-0 11250:, unpublished MS. 11210:978-1-929694-15-0 11190:978-0-9815196-1-6 10983:978-0-8108-6180-0 10804:My Religion Islam 10614:978-0-9815196-1-6 10523:978-0-89281-043-7 10477:978-0-946621-43-9 10456:978-0-9815196-0-9 10431:978-1-933764-03-0 10419:978-0-9702843-9-6 10290:Nuh Ha Mim Keller 10253:Nuh Ha Mim Keller 10224:978-0-9815196-0-9 10052:978-1-930409-23-1 9985:978-0-9815196-1-6 9962:978-969-9795-18-3 9935:978-0-300-03531-5 9894:978-1-930409-23-1 9870:978-0-9815196-1-6 9847:978-1-291-21521-2 9628:978-1-57003-783-2 9607:978-0-7914-6245-4 9560:978-0-8101-1226-1 9548:978-0-292-71209-6 9354:978-1-887752-27-5 9330:978-1-441-13113-3 9254:978-0-19-512058-5 9173:978-1-930409-23-1 9083:978-9960-897-12-7 9006:. Vol. 3, p. 209. 8973:978-1-136-97058-0 8846:978-0-7914-1515-3 8740:on July 24, 2009. 8455:on April 17, 2012 8449:"Sufism in Islam" 8284:978-1-4614-6087-9 8255:Leeming, David A. 8215:978-90-04-22187-1 7890:978-1-78738-134-6 7848:. Leiden: Brill. 7790:978-0-946621-57-6 7711:978-0-06-162599-2 7657:978-90-04-11211-7 7622:van Donzel, E. J. 7540:978-1-62055-001-4 7374:Junayd of Baghdad 7331:Battle of Karbala 7126:Chovot ha-Lebabot 7109:Journal Asiatique 7062:Jewish philosophy 7058: 7057: 7050: 7015:original research 6987:Al-Insān al-Kāmil 6917:Eastern religions 6865:Baylor University 6863:, a professor at 6767:) ceremonies are 6731:Islamic movements 6548:Najm al-Din Kubra 6529:Ruzbihan al-Baqli 6252:Abu Haggag Mosque 6175: 6174: 6139:Saints portal 6022: 6007: 5999: 5978: 5970: 5962: 5954: 5933: 5925: 5917: 5909: 5901: 5886: 5871: 5863: 5855: 5847: 5832: 5824: 5816: 5808: 5781:Nuh Ha Mim Keller 5770: 5762: 5754: 5746: 5731: 5723: 5715: 5711:Murtada al-Zabidi 5707: 5699: 5684: 5676: 5668: 5660: 5652: 5644: 5636: 5628: 5620: 5612: 5604: 5596: 5588: 5580: 5572: 5564: 5556: 5541: 5533: 5525: 5517: 5502: 5494: 5486: 5471: 5463: 5442: 5434: 5426: 5418: 5410: 5402: 5394: 5379: 5364: 5356: 5334: 5326: 5311: 5296: 5281: 5273: 5265: 5257: 5249: 5234: 5226: 5218: 5143:Al-Insan al-Kamil 5132:Mystical theories 5112:Ibn 'Arabi Mosque 5061:. After making a 4995:Sidi Ahmed Tijani 4926:Nizamuddin Auliya 4910:Moinuddin Chishti 4894:Moinuddin Chishti 4727:Ibrahim al-Desuqi 4722:Ibrahim al-Desuqi 4692:Junayd of Baghdad 4158:Nizamuddin Auliya 4150:Moinuddin Chishti 3979:Persian miniature 3868: 3395:Junayd of Baghdad 3289:Iberian Peninsula 3134:Attar of Nishapur 3033:al-Insan al-Kamil 2912:El Hadj Umar Tall 2824:Sarwari Qadiriyya 2769:Junayd of Baghdad 2595:Attar of Nishapur 2437:Moinuddin Chishti 2345:Ibrahim ibn Adham 2142:throughout Iran. 2084:Ali ibn Abi Talib 2067:al-Insān al-Kāmil 1864:Umayyad Caliphate 1825:Junayd of Baghdad 1780: 1742:History of Sufism 1540:Islamic movements 1535:and attacks from 1482:Umayyad Caliphate 1455:spiritual station 1354: 1334: 1315: 1314: 660: 659: 102:Al-Insān al-Kāmil 16:(Redirected from 26685: 26645: 26644: 26643: 26633: 26632: 26624: 26606: 26596: 26595: 26474:Papua New Guinea 26449:Marshall Islands 26276:Northern Ireland 25481: 25480: 25470: 25469: 25354:Secular theology 25349:Secular humanism 24639: 24638: 24628: 24627: 24503:Ancestral Pueblo 24178: 24177: 23797: 23796: 23474: 23473: 22899: 22898: 22655:Shaiva Siddhanta 22586: 22585: 22519:Korean shamanism 22398: 22397: 22389: 22388: 22285: 22284: 22198:Mahdawi movement 22068:Swedenborgianism 22048:Christadelphians 21694: 21693: 21685: 21684: 21676: 21675: 21663: 21662: 21648: 21641: 21634: 21625: 21624: 21611: 21610: 21603:Islam portal 21601: 21600: 21599: 21391: 21390: 21383: 21377: 21376: 21218:Medieval science 21161: 21160: 21151: 21145: 21144: 20802:Economic history 20785: 20784: 20761: 20760: 20747:Islam by country 20580:Bektashi Alevism 20228: 20227: 20219:Outline of Islam 20201: 20194: 20187: 20178: 20177: 19873: 19872: 19634: 19633: 19452: 19451: 19428:Nusayr ibn Yahyā 19410:Awn ibn Abdullāh 19397:Sa'id ibn Jubayr 19367:Ubayd al-Mūktaib 19233: 19232: 19077: 19076: 19046:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus 19015:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī 18984:Khashabiyya Shia 18920:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān 18878:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān 18661:Imadaddin Nasimi 18566: 18565: 18463: 18462: 18334:Salafi Modernism 18237:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 18204: 18203: 18195: 18194: 18182: 18181: 18078:Awail Al Maqalat 17960:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 17940: 17939: 17870:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 17825:Isma'ili Shi'ism 17813:Wilayat al-faqih 17793:Hisham ibn Hakam 17778:Allamah Al-Hilli 17002:Muhammad Mayyara 16794: 16793: 16664: 16663: 16657: 16656: 16632: 16631: 16624:Islamic theology 16617: 16610: 16603: 16594: 16593: 16547:Hikam al-Ataiyya 16504: 16497: 16490: 16481: 16480: 16202:Sufi metaphysics 16158: 16100: 15991: 15959: 15947: 15885: 15873: 15861: 15799: 15772: 15760: 15748: 15736: 15709: 15697: 15675: 15633: 15621: 15604: 15592: 15467: 15455: 15411: 15348:Nass al-Houdhour 15339: 15312: 15222: 15215: 15208: 15199: 15198: 15187: 15150:Emir Abdel-Kader 14979:Ma'ruf al-Karkhi 14973:Shaqiq al-Balkhi 14937:Sufyan al-Thawri 14909: 14908: 14707: 14690: 14676: 14662: 14648: 14634: 14624: 14610: 14596: 14582: 14568: 14554: 14540: 14526: 14512: 14498: 14471: 14464: 14457: 14448: 14447: 14437: 14416: 14407: 14381: 14357: 14352:. Archived from 14338: 14314: 14277: 14256: 14232: 14211: 14190: 14169: 14150: 14131: 14107: 14083: 14060: 14059: 14057: 14056: 14041: 14035: 14034: 14032: 14031: 14006: 14000: 13999: 13997: 13995: 13976: 13970: 13963: 13957: 13956: 13954: 13952: 13935: 13929: 13928: 13902: 13896: 13895: 13893: 13892: 13870: 13864: 13863: 13855: 13849: 13848:, p. 14-15. 13843: 13837: 13836: 13827: 13821: 13820: 13818: 13816: 13800: 13794: 13793: 13791: 13790: 13776: 13770: 13758: 13752: 13746: 13740: 13739: 13737: 13735: 13712: 13706: 13705: 13703: 13701: 13678: 13672: 13671: 13651: 13645: 13644: 13642: 13640: 13617: 13611: 13610: 13608: 13606: 13583: 13577: 13576: 13574: 13572: 13549: 13543: 13542: 13540: 13538: 13515: 13509: 13508: 13506: 13504: 13490: 13484: 13483: 13481: 13479: 13456: 13450: 13444: 13438: 13423: 13417: 13411: 13405: 13404:, p. 28-29. 13399: 13393: 13392: 13364: 13358: 13357: 13355: 13353: 13337: 13331: 13330: 13328: 13326: 13320: 13312:RAND Corporation 13309: 13300: 13294: 13293: 13291: 13289: 13270: 13264: 13263: 13261: 13259: 13250:. Dec 18, 2008. 13240: 13234: 13233: 13231: 13229: 13213: 13207: 13206: 13204: 13202: 13191:"Mystical power" 13183: 13177: 13170: 13164: 13163: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13109: 13103: 13102: 13100: 13099: 13071: 13065: 13063: 13062: 13061: 13036: 13030: 13029: 13027: 13026: 13012: 13006: 13005: 12997: 12988: 12987: 12985: 12983: 12961: 12952: 12951: 12949: 12947: 12938:. Archived from 12928: 12922: 12921: 12919: 12917: 12910:November 5, 2012 12901: 12895: 12894: 12882: 12876: 12875: 12873: 12871: 12849: 12838: 12837: 12835: 12833: 12816: 12810: 12809: 12807: 12805: 12788: 12782: 12781: 12779: 12777: 12756: 12750: 12749: 12722: 12716: 12715: 12688: 12682: 12681: 12676:. Archived from 12662: 12656: 12655: 12623: 12617: 12616: 12589: 12583: 12582: 12555: 12549: 12548: 12537:. pp. 3–4. 12513: 12507: 12506: 12483: 12477: 12476: 12471:. Archived from 12465:institute.global 12457: 12451: 12450: 12419: 12413: 12412: 12390: 12384: 12383: 12351: 12345: 12344: 12320: 12314: 12313: 12283: 12277: 12276: 12249: 12243: 12242: 12211: 12205: 12204: 12173: 12167: 12166: 12139: 12133: 12132: 12117:, an imprint of 12104: 12098: 12097: 12084:Brill Publishers 12073: 12067: 12066: 12039:Leonard Lewisohn 12035: 12029: 12028: 12000: 11994: 11993: 11967: 11961: 11960: 11959:. 11 March 2023. 11949: 11943: 11942: 11931: 11925: 11922: 11916: 11909: 11903: 11900:Zinda Shah Madar 11897: 11891: 11890: 11876: 11870: 11869: 11841: 11835: 11834: 11814: 11805: 11804: 11795: 11789: 11788: 11768: 11759: 11756: 11750: 11747: 11741: 11738: 11732: 11729: 11723: 11720: 11714: 11711: 11705: 11702: 11696: 11695: 11677: 11671: 11670: 11652: 11646: 11645: 11625: 11619: 11618: 11598: 11592: 11591: 11571: 11565: 11564: 11562: 11561: 11546: 11540: 11539: 11537: 11535: 11521: 11515: 11514: 11512: 11510: 11499: 11493: 11492: 11486: 11482: 11480: 11472: 11470: 11469: 11457: 11451: 11450: 11434: 11428: 11413: 11407: 11406: 11404: 11402: 11388: 11382: 11375: 11369: 11362: 11356: 11349: 11343: 11342: 11336: 11332: 11330: 11322: 11302: 11296: 11281: 11275: 11269: 11263: 11257: 11251: 11244: 11238: 11219: 11213: 11198: 11192: 11178: 11169: 11168:1 (2012), p. 123 11162: 11156: 11155: 11139: 11130: 11129: 11119: 11113: 11112: 11110: 11109: 11097: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11087: 11076: 11070: 11063: 11054: 11047: 11041: 11034: 11028: 11021: 11015: 11008: 11002: 11001: 10992: 10990: 10967: 10961: 10960: 10943: 10937: 10926: 10920: 10919: 10908: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10898: 10883: 10877: 10876: 10858: 10852: 10851: 10843: 10834: 10833: 10821: 10815: 10814: 10812: 10810: 10796: 10790: 10789: 10787: 10785: 10779:Seekers Guidance 10770: 10764: 10757: 10751: 10750: 10743: 10737: 10736: 10728: 10722: 10721: 10716: 10714: 10699: 10693: 10692: 10686: 10684: 10669: 10656: 10655: 10648: 10642: 10641: 10639: 10638: 10623: 10617: 10602: 10596: 10595: 10590:. Archived from 10584: 10578: 10577: 10572:. Archived from 10566: 10560: 10557: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10546: 10537:. Archived from 10531: 10525: 10511: 10505: 10504: 10502: 10501: 10495: 10486: 10480: 10465: 10459: 10440: 10434: 10407: 10401: 10400: 10389: 10383: 10382: 10380: 10379: 10364: 10358: 10348: 10342: 10336: 10330: 10321: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10298: 10282: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10271: 10261: 10245: 10239: 10233: 10227: 10212: 10206: 10205: 10186: 10177: 10176: 10174: 10164: 10158: 10157: 10149: 10143: 10142: 10131: 10125: 10124: 10114: 10108: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10087: 10081: 10075: 10066: 10060: 10054: 10040: 10034: 10033: 10007: 10001: 9994: 9988: 9973: 9967: 9966: 9946: 9940: 9939: 9923: 9910: 9901: 9878: 9872: 9858: 9852: 9851: 9831: 9825: 9824: 9822: 9820: 9811:. Archived from 9801: 9795: 9792:Chodkiewicz 1995 9789: 9783: 9777: 9771: 9770:, p. 184–6. 9765: 9759: 9745: 9739: 9738: 9730: 9724: 9723: 9718:. Archived from 9708:John L. Esposito 9699: 9688: 9681: 9675: 9674: 9672: 9670: 9659: 9653: 9652: 9650: 9648: 9637: 9631: 9616: 9610: 9595: 9589: 9582: 9576: 9569: 9563: 9532: 9526: 9525: 9518: 9512: 9511: 9500: 9494: 9487: 9481: 9474: 9468: 9461: 9452: 9447: 9430: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9420: 9411:. Archived from 9397: 9388: 9381: 9372: 9365: 9359: 9358: 9338: 9332: 9318: 9312: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9285: 9265: 9259: 9258: 9240: 9231: 9230: 9196: 9187: 9184: 9178: 9177: 9156: 9150: 9149: 9147: 9146: 9133: 9127: 9126: 9119: 9113: 9107: 9088: 9087: 9067: 9061: 9055: 9049: 9034: 9028: 9013: 9007: 8985: 8979: 8977: 8957: 8951: 8950: 8903: 8892: 8891: 8890: 8889: 8873: 8867: 8866: 8857: 8851: 8850: 8827: 8821: 8815: 8806: 8805: 8787: 8778: 8761: 8755: 8748: 8742: 8741: 8736:. Archived from 8725: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8655: 8649: 8648: 8628: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8618: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8589: 8583: 8582: 8562: 8556: 8555: 8546: 8540: 8539: 8521: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8492: 8486: 8483: 8477: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8445: 8439: 8433: 8427: 8409: 8400: 8394: 8388: 8379: 8373: 8372: 8366: 8365: 8334: 8328: 8321: 8315: 8308: 8302: 8295: 8289: 8288: 8261:(2nd ed.). 8250: 8244: 8237: 8228: 8227: 8198:Brill Publishers 8185: 8179: 8178: 8157:Brill Publishers 8138: 8132: 8125: 8119: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8075: 8062: 8061: 8060:on June 3, 2010. 8045: 8030: 8029: 8013: 8004: 8003: 7995: 7986: 7985: 7980:. Archived from 7969: 7958: 7957: 7947: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7910: 7902: 7874: 7868: 7867: 7838: 7829: 7828: 7822: 7821: 7806: 7795: 7794: 7771: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7758: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7731: 7723: 7695: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7671: 7662: 7661: 7640:Brill Publishers 7634:. Vol. 10. 7626:Heinrichs, W. P. 7613: 7592: 7591: 7551: 7545: 7544: 7524: 7518: 7517: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7425: 7414: 7413: 7406: 7389: 7380:Ruwaym ibn Ahmad 7364: 7137:Chovot HaLevavot 7112: 7091:Chovot HaLevavot 7088:under the title 7082:Judah ibn Tibbon 7078:Bahya ibn Paquda 7053: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7033: 7030:inline citations 7006: 7005: 6998: 6982:Mansur al-Hallaj 6881:RAND Corporation 6877:Muslim extremist 6844:satirical figure 6613:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba 6597: 6556:Najm al-Din Razi 6552:jointly-authored 6544: 6525: 6506: 6487: 6422: 6399: 6380: 6361:history of Islam 6305: 6282: 6213:Mansur Al-Hallaj 6208:Mansur Al-Hallaj 6167: 6160: 6153: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6125:Islam portal 6123: 6122: 6121: 6111: 6110: 6098: 6097: 6054: 6020: 6019: 6005: 5997: 5976: 5968: 5960: 5952: 5931: 5923: 5915: 5907: 5899: 5898: 5884: 5883: 5869: 5861: 5853: 5845: 5844: 5830: 5822: 5814: 5806: 5768: 5760: 5752: 5744: 5743: 5729: 5721: 5713: 5705: 5697: 5696: 5688:Mustafa al-Bakri 5682: 5674: 5666: 5658: 5650: 5642: 5634: 5632:Ahmad al-Maqqari 5626: 5618: 5610: 5602: 5594: 5586: 5578: 5570: 5562: 5554: 5553: 5539: 5531: 5523: 5515: 5514: 5500: 5492: 5484: 5483: 5475:Ibn al-Zamalkani 5469: 5461: 5440: 5432: 5424: 5416: 5408: 5400: 5392: 5391: 5377: 5376: 5362: 5354: 5332: 5324: 5323: 5309: 5308: 5294: 5293: 5279: 5271: 5263: 5255: 5247: 5246: 5232: 5224: 5216: 5197: 5189:Wahdat al-Shuhud 5176:Related articles 5170: 5157: 5117:Konya Manuscript 5081: 5080: 5032:Sayyid Badiuddin 5027:Sayyed Badiuddin 4975:Shams al-Ma'arif 4970:Islamic theology 4792:Geometric tiling 4672: 4456:Sufi metaphysics 4394:Muhammad Emin Er 4225: 4224: 4216: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4020: 3942:, among others. 3920:Indian classical 3869: 3794: 3793: 3717:The practice of 3377:William Chittick 3278:jurist and judge 3164:Qaṣīdat al-Burda 3102:Mansur Al-Hallaj 2948:George Gurdjieff 2701:photographed by 2688:Wahhabi movement 2525:Mughal miniature 2395:(c. 1650–1660), 2349:Ma`ruf al-Karkhi 2335:like his fellow 2077:Absolute Reality 2070: 2058: 2050: 2043:They strive for 2039: 2033: 2025: 2017: 1989: 1981: 1973: 1921:(purification). 1903:Jabir ibn Hayyan 1827:regarded Ali as 1775: 1773: 1704: 1703: 1688: 1687: 1681: 1670: 1650: 1642: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1562:The Arabic word 1527: 1472: 1464: 1452: 1441:linking back to 1436: 1428: 1420: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1397: 1394: 1359: 1349: 1347: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1307: 1300: 1293: 1279:Islam portal 1277: 1276: 1275: 685: 662: 661: 652: 645: 638: 626:Islam portal 624: 623: 622: 557:Topics in Sufism 229:Sufi metaphysics 105: 104: 64: 58: 57: 44: 43: 21: 26693: 26692: 26688: 26687: 26686: 26684: 26683: 26682: 26653: 26652: 26651: 26641: 26639: 26627: 26619: 26617: 26612: 26576: 26503: 26484:Solomon Islands 26420: 26292: 26196:North Macedonia 26037: 25762: 25475: 25456: 25417:Mass gatherings 25385: 25380: 25373: 25312: 25307: 25298: 25237:Religiocentrism 25217:National church 25085: 25082: 25074: 24989: 24982: 24919: 24841:Bodies of water 24633: 24618: 24403:Jamaican Maroon 24185: 24160: 24097: 23927: 23920: 23791: 23789: 23778: 23743: 23717:Trinidad Orisha 23502: 23495: 23468: 23461: 23388: 23351: 23327:Washat Dreamers 23082: 23075: 22971: 22953: 22880: 22854:Srilankan Vedda 22805: 22733: 22608:Sri Vaishnavism 22571: 22533: 22505: 22463: 22370: 22344: 22311: 22270: 22224: 22149:Twelver Shi'ism 22091: 21953:Neo-charismatic 21926:Presbyterianism 21778: 21670: 21657: 21652: 21622: 21617: 21597: 21595: 21579: 21501:Cultural Muslim 21472: 21439: 21395:Other religions 21385: 21381: 21363: 21298: 21265: 21212: 21155: 21153:Islamic studies 21149: 21131: 20965: 20910: 20887: 20834: 20779: 20778: 20751: 20700:Moral teachings 20643: 20625: 20599:Nation of Islam 20560:Twelver Shi'ism 20507: 20473:Religious texts 20467: 20385:Early conquests 20368: 20350: 20302: 20222: 20211: 20205: 20175: 20162: 20118: 20075: 20046:Ahmed Raza Khan 20027: 19981: 19971:Fethullah Gülen 19946:Nation of Islam 19867: 19864: 19854: 19797: 19774:Ahmad ibn Hābīt 19702: 19694: 19627: 19623: 19611: 19532:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā 19502: 19437: 19422:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb 19380: 19297: 19226: 19223: 19220: 19216: 19204: 19155: 19068: 19056: 18990: 18864: 18857: 18825:Hassan-i Sabbah 18708: 18700: 18572: 18559: 18555: 18551: 18547: 18535: 18500:Hasan al-Utrush 18448: 18414:Ahmed Raza Khan 18360: 18352: 18259:Dawud al-Zahiri 18210: 18189: 18168: 18146: 18095: 18042: 18002:Kitab al-Tawhid 17927: 17889: 17819: 17746:Hasan al-Askari 17721:Ja'far al-Sadiq 17683:Twelver Shi'ism 17677: 17649:Salafi Jihadism 17644:Osama bin Laden 17627:Safar Al-Hawali 17588:Saleh Al-Fawzan 17522: 17492: 17485:Sahib ibn Abbad 17480:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid 17445:Ja'far ibn Harb 17410:Wasil ibn 'Ata' 17407: 17399: 17367: 17328:ī (Muqātilīyya) 17308: 17266: 17222:Shah Abdul Aziz 17095: 17087: 17041: 17027:Ahmad al-Dardir 16912:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 16800: 16779: 16751: 16723: 16690: 16651: 16650: 16626: 16621: 16591: 16586: 16513: 16508: 16478: 16473: 16387: 16236: 16227:Sufi psychology 16217:Sufi philosophy 16197:Sufi literature 16152: 16138: 16094: 16040: 16004: 15985: 15953: 15941: 15879: 15867: 15855: 15829: 15793: 15766: 15754: 15742: 15730: 15703: 15691: 15669: 15627: 15615: 15598: 15586: 15565: 15461: 15449: 15435: 15424: 15405: 15403:The Seven ranks 15333: 15306: 15232: 15226: 15196: 15191: 15173: 15162:Omar al-Mukhtar 15090: 15055: 15038:Sahl al-Tustari 14984: 14925:Malik ibn Dinar 14898: 14869:Kashf al-Mahjub 14851:Sufi literature 14845: 14841:Sufi philosophy 14774: 14708: 14699: 14679:Ahmad al-Tijani 14571:Ahmad al-Badawi 14557:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 14480: 14475: 14445: 14440: 14434: 14404: 14378: 14335: 14327:. Noura Books. 14274: 14253: 14229: 14208: 14187: 14166: 14147: 14128: 14104: 14069: 14064: 14063: 14054: 14052: 14043: 14042: 14038: 14029: 14027: 14007: 14003: 13993: 13991: 13988:Brooklyn Museum 13978: 13977: 13973: 13964: 13960: 13950: 13948: 13936: 13932: 13917: 13903: 13899: 13890: 13888: 13872: 13871: 13867: 13856: 13852: 13844: 13840: 13829: 13828: 13824: 13814: 13812: 13801: 13797: 13788: 13786: 13778: 13777: 13773: 13759: 13755: 13747: 13743: 13733: 13731: 13729: 13713: 13709: 13699: 13697: 13695: 13679: 13675: 13668: 13652: 13648: 13638: 13636: 13634: 13618: 13614: 13604: 13602: 13600: 13584: 13580: 13570: 13568: 13566: 13550: 13546: 13536: 13534: 13532: 13516: 13512: 13502: 13500: 13491: 13487: 13477: 13475: 13473: 13457: 13453: 13445: 13441: 13424: 13420: 13412: 13408: 13400: 13396: 13365: 13361: 13351: 13349: 13338: 13334: 13324: 13322: 13318: 13307: 13301: 13297: 13287: 13285: 13272: 13271: 13267: 13257: 13255: 13242: 13241: 13237: 13227: 13225: 13214: 13210: 13200: 13198: 13187:Jenkins, Philip 13184: 13180: 13171: 13167: 13160: 13144: 13140: 13130: 13128: 13126: 13110: 13106: 13097: 13095: 13088: 13072: 13068: 13059: 13057: 13055: 13037: 13033: 13024: 13022: 13014: 13013: 13009: 12998: 12991: 12981: 12979: 12962: 12955: 12945: 12943: 12930: 12929: 12925: 12915: 12913: 12902: 12898: 12883: 12879: 12869: 12867: 12850: 12841: 12831: 12829: 12818: 12817: 12813: 12803: 12801: 12790: 12789: 12785: 12775: 12773: 12757: 12753: 12746: 12723: 12719: 12712: 12704:. p. 358. 12689: 12685: 12664: 12663: 12659: 12652: 12642:Springer Nature 12624: 12620: 12613: 12590: 12586: 12579: 12556: 12552: 12545: 12514: 12510: 12500: 12484: 12480: 12475:on 15 May 2021. 12459: 12458: 12454: 12447: 12420: 12416: 12392: 12391: 12387: 12376: 12352: 12348: 12341: 12333:. p. 129. 12321: 12317: 12307: 12284: 12280: 12273: 12265:. p. 276. 12250: 12246: 12239: 12231:. p. 170. 12215:Aaron W. Hughes 12212: 12208: 12201: 12193:. p. 401. 12185:. New York and 12174: 12170: 12163: 12155:. p. 424. 12143:Jay L. Garfield 12140: 12136: 12129: 12121:. p. 122. 12105: 12101: 12094: 12074: 12070: 12059: 12047:. Vol. 1. 12036: 12032: 12025: 12003:Lloyd Ridgeon, 12001: 11997: 11968: 11964: 11951: 11950: 11946: 11933: 11932: 11928: 11923: 11919: 11910: 11906: 11898: 11894: 11877: 11873: 11858: 11842: 11838: 11815: 11808: 11797: 11796: 11792: 11785: 11769: 11762: 11757: 11753: 11748: 11744: 11739: 11735: 11730: 11726: 11721: 11717: 11712: 11708: 11703: 11699: 11692: 11678: 11674: 11667: 11653: 11649: 11642: 11626: 11622: 11615: 11599: 11595: 11588: 11572: 11568: 11559: 11557: 11548: 11547: 11543: 11533: 11531: 11529:Deenislam.co.uk 11523: 11522: 11518: 11508: 11506: 11501: 11500: 11496: 11484: 11483: 11474: 11473: 11467: 11465: 11459: 11458: 11454: 11435: 11431: 11414: 11410: 11400: 11398: 11390: 11389: 11385: 11376: 11372: 11363: 11359: 11350: 11346: 11334: 11333: 11324: 11323: 11319: 11303: 11299: 11282: 11278: 11270: 11266: 11258: 11254: 11245: 11241: 11220: 11216: 11199: 11195: 11179: 11172: 11163: 11159: 11140: 11133: 11120: 11116: 11107: 11105: 11098: 11094: 11085: 11083: 11078: 11077: 11073: 11064: 11057: 11048: 11044: 11035: 11031: 11022: 11018: 11009: 11005: 10988: 10986: 10984: 10968: 10964: 10944: 10940: 10927: 10923: 10912:"Mawrid Reader" 10910: 10909: 10905: 10896: 10894: 10885: 10884: 10880: 10873: 10859: 10855: 10844: 10837: 10822: 10818: 10808: 10806: 10798: 10797: 10793: 10783: 10781: 10771: 10767: 10758: 10754: 10745: 10744: 10740: 10729: 10725: 10712: 10710: 10700: 10696: 10682: 10680: 10670: 10659: 10650: 10649: 10645: 10636: 10634: 10625: 10624: 10620: 10603: 10599: 10586: 10585: 10581: 10568: 10567: 10563: 10558: 10554: 10544: 10542: 10533: 10532: 10528: 10512: 10508: 10499: 10497: 10493: 10487: 10483: 10466: 10462: 10442:The meaning of 10441: 10437: 10408: 10404: 10391: 10390: 10386: 10377: 10375: 10365: 10361: 10349: 10345: 10337: 10333: 10322: 10315: 10305: 10303: 10296: 10283: 10279: 10269: 10267: 10259: 10246: 10242: 10234: 10230: 10213: 10209: 10203: 10187: 10180: 10172: 10166: 10165: 10161: 10150: 10146: 10132: 10128: 10115: 10111: 10103: 10099: 10088: 10084: 10076: 10069: 10061: 10057: 10041: 10037: 10022: 10008: 10004: 9995: 9991: 9974: 9970: 9963: 9947: 9943: 9936: 9911: 9904: 9879: 9875: 9859: 9855: 9848: 9832: 9828: 9818: 9816: 9803: 9802: 9798: 9794:, Introduction. 9790: 9786: 9778: 9774: 9766: 9762: 9746: 9742: 9731: 9727: 9700: 9691: 9683:Victor Danner, 9682: 9678: 9668: 9666: 9661: 9660: 9656: 9646: 9644: 9639: 9638: 9634: 9617: 9613: 9596: 9592: 9583: 9579: 9570: 9566: 9533: 9529: 9520: 9519: 9515: 9502: 9501: 9497: 9488: 9484: 9478:What is Sufism? 9475: 9471: 9462: 9455: 9431: 9427: 9418: 9416: 9399: 9398: 9391: 9385:What is Sufism? 9382: 9375: 9366: 9362: 9355: 9339: 9335: 9319: 9315: 9302: 9298: 9290: 9283: 9266: 9262: 9255: 9241: 9234: 9219: 9197: 9190: 9185: 9181: 9174: 9157: 9153: 9144: 9142: 9135: 9134: 9130: 9121: 9120: 9116: 9108: 9091: 9084: 9068: 9064: 9056: 9052: 9048:, 9781403960276 9035: 9031: 9014: 9010: 8986: 8982: 8974: 8958: 8954: 8904: 8895: 8887: 8885: 8874: 8870: 8859: 8858: 8854: 8847: 8828: 8824: 8816: 8809: 8802: 8788: 8781: 8770:, WorldWisdom, 8762: 8758: 8749: 8745: 8734:IslamOnline.net 8726: 8722: 8712: 8710: 8708: 8681: 8677: 8667: 8665: 8657: 8656: 8652: 8645: 8637:. Tauba Press. 8629: 8625: 8616: 8614: 8606: 8605: 8601: 8590: 8586: 8579: 8563: 8559: 8548: 8547: 8543: 8536: 8522: 8515: 8505: 8503: 8494: 8493: 8489: 8484: 8480: 8472: 8468: 8458: 8456: 8447: 8446: 8442: 8434: 8430: 8417:New Westminster 8410: 8403: 8395: 8391: 8380: 8376: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8335: 8331: 8325:What is Sufism? 8322: 8318: 8309: 8305: 8296: 8292: 8285: 8267:Springer Verlag 8251: 8247: 8241:What is Sufism? 8238: 8231: 8216: 8186: 8182: 8175: 8151:. Vol. V. 8139: 8135: 8126: 8122: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8091: 8087: 8076: 8065: 8046: 8033: 8014: 8007: 7996: 7989: 7972:Howell, Julia. 7970: 7961: 7924: 7920: 7904: 7903: 7891: 7875: 7871: 7856: 7839: 7832: 7819: 7817: 7807: 7798: 7791: 7772: 7765: 7756: 7754: 7746: 7745: 7741: 7725: 7724: 7712: 7696: 7692: 7682: 7680: 7673: 7672: 7665: 7658: 7618:Bosworth, C. E. 7614: 7595: 7560:Studia Islamica 7552: 7548: 7541: 7525: 7521: 7494:Islamic Studies 7486: 7482: 7472: 7470: 7463: 7426: 7417: 7408: 7407: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7392: 7387: 7385: 7383: 7377: 7371: 7365: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7323: 7317: 7289: 7229: 7224: 7113: 7106: 7064: 7054: 7043: 7037: 7034: 7019: 7007: 7003: 6996: 6970:Bayazid Bostami 6939:Advaita Vedanta 6935:Waḥdat al-Wujūd 6913: 6907: 6895:Hermes of Egypt 6808: 6643: 6633: 6627: 6622: 6615:(d. 1224/1809). 6591: 6584:(d. 1014/1606). 6538: 6519: 6500: 6491:Sahl al-Tustari 6481: 6463: 6416: 6393: 6374: 6299: 6276: 6266: 6264:Sufi literature 6260: 6229: 6210: 6197:wahdat al-wujud 6171: 6133: 6131: 6119: 6117: 6087: 6086: 6048: 6034: 6026: 6025: 6013: 5990: 5982: 5981: 5945: 5937: 5936: 5892: 5877: 5838: 5799: 5791: 5790: 5737: 5703:Hamid al-'Imadi 5690: 5608:Ebussuud Efendi 5592:Ibn Kamal Pasha 5547: 5508: 5477: 5454: 5446: 5445: 5398:Ibn al-Dubaythi 5385: 5370: 5346: 5338: 5337: 5317: 5302: 5287: 5240: 5209: 5201: 5200: 5191: 5182:Wahdat-al-Wujud 5164: 5151: 5133: 5079: 5029: 5018: 4962: 4960:Ahmad Al-Tijani 4946: 4896: 4853: 4785: 4779: 4739:Ahmed al-Badawi 4735:Ahmed al-Rifa’i 4724: 4708:Bayazid Bastami 4705: 4703:Bayazid Bastami 4694: 4673: 4670: 4631: 4626: 4616: 4614:Prominent Sufis 4571:Sufi psychology 4464: 4404:Ja'far al-Sadiq 4400:Sufi psychology 4378: 4319: 4253: 4203: 4197: 4094: 4088: 4008: 3971: 3883:Iraqi Kurdistan 3860: 3858: 3852:is prohibited. 3747: 3741: 3711:Eugène Girardet 3709:. La prière by 3699: 3693: 3616:ceremonies, or 3554: 3548: 3494: 3461:The mausoleum ( 3455: 3391: 3333: 3287:throughout the 3194: 3173: 3096: 3009: 2988:divine presence 2956: 2776:Madariyya Order 2742:Zaytuna College 2683: 2544:King of England 2517: 2429:Ahmed al-Rifa'i 2378: 2243: 2061:regard Muhammad 1996:Islamic prophet 1964: 1956:Main articles: 1954: 1926:Uwais al-Qarani 1883:Bayazid Bastami 1860:Islamic history 1823:. Furthermore, 1749: 1744: 1738: 1634: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1560: 1478:Islamic history 1395: 1311: 1273: 1271: 1264: 1263: 1208:Other religions 1203:Arabic language 1165: 1155: 1154: 1083:Moral teachings 974: 960: 959: 950:Spread of Islam 895: 885: 884: 872:(jurisprudence) 854:Qisas al-Anbiya 803: 802: 782: 781: 750: 740: 739: 695: 656: 620: 618: 613: 612: 558: 550: 549: 530: 522: 521: 492:Haqqani Anjuman 332: 322: 321: 277: 269: 268: 244:Sufi psychology 234:Sufi philosophy 90: 82: 81:, Baghdad, Iraq 60: 59: 48: 47: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 26691: 26681: 26680: 26675: 26670: 26665: 26650: 26649: 26637: 26614: 26613: 26611: 26610: 26600: 26589: 26586: 26585: 26582: 26581: 26578: 26577: 26575: 26574: 26569: 26564: 26559: 26554: 26549: 26544: 26539: 26534: 26529: 26524: 26519: 26513: 26511: 26505: 26504: 26502: 26501: 26496: 26491: 26486: 26481: 26476: 26471: 26466: 26461: 26456: 26451: 26446: 26441: 26436: 26430: 26428: 26422: 26421: 26419: 26418: 26413: 26408: 26403: 26398: 26393: 26388: 26383: 26378: 26373: 26368: 26363: 26358: 26353: 26348: 26343: 26338: 26333: 26328: 26323: 26318: 26313: 26308: 26302: 26300: 26294: 26293: 26291: 26290: 26289: 26288: 26283: 26278: 26273: 26266:United Kingdom 26263: 26258: 26253: 26248: 26243: 26238: 26233: 26228: 26223: 26218: 26213: 26208: 26203: 26198: 26193: 26188: 26183: 26178: 26173: 26168: 26163: 26158: 26153: 26148: 26143: 26138: 26133: 26128: 26123: 26118: 26113: 26108: 26103: 26098: 26093: 26088: 26083: 26078: 26073: 26068: 26063: 26058: 26053: 26047: 26045: 26039: 26038: 26036: 26035: 26030: 26025: 26020: 26015: 26010: 26005: 26000: 25995: 25990: 25985: 25980: 25975: 25970: 25965: 25960: 25955: 25950: 25945: 25940: 25935: 25930: 25925: 25920: 25915: 25910: 25905: 25900: 25895: 25894: 25893: 25888: 25878: 25873: 25868: 25863: 25858: 25853: 25848: 25843: 25838: 25833: 25828: 25823: 25818: 25813: 25808: 25803: 25798: 25793: 25788: 25783: 25778: 25772: 25770: 25764: 25763: 25761: 25760: 25755: 25750: 25745: 25740: 25735: 25730: 25725: 25720: 25715: 25710: 25705: 25700: 25695: 25690: 25685: 25680: 25675: 25670: 25665: 25660: 25655: 25650: 25645: 25640: 25635: 25630: 25625: 25620: 25615: 25610: 25605: 25600: 25595: 25590: 25585: 25580: 25575: 25570: 25565: 25560: 25555: 25550: 25545: 25540: 25535: 25530: 25525: 25520: 25515: 25510: 25505: 25500: 25495: 25489: 25487: 25477: 25476: 25466: 25465: 25462: 25461: 25458: 25457: 25455: 25454: 25449: 25444: 25439: 25434: 25429: 25424: 25419: 25414: 25409: 25404: 25399: 25394: 25388: 25386: 25378: 25375: 25374: 25372: 25371: 25366: 25361: 25359:Secularization 25356: 25351: 25346: 25341: 25339:Deconstruction 25336: 25331: 25326: 25321: 25315: 25313: 25303: 25300: 25299: 25297: 25296: 25291: 25290: 25289: 25284: 25279: 25269: 25264: 25259: 25254: 25249: 25244: 25239: 25234: 25229: 25224: 25219: 25214: 25209: 25204: 25199: 25194: 25192:Fundamentalism 25189: 25188: 25187: 25182: 25177: 25172: 25162: 25157: 25152: 25147: 25146: 25145: 25140: 25135: 25125: 25124: 25123: 25118: 25113: 25099: 25094: 25088: 25086: 25079: 25076: 25075: 25073: 25072: 25067: 25062: 25057: 25056: 25055: 25045: 25040: 25035: 25030: 25025: 25020: 25015: 25010: 25005: 25000: 24994: 24992: 24984: 24983: 24981: 24980: 24975: 24970: 24965: 24960: 24955: 24950: 24945: 24940: 24935: 24929: 24927: 24921: 24920: 24918: 24917: 24916: 24915: 24910: 24905: 24895: 24890: 24885: 24880: 24875: 24870: 24865: 24860: 24859: 24858: 24853: 24848: 24843: 24833: 24832: 24831: 24826: 24821: 24811: 24806: 24801: 24796: 24791: 24786: 24781: 24776: 24771: 24766: 24765: 24764: 24759: 24754: 24744: 24739: 24734: 24729: 24724: 24719: 24714: 24709: 24704: 24699: 24694: 24689: 24684: 24679: 24670: 24668:Call to prayer 24665: 24660: 24655: 24653:Disaffiliation 24645: 24643: 24635: 24634: 24624: 24623: 24620: 24619: 24617: 24616: 24611: 24606: 24601: 24596: 24591: 24586: 24581: 24580: 24579: 24574: 24569: 24559: 24558: 24557: 24552: 24547: 24542: 24537: 24527: 24522: 24521: 24520: 24515: 24510: 24500: 24499: 24498: 24493: 24483: 24482: 24481: 24476: 24471: 24466: 24456: 24451: 24450: 24449: 24439: 24438: 24437: 24432: 24422: 24417: 24416: 24415: 24405: 24400: 24395: 24390: 24385: 24380: 24375: 24370: 24369: 24368: 24363: 24358: 24353: 24351:Greco-Buddhism 24348: 24338: 24337: 24336: 24331: 24326: 24321: 24311: 24306: 24305: 24304: 24294: 24289: 24284: 24283: 24282: 24272: 24267: 24262: 24261: 24260: 24255: 24245: 24240: 24239: 24238: 24233: 24228: 24218: 24213: 24208: 24203: 24202: 24201: 24190: 24187: 24186: 24174: 24173: 24170: 24169: 24166: 24165: 24162: 24161: 24159: 24158: 24157: 24156: 24146: 24141: 24136: 24131: 24126: 24121: 24116: 24111: 24105: 24103: 24099: 24098: 24096: 24095: 24094: 24093: 24081: 24076: 24075: 24074: 24069: 24064: 24059: 24054: 24049: 24044: 24034: 24029: 24024: 24019: 24014: 24009: 24004: 23999: 23994: 23993: 23992: 23982: 23981: 23980: 23975: 23965: 23964: 23963: 23958: 23948: 23943: 23942: 23941: 23932: 23930: 23922: 23921: 23919: 23918: 23913: 23908: 23903: 23902: 23901: 23896: 23886: 23881: 23876: 23871: 23866: 23865: 23864: 23854: 23849: 23844: 23839: 23834: 23829: 23824: 23819: 23814: 23809: 23803: 23801: 23794: 23784: 23783: 23780: 23779: 23777: 23776: 23771: 23766: 23761: 23755: 23753: 23749: 23748: 23745: 23744: 23742: 23741: 23740: 23739: 23734: 23729: 23724: 23719: 23714: 23712:Tambor de Mina 23709: 23704: 23699: 23694: 23689: 23684: 23679: 23674: 23669: 23668: 23667: 23662: 23657: 23638: 23637: 23636: 23635: 23625: 23620: 23615: 23610: 23605: 23600: 23595: 23590: 23585: 23580: 23575: 23570: 23565: 23560: 23555: 23550: 23545: 23540: 23539: 23538: 23533: 23523: 23518: 23513: 23507: 23505: 23497: 23496: 23494: 23493: 23492: 23491: 23489:Guanche church 23480: 23478: 23471: 23463: 23462: 23460: 23459: 23454: 23449: 23444: 23439: 23434: 23429: 23424: 23419: 23414: 23409: 23404: 23398: 23396: 23394:Tibeto-Burmese 23390: 23389: 23387: 23386: 23381: 23376: 23371: 23365: 23363: 23353: 23352: 23350: 23349: 23344: 23339: 23334: 23329: 23324: 23323: 23322: 23317: 23307: 23302: 23300:Nuu-chah-nulth 23297: 23292: 23287: 23282: 23281: 23280: 23275: 23270: 23265: 23255: 23250: 23245: 23244: 23243: 23233: 23228: 23223: 23222: 23221: 23216: 23211: 23209:Muscogee Creek 23206: 23201: 23191: 23186: 23181: 23176: 23167: 23162: 23157: 23152: 23147: 23146: 23145: 23140: 23135: 23130: 23120: 23115: 23110: 23109: 23108: 23098: 23093: 23087: 23085: 23077: 23076: 23074: 23073: 23068: 23066:Sumbese Marapu 23063: 23062: 23061: 23056: 23046: 23045: 23044: 23034: 23029: 23024: 23019: 23018: 23017: 23012: 23004: 23003: 23002: 22997: 22987: 22985:Batak Parmalim 22981: 22979: 22973: 22972: 22970: 22969: 22963: 22961: 22955: 22954: 22952: 22951: 22950: 22949: 22944: 22934: 22933: 22932: 22927: 22922: 22907: 22905: 22896: 22890: 22889: 22886: 22885: 22882: 22881: 22879: 22878: 22877: 22876: 22871: 22861: 22856: 22851: 22846: 22841: 22840: 22839: 22834: 22824: 22819: 22813: 22811: 22807: 22806: 22804: 22803: 22796: 22791: 22790: 22789: 22779: 22778: 22777: 22772: 22767: 22749: 22743: 22741: 22735: 22734: 22732: 22731: 22724: 22719: 22714: 22709: 22704: 22699: 22694: 22693: 22692: 22687: 22682: 22677: 22672: 22667: 22662: 22657: 22647: 22646: 22645: 22640: 22635: 22630: 22625: 22620: 22615: 22610: 22605: 22594: 22592: 22583: 22577: 22576: 22573: 22572: 22570: 22569: 22564: 22559: 22554: 22549: 22543: 22541: 22535: 22534: 22532: 22531: 22526: 22521: 22515: 22513: 22507: 22506: 22504: 22503: 22498: 22493: 22488: 22487: 22486: 22473: 22471: 22465: 22464: 22462: 22461: 22460: 22459: 22454: 22444: 22443: 22442: 22437: 22427: 22422: 22417: 22412: 22406: 22404: 22395: 22386: 22380: 22379: 22376: 22375: 22372: 22371: 22369: 22368: 22363: 22358: 22352: 22350: 22346: 22345: 22343: 22342: 22337: 22332: 22327: 22321: 22319: 22313: 22312: 22310: 22309: 22304: 22299: 22297:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 22293: 22291: 22282: 22276: 22275: 22272: 22271: 22269: 22268: 22263: 22258: 22253: 22248: 22243: 22238: 22232: 22230: 22226: 22225: 22223: 22222: 22215: 22210: 22205: 22200: 22195: 22190: 22185: 22184: 22183: 22173: 22168: 22167: 22166: 22161: 22156: 22151: 22141: 22140: 22139: 22138: 22137: 22132: 22122: 22117: 22112: 22101: 22099: 22093: 22092: 22090: 22089: 22082: 22081: 22080: 22075: 22070: 22065: 22060: 22055: 22050: 22045: 22040: 22034:Bible Students 22026: 22021: 22016: 22011: 22006: 22004:Restorationism 22001: 22000: 21999: 21994: 21989: 21984: 21983: 21982: 21972: 21967: 21962: 21960:Evangelicalism 21957: 21956: 21955: 21950: 21945: 21935: 21934: 21933: 21928: 21923: 21913: 21908: 21903: 21902: 21901: 21896: 21891: 21886: 21881: 21871: 21861: 21860: 21859: 21854: 21840: 21839: 21838: 21833: 21823: 21818: 21817: 21816: 21806: 21805: 21804: 21799: 21788: 21786: 21780: 21779: 21777: 21776: 21769: 21764: 21759: 21754: 21749: 21744: 21739: 21734: 21733: 21732: 21731: 21730: 21720: 21719: 21718: 21702: 21700: 21691: 21682: 21672: 21671: 21659: 21658: 21651: 21650: 21643: 21636: 21628: 21619: 21618: 21616: 21615: 21605: 21592: 21589: 21588: 21585: 21584: 21581: 21580: 21578: 21577: 21572: 21567: 21562: 21557: 21552: 21547: 21542: 21537: 21536: 21535: 21525: 21524: 21523: 21518: 21513: 21503: 21498: 21497: 21496: 21491: 21480: 21478: 21477:Related topics 21474: 21473: 21471: 21470: 21465: 21460: 21455: 21449: 21447: 21441: 21440: 21438: 21437: 21432: 21427: 21422: 21417: 21416: 21415: 21410: 21399: 21397: 21387: 21386: 21373: 21372: 21369: 21368: 21365: 21364: 21362: 21361: 21356: 21349: 21344: 21343: 21342: 21332: 21327: 21322: 21317: 21312: 21306: 21304: 21300: 21299: 21297: 21296: 21291: 21286: 21281: 21275: 21273: 21267: 21266: 21264: 21263: 21258: 21253: 21248: 21243: 21238: 21233: 21228: 21222: 21220: 21214: 21213: 21211: 21210: 21205: 21200: 21195: 21190: 21185: 21180: 21175: 21169: 21167: 21157: 21156: 21141: 21140: 21137: 21136: 21133: 21132: 21130: 21129: 21124: 21123: 21122: 21110: 21108:Sources of law 21105: 21100: 21099: 21098: 21088: 21081: 21076: 21069: 21064: 21057: 21052: 21047: 21042: 21037: 21032: 21027: 21022: 21015: 21008: 21007: 21006: 21001: 20996: 20986: 20981: 20973: 20971: 20967: 20966: 20964: 20963: 20956: 20949: 20942: 20935: 20928: 20921: 20913: 20911: 20909: 20908: 20903: 20898: 20892: 20889: 20888: 20886: 20885: 20878: 20873: 20866: 20859: 20852: 20844: 20842: 20836: 20835: 20833: 20832: 20825: 20818: 20811: 20804: 20799: 20793: 20791: 20781: 20780: 20777: 20776: 20771: 20765: 20757: 20756: 20753: 20752: 20750: 20749: 20744: 20739: 20734: 20732:Social welfare 20729: 20724: 20717: 20712: 20707: 20702: 20697: 20692: 20687: 20682: 20677: 20672: 20667: 20662: 20657: 20652: 20646: 20644: 20642: 20641: 20636: 20630: 20627: 20626: 20624: 20623: 20618: 20613: 20612: 20611: 20601: 20596: 20591: 20590: 20589: 20584: 20583: 20582: 20572: 20567: 20562: 20552: 20547: 20542: 20541: 20540: 20517: 20515: 20509: 20508: 20506: 20505: 20498: 20493: 20488: 20483: 20477: 20475: 20469: 20468: 20466: 20465: 20464: 20463: 20458: 20453: 20448: 20443: 20438: 20433: 20428: 20416: 20411: 20404: 20397: 20395:Historiography 20392: 20387: 20382: 20377: 20371: 20369: 20367: 20366: 20361: 20355: 20352: 20351: 20349: 20348: 20341: 20334: 20327: 20320: 20312: 20310: 20304: 20303: 20301: 20300: 20295: 20290: 20283: 20278: 20273: 20268: 20267: 20266: 20256: 20249: 20248: 20247: 20236: 20234: 20224: 20223: 20216: 20213: 20212: 20204: 20203: 20196: 20189: 20181: 20172: 20171: 20168: 20167: 20164: 20163: 20161: 20160: 20155: 20150: 20145: 20140: 20135: 20127: 20124: 20123: 20120: 20119: 20117: 20116: 20111: 20106: 20101: 20096: 20091: 20085: 20083: 20077: 20076: 20074: 20073: 20068: 20067: 20066: 20061: 20052: 20037: 20035: 20029: 20028: 20026: 20025: 20024: 20023: 20017: 20012: 20007: 20002: 20000:Muhammad Abduh 19991: 19989: 19983: 19982: 19980: 19979: 19978: 19977: 19959: 19958: 19957: 19943: 19942: 19941: 19923: 19922: 19921: 19904: 19903: 19902: 19897: 19892: 19881: 19879: 19870: 19860: 19859: 19856: 19855: 19853: 19852: 19851: 19850: 19845: 19843:Rashad Khalifa 19835: 19834: 19833: 19828: 19826:Muhammad Iqbal 19818: 19813: 19807: 19805: 19799: 19798: 19796: 19795: 19794: 19793: 19787: 19786: 19785: 19779: 19778: 19777: 19776: 19775: 19769: 19766: 19760: 19757: 19756: 19755: 19754: 19753: 19744: 19743: 19742: 19734: 19733: 19732: 19731: 19730: 19725: 19717: 19710: 19708: 19696: 19695: 19693: 19692: 19679: 19672:Bektashi Order 19665: 19656: 19642: 19640: 19631: 19617: 19616: 19613: 19612: 19610: 19609: 19608: 19607: 19599: 19594: 19589: 19586: 19585: 19584: 19576: 19575: 19574: 19568: 19563: 19562: 19561: 19551: 19550: 19549: 19543: 19542: 19541: 19535: 19534: 19533: 19525: 19524: 19523: 19521:Abu al-Khattab 19512: 19510: 19504: 19503: 19501: 19500: 19499: 19498: 19493: 19488: 19479:Abū Hulmān al- 19472: 19469: 19468: 19467: 19460: 19458: 19449: 19443: 19442: 19439: 19438: 19436: 19435: 19434:Amr ibn Murrah 19432: 19431:Ahmad ibn Hārb 19429: 19426: 19423: 19420: 19419:Salm ibn Sālem 19417: 19414: 19411: 19408: 19405: 19402: 19399: 19394: 19388: 19386: 19382: 19381: 19379: 19378: 19377: 19376: 19370: 19369: 19368: 19362: 19361: 19360: 19354: 19353: 19352: 19351:Sāleh ibn Umar 19346: 19345: 19344: 19338: 19337: 19336: 19330: 19329: 19328: 19327:Gassān al-Kūfī 19322: 19321: 19320: 19314: 19313: 19312: 19305: 19303: 19299: 19298: 19296: 19295: 19294: 19293: 19290: 19287: 19284: 19281: 19278: 19275: 19272: 19269: 19266: 19263: 19260: 19257: 19254: 19251: 19248: 19241: 19239: 19230: 19210: 19209: 19206: 19205: 19203: 19202: 19197: 19196: 19195: 19185: 19176: 19174:Jābir ibn Zayd 19171: 19165: 19163: 19157: 19156: 19154: 19153: 19152: 19151: 19142: 19132: 19131: 19130: 19120: 19119: 19118: 19112: 19111: 19110: 19100: 19099: 19098: 19095: 19092: 19085: 19083: 19074: 19062: 19061: 19058: 19057: 19055: 19054: 19049: 19048: 19047: 19042:Tawussite Shia 19039: 19038: 19037: 19023: 19022: 19021: 19007: 19001: 18999: 18992: 18991: 18989: 18988: 18987: 18986: 18981: 18980: 18979: 18974: 18973: 18972: 18967: 18966: 18965: 18960: 18945: 18944: 18943: 18925: 18924: 18923: 18922: 18921: 18915: 18914: 18913: 18910: 18909: 18908: 18905: 18897: 18882: 18881: 18880: 18869: 18867: 18859: 18858: 18856: 18855: 18854: 18853: 18844: 18831: 18817: 18816: 18815: 18803: 18802: 18801: 18796: 18795: 18794: 18789: 18784: 18764: 18763: 18762: 18745: 18727: 18726: 18725: 18714: 18712: 18702: 18701: 18699: 18698: 18697: 18696: 18687: 18673: 18672: 18671: 18654: 18636: 18635: 18634: 18608: 18607: 18606: 18601: 18600: 18599: 18594: 18578: 18576: 18563: 18541: 18540: 18537: 18536: 18534: 18533: 18532: 18531: 18526: 18516: 18515: 18514: 18512:Imams of Yemen 18509: 18507:Yahya ibn Umar 18504: 18503: 18502: 18492: 18487: 18482: 18471: 18469: 18460: 18454: 18453: 18450: 18449: 18447: 18446: 18445: 18444: 18443: 18442: 18433: 18420: 18397: 18396: 18395: 18394: 18393: 18379: 18368: 18366: 18354: 18353: 18351: 18350: 18349: 18348: 18343: 18338: 18337: 18336: 18331: 18330: 18329: 18324: 18319: 18309: 18308: 18307: 18302: 18297: 18292: 18282: 18281: 18280: 18261: 18251: 18250: 18249: 18244: 18239: 18229: 18228: 18227: 18218: 18216: 18201: 18191: 18190: 18178: 18177: 18174: 18173: 18170: 18169: 18167: 18166: 18161: 18155: 18152: 18151: 18148: 18147: 18145: 18144: 18133: 18122: 18115:Kitab al-Majmu 18111: 18103: 18101: 18097: 18096: 18094: 18093: 18086: 18081: 18074: 18067: 18060: 18052: 18050: 18044: 18043: 18041: 18040: 18033: 18026: 18019: 18012: 18005: 17998: 17991: 17984: 17977: 17970: 17963: 17956: 17953:Asas al-Taqdis 17948: 17946: 17937: 17933: 17932: 17929: 17928: 17926: 17925: 17920: 17915: 17910: 17905: 17899: 17897: 17891: 17890: 17888: 17887: 17882: 17877: 17872: 17867: 17866: 17865: 17855: 17850: 17845: 17840: 17835: 17829: 17827: 17821: 17820: 17818: 17817: 17816: 17815: 17805: 17803:Ja'far Sobhani 17800: 17795: 17790: 17785: 17780: 17775: 17770: 17765: 17760: 17755: 17754: 17753: 17748: 17743: 17738: 17733: 17728: 17723: 17718: 17713: 17708: 17706:Husayn ibn Ali 17703: 17698: 17687: 17685: 17679: 17678: 17676: 17675: 17674: 17673: 17665: 17664: 17663: 17653: 17652: 17651: 17641: 17639:Salman al-Ouda 17636: 17635: 17634: 17632:Sahwa movement 17624: 17622:Zubair Ali Zai 17619: 17614: 17613: 17612: 17602: 17601: 17600: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17570: 17565: 17560: 17555: 17554: 17553: 17543: 17538: 17532: 17530: 17524: 17523: 17521: 17520: 17519: 17518: 17515: 17512: 17509: 17502: 17500: 17494: 17493: 17491: 17490: 17487: 17482: 17477: 17472: 17470:Al-Zamakhshari 17467: 17466: 17465: 17455: 17449: 17446: 17443: 17440: 17434: 17431: 17428: 17425: 17422: 17415: 17413: 17401: 17400: 17398: 17397: 17377: 17375: 17369: 17368: 17366: 17365: 17355: 17354: 17353: 17345: 17329: 17318: 17316: 17310: 17309: 17307: 17306: 17305: 17304: 17303: 17302: 17289: 17288: 17287: 17276: 17274: 17268: 17267: 17265: 17264: 17259: 17254: 17249: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17224: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17207:Ahmad Sirhindi 17204: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17144: 17139: 17134: 17129: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17109: 17103: 17101: 17089: 17088: 17086: 17085: 17075: 17068:Malik ibn Anas 17065: 17054: 17052: 17043: 17042: 17040: 17039: 17034: 17029: 17024: 17019: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16974: 16969: 16964: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16914: 16909: 16904: 16899: 16894: 16889: 16884: 16879: 16874: 16869: 16864: 16859: 16854: 16849: 16844: 16839: 16834: 16832:Al-Shahrastani 16829: 16824: 16819: 16814: 16808: 16806: 16791: 16785: 16784: 16781: 16780: 16778: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16761: 16759: 16753: 16752: 16750: 16749: 16744: 16739: 16733: 16731: 16725: 16724: 16722: 16721: 16716: 16711: 16706: 16700: 16698: 16692: 16691: 16689: 16688: 16683: 16678: 16672: 16670: 16661: 16653: 16652: 16649: 16648: 16645: 16640: 16636: 16628: 16627: 16620: 16619: 16612: 16605: 16597: 16588: 16587: 16585: 16584: 16579: 16574: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16557:Matn Ibn Ashir 16554: 16549: 16544: 16539: 16534: 16529: 16523: 16521: 16515: 16514: 16507: 16506: 16499: 16492: 16484: 16475: 16474: 16472: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16401: 16395: 16393: 16389: 16388: 16386: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16325: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16280: 16275: 16270: 16265: 16260: 16255: 16250: 16244: 16242: 16238: 16237: 16235: 16234: 16229: 16224: 16219: 16214: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16194: 16192:Sufism history 16189: 16187:Sufi cosmology 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16164: 16159: 16146: 16144: 16140: 16139: 16137: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16101: 16089: 16084: 16079: 16074: 16069: 16064: 16059: 16054: 16048: 16046: 16042: 16041: 16039: 16038: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16018: 16012: 16010: 16006: 16005: 16003: 16002: 15997: 15992: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15948: 15936: 15931: 15926: 15921: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15901: 15896: 15891: 15886: 15874: 15862: 15850: 15845: 15839: 15837: 15831: 15830: 15828: 15827: 15822: 15817: 15816: 15815: 15805: 15800: 15788: 15783: 15778: 15773: 15761: 15749: 15737: 15725: 15720: 15718:Sufism pillars 15715: 15710: 15698: 15686: 15681: 15679:Salat al-Fatih 15676: 15664: 15659: 15654: 15649: 15644: 15639: 15634: 15622: 15610: 15605: 15593: 15581: 15575: 15573: 15567: 15566: 15564: 15563: 15558: 15553: 15548: 15543: 15538: 15533: 15528: 15526:Lataif-e-Sitta 15523: 15518: 15513: 15508: 15503: 15498: 15493: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15459:Aayane Thabita 15456: 15443: 15441: 15437: 15436: 15427: 15425: 15423: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15328: 15323: 15318: 15313: 15301: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15246: 15240: 15238: 15234: 15233: 15225: 15224: 15217: 15210: 15202: 15193: 15192: 15182: 15179: 15178: 15175: 15174: 15172: 15171: 15165: 15159: 15158:(d. 1302/1885) 15156:Muhammad Ahmad 15153: 15147: 15141: 15135: 15129: 15123: 15117: 15111: 15105: 15098: 15096: 15092: 15091: 15089: 15088: 15082: 15076: 15070: 15063: 15061: 15060:4th AH/10th AD 15057: 15056: 15054: 15053: 15047: 15041: 15035: 15029: 15023: 15020:Sari al-Saqati 15017: 15011: 15005: 14999: 14992: 14990: 14986: 14985: 14983: 14982: 14976: 14970: 14964: 14961:Ibn al-Mubarak 14958: 14952: 14946: 14940: 14934: 14928: 14922: 14915: 14913: 14906: 14900: 14899: 14897: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14855: 14853: 14847: 14846: 14844: 14843: 14838: 14833: 14828: 14823: 14818: 14813: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14782: 14780: 14776: 14775: 14773: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14716: 14714: 14710: 14709: 14702: 14700: 14698: 14697: 14683: 14669: 14655: 14641: 14627: 14617: 14603: 14589: 14575: 14561: 14547: 14533: 14519: 14505: 14490: 14488: 14482: 14481: 14474: 14473: 14466: 14459: 14451: 14444: 14443:External links 14441: 14439: 14438: 14432: 14417: 14415:. E.P. Dutton. 14408: 14403:978-1784790035 14402: 14394:ISF Publishing 14382: 14376: 14362:Sells, Michael 14358: 14356:on 2009-01-22. 14339: 14333: 14315: 14278: 14272: 14257: 14251: 14233: 14227: 14212: 14206: 14191: 14185: 14170: 14164: 14151: 14145: 14132: 14126: 14120:. SUNY Press. 14108: 14102: 14084: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14062: 14061: 14051:. July 5, 2016 14036: 14001: 13971: 13958: 13945:Qadri Shattari 13930: 13916:978-8171510818 13915: 13897: 13880:. 2011-07-01. 13865: 13850: 13838: 13822: 13795: 13771: 13769:, p. 371. 13753: 13741: 13727: 13707: 13693: 13673: 13666: 13646: 13632: 13612: 13598: 13578: 13564: 13544: 13530: 13510: 13485: 13471: 13451: 13439: 13418: 13414:Shah 1964–2014 13406: 13394: 13381:10.2307/598339 13359: 13332: 13295: 13265: 13235: 13208: 13178: 13165: 13158: 13138: 13124: 13118:. SUNY Press. 13104: 13086: 13066: 13053: 13031: 13020:www.soas.ac.uk 13007: 12989: 12953: 12923: 12896: 12877: 12839: 12811: 12783: 12751: 12744: 12738:. p. 65. 12728:, ed. (2015). 12717: 12710: 12694:, ed. (2006). 12683: 12657: 12650: 12644:. p. 59. 12618: 12611: 12605:. p. 30. 12595:, ed. (2013). 12584: 12577: 12571:. p. 26. 12550: 12543: 12508: 12498: 12478: 12452: 12445: 12414: 12385: 12374: 12366:Hachette India 12346: 12339: 12315: 12305: 12299:. p. 85. 12278: 12271: 12255:, ed. (2008). 12244: 12237: 12206: 12199: 12179:, ed. (2006). 12168: 12161: 12134: 12127: 12099: 12092: 12086:. p. 46. 12068: 12057: 12041:, ed. (2018). 12030: 12023: 12007:, ed. (2015). 11995: 11984:. p. 89. 11962: 11944: 11926: 11917: 11904: 11892: 11871: 11856: 11836: 11806: 11790: 11783: 11760: 11751: 11742: 11733: 11724: 11715: 11706: 11697: 11690: 11672: 11665: 11647: 11640: 11620: 11613: 11593: 11586: 11566: 11541: 11516: 11494: 11485:|website= 11452: 11429: 11408: 11383: 11377:Ahmed, Leila. 11370: 11357: 11351:Ahmed, Leila. 11344: 11335:|website= 11317: 11297: 11276: 11264: 11252: 11239: 11214: 11193: 11170: 11157: 11131: 11114: 11092: 11082:. gulfnews.com 11071: 11055: 11042: 11029: 11016: 11003: 10982: 10962: 10938: 10921: 10903: 10878: 10871: 10853: 10835: 10816: 10791: 10765: 10752: 10738: 10733:Radd al-Muhtar 10723: 10694: 10657: 10643: 10618: 10597: 10594:on 2015-06-09. 10579: 10576:on 2008-04-15. 10561: 10552: 10526: 10506: 10481: 10460: 10435: 10402: 10384: 10359: 10343: 10331: 10313: 10301:Shafiifiqh.com 10277: 10240: 10228: 10207: 10202:978-0253354877 10201: 10178: 10159: 10144: 10126: 10123:, Aisha Bewley 10109: 10107:, p. 169. 10097: 10082: 10080:, p. 130. 10067: 10065:, p. 125. 10055: 10035: 10020: 10002: 9989: 9968: 9961: 9941: 9934: 9902: 9873: 9853: 9846: 9826: 9796: 9784: 9772: 9760: 9740: 9725: 9689: 9676: 9654: 9632: 9611: 9597:Dina Le Gall, 9590: 9577: 9564: 9527: 9513: 9495: 9491:The New Yorker 9482: 9476:Martin Lings, 9469: 9453: 9425: 9403:The Muslim 500 9389: 9383:Martin Lings, 9373: 9360: 9353: 9347:. Fons Vitae. 9333: 9313: 9296: 9293:on 2015-04-14. 9273:Terræ Brasilis 9260: 9253: 9232: 9217: 9188: 9179: 9172: 9151: 9128: 9114: 9112:, p. 446. 9089: 9082: 9062: 9060:, p. 499. 9050: 9029: 9008: 8980: 8972: 8952: 8893: 8868: 8852: 8845: 8839:. SUNY Press. 8822: 8807: 8801:978-0520252691 8800: 8779: 8756: 8743: 8720: 8707:978-1780744209 8706: 8675: 8650: 8643: 8623: 8612:naqshbandi.org 8599: 8584: 8577: 8557: 8541: 8535:978-0061625992 8534: 8513: 8487: 8478: 8466: 8440: 8428: 8401: 8389: 8382:Shah 1964–2014 8374: 8357: 8329: 8323:Martin Lings, 8316: 8303: 8290: 8283: 8245: 8239:Martin Lings, 8229: 8214: 8180: 8173: 8133: 8120: 8111: 8105: 8085: 8063: 8031: 8005: 7987: 7959: 7938:(3): 156–158. 7918: 7889: 7869: 7854: 7830: 7796: 7789: 7763: 7739: 7710: 7690: 7663: 7656: 7593: 7546: 7539: 7519: 7500:(2): 221–268. 7480: 7461: 7415: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7335:Husayn ibn Ali 7319:Main article: 7316: 7313: 7288: 7285: 7271:Muhammad Iqbal 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7104: 7056: 7055: 7010: 7008: 7001: 6995: 6992: 6906: 6903: 6861:Philip Jenkins 6850:Museum Library 6848:Topkapı Palace 6807: 6804: 6728:fundamentalist 6629:Main article: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6604: 6585: 6575: 6563: 6562:(d. 736/1336). 6532: 6531:(d. 606/1209). 6513: 6512:(d. 465/1072). 6494: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6457: 6410: 6387: 6368: 6348: 6336: 6324: 6293: 6262:Main article: 6259: 6256: 6228: 6225: 6209: 6206: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6162: 6155: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6115: 6089: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6068: 6067: 6055: 6046:Fusus al-Hikam 6035: 6032: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6008: 6000: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977:(d. 1250/1834) 5971: 5963: 5955: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5932:(d. 1034/1624) 5929:Ahmad Sirhindi 5926: 5924:(d. 1014/1606) 5918: 5910: 5902: 5887: 5872: 5864: 5862:(d. 841/ 1437) 5856: 5848: 5833: 5825: 5817: 5809: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5771: 5769:(d. 1371/1951) 5763: 5755: 5750:Meher Ali Shah 5747: 5745:(d. 1354/1935) 5732: 5730:(d. 1332/1914) 5724: 5722:(d. 1252/1836) 5716: 5714:(d. 1205/1791) 5708: 5706:(d. 1171/1758) 5700: 5698:(d. 1162/1749) 5685: 5683:(d. 1143/1731) 5677: 5675:(d. 1137/1725) 5669: 5667:(d. 1105/1694) 5661: 5659:(d. 1089/1679) 5653: 5651:(d. 1067/1657) 5645: 5643:(d. 1050/1640) 5637: 5635:(d. 1041/1631) 5629: 5627:(d. 1032/1622) 5621: 5613: 5605: 5597: 5589: 5581: 5573: 5565: 5557: 5542: 5534: 5526: 5518: 5503: 5495: 5487: 5472: 5464: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5435: 5427: 5419: 5411: 5403: 5395: 5380: 5365: 5357: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5336: 5335: 5327: 5312: 5297: 5282: 5274: 5266: 5258: 5250: 5235: 5227: 5219: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5178: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5159: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5099: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5078: 5075: 5028: 5025: 5017: 5014: 5008:, present-day 4961: 4958: 4945: 4942: 4918:Bakhtiyar Kaki 4895: 4892: 4852: 4849: 4784: 4781: 4751:Husayn ibn Ali 4723: 4720: 4704: 4701: 4693: 4690: 4668: 4655:Hasan of Basra 4651:Rabia of Basra 4639:grinding grain 4630: 4627: 4615: 4612: 4577:The Educating 4565:Lataif-e-Sitta 4480:: At-Takhalli 4463: 4462:Other concepts 4460: 4452:Sufi cosmology 4384:Lataif-e-sitta 4377: 4374: 4318: 4315: 4252: 4249: 4199:Main article: 4196: 4193: 4172:, Bangladesh. 4116:, Tajikistan; 4090:Main article: 4087: 4084: 4078:(d. 815), and 4064:Farqad Sabakhi 4060:Hasan of Basra 4004:Main article: 3970: 3967: 3857: 3854: 3743:Main article: 3740: 3737: 3695:Main article: 3692: 3689: 3550:Main article: 3547: 3544: 3493: 3490: 3454: 3451: 3390: 3387: 3332: 3329: 3230:("order") and 3206:Fatehpur Sikri 3193: 3190: 3172: 3169: 3095: 3092: 3008: 3005: 2955: 2952: 2784:Bektashi Order 2749:Ahmed el-Tayeb 2682: 2679: 2633:Blagaj, Mostar 2540:Ottoman Sultan 2529:Mughal emperor 2516: 2513: 2393:Safavid Persia 2377: 2374: 2314:Futuh al-ghayb 2253:(c. 1480–1490) 2242: 2239: 1953: 1950: 1930:Hasan of Basra 1915:Sari al-Saqati 1868:Hasan al-Basri 1849:Hasan al-Basri 1748: 1745: 1740:Main article: 1737: 1734: 1633: 1630: 1559: 1556: 1537:fundamentalist 1486:Hasan al-Basri 1313: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1302: 1295: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1237: 1232: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1166: 1163:Related topics 1161: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1147: 1145:Social welfare 1142: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 975: 966: 965: 962: 961: 958: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 931: 930: 923: 916: 908: 907: 902: 896: 891: 890: 887: 886: 883: 882: 874: 865: 864: 858: 850: 842: 833: 832: 812: 804: 801: 800: 795: 789: 788: 787: 784: 783: 780: 779: 774: 769: 763: 762: 757: 751: 746: 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 735:Predestination 731: 730: 725: 719: 718: 716:Revealed Books 713: 707: 706: 696: 691: 690: 687: 686: 678: 677: 671: 670: 658: 657: 655: 654: 647: 640: 632: 629: 628: 615: 614: 611: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 559: 556: 555: 552: 551: 548: 547: 542: 540:Notable modern 537: 531: 528: 527: 524: 523: 520: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 333: 328: 327: 324: 323: 320: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 278: 275: 274: 271: 270: 267: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 224:Sufi cosmology 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 97: 91: 88: 87: 84: 83: 76: 66: 65: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 26690: 26679: 26676: 26674: 26671: 26669: 26666: 26664: 26661: 26660: 26658: 26648: 26638: 26636: 26631: 26626: 26625: 26622: 26609: 26605: 26601: 26599: 26591: 26590: 26587: 26573: 26570: 26568: 26565: 26563: 26560: 26558: 26555: 26553: 26550: 26548: 26545: 26543: 26540: 26538: 26535: 26533: 26530: 26528: 26525: 26523: 26520: 26518: 26515: 26514: 26512: 26510: 26509:South America 26506: 26500: 26497: 26495: 26492: 26490: 26487: 26485: 26482: 26480: 26477: 26475: 26472: 26470: 26467: 26465: 26462: 26460: 26457: 26455: 26452: 26450: 26447: 26445: 26442: 26440: 26437: 26435: 26432: 26431: 26429: 26427: 26423: 26417: 26416:United States 26414: 26412: 26409: 26407: 26404: 26402: 26399: 26397: 26394: 26392: 26389: 26387: 26384: 26382: 26379: 26377: 26374: 26372: 26369: 26367: 26364: 26362: 26359: 26357: 26354: 26352: 26349: 26347: 26344: 26342: 26339: 26337: 26334: 26332: 26329: 26327: 26324: 26322: 26319: 26317: 26314: 26312: 26309: 26307: 26304: 26303: 26301: 26299: 26298:North America 26295: 26287: 26284: 26282: 26279: 26277: 26274: 26272: 26269: 26268: 26267: 26264: 26262: 26259: 26257: 26254: 26252: 26249: 26247: 26244: 26242: 26239: 26237: 26234: 26232: 26229: 26227: 26224: 26222: 26219: 26217: 26214: 26212: 26209: 26207: 26204: 26202: 26199: 26197: 26194: 26192: 26189: 26187: 26184: 26182: 26179: 26177: 26174: 26172: 26169: 26167: 26164: 26162: 26159: 26157: 26156:Liechtenstein 26154: 26152: 26149: 26147: 26144: 26142: 26139: 26137: 26134: 26132: 26129: 26127: 26124: 26122: 26119: 26117: 26114: 26112: 26109: 26107: 26104: 26102: 26099: 26097: 26094: 26092: 26089: 26087: 26084: 26082: 26079: 26077: 26074: 26072: 26069: 26067: 26064: 26062: 26059: 26057: 26054: 26052: 26049: 26048: 26046: 26044: 26040: 26034: 26031: 26029: 26026: 26024: 26021: 26019: 26016: 26014: 26011: 26009: 26006: 26004: 26001: 25999: 25996: 25994: 25991: 25989: 25986: 25984: 25981: 25979: 25976: 25974: 25971: 25969: 25966: 25964: 25961: 25959: 25956: 25954: 25951: 25949: 25946: 25944: 25941: 25939: 25936: 25934: 25931: 25929: 25926: 25924: 25921: 25919: 25916: 25914: 25911: 25909: 25906: 25904: 25901: 25899: 25896: 25892: 25889: 25887: 25884: 25883: 25882: 25879: 25877: 25874: 25872: 25869: 25867: 25864: 25862: 25859: 25857: 25854: 25852: 25849: 25847: 25844: 25842: 25839: 25837: 25834: 25832: 25829: 25827: 25824: 25822: 25819: 25817: 25814: 25812: 25809: 25807: 25804: 25802: 25799: 25797: 25794: 25792: 25789: 25787: 25784: 25782: 25779: 25777: 25774: 25773: 25771: 25769: 25765: 25759: 25756: 25754: 25751: 25749: 25746: 25744: 25741: 25739: 25736: 25734: 25731: 25729: 25726: 25724: 25721: 25719: 25716: 25714: 25711: 25709: 25706: 25704: 25701: 25699: 25696: 25694: 25691: 25689: 25686: 25684: 25681: 25679: 25676: 25674: 25671: 25669: 25666: 25664: 25661: 25659: 25656: 25654: 25651: 25649: 25646: 25644: 25641: 25639: 25636: 25634: 25631: 25629: 25626: 25624: 25621: 25619: 25616: 25614: 25611: 25609: 25608:Guinea-Bissau 25606: 25604: 25601: 25599: 25596: 25594: 25591: 25589: 25586: 25584: 25581: 25579: 25576: 25574: 25571: 25569: 25566: 25564: 25561: 25559: 25556: 25554: 25551: 25549: 25546: 25544: 25541: 25539: 25536: 25534: 25531: 25529: 25526: 25524: 25521: 25519: 25516: 25514: 25511: 25509: 25506: 25504: 25501: 25499: 25496: 25494: 25491: 25490: 25488: 25486: 25482: 25478: 25471: 25467: 25453: 25450: 25448: 25445: 25443: 25440: 25438: 25435: 25433: 25432:Organizations 25430: 25428: 25425: 25423: 25420: 25418: 25415: 25413: 25410: 25408: 25405: 25403: 25400: 25398: 25395: 25393: 25390: 25389: 25387: 25384: 25376: 25370: 25367: 25365: 25362: 25360: 25357: 25355: 25352: 25350: 25347: 25345: 25342: 25340: 25337: 25335: 25332: 25330: 25327: 25325: 25322: 25320: 25317: 25316: 25314: 25311: 25306: 25301: 25295: 25292: 25288: 25285: 25283: 25280: 25278: 25275: 25274: 25273: 25270: 25268: 25265: 25263: 25262:Vegetarianism 25260: 25258: 25255: 25253: 25250: 25248: 25245: 25243: 25240: 25238: 25235: 25233: 25230: 25228: 25225: 25223: 25220: 25218: 25215: 25213: 25210: 25208: 25207:Homosexuality 25205: 25203: 25200: 25198: 25195: 25193: 25190: 25186: 25183: 25181: 25178: 25176: 25173: 25171: 25168: 25167: 25166: 25163: 25161: 25158: 25156: 25153: 25151: 25148: 25144: 25141: 25139: 25136: 25134: 25131: 25130: 25129: 25126: 25122: 25119: 25117: 25114: 25112: 25109: 25108: 25107: 25103: 25100: 25098: 25095: 25093: 25090: 25089: 25087: 25084: 25077: 25071: 25068: 25066: 25063: 25061: 25058: 25054: 25051: 25050: 25049: 25046: 25044: 25041: 25039: 25036: 25034: 25031: 25029: 25028:Neurotheology 25026: 25024: 25021: 25019: 25016: 25014: 25011: 25009: 25006: 25004: 25001: 24999: 24996: 24995: 24993: 24991: 24985: 24979: 24976: 24974: 24971: 24969: 24966: 24964: 24961: 24959: 24956: 24954: 24951: 24949: 24946: 24944: 24941: 24939: 24936: 24934: 24931: 24930: 24928: 24926: 24922: 24914: 24911: 24909: 24906: 24904: 24901: 24900: 24899: 24896: 24894: 24891: 24889: 24886: 24884: 24881: 24879: 24876: 24874: 24871: 24869: 24866: 24864: 24861: 24857: 24854: 24852: 24849: 24847: 24844: 24842: 24839: 24838: 24837: 24834: 24830: 24827: 24825: 24822: 24820: 24817: 24816: 24815: 24812: 24810: 24807: 24805: 24802: 24800: 24797: 24795: 24792: 24790: 24787: 24785: 24782: 24780: 24777: 24775: 24772: 24770: 24767: 24763: 24760: 24758: 24755: 24753: 24750: 24749: 24748: 24745: 24743: 24740: 24738: 24735: 24733: 24730: 24728: 24725: 24723: 24722:Folk religion 24720: 24718: 24715: 24713: 24710: 24708: 24705: 24703: 24700: 24698: 24695: 24693: 24690: 24688: 24685: 24683: 24680: 24678: 24674: 24671: 24669: 24666: 24664: 24661: 24659: 24656: 24654: 24650: 24647: 24646: 24644: 24640: 24636: 24629: 24625: 24615: 24612: 24610: 24607: 24605: 24602: 24600: 24597: 24595: 24592: 24590: 24587: 24585: 24582: 24578: 24575: 24573: 24570: 24568: 24565: 24564: 24563: 24560: 24556: 24553: 24551: 24548: 24546: 24545:Imperial cult 24543: 24541: 24538: 24536: 24533: 24532: 24531: 24528: 24526: 24523: 24519: 24516: 24514: 24511: 24509: 24506: 24505: 24504: 24501: 24497: 24494: 24492: 24489: 24488: 24487: 24484: 24480: 24477: 24475: 24472: 24470: 24467: 24465: 24462: 24461: 24460: 24457: 24455: 24452: 24448: 24445: 24444: 24443: 24440: 24436: 24433: 24431: 24428: 24427: 24426: 24423: 24421: 24418: 24414: 24411: 24410: 24409: 24406: 24404: 24401: 24399: 24396: 24394: 24391: 24389: 24386: 24384: 24381: 24379: 24376: 24374: 24371: 24367: 24364: 24362: 24359: 24357: 24354: 24352: 24349: 24347: 24344: 24343: 24342: 24339: 24335: 24332: 24330: 24327: 24325: 24322: 24320: 24317: 24316: 24315: 24312: 24310: 24307: 24303: 24300: 24299: 24298: 24295: 24293: 24290: 24288: 24285: 24281: 24278: 24277: 24276: 24273: 24271: 24268: 24266: 24263: 24259: 24256: 24254: 24251: 24250: 24249: 24246: 24244: 24241: 24237: 24234: 24232: 24229: 24227: 24224: 24223: 24222: 24219: 24217: 24214: 24212: 24209: 24207: 24204: 24200: 24197: 24196: 24195: 24192: 24191: 24188: 24184: 24179: 24175: 24155: 24152: 24151: 24150: 24147: 24145: 24142: 24140: 24137: 24135: 24132: 24130: 24127: 24125: 24122: 24120: 24117: 24115: 24114:Discordianism 24112: 24110: 24109:Anthroposophy 24107: 24106: 24104: 24100: 24092: 24091: 24087: 24086: 24085: 24082: 24080: 24077: 24073: 24070: 24068: 24065: 24063: 24060: 24058: 24057:Mari religion 24055: 24053: 24050: 24048: 24045: 24043: 24040: 24039: 24038: 24035: 24033: 24030: 24028: 24025: 24023: 24020: 24018: 24015: 24013: 24010: 24008: 24005: 24003: 24000: 23998: 23995: 23991: 23988: 23987: 23986: 23983: 23979: 23976: 23974: 23971: 23970: 23969: 23966: 23962: 23959: 23957: 23954: 23953: 23952: 23949: 23947: 23944: 23940: 23937: 23936: 23934: 23933: 23931: 23929: 23923: 23917: 23914: 23912: 23909: 23907: 23904: 23900: 23897: 23895: 23894:Neo-Theosophy 23892: 23891: 23890: 23887: 23885: 23882: 23880: 23877: 23875: 23872: 23870: 23867: 23863: 23860: 23859: 23858: 23855: 23853: 23850: 23848: 23845: 23843: 23840: 23838: 23835: 23833: 23832:New Acropolis 23830: 23828: 23825: 23823: 23820: 23818: 23815: 23813: 23810: 23808: 23805: 23804: 23802: 23798: 23795: 23793: 23785: 23775: 23772: 23770: 23767: 23765: 23762: 23760: 23757: 23756: 23754: 23750: 23738: 23735: 23733: 23730: 23728: 23725: 23723: 23720: 23718: 23715: 23713: 23710: 23708: 23705: 23703: 23700: 23698: 23695: 23693: 23690: 23688: 23685: 23683: 23680: 23678: 23675: 23673: 23670: 23666: 23663: 23661: 23658: 23656: 23653: 23652: 23651: 23648: 23647: 23646: 23644: 23640: 23639: 23634: 23631: 23630: 23629: 23626: 23624: 23621: 23619: 23616: 23614: 23611: 23609: 23606: 23604: 23601: 23599: 23596: 23594: 23591: 23589: 23586: 23584: 23581: 23579: 23576: 23574: 23571: 23569: 23566: 23564: 23561: 23559: 23556: 23554: 23551: 23549: 23546: 23544: 23541: 23537: 23534: 23532: 23529: 23528: 23527: 23524: 23522: 23519: 23517: 23514: 23512: 23509: 23508: 23506: 23504: 23498: 23490: 23487: 23486: 23485: 23482: 23481: 23479: 23477:North African 23475: 23472: 23470: 23464: 23458: 23455: 23453: 23450: 23448: 23445: 23443: 23440: 23438: 23435: 23433: 23430: 23428: 23425: 23423: 23420: 23418: 23415: 23413: 23410: 23408: 23405: 23403: 23400: 23399: 23397: 23395: 23391: 23385: 23382: 23380: 23377: 23375: 23372: 23370: 23367: 23366: 23364: 23362: 23358: 23354: 23348: 23345: 23343: 23340: 23338: 23335: 23333: 23330: 23328: 23325: 23321: 23318: 23316: 23313: 23312: 23311: 23308: 23306: 23303: 23301: 23298: 23296: 23293: 23291: 23288: 23286: 23283: 23279: 23276: 23274: 23271: 23269: 23266: 23264: 23261: 23260: 23259: 23256: 23254: 23251: 23249: 23246: 23242: 23239: 23238: 23237: 23234: 23232: 23231:Kwakwakaʼwakw 23229: 23227: 23224: 23220: 23217: 23215: 23212: 23210: 23207: 23205: 23202: 23200: 23197: 23196: 23195: 23192: 23190: 23187: 23185: 23182: 23180: 23177: 23175: 23171: 23168: 23166: 23163: 23161: 23158: 23156: 23153: 23151: 23148: 23144: 23141: 23139: 23136: 23134: 23131: 23129: 23126: 23125: 23124: 23121: 23119: 23116: 23114: 23111: 23107: 23104: 23103: 23102: 23099: 23097: 23094: 23092: 23089: 23088: 23086: 23084: 23078: 23072: 23069: 23067: 23064: 23060: 23057: 23055: 23052: 23051: 23050: 23047: 23043: 23040: 23039: 23038: 23035: 23033: 23030: 23028: 23025: 23023: 23020: 23016: 23013: 23011: 23008: 23007: 23005: 23001: 22998: 22996: 22993: 22992: 22991: 22988: 22986: 22983: 22982: 22980: 22978: 22974: 22968: 22965: 22964: 22962: 22960: 22959:Austroasiatic 22956: 22948: 22945: 22943: 22940: 22939: 22938: 22935: 22931: 22930:Vattisen Yaly 22928: 22926: 22923: 22921: 22918: 22917: 22916: 22912: 22909: 22908: 22906: 22904: 22900: 22897: 22895: 22891: 22875: 22872: 22870: 22867: 22866: 22865: 22862: 22860: 22857: 22855: 22852: 22850: 22849:Kirat Mundhum 22847: 22845: 22842: 22838: 22835: 22833: 22830: 22829: 22828: 22825: 22823: 22820: 22818: 22815: 22814: 22812: 22808: 22802: 22801: 22797: 22795: 22792: 22788: 22785: 22784: 22783: 22780: 22776: 22773: 22771: 22768: 22766: 22762: 22758: 22755: 22754: 22753: 22750: 22748: 22745: 22744: 22742: 22740: 22736: 22730: 22729: 22725: 22723: 22720: 22718: 22715: 22713: 22710: 22708: 22705: 22703: 22700: 22698: 22695: 22691: 22688: 22686: 22683: 22681: 22678: 22676: 22673: 22671: 22668: 22666: 22663: 22661: 22658: 22656: 22653: 22652: 22651: 22648: 22644: 22641: 22639: 22636: 22634: 22631: 22629: 22626: 22624: 22621: 22619: 22616: 22614: 22611: 22609: 22606: 22604: 22601: 22600: 22599: 22596: 22595: 22593: 22591: 22587: 22584: 22582: 22578: 22568: 22565: 22563: 22560: 22558: 22555: 22553: 22550: 22548: 22545: 22544: 22542: 22540: 22536: 22530: 22527: 22525: 22522: 22520: 22517: 22516: 22514: 22512: 22508: 22502: 22499: 22497: 22494: 22492: 22489: 22485: 22484: 22480: 22479: 22478: 22475: 22474: 22472: 22470: 22466: 22458: 22455: 22453: 22450: 22449: 22448: 22445: 22441: 22438: 22436: 22433: 22432: 22431: 22428: 22426: 22423: 22421: 22418: 22416: 22413: 22411: 22408: 22407: 22405: 22403: 22399: 22396: 22394: 22390: 22387: 22385: 22381: 22367: 22364: 22362: 22359: 22357: 22354: 22353: 22351: 22347: 22341: 22338: 22336: 22333: 22331: 22328: 22326: 22323: 22322: 22320: 22318: 22314: 22308: 22305: 22303: 22300: 22298: 22295: 22294: 22292: 22290: 22286: 22283: 22281: 22277: 22267: 22264: 22262: 22259: 22257: 22254: 22252: 22249: 22247: 22244: 22242: 22239: 22237: 22234: 22233: 22231: 22227: 22221: 22220: 22216: 22214: 22211: 22209: 22208:Milah Abraham 22206: 22204: 22201: 22199: 22196: 22194: 22191: 22189: 22186: 22182: 22179: 22178: 22177: 22174: 22172: 22169: 22165: 22162: 22160: 22157: 22155: 22152: 22150: 22147: 22146: 22145: 22142: 22136: 22133: 22131: 22128: 22127: 22126: 22123: 22121: 22118: 22116: 22113: 22111: 22108: 22107: 22106: 22103: 22102: 22100: 22098: 22094: 22088: 22087: 22083: 22079: 22076: 22074: 22071: 22069: 22066: 22064: 22061: 22059: 22056: 22054: 22051: 22049: 22046: 22044: 22041: 22039: 22035: 22032: 22031: 22030: 22027: 22025: 22022: 22020: 22017: 22015: 22012: 22010: 22007: 22005: 22002: 21998: 21995: 21993: 21990: 21988: 21985: 21981: 21978: 21977: 21976: 21973: 21971: 21968: 21966: 21963: 21961: 21958: 21954: 21951: 21949: 21946: 21944: 21941: 21940: 21939: 21936: 21932: 21929: 21927: 21924: 21922: 21919: 21918: 21917: 21914: 21912: 21909: 21907: 21904: 21900: 21897: 21895: 21892: 21890: 21887: 21885: 21882: 21880: 21877: 21876: 21875: 21872: 21870: 21867: 21866: 21865: 21864:Protestantism 21862: 21858: 21855: 21853: 21849: 21846: 21845: 21844: 21841: 21837: 21834: 21832: 21829: 21828: 21827: 21824: 21822: 21819: 21815: 21812: 21811: 21810: 21807: 21803: 21800: 21798: 21795: 21794: 21793: 21790: 21789: 21787: 21785: 21781: 21775: 21774: 21770: 21768: 21765: 21763: 21760: 21758: 21755: 21753: 21750: 21748: 21745: 21743: 21740: 21738: 21735: 21729: 21726: 21725: 21724: 21721: 21717: 21714: 21713: 21712: 21709: 21708: 21707: 21704: 21703: 21701: 21699: 21695: 21692: 21690: 21686: 21683: 21681: 21677: 21673: 21669: 21664: 21660: 21656: 21649: 21644: 21642: 21637: 21635: 21630: 21629: 21626: 21614: 21606: 21604: 21594: 21593: 21590: 21576: 21573: 21571: 21568: 21566: 21563: 21561: 21558: 21556: 21553: 21551: 21548: 21546: 21543: 21541: 21538: 21534: 21531: 21530: 21529: 21526: 21522: 21519: 21517: 21516:Post-Islamism 21514: 21512: 21509: 21508: 21507: 21504: 21502: 21499: 21495: 21492: 21490: 21487: 21486: 21485: 21482: 21481: 21479: 21475: 21469: 21466: 21464: 21461: 21459: 21456: 21454: 21451: 21450: 21448: 21446: 21442: 21436: 21433: 21431: 21428: 21426: 21423: 21421: 21418: 21414: 21413:Protestantism 21411: 21409: 21406: 21405: 21404: 21401: 21400: 21398: 21396: 21392: 21388: 21378: 21374: 21360: 21357: 21355: 21354: 21350: 21348: 21345: 21341: 21338: 21337: 21336: 21333: 21331: 21328: 21326: 21323: 21321: 21318: 21316: 21313: 21311: 21308: 21307: 21305: 21301: 21295: 21292: 21290: 21287: 21285: 21282: 21280: 21277: 21276: 21274: 21272: 21268: 21262: 21259: 21257: 21256:Ophthalmology 21254: 21252: 21249: 21247: 21244: 21242: 21239: 21237: 21234: 21232: 21229: 21227: 21224: 21223: 21221: 21219: 21215: 21209: 21206: 21204: 21201: 21199: 21196: 21194: 21191: 21189: 21186: 21184: 21181: 21179: 21176: 21174: 21171: 21170: 21168: 21166: 21162: 21158: 21154: 21146: 21142: 21128: 21125: 21121: 21120: 21116: 21115: 21114: 21111: 21109: 21106: 21104: 21101: 21097: 21094: 21093: 21092: 21089: 21087: 21086: 21082: 21080: 21077: 21075: 21074: 21070: 21068: 21065: 21063: 21062: 21058: 21056: 21053: 21051: 21048: 21046: 21043: 21041: 21038: 21036: 21033: 21031: 21028: 21026: 21023: 21021: 21020: 21016: 21014: 21013: 21009: 21005: 21004:Death penalty 21002: 21000: 20997: 20995: 20992: 20991: 20990: 20987: 20985: 20982: 20980: 20979: 20975: 20974: 20972: 20970:Other aspects 20968: 20962: 20961: 20957: 20955: 20954: 20950: 20948: 20947: 20943: 20941: 20940: 20936: 20934: 20933: 20929: 20927: 20926: 20922: 20920: 20919: 20915: 20914: 20912: 20907: 20904: 20902: 20899: 20897: 20894: 20893: 20890: 20884: 20883: 20879: 20877: 20874: 20872: 20871: 20867: 20865: 20864: 20860: 20858: 20857: 20853: 20851: 20850: 20846: 20845: 20843: 20841: 20837: 20831: 20830: 20826: 20824: 20823: 20819: 20817: 20816: 20812: 20810: 20809: 20805: 20803: 20800: 20798: 20795: 20794: 20792: 20790: 20786: 20782: 20775: 20774:Jurisprudence 20772: 20770: 20767: 20766: 20762: 20758: 20748: 20745: 20743: 20740: 20738: 20735: 20733: 20730: 20728: 20725: 20723: 20722: 20718: 20716: 20713: 20711: 20708: 20706: 20703: 20701: 20698: 20696: 20693: 20691: 20688: 20686: 20683: 20681: 20678: 20676: 20673: 20671: 20668: 20666: 20663: 20661: 20658: 20656: 20653: 20651: 20648: 20647: 20645: 20640: 20637: 20635: 20632: 20631: 20628: 20622: 20619: 20617: 20614: 20610: 20607: 20606: 20605: 20602: 20600: 20597: 20595: 20592: 20588: 20585: 20581: 20578: 20577: 20576: 20573: 20571: 20568: 20566: 20563: 20561: 20558: 20557: 20556: 20553: 20551: 20548: 20546: 20543: 20539: 20535: 20531: 20527: 20524: 20523: 20522: 20519: 20518: 20516: 20514: 20513:Denominations 20510: 20504: 20503: 20499: 20497: 20494: 20492: 20489: 20487: 20484: 20482: 20479: 20478: 20476: 20474: 20470: 20462: 20459: 20457: 20454: 20452: 20449: 20447: 20444: 20442: 20439: 20437: 20434: 20432: 20429: 20427: 20426: 20422: 20421: 20420: 20417: 20415: 20412: 20410: 20409: 20405: 20403: 20402: 20398: 20396: 20393: 20391: 20388: 20386: 20383: 20381: 20378: 20376: 20373: 20372: 20370: 20365: 20362: 20360: 20357: 20356: 20353: 20347: 20346: 20342: 20340: 20339: 20335: 20333: 20332: 20328: 20326: 20325: 20321: 20319: 20318: 20314: 20313: 20311: 20309: 20305: 20299: 20298:Holiest sites 20296: 20294: 20293:Judgement Day 20291: 20289: 20288: 20284: 20282: 20279: 20277: 20274: 20272: 20269: 20265: 20262: 20261: 20260: 20257: 20255: 20254: 20250: 20246: 20243: 20242: 20241: 20238: 20237: 20235: 20233: 20229: 20225: 20221: 20220: 20214: 20209: 20202: 20197: 20195: 20190: 20188: 20183: 20182: 20179: 20159: 20156: 20154: 20151: 20149: 20146: 20144: 20141: 20139: 20136: 20133: 20129: 20128: 20125: 20115: 20112: 20110: 20107: 20105: 20102: 20100: 20097: 20095: 20092: 20090: 20087: 20086: 20084: 20082: 20081:Other beliefs 20078: 20072: 20069: 20065: 20062: 20060: 20056: 20055:Hilmi Tunahan 20053: 20051: 20047: 20044: 20043: 20042: 20039: 20038: 20036: 20034: 20030: 20022: 20018: 20016: 20013: 20011: 20008: 20006: 20005:Muhammad Asad 20003: 20001: 19998: 19997: 19996: 19993: 19992: 19990: 19988: 19984: 19976: 19972: 19968: 19965: 19964: 19963: 19960: 19956: 19952: 19949: 19948: 19947: 19944: 19940: 19936: 19932: 19929: 19928: 19927: 19924: 19920: 19916: 19915:Sabbatai Zevi 19913: 19912: 19911: 19908: 19905: 19901: 19898: 19896: 19893: 19891: 19888: 19887: 19886: 19883: 19882: 19880: 19878: 19874: 19871: 19869: 19861: 19849: 19846: 19844: 19841: 19840: 19839: 19836: 19832: 19829: 19827: 19824: 19823: 19822: 19819: 19817: 19814: 19812: 19809: 19808: 19806: 19804: 19800: 19791: 19790: 19788: 19783: 19782: 19780: 19773: 19772: 19770: 19767: 19765:Ali al-Aswarī 19764: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19751: 19750: 19748: 19747: 19745: 19740: 19739: 19738: 19735: 19729: 19726: 19723: 19722: 19721: 19718: 19715: 19714: 19712: 19711: 19709: 19706: 19701: 19697: 19691: 19687: 19683: 19680: 19677: 19673: 19669: 19666: 19664: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19651: 19647: 19644: 19643: 19641: 19639: 19635: 19632: 19629: 19622: 19618: 19606: 19603: 19602: 19600: 19598: 19595: 19593: 19590: 19587: 19582: 19581: 19580: 19577: 19572: 19571: 19569: 19567: 19564: 19560: 19557: 19556: 19555: 19552: 19547: 19546: 19544: 19539: 19538: 19537:Muʿāmmarīyya 19536: 19531: 19530: 19529: 19526: 19522: 19519: 19518: 19517: 19514: 19513: 19511: 19509: 19505: 19497: 19494: 19492: 19489: 19486: 19482: 19478: 19477: 19476: 19473: 19470: 19465: 19464: 19462: 19461: 19459: 19457: 19453: 19450: 19448: 19444: 19433: 19430: 19427: 19424: 19421: 19418: 19415: 19412: 19409: 19406: 19403: 19400: 19398: 19395: 19393: 19390: 19389: 19387: 19383: 19374: 19373: 19371: 19366: 19365: 19363: 19358: 19357: 19355: 19350: 19349: 19347: 19342: 19341: 19339: 19334: 19333: 19331: 19326: 19325: 19323: 19318: 19317: 19315: 19310: 19309: 19307: 19306: 19304: 19300: 19291: 19288: 19285: 19282: 19279: 19276: 19273: 19270: 19267: 19264: 19261: 19258: 19255: 19252: 19249: 19246: 19245: 19243: 19242: 19240: 19238: 19234: 19231: 19228: 19222: 19215: 19211: 19201: 19198: 19194: 19191: 19190: 19189: 19186: 19184: 19180: 19177: 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19166: 19164: 19162: 19158: 19150: 19146: 19143: 19141: 19138: 19137: 19136: 19133: 19129: 19126: 19125: 19124: 19121: 19116: 19115: 19113: 19109: 19106: 19105: 19104: 19101: 19096: 19093: 19090: 19089: 19087: 19086: 19084: 19082: 19078: 19075: 19072: 19067: 19063: 19053: 19052:Waqifite Shia 19050: 19045: 19044: 19043: 19040: 19036: 19032: 19029: 19028: 19027: 19024: 19020: 19016: 19013: 19012: 19011: 19008: 19006: 19003: 19002: 19000: 18998: 18993: 18985: 18982: 18978: 18977:Ishaq al-Turk 18975: 18971: 18968: 18964: 18961: 18959: 18956: 18955: 18954: 18951: 18950: 18949: 18946: 18942: 18939: 18938: 18937: 18934: 18933: 18931: 18930: 18929: 18926: 18919: 18918: 18916: 18911: 18906: 18904: 18901: 18900: 18898: 18895: 18894: 18892: 18891: 18890: 18886: 18883: 18879: 18876: 18875: 18874: 18871: 18870: 18868: 18866: 18860: 18852: 18848: 18845: 18843: 18839: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18826: 18823: 18822: 18821: 18818: 18814: 18811: 18807: 18804: 18800: 18797: 18793: 18790: 18788: 18785: 18783: 18780: 18779: 18778: 18775: 18774: 18773: 18770: 18769: 18768: 18765: 18761: 18757: 18753: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18740: 18736: 18735:Hamdan Qarmat 18733: 18732: 18731: 18728: 18724: 18721: 18720: 18719: 18716: 18715: 18713: 18711: 18707: 18703: 18695: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18682: 18679: 18678: 18677: 18674: 18670: 18666: 18662: 18658: 18655: 18653: 18649: 18645: 18642: 18641: 18640: 18637: 18633: 18632:Safavid Islam 18629: 18625: 18621: 18617: 18616:Sheikh Haydar 18614: 18613: 18612: 18609: 18605: 18602: 18598: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18589: 18588: 18585: 18584: 18583: 18580: 18579: 18577: 18575: 18571: 18567: 18564: 18562: 18558: 18554: 18550: 18546: 18542: 18530: 18527: 18525: 18522: 18521: 18520: 18517: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18501: 18498: 18497: 18496: 18493: 18491: 18488: 18486: 18483: 18481: 18478: 18477: 18476: 18473: 18472: 18470: 18468: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18455: 18441: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18428: 18424: 18421: 18419: 18415: 18411: 18408: 18407: 18406: 18403: 18402: 18401: 18398: 18392: 18388: 18385: 18384: 18383: 18380: 18378: 18375: 18374: 18373: 18370: 18369: 18367: 18364: 18359: 18355: 18347: 18344: 18342: 18339: 18335: 18332: 18328: 18325: 18323: 18320: 18318: 18315: 18314: 18313: 18310: 18306: 18303: 18301: 18298: 18296: 18293: 18291: 18288: 18287: 18286: 18283: 18279: 18275: 18272: 18271: 18270: 18267: 18266: 18265: 18262: 18260: 18257: 18256: 18255: 18252: 18248: 18245: 18243: 18240: 18238: 18235: 18234: 18233: 18230: 18226: 18223: 18222: 18220: 18219: 18217: 18214: 18209: 18208:Ahl al-Hadith 18205: 18202: 18200: 18196: 18192: 18188: 18183: 18179: 18165: 18162: 18160: 18157: 18156: 18153: 18143: 18142: 18138: 18134: 18132: 18131: 18127: 18123: 18121: 18120: 18116: 18112: 18110: 18109: 18105: 18104: 18102: 18098: 18092: 18091: 18087: 18085: 18082: 18080: 18079: 18075: 18073: 18072: 18068: 18066: 18065: 18061: 18059: 18058: 18054: 18053: 18051: 18049: 18045: 18039: 18038: 18034: 18032: 18031: 18027: 18025: 18024: 18020: 18018: 18017: 18013: 18011: 18010: 18006: 18004: 18003: 17999: 17997: 17996: 17992: 17990: 17989: 17985: 17983: 17982: 17978: 17976: 17975: 17971: 17969: 17968: 17964: 17962: 17961: 17957: 17955: 17954: 17950: 17949: 17947: 17945: 17941: 17938: 17934: 17924: 17921: 17919: 17916: 17914: 17911: 17909: 17906: 17904: 17901: 17900: 17898: 17896: 17895:Zaydi Shi'ism 17892: 17886: 17883: 17881: 17878: 17876: 17873: 17871: 17868: 17864: 17861: 17860: 17859: 17856: 17854: 17851: 17849: 17846: 17844: 17841: 17839: 17836: 17834: 17831: 17830: 17828: 17826: 17822: 17814: 17811: 17810: 17809: 17806: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17759: 17756: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17737: 17734: 17732: 17729: 17727: 17726:Musa al-Kazim 17724: 17722: 17719: 17717: 17714: 17712: 17711:Ali al-Sajjad 17709: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17701:Hasan ibn Ali 17699: 17697: 17694: 17693: 17692: 17689: 17688: 17686: 17684: 17680: 17672:Post-Salafism 17671: 17670: 17669: 17666: 17662: 17659: 17658: 17657: 17654: 17650: 17647: 17646: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17633: 17630: 17629: 17628: 17625: 17623: 17620: 17618: 17615: 17611: 17608: 17607: 17606: 17603: 17599: 17596: 17595: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17576: 17574: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17552: 17549: 17548: 17547: 17544: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17536:Ibn Taymiyyah 17534: 17533: 17531: 17529: 17525: 17517:Mustadrakīyya 17516: 17513: 17510: 17507: 17506: 17504: 17503: 17501: 17499: 17495: 17488: 17486: 17483: 17481: 17478: 17476: 17475:Amr ibn Ubayd 17473: 17471: 17468: 17464: 17461: 17460: 17459: 17456: 17453: 17450: 17447: 17444: 17441: 17438: 17435: 17432: 17429: 17426: 17423: 17420: 17417: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17406: 17402: 17395: 17391: 17387: 17383: 17379: 17378: 17376: 17374: 17370: 17363: 17359: 17356: 17352: 17349: 17346: 17344: 17341: 17340: 17338: 17334: 17330: 17327: 17323: 17320: 17319: 17317: 17315: 17311: 17300: 17299: 17298: 17295: 17294: 17293: 17290: 17286: 17283: 17282: 17281: 17278: 17277: 17275: 17273: 17269: 17263: 17260: 17258: 17255: 17253: 17250: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17094: 17090: 17083: 17079: 17076: 17073: 17069: 17066: 17063: 17059: 17056: 17055: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17044: 17038: 17035: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17018: 17015: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16960: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16920: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16883: 16880: 16878: 16875: 16873: 16870: 16868: 16865: 16863: 16860: 16858: 16855: 16853: 16850: 16848: 16845: 16843: 16840: 16838: 16835: 16833: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16823: 16820: 16818: 16815: 16813: 16810: 16809: 16807: 16804: 16799: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16786: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16762: 16760: 16758: 16754: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16740: 16738: 16735: 16734: 16732: 16730: 16726: 16720: 16717: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16701: 16699: 16697: 16693: 16687: 16684: 16682: 16679: 16677: 16674: 16673: 16671: 16669: 16665: 16662: 16658: 16654: 16646: 16644: 16641: 16638: 16637: 16633: 16629: 16625: 16618: 16613: 16611: 16606: 16604: 16599: 16598: 16595: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16524: 16522: 16520: 16516: 16512: 16505: 16500: 16498: 16493: 16491: 16486: 16485: 16482: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16407: 16405: 16402: 16400: 16397: 16396: 16394: 16390: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16283:Jama'at Khana 16281: 16279: 16276: 16274: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16258:Datuk Keramat 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16245: 16243: 16239: 16233: 16232:Sufi whirling 16230: 16228: 16225: 16223: 16220: 16218: 16215: 16213: 16210: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16168: 16165: 16163: 16160: 16156: 16151: 16148: 16147: 16145: 16141: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16098: 16093: 16090: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16080: 16078: 16075: 16073: 16070: 16068: 16065: 16063: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16049: 16047: 16043: 16037: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16019: 16017: 16016:Antinomianism 16014: 16013: 16011: 16007: 16001: 15998: 15996: 15993: 15989: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15957: 15952: 15949: 15945: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15895: 15892: 15890: 15887: 15883: 15878: 15875: 15871: 15866: 15863: 15859: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15841: 15840: 15838: 15836: 15832: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15814: 15811: 15810: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15797: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15770: 15765: 15762: 15758: 15753: 15750: 15746: 15741: 15738: 15734: 15729: 15726: 15724: 15721: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15707: 15702: 15699: 15695: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15673: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15631: 15626: 15623: 15619: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15602: 15597: 15594: 15590: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15576: 15574: 15572: 15568: 15562: 15559: 15557: 15554: 15552: 15549: 15547: 15544: 15542: 15539: 15537: 15534: 15532: 15529: 15527: 15524: 15522: 15519: 15517: 15514: 15512: 15509: 15507: 15504: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15465: 15460: 15457: 15453: 15448: 15445: 15444: 15442: 15438: 15431: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15409: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15337: 15332: 15329: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15310: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15249:Ahl al-Khutwa 15247: 15245: 15242: 15241: 15239: 15235: 15230: 15223: 15218: 15216: 15211: 15209: 15204: 15203: 15200: 15190: 15186: 15180: 15169: 15166: 15163: 15160: 15157: 15154: 15151: 15148: 15145: 15142: 15139: 15136: 15133: 15130: 15127: 15124: 15121: 15118: 15115: 15112: 15109: 15106: 15103: 15100: 15099: 15097: 15093: 15086: 15083: 15080: 15077: 15074: 15071: 15068: 15065: 15064: 15062: 15058: 15051: 15048: 15045: 15042: 15039: 15036: 15033: 15030: 15027: 15024: 15021: 15018: 15015: 15012: 15009: 15006: 15003: 15002:Bishr al-Hafi 15000: 14997: 14994: 14993: 14991: 14989:3rd AH/9th AD 14987: 14980: 14977: 14974: 14971: 14968: 14965: 14962: 14959: 14956: 14953: 14950: 14947: 14944: 14943:Dawud al-Ta'i 14941: 14938: 14935: 14932: 14929: 14926: 14923: 14920: 14917: 14916: 14914: 14912:2nd AH/8th AD 14910: 14907: 14905: 14904:Notable Sufis 14901: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14856: 14854: 14852: 14848: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14783: 14781: 14777: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14717: 14715: 14711: 14706: 14694: 14689: 14688: 14684: 14680: 14675: 14674: 14670: 14666: 14661: 14660: 14656: 14652: 14647: 14646: 14642: 14638: 14633: 14632: 14628: 14623: 14622: 14618: 14614: 14609: 14608: 14604: 14600: 14595: 14594: 14590: 14586: 14581: 14580: 14576: 14572: 14567: 14566: 14562: 14558: 14553: 14552: 14548: 14544: 14539: 14538: 14537:Suhrawardiyya 14534: 14530: 14525: 14524: 14520: 14516: 14511: 14510: 14509:Naqshbandiyya 14506: 14502: 14497: 14496: 14492: 14491: 14489: 14487: 14483: 14479: 14472: 14467: 14465: 14460: 14458: 14453: 14452: 14449: 14435: 14429: 14425: 14424: 14418: 14414: 14409: 14405: 14399: 14395: 14391: 14388:(1964–2014). 14387: 14383: 14379: 14373: 14369: 14368: 14363: 14359: 14355: 14351: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14336: 14330: 14326: 14325: 14320: 14316: 14312: 14308: 14304: 14300: 14296: 14292: 14288: 14284: 14279: 14275: 14269: 14265: 14264: 14258: 14254: 14248: 14244: 14243: 14238: 14234: 14230: 14224: 14220: 14219: 14213: 14209: 14203: 14199: 14198: 14192: 14188: 14182: 14178: 14177: 14171: 14167: 14165:9781139828383 14161: 14157: 14152: 14148: 14142: 14138: 14133: 14129: 14123: 14119: 14118: 14113: 14109: 14105: 14099: 14095: 14094: 14089: 14085: 14081: 14077: 14072: 14071: 14050: 14046: 14040: 14026: 14022: 14018: 14017: 14012: 14005: 13989: 13985: 13981: 13975: 13968: 13962: 13947: 13946: 13941: 13934: 13926: 13922: 13918: 13912: 13908: 13901: 13887: 13883: 13879: 13875: 13869: 13861: 13854: 13847: 13842: 13834: 13833: 13826: 13810: 13806: 13799: 13785: 13781: 13775: 13768: 13764: 13757: 13751:, Diana Lobel 13750: 13745: 13730: 13724: 13720: 13719: 13711: 13696: 13690: 13686: 13685: 13677: 13669: 13663: 13659: 13658: 13650: 13635: 13629: 13625: 13624: 13616: 13601: 13595: 13591: 13590: 13582: 13567: 13561: 13557: 13556: 13548: 13533: 13527: 13523: 13522: 13514: 13498: 13497: 13489: 13474: 13468: 13464: 13463: 13455: 13448: 13443: 13436: 13432: 13428: 13422: 13415: 13410: 13403: 13398: 13390: 13386: 13382: 13378: 13374: 13370: 13363: 13347: 13343: 13336: 13317: 13313: 13306: 13299: 13283: 13279: 13275: 13269: 13253: 13249: 13248:The Economist 13245: 13239: 13223: 13219: 13212: 13196: 13192: 13188: 13182: 13175: 13169: 13161: 13155: 13152:. iUniverse. 13151: 13150: 13142: 13127: 13125:9780791415153 13121: 13117: 13116: 13108: 13093: 13089: 13087:9780804791281 13083: 13079: 13078: 13070: 13056: 13050: 13046: 13042: 13035: 13021: 13017: 13011: 13003: 12996: 12994: 12977: 12973: 12972: 12967: 12960: 12958: 12942:on 2013-05-30 12941: 12937: 12933: 12927: 12911: 12907: 12900: 12892: 12888: 12881: 12865: 12861: 12860: 12855: 12848: 12846: 12844: 12827: 12826: 12821: 12815: 12799: 12798: 12793: 12787: 12772: 12768: 12767: 12762: 12755: 12747: 12745:9781472569455 12741: 12737: 12733: 12732: 12727: 12726:Oliver Leaman 12721: 12713: 12711:9781405178440 12707: 12703: 12699: 12698: 12693: 12692:Andrew Rippin 12687: 12679: 12675: 12671: 12667: 12661: 12653: 12651:9781137561558 12647: 12643: 12639: 12635: 12631: 12630: 12622: 12614: 12612:9781134538959 12608: 12604: 12600: 12599: 12594: 12588: 12580: 12578:9780199359585 12574: 12570: 12566: 12565: 12560: 12554: 12546: 12544:9782745175960 12540: 12536: 12532: 12528: 12525:(in Arabic). 12524: 12523: 12518: 12512: 12505: 12501: 12499:9781935295914 12495: 12491: 12490: 12482: 12474: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12456: 12448: 12446:9789675062612 12442: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12429: 12424: 12418: 12411: 12409: 12408:Suhrawardiyya 12403: 12399: 12395: 12389: 12382: 12377: 12375:9789393701169 12371: 12367: 12363: 12359: 12358: 12350: 12342: 12340:9780415671101 12336: 12332: 12328: 12327: 12319: 12312: 12308: 12306:9781135029982 12302: 12298: 12294: 12293: 12288: 12282: 12274: 12272:9781135179601 12268: 12264: 12260: 12259: 12254: 12248: 12240: 12238:9780231531924 12234: 12230: 12226: 12222: 12221: 12216: 12210: 12202: 12200:9781135455965 12196: 12192: 12188: 12184: 12183: 12178: 12177:Josef W. Meri 12172: 12164: 12162:9780195328998 12158: 12154: 12150: 12149: 12144: 12138: 12130: 12128:9780755643387 12124: 12120: 12116: 12112: 12111: 12103: 12095: 12093:9789047432142 12089: 12085: 12081: 12080: 12072: 12064: 12060: 12058:9781786075260 12054: 12051:. p. 3. 12050: 12046: 12045: 12040: 12034: 12026: 12024:9781107018303 12020: 12016: 12012: 12011: 12006: 11999: 11991: 11987: 11983: 11979: 11975: 11974: 11966: 11958: 11954: 11948: 11940: 11936: 11930: 11921: 11914: 11908: 11901: 11896: 11888: 11884: 11883: 11875: 11867: 11863: 11859: 11857:0-203-59271-9 11853: 11849: 11848: 11840: 11832: 11828: 11824: 11820: 11813: 11811: 11802: 11801: 11794: 11786: 11780: 11776: 11775: 11767: 11765: 11755: 11746: 11737: 11728: 11719: 11710: 11701: 11693: 11687: 11683: 11676: 11668: 11662: 11658: 11651: 11643: 11641:9780195002454 11637: 11633: 11632: 11631:Mohammedanism 11624: 11616: 11614:9781136251603 11610: 11606: 11605: 11597: 11589: 11587:9781576073551 11583: 11579: 11578: 11570: 11555: 11551: 11545: 11530: 11526: 11520: 11505:. Shazuli.com 11504: 11498: 11490: 11478: 11464: 11463: 11456: 11448: 11444: 11441:. Ferozsons. 11440: 11433: 11426: 11422: 11418: 11412: 11397: 11393: 11387: 11380: 11374: 11367: 11361: 11354: 11348: 11340: 11328: 11320: 11318:9781107182011 11314: 11310: 11309: 11301: 11294: 11290: 11286: 11280: 11273: 11272:Schimmel 2013 11268: 11261: 11256: 11249: 11243: 11236: 11235:977-00-1830-9 11232: 11228: 11224: 11218: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11197: 11191: 11187: 11183: 11177: 11175: 11167: 11161: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11138: 11136: 11127: 11126: 11118: 11103: 11096: 11081: 11075: 11068: 11062: 11060: 11052: 11046: 11039: 11033: 11026: 11020: 11013: 11007: 11000: 10998: 10985: 10979: 10975: 10974: 10966: 10958: 10954: 10950: 10942: 10935: 10931: 10928:John Renard, 10925: 10917: 10913: 10907: 10893:on 2013-03-20 10892: 10888: 10882: 10874: 10872:9788124600429 10868: 10864: 10857: 10849: 10842: 10840: 10831: 10827: 10820: 10805: 10801: 10795: 10780: 10776: 10769: 10763:May 18, 2017. 10762: 10756: 10748: 10742: 10734: 10731:Abidin, Ibn. 10727: 10720: 10709: 10705: 10698: 10691: 10679: 10675: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10662: 10653: 10647: 10633:on 2012-12-21 10632: 10628: 10622: 10615: 10611: 10607: 10601: 10593: 10589: 10583: 10575: 10571: 10565: 10556: 10541:on 1997-05-29 10540: 10536: 10530: 10524: 10520: 10516: 10510: 10492: 10485: 10478: 10474: 10470: 10464: 10457: 10453: 10449: 10445: 10439: 10432: 10428: 10424: 10420: 10416: 10412: 10406: 10398: 10394: 10388: 10374: 10370: 10363: 10357: 10353: 10347: 10340: 10335: 10329: 10326: 10320: 10318: 10302: 10295: 10291: 10287: 10281: 10265: 10258: 10254: 10250: 10244: 10238:, p. 99. 10237: 10236:Schimmel 2013 10232: 10225: 10221: 10217: 10211: 10204: 10198: 10194: 10193: 10185: 10183: 10171: 10170: 10163: 10155: 10148: 10141: 10137: 10130: 10122: 10121: 10113: 10106: 10101: 10093: 10086: 10079: 10074: 10072: 10064: 10059: 10053: 10049: 10045: 10039: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10021:9781139056144 10017: 10013: 10006: 9999: 9993: 9986: 9982: 9978: 9972: 9964: 9958: 9954: 9953: 9945: 9937: 9931: 9927: 9922: 9921: 9915: 9914:Momen, Moojan 9909: 9907: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9877: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9857: 9849: 9843: 9839: 9838: 9830: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9800: 9793: 9788: 9781: 9776: 9769: 9764: 9758: 9757:9781134150618 9754: 9750: 9744: 9736: 9729: 9721: 9717: 9713: 9709: 9705: 9704:"ṢūfĪ Orders" 9698: 9696: 9694: 9686: 9680: 9664: 9658: 9642: 9636: 9629: 9625: 9621: 9615: 9608: 9604: 9600: 9594: 9587: 9581: 9574: 9568: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9531: 9523: 9517: 9509: 9505: 9499: 9493:, Jan. 5 2017 9492: 9486: 9479: 9473: 9466: 9460: 9458: 9450: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9429: 9415:on 2017-06-06 9414: 9410: 9406: 9404: 9396: 9394: 9386: 9380: 9378: 9370: 9364: 9356: 9350: 9346: 9345: 9337: 9331: 9327: 9323: 9317: 9310: 9309:9780300035315 9306: 9300: 9289: 9281: 9277: 9276: 9272: 9264: 9256: 9250: 9246: 9239: 9237: 9228: 9224: 9220: 9218:9781108582124 9214: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9195: 9193: 9183: 9175: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9155: 9140: 9139: 9132: 9124: 9118: 9111: 9106: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9098: 9096: 9094: 9085: 9079: 9075: 9074: 9066: 9059: 9054: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9033: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9012: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8988:Ibn Khallikan 8984: 8975: 8969: 8966:. Routledge. 8965: 8964: 8956: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8914: 8908: 8902: 8900: 8898: 8883: 8879: 8872: 8864: 8863: 8856: 8848: 8842: 8838: 8837: 8832: 8831:Nasr, Hossein 8826: 8819: 8818:Chittick 2007 8814: 8812: 8803: 8797: 8793: 8786: 8784: 8777: 8776:0-941532-68-2 8773: 8769: 8765: 8760: 8753: 8747: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8724: 8709: 8703: 8699: 8695: 8691: 8690: 8685: 8679: 8664: 8660: 8654: 8646: 8644:9781450554398 8640: 8636: 8635: 8627: 8613: 8609: 8603: 8595: 8588: 8580: 8578:9781930409231 8574: 8570: 8569: 8561: 8553: 8552: 8545: 8537: 8531: 8527: 8520: 8518: 8501: 8497: 8491: 8482: 8475: 8470: 8454: 8450: 8444: 8437: 8432: 8426: 8425:9789675062551 8422: 8418: 8414: 8408: 8406: 8399:, p. 22. 8398: 8397:Chittick 2007 8393: 8387: 8383: 8378: 8371: 8360: 8358:9781933316383 8354: 8350: 8349: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8326: 8320: 8313: 8307: 8300: 8294: 8286: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8249: 8242: 8236: 8234: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8184: 8176: 8174:90-04-14743-8 8170: 8166: 8162: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8137: 8130: 8124: 8115: 8108: 8106:9781135788438 8102: 8098: 8097: 8089: 8081: 8074: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8012: 8010: 8001: 7994: 7992: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7955: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7922: 7914: 7908: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7886: 7882: 7881: 7873: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7855:1-4175-0678-4 7851: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7835: 7827: 7816: 7812: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7792: 7786: 7782: 7781: 7776: 7770: 7768: 7753: 7749: 7743: 7735: 7729: 7721: 7717: 7713: 7707: 7704:. HarperOne. 7703: 7702: 7694: 7678: 7677: 7670: 7668: 7659: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7566:(1): 82–107. 7565: 7561: 7557: 7550: 7542: 7536: 7532: 7531: 7523: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7484: 7468: 7464: 7462:9780199340378 7458: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7411: 7405: 7401: 7381: 7375: 7369: 7363: 7359: 7346: 7342: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7322: 7312: 7310: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7296:Chishti Order 7293: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7266: 7265:Shams Tabrizi 7262: 7258: 7254: 7253:Coleman Barks 7249: 7242: 7238: 7233: 7219: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7186: 7182: 7181: 7175: 7173: 7169: 7168: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7138: 7134: 7133: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7110: 7103: 7101: 7095: 7093: 7092: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7063: 7052: 7049: 7041: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7017: 7016: 7011:This section 7009: 7000: 6999: 6991: 6989: 6988: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6966: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6931: 6929: 6925: 6920: 6918: 6912: 6902: 6900: 6897:.", and that 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6849: 6845: 6842: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6824: 6822: 6812: 6803: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6743:visitation to 6740: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6671:Sehwan Sharif 6668: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6653:covering the 6652: 6647: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6614: 6610: 6609: 6605: 6602: 6598: 6595: 6590: 6586: 6583: 6579: 6576: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6530: 6526: 6523: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6507: 6504: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6488: 6485: 6480: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6468: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6420: 6415: 6411: 6408: 6407:Islamic world 6404: 6400: 6397: 6392: 6388: 6385: 6381: 6378: 6373: 6369: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6334: 6330: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6280: 6275: 6271: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6205: 6203: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6168: 6163: 6161: 6156: 6154: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6130: 6126: 6116: 6114: 6106: 6102: 6093: 6092: 6091: 6090: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6070: 6069: 6066: 6065:Anqa' Mughrib 6063: 6059: 6056: 6052: 6047: 6044: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6033:Notable works 6030: 6029: 6021:(d. 871/1466) 6017: 6012: 6009: 6006:(d. 748/1347) 6004: 6001: 5998:(d. 676/1277) 5996: 5993: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5975: 5972: 5969:(d. 805/1405) 5967: 5964: 5961:(d. 756/1355) 5959: 5956: 5953:(d. 660/1262) 5951: 5948: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5930: 5927: 5922: 5919: 5916:(d. 930/1524) 5914: 5911: 5908:(d. 902/1497) 5906: 5903: 5900:(d. 885/1480) 5896: 5891: 5888: 5885:(d. 874/1470) 5881: 5876: 5873: 5870:(d. 852/1449) 5868: 5865: 5860: 5857: 5854:(d. 832/1429) 5852: 5849: 5846:(d. 826/1423) 5842: 5837: 5834: 5831:(d. 808/1405) 5829: 5826: 5823:(d. 793/1390) 5821: 5818: 5815:(d. 736/1336) 5813: 5810: 5807:(d. 728/1328) 5805: 5802: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5767: 5764: 5761:(d.1362/1943) 5759: 5756: 5753:(d.1356/1937) 5751: 5748: 5741: 5736: 5733: 5728: 5725: 5720: 5717: 5712: 5709: 5704: 5701: 5694: 5689: 5686: 5681: 5678: 5673: 5670: 5665: 5662: 5657: 5654: 5649: 5646: 5641: 5638: 5633: 5630: 5625: 5622: 5619:(d. 974/1567) 5617: 5614: 5611:(d. 982/1574) 5609: 5606: 5603:(d. 973/1565) 5601: 5598: 5595:(d. 940/1534) 5593: 5590: 5587:(d. 926/1520) 5585: 5582: 5579:(d. 911/1505) 5577: 5574: 5571:(d. 907/1501) 5569: 5566: 5563:(d. 898/1492) 5561: 5558: 5555:(d. 885/1480) 5551: 5546: 5543: 5540:(d. 816/1413) 5538: 5535: 5530: 5527: 5524:(d. 764/1363) 5522: 5519: 5516:(d. 733/1333) 5512: 5507: 5504: 5501:(d. 730/1329) 5499: 5496: 5493:(d. 685/1286) 5491: 5488: 5485:(d. 651/1253) 5481: 5476: 5473: 5470:(d. 632/1234) 5468: 5465: 5462:(d. 606/1209) 5460: 5457: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5441:(d. 676/1277) 5439: 5436: 5433:(d. 672/1273) 5431: 5428: 5425:(d. 650/1252) 5423: 5420: 5417:(d. 643/1245) 5415: 5412: 5409:(d. 643/1245) 5407: 5406:Ibn al-Najjar 5404: 5401:(d. 637/1239) 5399: 5396: 5393:(d. 637/1239) 5389: 5384: 5381: 5378:(d. 636/1239) 5374: 5369: 5366: 5363:(d. 632/1235) 5361: 5358: 5355:(d. 613/1216) 5353: 5349: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5333:(d. 672/1274) 5331: 5328: 5325:(d. 614/1217) 5321: 5316: 5313: 5310:(d. 600/1203) 5306: 5301: 5298: 5295:(d. 599/1202) 5291: 5286: 5285:Ibn Abi Jamra 5283: 5280:(d. 597/1201) 5278: 5275: 5272:(d. 595/1198) 5270: 5267: 5264:(d. 594/1197) 5262: 5259: 5256:(d. 581/1185) 5254: 5251: 5248:(d. 581/1185) 5244: 5239: 5236: 5233:(d. 578/1183) 5231: 5230:Ibn Bashkuwal 5228: 5225:(d. 576/1180) 5223: 5220: 5217:(d. 571/1176) 5215: 5212: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5195: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5174: 5168: 5163: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5082: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5043: 5041: 5040:Qutb-ul-Madar 5037: 5033: 5024: 5022: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4985: 4984:Ahmad al-Buni 4981: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4941: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4904:Chishti order 4900: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4879: 4878:Imam Shadhili 4875: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4780: 4774: 4770: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4700: 4698: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4667: 4663: 4661: 4656: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4635: 4625: 4624:List of Sufis 4621: 4611: 4609: 4608: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4581: 4580: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4560: 4558: 4557: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4527:(physiognomy) 4526: 4521: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4512:consciousness 4509: 4508: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4481: 4479: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4439:Robert Frager 4435: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4422:(heart), and 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4395: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4373: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4350: 4346: 4345: 4339: 4337: 4331: 4323: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4259: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4231:Muslim saints 4228: 4219: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4175:Likewise, in 4173: 4171: 4167: 4164:, India; and 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4098: 4093: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4027: 4026: 4016: 4012: 4007: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3990:Ahmad Ghazali 3988: 3984: 3980: 3975: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3914:. Sufi saint 3913: 3912: 3907: 3903: 3902: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3844:, as well as 3843: 3839: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3776:Mevlevi order 3773: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3745:Sufi whirling 3739:Sufi whirling 3735: 3733: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3688: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3652:Mevlevi order 3649: 3648:Sufi whirling 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3567: 3558: 3553: 3543: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3528: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3505: 3504: 3498: 3489: 3486: 3485:Fazlur Rahman 3482: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3459: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3423:Shamz Tabrizi 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3372: 3370: 3361: 3356: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3328: 3326: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3312:Amman Message 3308: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3272: 3271:jurisprudence 3268: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3234: 3229: 3228: 3223: 3215: 3214:Uttar Pradesh 3211: 3207: 3203: 3202:Salim Chishti 3198: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3168: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3121:Saadi Shirazi 3114: 3109: 3104: 3103: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3055:instruction. 3052: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3027:According to 3025: 3023: 3013: 3004: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2984:Last Judgment 2981: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2920:Sheikh Mansur 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2832:Suhrawardiyya 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2796:Chishti Order 2793: 2789: 2788:Mevlevi Order 2785: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2726:jurisprudence 2722: 2718: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2699:Mevlevi Order 2695: 2691: 2689: 2678: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2409:Suhrawardiyya 2406: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2303:ibn Taymiyyah 2300: 2296: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2263: 2259: 2252: 2247: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2223:Suhrawardiyya 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2068: 2062: 2057: 2056: 2049: 2048: 2041: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2024: 2023: 2016: 2015: 2007: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1980: 1979: 1972: 1971: 1963: 1959: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1796: 1794: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1778: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1682: 1680: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1649: 1643: 1641: 1629: 1627: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1566: 1555: 1553: 1552:Islamic world 1549: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1451: 1450: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1434: 1427: 1426: 1419: 1418: 1411: 1389: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1352: 1343: 1338: 1332: 1323: 1319: 1308: 1303: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1118:Proselytizing 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1026:Denominations 1024: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 976: 973: 969: 964: 963: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 932: 929: 928: 924: 922: 921: 917: 915: 914: 910: 909: 906: 903: 901: 898: 897: 894: 889: 888: 881: 879: 875: 873: 871: 867: 866: 862: 859: 857: 855: 851: 849: 847: 843: 841: 839: 835: 834: 830: 829: 824: 823: 818: 817: 813: 811: 810: 806: 805: 799: 796: 794: 791: 790: 786: 785: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 764: 761: 758: 756: 753: 752: 749: 744: 743: 736: 733: 732: 729: 726: 724: 721: 720: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 705: 701: 698: 697: 694: 689: 688: 684: 680: 679: 676: 673: 672: 668: 664: 663: 653: 648: 646: 641: 639: 634: 633: 631: 630: 627: 617: 616: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 560: 554: 553: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 535:Notable early 533: 532: 529:List of sufis 526: 525: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 334: 331: 326: 325: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 273: 272: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 103: 98: 96: 93: 92: 86: 85: 80: 72: 68: 67: 63: 56: 52: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 26013:Turkmenistan 25973:Saudi Arabia 25718:South Africa 25708:Sierra Leone 25513:Burkina Faso 25422:Names of God 25369:Unaffiliated 25324:Antireligion 25185:Universalism 25133:Assimilation 24998:Anthropology 24873:Supernatural 24868:Spirituality 24836:Sacred space 24824:Purification 24697:Denomination 24651: / 24459:Paleo-Balkan 24425:Mesopotamian 24265:Cook Islands 24236:Old Prussian 24149:UFO religion 24088: 24084:Zalmoxianism 24012:Neoshamanism 23869:Spiritualism 23752:Other ethnic 23641: 23467:Traditional 23427:Bongthingism 23315:Acoma Pueblo 23258:Mesoamerican 22977:Austronesian 22798: 22794:Neo-Buddhism 22726: 22722:Neo-Hinduism 22643:Swaminarayan 22481: 22430:Salvationist 22415:Confucianism 22266:Samaritanism 22236:Ali-Illahism 22217: 22170: 22084: 22078:Unitarianism 22019:Old Catholic 21826:Nestorianism 21784:Christianity 21771: 21737:Conservative 21528:Islamophobia 21403:Christianity 21351: 21284:Contemporary 21178:Architecture 21117: 21083: 21071: 21059: 21017: 21010: 20976: 20958: 20953:Nikah mut'ah 20951: 20944: 20937: 20930: 20923: 20916: 20880: 20868: 20861: 20854: 20847: 20827: 20820: 20813: 20806: 20719: 20544: 20500: 20424: 20406: 20399: 20343: 20336: 20329: 20322: 20315: 20308:Five Pillars 20285: 20251: 20240:God in Islam 20217: 20064:Other orders 19969: / 19962:Nur movement 19933: / 19890:Mirza Ghulam 19821:Tolu-e-Islam 19690:Galibi Order 19688: / 19668:Balım Sultan 19663:Babai revolt 19654:Qalandariyya 19652: / 19554:Mufaḍḍaliyya 19463:Jawārībīyya 19416:Umar ibn Zar 19385:Other Murjīs 19114:Bayhasīyyah 19031:Nuqta-yi Ula 18847:Pir Sadardin 18840: / 18754: / 18750: / 18667: / 18659: / 18646: / 18626: / 18622: / 18618: / 18475:Zayd ibn Ali 18425: / 18412: / 18363:Ilm al-Kalam 18276: / 18269:Ahl-i Hadith 18137:Umm al-kitab 18135: 18124: 18113: 18106: 18088: 18083: 18076: 18069: 18062: 18055: 18035: 18028: 18023:Fihi Ma Fihi 18021: 18014: 18007: 18000: 17993: 17986: 17979: 17972: 17965: 17958: 17951: 17691:Twelve Imams 17610:Ahl-i Hadith 17541:Ibnul Qayyim 17421:(Nazzāmīyya) 16902:Ibn al-Jawzi 16842:Al-Taftazani 16817:Al-Baqillani 16756: 16511:Sufism books 16510: 16162:Madih nabawi 15228: 15170:(d. 1354 AH) 15164:(d. 1350 AH) 15152:(d. 1300 AH) 15146:(d. 1287 AH) 15140:(d. 1278 AH) 15134:(d. 1277 AH) 15128:(d. 1118 AH) 15095:Sufi leaders 14831:Sufi studies 14685: 14671: 14659:Ba 'Alawiyya 14657: 14643: 14629: 14619: 14605: 14591: 14577: 14563: 14549: 14535: 14521: 14507: 14493: 14477: 14422: 14412: 14389: 14386:Shah, Idries 14366: 14354:the original 14347: 14323: 14286: 14282: 14262: 14241: 14237:Guénon, René 14217: 14196: 14179:. ABC-Clio. 14175: 14155: 14136: 14116: 14092: 14079: 14075: 14053:. Retrieved 14048: 14039: 14028:. Retrieved 14014: 14004: 13992:. Retrieved 13983: 13974: 13961: 13949:. Retrieved 13943: 13933: 13906: 13900: 13889:. Retrieved 13878:The Guardian 13877: 13868: 13853: 13841: 13831: 13825: 13813:. Retrieved 13808: 13798: 13787:. Retrieved 13783: 13774: 13766: 13762: 13756: 13748: 13744: 13732:. Retrieved 13717: 13710: 13698:. Retrieved 13683: 13676: 13656: 13649: 13637:. Retrieved 13622: 13615: 13603:. Retrieved 13588: 13581: 13569:. Retrieved 13554: 13547: 13535:. Retrieved 13520: 13513: 13501:. Retrieved 13495: 13488: 13476:. Retrieved 13461: 13454: 13446: 13442: 13426: 13421: 13409: 13397: 13372: 13368: 13362: 13350:. Retrieved 13335: 13323:. Retrieved 13311: 13298: 13286:. Retrieved 13277: 13268: 13256:. Retrieved 13247: 13238: 13226:. Retrieved 13211: 13199:. Retrieved 13181: 13173: 13168: 13148: 13141: 13129:. Retrieved 13114: 13107: 13096:. Retrieved 13076: 13069: 13058:, retrieved 13044: 13034: 13023:. Retrieved 13019: 13010: 13001: 12982:15 September 12980:. Retrieved 12969: 12944:. Retrieved 12940:the original 12926: 12914:. Retrieved 12909: 12904:Mir, Tariq. 12899: 12891:The Guardian 12890: 12880: 12870:15 September 12868:. Retrieved 12857: 12832:13 September 12830:. Retrieved 12823: 12814: 12804:13 September 12802:. Retrieved 12795: 12786: 12776:13 September 12774:. Retrieved 12764: 12754: 12730: 12720: 12696: 12686: 12678:the original 12669: 12660: 12628: 12621: 12597: 12587: 12563: 12553: 12521: 12511: 12503: 12488: 12481: 12473:the original 12464: 12455: 12427: 12417: 12405: 12402:the original 12397: 12388: 12379: 12356: 12349: 12325: 12318: 12310: 12291: 12287:A.J. 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23623:Waaqeffanna 23563:Fon and Ewe 23501:Sub-Saharan 23384:Satsana Phi 23170:Ghost Dance 23123:Californian 23101:Anishinaabe 23027:Karo Pemena 23006:Indonesian 22680:Lingayatism 22628:Mahanubhava 22598:Vaishnavism 22529:Jeungsanism 22452:Folk Taoism 22435:Xiantiandao 22289:Zoroastrian 21948:Charismatic 21943:Pentecostal 21906:Anglicanism 21857:Waldensians 21792:Catholicism 21303:Other areas 21294:Theological 21289:Eschatology 21246:Mathematics 21183:Calligraphy 21113:Theological 21067:Inheritance 20984:Cleanliness 20414:Shi'a Imams 20408:Ahl al-Bayt 20015:Rashid Rida 19863:Independent 19848:Edip Yüksel 19811:Ahle Qur'an 19762:Nazzāmīyya 19759:Ikhshīdiyya 19746:Huzaylīyya 19737:Bahshamiyya 19713:Mā’marīyya 19705:Rationalism 19650:Malamatiyya 19570:Mānsūrīyya 19516:Khaṭṭābiyya 19447:Mu'shabbiha 19407:Sābit Kutna 19340:Sawbānīyya 19324:Gassānīyya 19308:Gaylānīyya 19302:Other sects 19097:Sa'labīyyah 19094:Maymunīyyah 19071:Arbitration 18953:Khurramites 18917:Sam‘ānīyya 18690:Bābā Rexheb 18620:Shah Ismail 18440:Millî Görüş 18358:Ahl ar-Ra'y 18300:Al-Uthaymin 18221:Kullabiyya 18199:Sunni Islam 18100:Independent 17944:Sunni books 17768:Shaykh Tusi 17741:Ali al-Hadi 17731:Ali al-Rida 17668:Yasir Qadhi 17573:Al-Uthaymin 17563:Rashid Rida 17558:Al-Shawkani 17454:(Jāhizīyya) 17439:(Jubbāīyya) 17343:Jawālikīyya 17197:Ali al-Qari 17112:Al-Sarakhsi 17098:Al-Maturidi 16972:Al-Sha'rani 16952:Ibn Khaldun 16827:Al-Qushayri 16789:Theologians 16770:Metaphysics 16676:Eschatology 16643:Theologians 16278:Jama masjid 16222:Sufi poetry 16153: [ 16114:Sufi orders 16095: [ 16009:Misconducts 15986: [ 15954: [ 15942: [ 15880: [ 15868: [ 15856: [ 15794: [ 15767: [ 15755: [ 15743: [ 15731: [ 15704: [ 15692: [ 15670: [ 15628: [ 15616: [ 15599: [ 15587: [ 15462: [ 15450: [ 15406: [ 15393:Sufis ranks 15334: [ 15307: [ 15259:Bash Hezzab 15231:terminology 15144:Imam Shamil 15122:(d. 886 AH) 15116:(d. 642 AH) 15110:(d. 630 AH) 15104:(d. 589 AH) 15087:(d. 380 AH) 15081:(d. 386 AH) 15075:(d. 334 AH) 15069:(d. 303 AH) 15052:(d. 295 AH) 15040:(d. 283 AH) 15028:(d. 258 AH) 15022:(d. 253 AH) 15016:(d. 245 AH) 15010:(d. 243 AH) 15004:(d. 227 AH) 14981:(d. 200 AH) 14975:(d. 194 AH) 14969:(d. 188 AH) 14963:(d. 181 AH) 14957:(d. 180 AH) 14951:(d. 177 AH) 14945:(d. 165 AH) 14939:(d. 161 AH) 14933:(d. 160 AH) 14927:(d. 128 AH) 14921:(d. 110 AH) 14836:Sufi poetry 14651:Bayram Wali 14621:Khalwatiyya 14593:Shadhiliyya 14486:Sufi orders 13503:27 December 12946:24 February 12916:20 February 12115:I.B. Tauris 11825:: 384–402. 11684:. OUP USA. 11421:Hasan Basri 11417:Rabia Basri 11415:Meeting of 11049:B. Radtke, 10678:TheSunniWay 10373:Symbol Sage 10105:Gamard 2004 10094:, p. 4 9058:Glassé 2008 7429:Cook, David 7321:Islamic art 7214:during the 7196:brotherhood 6887:Idries Shah 6751:Sufi saints 6725:puritanical 6691:persecution 6669:located in 6592: [ 6539: [ 6520: [ 6510:al-Qushayri 6501: [ 6482: [ 6417: [ 6394: [ 6375: [ 6345:al-Qushayri 6300: [ 6277: [ 6049: [ 6014: [ 5974:Al-Shawkani 5893: [ 5878: [ 5839: [ 5828:Ibn Khaldun 5766:Al-Kawthari 5738: [ 5719:Ibn 'Abidin 5691: [ 5640:Mulla Sadra 5600:Al-Sha'rani 5548: [ 5509: [ 5478: [ 5386: [ 5371: [ 5318: [ 5303: [ 5288: [ 5241: [ 5214:Ibn 'Asakir 5192: [ 5165: [ 5152: [ 4864:dhikr jahri 4860:Shadhiliyya 4539:inspiration 4470:(unveiling) 4134:Ali Hujwari 3473:Linxia City 2944:René Guénon 2940:Ivan Aguéli 2924:Imam Shamil 2916:West Africa 2865:Janissaries 2828:Shadhiliyya 2505:Idries Shah 2353:Sirri Saqti 2285:and modern 2191:Nimatullahi 1952:Sufi orders 1817:Ali Hujwiri 1726:Abu Hurayra 1662:Ibn Khaldun 1658:Al-Qushayri 1558:Definitions 1506:Sunni Islam 1494:Islamic law 1396: 1760 1357:al-Taṣawwuf 1250:Laws of war 913:Ahl al-Bayt 798:Foundations 603:Persecution 330:Sufi orders 239:Sufi poetry 26657:Categories 26454:Micronesia 26331:Costa Rica 26226:San Marino 26186:Montenegro 26166:Luxembourg 26023:Uzbekistan 25998:Tajikistan 25903:Kyrgyzstan 25876:Kazakhstan 25826:East Timor 25796:Bangladesh 25786:Azerbaijan 25703:Seychelles 25668:Mozambique 25653:Mauritania 25638:Madagascar 25528:Cape Verde 25310:irreligion 25305:Secularism 25212:Minorities 25180:Toleration 25175:Syncretism 25160:Fanaticism 25150:Disability 25138:Missionary 25128:Conversion 25116:Ordination 25038:Psychology 25033:Philosophy 24973:Polytheism 24953:Monotheism 24948:Henotheism 24789:Orthopraxy 24779:Ordination 24742:Meditation 24737:Indigenous 24702:Entheogens 24687:Conversion 24513:Pueblo III 24430:Babylonian 24420:Melanesian 24346:Gnosticism 24231:Lithuanian 24124:Fourth Way 23978:Circassian 23956:Dievturība 23879:Tensegrity 23812:Falun Gong 23457:Sanamahism 23437:Donyi-Polo 23049:Polynesian 22995:Kaharingan 22920:Burkhanism 22859:Ravidassia 22837:Śvetāmbara 22623:Pushtimarg 22603:Krishnaism 22539:Vietnamese 22524:Cheondoism 22457:Yao Taoism 22393:East Asian 22159:Isma'ilism 22115:Maturidism 21894:Mennonites 21889:Hutterites 21874:Anabaptism 21767:Humanistic 21458:Ex-Muslims 21353:Shu'ubiyya 21347:Psychology 21335:Literature 21325:Inventions 21271:Philosophy 21079:Leadership 21055:Honorifics 20710:Philosophy 20565:Isma'ilism 20530:Maturidism 20419:Caliphates 20390:Golden Age 20281:Revelation 20059:Süleymancı 19967:Said Nursî 19926:Mahdavīyya 19877:Messianism 19781:Sumamīyya 19771:Hābītīyya 19659:Baba Ishak 19601:Saba'īyya 19588:Mukhāmmīsa 19579:Mughīrīyya 19566:Ghurābīyya 19528:Bāzīghiyya 19496:Bārāq Bābā 19475:Hulmānīyya 19372:Ziyādīyya 19364:Ubaydīyya 19356:Shamrīyya 19348:Sālehīyya 19332:Tūmanīyya 19316:Yūnusīyya 19277:Sauwāqīyya 19253:Hakāiqīyya 19237:Karrāmīyya 19227:Hanafiyyah 19081:Kharijites 19019:Nuktawiyya 18970:al-Muqanna 18948:Muḥammirah 18936:Abu Muslim 18932:Rezāmīyya 18907:Hārithīyya 18899:Janāhiyya 18889:Hashimiyya 18863:Kaysanites 18810:Badakhshan 18743:Qarmatians 18730:Batiniyyah 18710:Isma'ilism 18681:Demir Bābā 18676:Baktāshism 18669:Bektashism 18648:ibn Nusayr 18644:al-Khaṣībī 18628:Kul Nesîmî 18624:Pir Sultan 18529:Khalafiyya 18524:Dukayniyya 18458:Shia Islam 18400:Maturidism 18322:Madkhalism 18225:Ibn Kullab 18048:Shia books 17598:Madkhalism 17498:Najjārīyya 17388:al-Qībtī ( 17362:Karramiyya 17358:Ibn Karram 17314:Mu'jassimā 17202:Al-Maydani 17192:Ali Qushji 17117:Al-Bazdawi 17093:Maturidism 17078:Al-Shafi'i 16947:Al-Baydawi 16907:Qadi Ayyad 16882:Ibn Tumart 16837:Al-Ghazali 16822:Al-Juwayni 16812:Al-Bayhaqi 16803:al-Ash'ari 16775:Philosophy 16696:Philosophy 16444:Prayer rug 16207:Sufi music 16067:Hizb Rateb 16045:Ceremonies 15813:Zarruqiyya 15521:Ismul Azam 14645:Bayramiyya 14631:Rahmaniyya 14523:Chishtiyya 14055:2020-01-15 14049:mstv.co.in 14030:2020-01-15 13891:2017-05-05 13789:2021-04-18 13131:17 January 13098:2019-01-02 13060:2022-04-30 13025:2022-04-30 12398:anqa.co.uk 12381:regularly. 12113:. London: 11990:B005JNAG7A 11560:2021-04-18 11468:2021-04-18 11396:Qalandaria 11108:2020-12-30 11086:2020-12-30 10916:ejtaal.net 10897:2018-10-09 10830:Darul Ifta 10637:2009-03-26 10588:"Muraqaba" 10500:2020-02-08 10397:sunnah.com 10378:2022-12-03 10078:Ernst 2010 10063:Ernst 2010 9768:Babou 2007 9714:. Oxford: 9419:2017-06-04 9145:2021-06-12 9046:1403960275 9019:, pg. 58. 8888:2024-02-16 8696:. p. 8617:2017-05-12 8415:, pg. 56. 8364:2017-06-24 7899:1091678717 7883:. London. 7820:2018-06-26 7757:2023-09-19 7349:References 7341:in Islam. 7315:Visual art 7257:Elif Şafak 7227:Literature 7212:Kabbalists 7147:Maimonides 7118:Al-Kusajri 7060:See also: 7022:improve it 6909:See also: 6891:Suhrawardi 6635:See also: 6357:al-Ghazali 6313:al-Ghazali 6248:asceticism 6217:Ana-l-Haqq 6178:Ibn 'Arabi 6003:Al-Dhahabi 5944:Ex-critics 5498:Al-Qashani 5490:Al-Baydawi 5352:al-'Adil I 5261:Abu Madyan 5096:Ibn 'Arabi 5063:pilgrimage 5021:al-Ghazali 5016:Al-Ghazālī 4938:Sulh-e-Kul 4922:Baba Farid 4747:Burhaniyya 4645:dictionary 4618:See also: 4489:At-Tajalli 4484:At-Tahlili 4360:Said Nursi 4273:, also in 4166:Shah Jalal 4148:Pakistan; 4118:Afāq Khoja 4086:Visitation 4074:(d. 801), 4066:(d. 729), 4062:(d. 728), 3768:meditation 3723:meditation 3681:is called 3660:meditation 3628:recitation 3481:neo-Sufism 3453:Neo-Sufism 3349:Tajikistan 3185:role model 3138:Ilahi-nama 3045:Shi'i Imam 3022:Divine Law 2804:Naqshbandi 2746:Grand Imam 2681:Modern era 2631:cliff, in 2607:South Asia 2577:tribes of 2483:order was 2481:Shadiliyya 2473:Chishtiyya 2463:order was 2441:Shadiliyya 2433:Chishtiyya 2279:pure Islam 2227:Tijaniyyah 2203:Rahmaniyya 2187:Naqshbandi 2159:Burhaniyya 2140:Twelverism 2132:Isma'ilism 2123:(singular 2088:Naqshbandi 2073:attributes 1838:Historian 1618:Nile Green 1614:monotheism 1533:modern era 1510:Shia Islam 1382:asceticism 1337:al-Ṣūfiyya 1103:Philosophy 840:(exegesis) 777:Pilgrimage 767:Almsgiving 598:Sufi music 367:Suhrawardi 357:Naqshbandi 18:Sufi Islam 26572:Venezuela 26517:Argentina 26434:Australia 26386:Nicaragua 26361:Guatemala 26161:Lithuania 25983:Sri Lanka 25978:Singapore 25958:Palestine 25846:Indonesia 25836:Hong Kong 25658:Mauritius 25379:Overviews 25334:Criticism 25282:Terrorism 25257:Theocracy 25202:Happiness 25170:Pluralism 25155:Education 25081:Religion 25053:Salvation 25043:Sociology 24988:Religious 24968:Pantheism 24958:Nontheism 24851:Mountains 24829:Sacrifice 24784:Orthodoxy 24774:Mythology 24769:Mysticism 24658:Behaviour 24567:Canaanite 24550:Mithraism 24518:Pueblo IV 24508:Pueblo II 24413:Mazdakism 24388:Hungarian 24361:Mysteries 24270:Dravidian 24052:Hungarian 23968:Caucasian 23939:Godianism 23899:Agni Yoga 23889:Theosophy 23852:Rastafari 23827:Modekngei 23807:Brahmoism 23800:Syncretic 23792:movements 23790:religious 23702:Quimbanda 23650:Candomblé 23643:Diasporic 23422:Bathouism 23412:Benzhuism 23332:Tsimshian 23278:Purépecha 23199:Longhouse 23174:Sun Dance 23118:Blackfoot 23032:Malaysian 23022:Kapitayan 22832:Digambara 22817:Ayyavazhi 22782:Vajrayana 22747:Theravada 22660:Ganapatya 22633:Ramanandi 22562:Hoahaoism 22440:Yiguandao 22335:Yarsanism 22330:Shabakism 22317:Yazdânism 22307:Zurvanism 22302:Mazdaznan 22261:Rastafari 22256:Mandaeism 22130:Wahhabism 22110:Ash'arism 22073:Tolstoyan 22063:Spiritual 22053:Mormonism 22024:Judaizers 21997:Quakerism 21975:Methodist 21965:Irvingism 21916:Calvinism 21869:Adventism 21852:Moravians 21689:Abrahamic 21575:Symbolism 21533:Incidents 21511:Criticism 21408:Mormonism 21310:Astrology 21236:Cosmology 21231:Astronomy 21173:Arabesque 21040:Etiquette 20999:Blasphemy 20789:Economics 20604:Ahmadiyya 20538:Mu'tazili 20526:Ash'arism 19987:Modernism 19919:Sabbatean 19907:Kabbalist 19885:Ahmadiyya 19816:Kala Kato 19789:Kā‘bīyya 19720:Bishriyya 19700:Muʿtazila 19628:al-Juhani 19621:Qadariyah 19491:Kalandars 19471:Hāshwīyya 19359:Abū Shamr 19292:Zarībīyya 19289:Wāhidīyya 19280:Sūramīyya 19274:Razīnīyya 19250:Dhīmmīyya 19219:Hasan ibn 19193:Wahbiyyah 19140:Abu Qurra 19066:Muhakkima 19010:Hurufiyya 18997:Mahdiists 18912:Riyāhīyya 18893:Hārbīyya 18834:Aga Khans 18829:Assassins 18792:Sulaymani 18756:ad-Darazi 18694:Hārābātīs 18611:Qizilbash 18604:Shaykhism 18480:Jarudiyya 18391:Al-Ahbash 18372:Ash'arism 18305:Al-Albani 18285:Wahhabism 18130:Ahmadiyya 18071:Al-Khisal 17981:Al-Irshad 17936:Key books 17583:Al-Albani 17551:Wahhabism 17405:Mu'tazila 17394:Qadariyah 17272:Mu'attila 17187:Ibn Kemal 17182:Khidr Bey 17062:Hanafiyah 16997:Al-Bahūtī 16992:Ibn Ashir 16957:Ibn Arafa 16852:Ibn Furak 16847:Al-Maziri 16798:Ash'arism 16765:Cosmology 16742:Cosmology 16737:Astronomy 16709:Education 16454:Tagelmust 16449:Qashabiya 16424:Jellabiya 16328:Mausoleum 16021:Rahbaniya 15835:Waridates 15652:Muraqabah 15647:Muhasabah 15331:Mutahaqiq 15126:Aurangzeb 14996:Al-Darani 14745:Muraqabah 14713:Practices 14687:Idrisiyya 14673:Tijaniyya 14613:Ibn Arabi 14607:Akbariyya 14579:Desuqiyya 14565:Badawiyya 14551:Rifa'iyya 14495:Qadiriyya 14390:The Sufis 14082:(1): 184. 14025:0362-4331 13951:April 29, 13886:0261-3077 13862:. SFGate. 13846:Shah 1970 13815:26 August 13734:7 January 13700:7 January 13639:7 January 13605:7 January 13571:7 January 13537:7 January 13478:7 January 13402:Shah 1970 12603:Routledge 12331:Routledge 12297:Routledge 12263:Routledge 12191:Routledge 11957:Arab News 11509:13 August 11487:ignored ( 11447:977150850 11337:ignored ( 11327:cite book 10545:26 August 10444:certainty 10030:742957142 9819:26 August 9311:|4/8/2015 9227:211657444 9123:"Barelvi" 8947:166309522 8939:0887-7653 8506:13 August 8459:13 August 8336:Compare: 8224:1874-6691 7954:2690-3741 7907:cite book 7728:cite book 7720:191932004 7580:0585-5292 7506:0578-8072 7473:4 January 7396:Citations 7259:'s novel 7122:Al-Harawi 7038:July 2017 7026:verifying 6924:Al-Biruni 6837:Nasreddin 6739:Wahhabism 6620:Reception 6430:aphorisms 6202:ʿubudiyya 5995:Al-Nawawi 5576:Al-Suyuti 5521:Al-Safadi 5330:Ibn Malik 5077:Ibn Arabi 5036:Madariyya 5006:Aïn Madhi 4999:Tijaniyya 4767:Desuqiyya 4753:, son of 4745:order or 4743:Desuqiyya 4682:Jerusalem 4406:(both an 4336:theophany 4311:madrassas 4220:, pl. of 4156:, India; 4124:, China; 4068:Dawud Tai 4021:, plural 3947:harmonium 3838:Qadiriyya 3772:Dervishes 3707:Murāqabah 3479:The term 3469:Ma Laichi 3305:tahaqqaqa 3301:tafassaqa 3297:tazandaqa 3281:Qadi Iyad 3177:Ibn Arabi 3155:Al-Busiri 3126:Ibn Arabi 3072:mysticism 3007:Teachings 2816:Qadiriyya 2808:Mujaddidi 2461:Qadiriyya 2425:Rifa'iyya 2417:Qadiriyya 2195:Qadiriyya 2183:Muridiyya 2175:Madariyya 2171:Kubrawiya 2151:Badawiyya 2136:Safaviyya 1879:Dawud Tai 1632:Etymology 1626:mysticism 1548:Wahhabism 1542:(such as 1378:ritualism 1351:romanized 1331:romanized 1223:terrorism 1175:Criticism 1128:Sexuality 1098:Mysticism 1068:Festivals 1048:Education 1043:Economics 979:Academics 935:Caliphate 748:Practices 502:Issawiyya 477:Qalandari 442:Salihiyya 337:Ba 'Alawi 297:Muraqabah 276:Practices 26635:Religion 26598:Category 26562:Suriname 26552:Paraguay 26537:Colombia 26444:Kiribati 26371:Honduras 26341:Dominica 26316:Barbados 26281:Scotland 26241:Slovenia 26236:Slovakia 26211:Portugal 26081:Bulgaria 26003:Thailand 25953:Pakistan 25933:Mongolia 25928:Maldives 25923:Malaysia 25811:Cambodia 25758:Zimbabwe 25733:Tanzania 25583:Ethiopia 25578:Eswatini 25558:Djibouti 25523:Cameroon 25508:Botswana 25452:Timeline 25447:Scholars 25407:Founders 25272:Violence 25227:Politics 25097:Business 25060:Theology 24804:Prophecy 24794:Paganism 24682:Covenant 24649:Apostasy 24584:Scythian 24525:Rapa Nui 24479:Thracian 24474:Illyrian 24464:Albanian 24435:Sumerian 24378:Harappan 24314:Germanic 24309:Georgian 24302:Selk'nam 24287:Etruscan 24275:Egyptian 24253:Druidism 24216:Armenian 24139:Satanism 24119:Eckankar 24042:Estonian 24027:Romanian 24017:Ossetian 23997:Germanic 23946:Armenian 23935:African 23928:paganism 23857:Sant Mat 23847:Rajneesh 23822:Meivazhi 23817:Japanese 23774:Siberian 23707:Santería 23677:Convince 23543:Bushongo 23447:Kiratism 23374:Hmongism 23241:Wocekiye 23226:Jivaroan 23194:Iroquois 23189:Ho-Chunk 23150:Cherokee 23083:American 23054:Hawaiian 22967:Sarnaism 22937:Tungusic 22925:Tengrism 22915:Mongolic 22844:Sarnaism 22775:Nichiren 22752:Mahayana 22739:Buddhism 22717:Sant Mat 22707:Sauraism 22702:Smartism 22697:Shaktism 22690:Balinese 22675:Kaumaram 22670:Kapalika 22665:Kashmiri 22650:Shaivism 22590:Hinduism 22557:Caodaism 22501:Ryukyuan 22496:Tenrikyo 22491:Shugendō 22469:Japanese 22340:Yazidism 22325:Ishikism 22203:Quranism 22176:Khawarij 22125:Salafism 22120:Atharism 22009:Esoteric 21980:Holiness 21970:Lutheran 21931:Reformed 21911:Baptists 21884:Brethren 21848:Hussites 21836:Assyrian 21752:Haymanot 21706:Orthodox 21655:Religion 21613:Category 21506:Islamism 21489:Muhammad 21445:Apostasy 21420:Hinduism 21320:Feminism 21251:Medicine 21091:Military 21045:Gambling 20994:Apostasy 20989:Criminal 20901:Marriage 20870:Tayammum 20822:Murabaha 20695:Madrasas 20685:Holidays 20675:Clothing 20670:Children 20665:Calendar 20616:Quranism 20570:Alawites 20534:Atharism 20425:Rashidun 20264:In Islam 20259:Muhammad 20104:Tawakkul 20071:Tawassul 20033:Taṣawwuf 19955:doctrine 19803:Quranism 19592:Namiriya 19221:Muḥāmmad 19214:Murji'ah 18928:Rawendis 18851:Satpanth 18772:Musta'li 18767:Fatimids 18665:Hurufism 18652:Alawites 18557:Sects in 18549:Mahdiist 18485:Batriyya 18431:Deobandi 18382:Shafi'is 18317:Jihadism 18264:Salafism 18232:Hanbalis 18213:Atharism 18126:Malfūzāt 18064:Al-Amali 17661:Hazimism 17373:Murji'ah 17297:Jahmīyya 17285:Mu'jbira 16877:Ibn Aqil 16464:Tarboosh 16419:Gandoura 16414:Djellaba 16031:Taqabbur 15781:Tawassul 15776:Tawakkul 15440:Concepts 15358:Qalandar 15321:Muqarrab 15316:Muqaddam 15299:Marabout 14884:Al-Burda 14770:Tawakkul 14765:Tabarruk 14760:Tawassul 14755:Tazkiyah 14364:(1996). 14321:(2013). 14311:26296782 14303:27513026 14239:(2001). 14114:(1995). 14090:(2007). 13925:70825403 13437:page 141 13346:Archived 13316:Archived 13282:Archived 13252:Archived 13222:Archived 13195:Archived 13092:Archived 12976:Archived 12864:Archived 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3539:occasion 3339:Tomb of 3293:tasawwuf 3200:Tomb of 3094:Muhammad 3068:metaphor 3064:allegory 2980:Paradise 2928:Caucasus 2897:mystical 2730:theology 2707:Istanbul 2670:Istanbul 2599:Anatolia 2581:and the 2542:and the 2532:Jahangir 2337:Hanbalis 2329:tasawwuf 2318:tasawwuf 2295:Tasawwuf 2237:orders. 2235:Zahabiya 2219:Shadhili 2167:Khalwati 2155:Bektashi 2092:Abu Bakr 2030:khanqahs 1999:Muhammad 1833:Tasawwuf 1821:Tasawwuf 1696:tazkiyah 1691:tasawwuf 1602:tasawwuf 1598:Muhammad 1592:and the 1579:'Sufism' 1565:tasawwuf 1544:Salafism 1502:theology 1490:legalism 1443:Muhammad 1326:الصوفية‎ 1259:Glossary 1245:Jihadism 1218:Violence 1213:Islamism 1184:Muhammad 1170:Apostasy 1113:Politics 1063:Feminism 1058:Exorcism 1019:Diaspora 1004:Children 999:Calendar 927:Rashidun 905:Muhammad 900:Timeline 861:Mathnawi 723:Prophets 667:a series 665:Part of 462:Shattari 427:Malamati 377:Khalwati 362:Shadhili 342:Bektashi 312:Whirling 282:Anasheed 209:Qalandar 77:Tomb of 51:a series 49:Part of 26621:Portals 26567:Uruguay 26542:Ecuador 26522:Bolivia 26499:Vanuatu 26426:Oceania 26376:Jamaica 26356:Grenada 26311:Bahamas 26271:England 26261:Ukraine 26216:Romania 26176:Moldova 26136:Ireland 26131:Iceland 26126:Hungary 26116:Germany 26106:Finland 26101:Estonia 26096:Denmark 26091:Czechia 26086:Croatia 26071:Belgium 26066:Belarus 26061:Austria 26056:Andorra 26051:Albania 26028:Vietnam 25938:Myanmar 25913:Lebanon 25831:Georgia 25791:Bahrain 25781:Armenia 25743:Tunisia 25713:Somalia 25698:Senegal 25683:Nigeria 25673:Namibia 25663:Morocco 25628:Liberia 25623:Lesotho 25573:Eritrea 25543:Comoros 25518:Burundi 25493:Algeria 25437:Outline 25402:Deities 25329:Atheism 25247:Science 25165:Freedom 25023:History 24990:studies 24943:Dualism 24933:Animism 24898:Worship 24878:Symbols 24819:Liturgy 24732:Goddess 24692:Deities 24673:Laicism 24663:Beliefs 24642:Aspects 24614:Zapotec 24609:Vainakh 24577:Yahwism 24562:Semitic 24491:Iranian 24393:Hurrian 24383:Hittite 24373:Guanche 24366:Orphism 24297:Fuegian 24292:Finnish 24280:Atenism 24226:Latvian 24211:Arabian 24154:Raëlism 24134:Jediism 24129:Goddess 24102:De novo 23990:Druidry 23884:Thelema 23837:New Age 23722:Umbanda 23613:Tumbuka 23598:Odinala 23583:Lugbara 23503:African 23469:African 23417:Bimoism 23407:Burmese 23253:Mapuche 23219:Wyandot 23179:Guarani 23160:Choctaw 23155:Chilote 23096:Alaskan 23091:Abenaki 23042:Tagalog 23015:Kejawèn 22864:Sikhism 22827:Jainism 22787:Tibetan 22770:Amidism 22638:Warkari 22552:Đạo Mẫu 22402:Chinese 22384:Eastern 22361:Roshani 22280:Iranian 22188:Alevism 22181:Ibadism 22154:Zaydism 21831:Ancient 21802:Eastern 21762:Renewal 21747:Karaite 21728:Zionist 21716:Hasidic 21698:Judaism 21680:Western 21560:Nursing 21521:Qutbism 21435:Sikhism 21430:Judaism 21425:Jainism 21261:Physics 21208:Pottery 21193:Gardens 21188:Carpets 21103:Slavery 21025:Divorce 21012:Dhabiĥa 20840:Hygiene 20815:Takaful 20797:Banking 20727:Science 20721:Qurbani 20690:Mosques 20650:Animals 20639:Culture 20587:Zaydism 20575:Alevism 20461:Ottoman 20451:Almohad 20446:Fatimid 20441:Córdoba 20436:Abbasid 20431:Umayyad 20364:Leaders 20359:History 20317:Shahada 20232:Beliefs 20153:Shafi'i 20143:Hanbali 20109:Tewafuq 20089:Sadaqah 20050:Barelvi 20041:Ṭarīqah 19895:Qadiani 19868:beliefs 19638:Alevism 19485:Dimashq 19271:Nūnīyya 19265:Maʿīyya 19225:ibn al- 19200:Azzabas 19161:Ibadism 19149:Nukkari 19103:Azariqa 19088:Ajardi 19035:Bábīyya 18941:Sunpadh 18873:Mukhtār 18838:Nizaris 18813:Alevism 18787:Dawoodi 18777:Tayyibi 18739:Sevener 18718:Fathite 18592:Akhbari 18587:Ja'fari 18574:Twelver 18553:Shi'ite 18490:Imamate 18467:Zaydism 18418:Barelvi 18405:Hanafis 18377:Malikis 18346:Maqrizi 18295:Ibn Baz 18254:Zahiris 18016:Masnavi 17568:Ibn Baz 17382:Dimashq 17082:Shafi‘i 17012:'Illish 16747:Physics 16729:Science 16552:Masnavi 16459:Taqiyah 16434:Misbaha 16409:Burnous 16392:Objects 16343:Musalla 16323:Maqbara 16313:Madrasa 16303:Külliye 16298:Khanqah 16293:Khalawi 16273:Gongbei 16177:Qawwali 16167:Nasheed 16150:Ashewiq 16134:Ziyarat 16109:Silsila 16036:Zandaqa 15995:Walayah 15973:Tajalli 15929:Ma'rifa 15914:Karamat 15894:Hidayah 15848:Basirah 15843:Barakah 15786:Tazkiah 15764:Tawajud 15752:Takhlia 15723:Tafakur 15684:Salawat 15491:Ghaflah 15373:Rabbani 15326:Murshid 15304:Mudaqiq 15294:Majzoob 15264:Dervish 14801:Karamat 14735:Ziyarat 14067:Sources 13352:26 June 13325:26 June 13288:26 June 13258:26 June 13228:26 June 13201:26 June 12766:Reuters 12531:Lebanon 11401:15 July 10809:12 June 10784:12 June 10713:12 June 10690:intent. 10683:12 June 9898:silsila 9710:(ed.). 9027:, 2007. 8978:, p. 32 8913:Awiliyā 8884:, Brill 8370:Sufism. 8345:(ed.). 8257:(ed.). 8145:(ed.). 7752:Amaliah 7309:Prophet 7222:Culture 7188:Hasidic 7020:Please 6961:to the 6947:Samadhi 6798:in the 5438:Baybars 5010:Algeria 4847:order. 4814:Hanbali 4810:Baghdad 4806:Hanbali 4769:order. 4643:Persian 4641:from a 4607:Barakah 4478:Tajalli 4446:Jerrahi 4410:in the 4389:latâ'if 4356:Ottoman 4306:khanqah 4296:ziyarat 4291:dervish 4281:) is a 4275:Punjabi 4263:Persian 4251:Shrines 4240:charism 4227:karāmah 4218:karāmāt 4207:karamat 4201:Karamat 4185:Tariqah 4122:Kashgar 4120:, near 3963:qawwali 3936:marsiya 3911:dargahs 3901:Qawwali 3856:Singing 3826:tennure 3788:Persian 3786:, from 3774:of the 3664:ecstasy 3656:incense 3650:of the 3636:Qawwali 3632:singing 3575:Muslims 3475:, China 3464:gongbei 3358:Urs of 3325:tazkiah 3249:maqāmāt 3216:, India 3130:fardiya 3060:parable 3041:wilayah 2936:Swedish 2926:in the 2889:Senegal 2885:Albania 2836:Saifiah 2800:Jerrahi 2765:Hanbali 2757:Shafi’i 2709:, 1870) 2674:hospice 2658:khanqah 2629:karstic 2611:Ottoman 2575:Senussi 2567:Senegal 2563:Balkans 2551:Persian 2547:James I 2501:Saladin 2497:Ghazali 2465:Hanbali 2443:(after 2439:), the 2435:(after 2431:), the 2427:(after 2423:), the 2419:(after 2411:(after 2389:Isfahan 2333:shaykhs 2215:Senussi 2211:Safavid 2179:Mevlevi 2163:Chishti 2120:murīdīn 2115:murshid 2111:ḥaqīqah 2103:tarîqât 2022:zawiyas 2014:majalis 1919:tazkiah 1784:Ṣahabah 1779: 1772:بَيْعَة 1757:Muslims 1747:Origins 1736:History 1573: 1449:tazkiya 1404:صُوفِيّ 1360:) is a 1353:: 1346:التصوف‎ 1333:: 1140:Slavery 1123:Science 1078:Madrasa 1073:Finance 984:Animals 972:society 968:Culture 940:Imamate 920:Sahabah 893:History 863:(Poems) 848:(creed) 772:Fasting 700:Oneness 693:Beliefs 608:Ziyarat 593:History 583:Ma'rifa 545:Singers 507:Jerrahi 497:Inayati 457:Mevlevi 452:Kubrawi 447:Azeemia 432:Mouridi 417:Jelveti 412:Bayrami 402:Darqawi 382:Rahmani 352:Chishti 317:Ziyarat 302:Qawwali 254:Tazkiah 219:Silsila 194:Murshid 179:Ma'rifa 159:Karamat 114:Dervish 39:Tazkiah 26663:Sufism 26608:Portal 26547:Guyana 26527:Brazil 26494:Tuvalu 26391:Panama 26381:Mexico 26326:Canada 26321:Belize 26251:Sweden 26231:Serbia 26221:Russia 26206:Poland 26201:Norway 26181:Monaco 26151:Latvia 26146:Kosovo 26121:Greece 26111:France 26043:Europe 26008:Turkey 25993:Taiwan 25898:Kuwait 25871:Jordan 25861:Israel 25821:Cyprus 25806:Brunei 25801:Bhutan 25753:Zambia 25748:Uganda 25688:Rwanda 25643:Malawi 25603:Guinea 25593:Gambia 25498:Angola 25485:Africa 25294:Wealth 25242:Schism 25197:Growth 25121:Priest 25106:Clergy 24925:Theism 24908:Nature 24903:Astral 24846:Groves 24814:Ritual 24799:Prayer 24757:Novice 24707:Ethnic 24632:Topics 24604:Urartu 24599:Tongan 24594:Somali 24589:Slavic 24469:Dacian 24248:Celtic 24243:Basque 24221:Baltic 24072:Udmurt 24037:Uralic 24032:Slavic 23985:Celtic 23973:Abkhaz 23961:Romuva 23951:Baltic 23926:Modern 23769:Papuan 23732:Voodoo 23687:Kumina 23628:Yoruba 23618:Urhobo 23588:Maasai 23573:Lotuko 23521:Baluba 23511:Akamba 23484:Berber 23442:Heraka 23432:Dongba 23310:Pueblo 23305:Pawnee 23295:Navajo 23285:Muisca 23248:Lenape 23236:Lakota 23214:Seneca 23204:Mohawk 23138:Ohlone 23113:Apache 23106:Ojibwe 23081:Native 22947:Manchu 22942:Evenki 22903:Altaic 22894:Ethnic 22869:Khalsa 22822:Kalash 22712:Śrauta 22581:Indian 22511:Korean 22477:Shinto 22447:Taoism 22420:Luoism 22246:Baháʼí 22241:Bábism 22193:Ahmadi 22171:Sufism 22164:Alawis 21814:Church 21742:Reform 21723:Modern 21711:Haredi 21382: 21340:poetry 21150: 21035:Ethics 21019:Dhimmi 20978:Baligh 20939:Mahram 20896:Family 20876:Toilet 20856:Miswak 20609:Lahori 20550:Salafi 20496:Seerah 20491:Tafsir 20486:Hadith 20456:Sokoto 20401:Sahaba 20276:Angels 20253:Tawhid 20210:topics 20158:Zahiri 20148:Maliki 20138:Hanafi 20114:Thawab 20094:Sunnah 20019:Other 19975:Hizmet 19939:Zikris 19910:Dönmes 19900:Lahori 19866:Muslim 19686:Rifa`i 19626:Ma'bad 19508:Tajsīm 19456:Tamsīl 19183:Ifrani 19123:Najdat 19026:Shayki 18995:Other 18963:Mazyar 18842:Khojas 18820:Nizari 18799:Hafizi 18760:Druzes 18741: 18685:Alians 18639:Ghulat 18119:Alawis 17386:Nabati 17351:Abdals 17333:Juzjan 17072:Maliki 16757:Sufism 16681:Ethics 16668:Aqidah 16660:Fields 16639:Fields 16469:Turban 16439:Miswak 16429:Khirqa 16404:Balgha 16399:Ammama 16383:Zawiya 16373:Turbah 16338:Mosque 16308:Kuttab 16288:Khalwa 16268:Gonbad 16263:Eidgah 16253:Dargah 16241:Places 16129:Wezeea 16124:Tweeza 16119:Tariqa 16104:Sebiba 16082:Mawsim 16077:Mawlid 16072:Idjaza 16057:Bay'ah 16052:Ashura 15978:Thawab 15968:Secret 15951:Rabita 15924:Khatir 15909:Ishrak 15889:Haqiqa 15865:Djadba 15808:Wazifa 15740:Tahlia 15728:Tahara 15701:Shuhud 15642:Lazimi 15637:Latifa 15625:Ichara 15584:Djamaa 15561:Yaqeen 15447:Aayane 15398:Talibe 15388:Siddiq 15383:Sheikh 15289:Khatib 15279:Hezzab 15229:Sufism 15189:Portal 15067:Ruwaym 14740:Mawlid 14478:Sufism 14430: 14400: 14374: 14331: 14309: 14301: 14270: 14249: 14225: 14204: 14183: 14162: 14143: 14124: 14100: 14023: 13994:1 July 13990:. 2020 13923: 13913: 13884: 13725: 13691: 13664: 13630: 13596: 13562: 13528: 13469: 13433: 13389:598339 13387: 13344:. FP. 13156: 13122: 13084: 13051: 12771:London 12742: 12708: 12648: 12636:: The 12609: 12575: 12541: 12527:Beirut 12496: 12443: 12372: 12337: 12303: 12269: 12235: 12197: 12187:London 12159: 12125: 12090: 12055: 12021: 11988: 11864: 11854: 11829: 11781: 11688: 11663: 11638: 11611: 11584: 11445: 11315: 11291: 11262:Lataif 11233: 11223:jadhba 11208: 11188: 10980: 10869: 10652:"None" 10612: 10521: 10475: 10454: 10429: 10417: 10306:14 May 10270:14 May 10222: 10199: 10050: 10028: 10018: 9983: 9959: 9932: 9892: 9868: 9844: 9755: 9626: 9605: 9558: 9546: 9351: 9328: 9307: 9282:] 9251: 9225: 9215: 9170: 9080: 9044: 8970: 8945: 8937: 8843: 8798: 8774: 8713:4 June 8704: 8641: 8575: 8532: 8423: 8355: 8281: 8263:Boston 8222: 8212: 8194:Leiden 8171: 8153:Leiden 8103: 7952: 7897: 7887: 7862: 7852: 7826:times. 7787: 7718: 7708: 7683:29 May 7676:Tariqa 7654: 7636:Leiden 7586: 7578: 7537: 7512: 7504: 7459: 7441:Oxford 7339:martyr 7241:Turkey 7200:sheikh 7185:Jewish 7086:Hebrew 6959:tariqa 6957:, and 6955:Dhyana 6841:Seljuk 6770:bid‘ah 6757:, and 6718:jurist 6715:Shiite 6701:. The 6667:shrine 6471:Qur'an 6450:tawhid 6446:Sunnah 6442:Qur'an 6236:Sheikh 6191:tawhid 6127: 6103: 6099: 6060: 6041: 5776: 5184: 5107: 5067:Medina 5051:Aleppo 4845:Qadiri 4840:tafsir 4835:hadith 4826:hadith 4796:Shiraz 4716:Sunnah 4712:Bastam 4579:Sheikh 4546:Marifa 4525:Farasa 4369:sunnah 4344:jadhba 4301:Dargah 4283:shrine 4271:dargah 4267:dargâh 4258:dargah 4235:karama 4215:کرامات 4211:Arabic 4189:Mawlid 4170:Sylhet 4146:Multan 4138:Lahore 4092:Ziyara 4052:hadith 4040:saints 4031:أولياء 4015:Arabic 4000:(1552) 3987:mystic 3969:Saints 3955:dholak 3940:ghazal 3842:Chisti 3792:سماعزن 3668:trance 3666:, and 3579:hadith 3527:aqidah 3411:Nizami 3399:Rudaki 3369:sharia 3275:Maliki 3255:tawhid 3233:haqiqa 3227:tariqa 3222:sharia 3143:sunnah 3066:, and 2968:Multan 2918:, and 2881:Kosovo 2873:Cyprus 2840:Uwaisi 2780:Alians 2761:Maliki 2753:Hanafi 2654:zawiya 2637:Bosnia 2605:, and 2593:, and 2489:Hanafi 2485:Maliki 2479:; the 2477:Hanafi 2405:orders 2325:sharia 2275:Spirit 2231:Uwaisi 2207:Rifa'i 2107:tariqa 2101:, pl. 2099:tariqa 2055:hadith 1970:tariqa 1958:Tariqa 1946:Ruwaym 1887:sunnah 1829:Sheikh 1813:hadith 1809:Sahaba 1805:Shaykh 1801:bayʿah 1768:Arabic 1718:suffah 1594:sunnah 1417:tariqa 1380:, and 1362:mystic 1342:Arabic 1322:Arabic 1318:Sufism 1194:Hadith 1108:Poetry 1088:Mosque 1053:Ethics 878:Sharia 846:Aqidah 838:Tafsir 822:Hadith 816:Sunnah 760:Prayer 711:Angels 578:Haqiqa 573:Tariqa 568:Sharia 563:Tawhid 517:Zahedi 512:Madari 487:Galibi 482:Akbari 467:Uwaisi 407:Senusi 397:Tijani 392:Desuqi 387:Badawi 372:Rifa`i 347:Qadiri 264:Yaqeen 174:Manzil 169:Lataif 139:Haqiqa 62:Sufism 26647:Islam 26532:Chile 26489:Tonga 26479:Samoa 26469:Palau 26459:Nauru 26366:Haiti 26286:Wales 26246:Spain 26171:Malta 26141:Italy 26033:Yemen 25988:Syria 25968:Qatar 25943:Nepal 25918:Macau 25881:Korea 25866:Japan 25841:India 25816:China 25728:Sudan 25678:Niger 25633:Libya 25618:Kenya 25598:Ghana 25588:Gabon 25563:Egypt 25503:Benin 25412:Index 25383:lists 25252:State 25070:Women 24938:Deism 24913:Place 24893:Water 24888:Truth 24856:Trees 24712:Faith 24677:Laity 24572:Punic 24530:Roman 24496:Vedic 24454:Olmec 24341:Greek 24334:Norse 24258:Irish 24079:Wicca 23874:Subud 23764:Inuit 23737:Winti 23727:Vodou 23692:Obeah 23672:Comfa 23655:Bantu 23608:Serer 23593:Mbuti 23553:Dogon 23548:Dinka 23531:Kongo 23526:Bantu 23452:Qiang 23342:Yaqui 23273:Olmec 23263:Aztec 23184:Haida 23133:Miwok 23128:Kuksu 23059:Māori 22990:Dayak 22911:Turko 22874:Sects 22810:Other 22765:Thiền 22349:Other 22251:Druze 22229:Other 22105:Sunni 22097:Islam 21879:Amish 21797:Latin 21494:Quran 21384:Other 21279:Early 21203:Music 21119:Kalam 21073:Jizya 21061:Hudud 20946:Nikah 20863:Najis 20849:Ghusl 20808:Sukuk 20737:Women 20705:Music 20680:Flags 20594:Ibadi 20521:Sunni 20481:Quran 20338:Zakat 20324:Salah 20287:Qadar 20245:Allah 20208:Islam 20099:Taqwa 19483:ī ad- 19481:Fāris 19135:Sufri 18958:Babak 18782:Alavi 18748:Hamza 18706:Imami 18597:Usuli 18570:Imami 18561:Islam 18545:Imami 18327:Sahwa 17390:Murjī 17384:ī an- 17335:ī al- 17326:Balkh 17050:Sunni 17047:Early 16719:Peace 16714:Logic 16686:Kalam 16647:Books 16519:Books 16378:Türbe 16368:Takya 16363:Surau 16358:Ribat 16353:Rauza 16348:Qubba 16333:Mazar 16318:Maqam 16248:Daara 16172:Naʽat 16157:] 16099:] 16092:Sbooa 16087:Salka 16062:Haḍra 16026:Shath 16000:Warid 15990:] 15963:Ru'ya 15958:] 15946:] 15939:Qabdh 15919:Kashf 15904:Irfan 15899:Ilham 15884:] 15872:] 15860:] 15798:] 15771:] 15759:] 15747:] 15735:] 15713:Shukr 15708:] 15696:] 15674:] 15667:Sahar 15632:] 15620:] 15613:Ibara 15603:] 15596:Djoua 15591:] 15579:Dhikr 15571:Awrad 15531:Maqam 15511:Ihsan 15501:Hijab 15481:Dhawq 15476:Baqaa 15466:] 15454:] 15420:Wasil 15410:] 15378:Salik 15363:Qāriʾ 15343:Murid 15338:] 15311:] 15274:Hafiz 15269:Fakir 15244:Abdal 15237:Sufis 14826:Salik 14821:Murid 14811:Dhawq 14796:Kashf 14786:Ihsan 14779:Ideas 14750:Taqwa 14725:Haḍra 14720:Dhikr 14307:S2CID 14299:JSTOR 13385:JSTOR 13319:(PDF) 13308:(PDF) 12362:India 11827:JSTOR 11419:with 10989:2 May 10494:(PDF) 10297:(PDF) 10260:(PDF) 10173:(PDF) 9837:Islam 9706:. In 9669:2 May 9647:2 May 9291:(PDF) 9284:(PDF) 9278:[ 9223:S2CID 8996:Paris 8943:S2CID 7584:JSTOR 7510:JSTOR 7354:Notes 7237:Konya 7172:Egypt 7100:Torah 7084:into 7076:, of 6974:baqaa 6943:Fanaa 6792:Sinai 6784:Egypt 6776:shirk 6760:dhikr 6655:grave 6651:Ḍarīẖ 6596:] 6543:] 6524:] 6505:] 6486:] 6434:Allah 6421:] 6398:] 6379:] 6304:] 6281:] 6244:Egypt 6240:Luxor 6113:Media 6053:] 6018:] 5897:] 5882:] 5843:] 5742:] 5695:] 5552:] 5513:] 5482:] 5390:] 5375:] 5322:] 5307:] 5292:] 5245:] 5196:] 5169:] 5156:] 5053:to a 5047:Syria 4930:Ajmer 4883:hizbs 4868:dhikr 4816:law. 4686:Basra 4678:death 4660:Basra 4595:Jihad 4534:Ilham 4517:Maqam 4501:maqam 4468:Kashf 4287:saint 4223:کرامة 4162:Delhi 4154:Ajmer 4130:Sindh 4114:Kulob 4048:Quran 4036:saint 3983:saint 3951:tabla 3928:na'at 3830:hırka 3797:kemal 3679:dhikr 3675:dhikr 3644:dance 3614:dhikr 3610:dhikr 3603:dhikr 3599:dhikr 3591:dhikr 3587:dhikr 3583:dhikr 3571:Quran 3566:Dhikr 3552:Dhikr 3546:Dhikr 3534:means 3503:dhikr 3467:) of 3419:Sanai 3415:Hafez 3407:Attar 3345:Kulob 3316:Amman 3285:saint 3244:sulûk 3239:salik 3151:Egypt 3049:Allah 3001:qanun 2993:fitra 2869:Alevi 2858:Cairo 2734:Egypt 2662:tekke 2660:, or 2583:Sudan 2579:Libya 2536:saint 2509:Islam 2397:LACMA 2125:murīd 2047:ihsan 2037:tekke 1978:ṭuruq 1974:(pl. 1764:bayah 1753:Hejaz 1722:dhikr 1702:تزكية 1590:Quran 1524:dhikr 1518:Irfan 1469:fitra 1461:ihsan 1425:ṭuruq 1421:(pl. 1410:ṣūfīy 1366:Islam 1240:Jihad 1189:Quran 1150:Women 1093:Music 1031:Sunni 880:(law) 828:Sirah 809:Quran 793:Texts 675:Islam 292:Haḍra 287:Dhikr 249:Salik 189:Murid 184:Maqam 164:Kashf 149:Irfan 144:Ihsan 124:Fakir 119:Dhawq 109:Baqaa 95:Abdal 89:Ideas 55:Islam 26557:Peru 26439:Fiji 26336:Cuba 25948:Oman 25908:Laos 25856:Iraq 25851:Iran 25768:Asia 25738:Togo 25648:Mali 25538:Chad 25381:and 25308:and 24883:Text 24863:Soul 24752:Monk 24717:Fire 24398:Inca 24206:Ainu 24090:list 24067:Sámi 23697:Palo 23665:Ketu 23660:Jejé 23578:Lozi 23558:Efik 23536:Zulu 23516:Akan 23369:Ahom 23361:Miao 23359:and 23347:Zuni 23320:Hopi 23268:Maya 23165:Crow 23143:Pomo 22800:list 22757:Chan 22728:list 22685:Nath 22483:list 22219:list 22144:Shia 22086:list 21773:list 21165:Arts 21096:POWs 21030:Diet 20960:Zina 20932:Mahr 20918:Haya 20882:Wudu 20829:Riba 20742:LGBT 20634:Life 20555:Shia 20545:Sufi 20536:and 20345:Hajj 20331:Sawm 18865:Shia 17262:Rumi 16704:‘Aql 16182:Sama 16143:Arts 15877:Fath 15853:Bast 15825:Zuhd 15820:Wird 15803:Wajd 15791:Uzla 15689:Samt 15662:Sabr 15556:Sadr 15541:Qalb 15536:Nafs 15516:Ishq 15506:Huwa 15486:Fana 15415:Wali 15368:Qutb 15284:Imam 14816:Ishq 14791:Wajd 14730:Zuhd 14428:ISBN 14398:ISBN 14372:ISBN 14329:ISBN 14268:ISBN 14247:ISBN 14223:ISBN 14202:ISBN 14181:ISBN 14160:ISBN 14141:ISBN 14122:ISBN 14098:ISBN 14021:ISSN 13996:2020 13953:2024 13921:OCLC 13911:ISBN 13882:ISSN 13817:2015 13736:2022 13723:ISBN 13702:2022 13689:ISBN 13662:ISBN 13641:2022 13628:ISBN 13607:2022 13594:ISBN 13573:2022 13560:ISBN 13539:2022 13526:ISBN 13505:2021 13480:2022 13467:ISBN 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