288:
46:
143:
603:, although externally triggered strobe lights will often flash as frequently as possible. Studies have shown that the majority of people that are susceptible to the strobing effects can have symptoms, albeit rarely, at 15 Hz-70 Hz. Other studies have shown epileptic symptoms at the 15 Hz rate with over 90 seconds of continuous staring at a strobe light. Many
270:
flash duration as long as 5.6 ms (1/180 sec) at its highest output setting, or as short as 68 μs (1/14,814 sec) at its lowest output setting. Strobes with significantly shorter flash durations are commercially available, some with flash durations less than 1 μs. For example, the SPOT strobe by Prism
Science Works provides a flash duration of order 0.5 μs
253:
A strobe without a capacitor storage device simply discharges mains voltages across the tube once it's fired. This type of strobe requires no charging time and allows for much quicker flash rates, but drastically reduces the lifetime of the flash tube if powered for significant periods of time. Such
269:
The duration of a single flash depends on the particular strobe being used and its settings. Strobes for studio lighting often have a range of power settings. For a given strobe, higher light output corresponds to a longer flash duration. For example, the
Flashpoint Rapid 1200 HSS Monolight has a
428:
Special calibrated strobe lights, capable of flashing up to hundreds of times per second, are used in industry to stop the appearance of motion of rotating and other repetitively operating machinery and to measure, or adjust, the rotation speeds or cycle times. Since this stop is only apparent, a
499:
was founded by Harold E. Edgerton, Kenneth J. Germeshausen and
Herbert E. Grier in 1947 as Edgerton, Germeshausen and Grier, Inc. and today bears their initials. In 1931, Edgerton and Germeshausen had formed a partnership to study high-speed photographic and stroboscopic techniques and their
241:, an energy storage device much like a battery, but capable of charging and releasing energy much faster. In a capacitor-based strobe, the capacitor is charged up to around 300 V. Once the capacitor has been charged, to trigger the flash a small amount of power is diverted into a
249:
is created inside the tube, which acts as a path for the capacitor to discharge through, allowing the capacitor to quickly release its energy into the arc. The capacitor's energy rapidly heats the xenon gas, creating an extremely bright plasma discharge, which is seen as a flash.
579:. Within certain ranges, the apparent color can be controlled by the frequency of the flash. Effective stimuli frequencies go from 3 Hz upwards, with optimal frequencies of about 4–6 Hz. The colours are an illusion generated in the mind of the observer and not a real color. The
429:
marked point on the rotating body will either appear to move backward or forward, or not move, depending on the frequency of the strobe-flash. If the flash occurs equal to the period of rotation (or an even multiple, i.e. 2*π*n/ω, where n is an integer and ω the
273:
Some strobes even offer continuous mode of operation whereby the arc is sustained, providing extremely high intensity light, but usually only for small amounts of time to prevent overheating and eventual breakage of the flash tube.
433:), the marked point will appear to not move. Any non-integer flash setting will make the mark appear to move forward or backward, e.g. a slight increase of the flash frequency will make the point appear to move backward.
957:
371:
Strobe lights are often used for aircraft anti-collision lighting both on aircraft themselves and also on tall stationary objects, such as television and radio towers. Other applications are in
368:
consist of a base, a LED or group of LEDs, and a cover. A solid state flash controller is located within the base, which allows the LED beacon to operate in a variety of flash patterns.
421:
508:
in its weapons research and development after the war. This work for the
Commission provided the historic foundation to the Company's present-day technology base.
652:, an early device from 1813 that produced the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion.
1242:
1073:
555:'s lights engineer, Danny Williams, pioneered the use of multiple stroboscopes, slides and film projections simultaneously onstage during the 1966
456:. Strobe lighting has also been used to see the movements of the vocal cords in slow motion during speech, a procedure known as video-stroboscopy.
245:, a small transformer with a high turns ratio. This generates the weak but high-voltage spike required to ionize the xenon gas in a flash tube. An
1670:
599:
have occurred. Most strobe lights on sale to the public are factory-limited to about 10–12 Hz (10–12 flashes per second) in their internal
359:
These lenses come in a variant of colors, mainly clear, yellow, amber, red, blue, and green. The lens color can affect the intensity of light.
504:
made use of
Edgerton's discoveries to photograph atomic explosions; it was a natural evolution that the company would support the
2116:
1066:
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The strobe light was popularized on the club scene during the 1960s when it was used to reproduce and enhance the effects of
1812:
175:
110:
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82:
824:
394:. They are still widely used in law enforcement and other emergency vehicles, though they are slowly being replaced by
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636:, the frequency at which an intermittent light stimulus appears to be completely steady to the average human observer
500:
applications. Grier joined them in 1934, and in 1947, EG&G was incorporated. During World War II, the government's
1059:
258:, without which the flash tube would attempt to draw high currents from the electricity source, potentially tripping
129:
1834:
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Pilz J, Marre E (1993). "Pattern-induced flicker colors. An ophthalmologic examination method (Article in German)".
89:
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1975:
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Schramme J (1992). "Changes in pattern induced flicker colors are mediated by the blue/yellow opponent process".
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Rapid flashing of a stroboscopic light can give the illusion that white light is tinged with color, known as
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1970:
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687:, a photographic light source capable of producing sub-microsecond light flashes, allowing for (ultra)
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1982:
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198:. Larger strobe lights can be used in “continuous” mode, producing extremely intense illumination.
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194:, and discharge times as short as a few milliseconds, often resulting in a flash power of several
1903:
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440:'s efficiency at a certain rotational period by directing the strobe-light towards a mark on the
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20:
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A strobe light flashing at the proper period can appear to freeze or reverse cyclical motion.
709:"Flashpoint Rapid 1200 HSS R2 2.4GHz Monolight - Bowens Mount (Godox QT1200IIM) RAPID-1200B"
356:
light is emitted. The intensity of the light depends on the amount of electricity provided.
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A typical commercial strobe light has a flash energy in the region of 10 to 150
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563:'s request, Williams built an enhanced stroboscopic light show to be used at
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639:
630:, the study of directly visible change in brightness of a light source
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472:, and are available for home use for special effects or entertainment.
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technology in this application, as they themselves largely replaced
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in schools, hospitals, stadiums, etc. strobe at a 1 Hz rate.
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for the study of moving objects, eventually resulting in dramatic
464:
Strobelights are often used to give an illusion of slow motion in
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is applied, the tube flashes and is magnified by the lens, and a
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322:. Strobe beacons are similar to rotating beacons, but are more
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used strobe lighting in coordination with the music of the
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445:
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395:
166:. It is one of a number of devices that can be used as a
829:
Journal of the South
Pacific Underwater Medicine Society
658:, discontinuity in motion pictures, also called strobing
228:
340:
varieties. Gas strobe beacons consist of a gas-filled
26:"Strob" redirects here. For the fungicide class, see
681:
appears to rotate differently from its true rotation
70:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
642:, an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a
480:The origin of strobe lighting dates to 1931, when
162:, is a device used to produce regular flashes of
2093:
436:A common use of a strobe flash is to optimize a
1067:
1036:. New York: Springer Science+Business Media.
835:(3). Archived from the original on 2009-05-19
484:employed a flashing lamp to make an improved
19:"Strobe" redirects here. For other uses, see
1030:Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology
314:-getting device, either to warn of possible
1074:
1060:
664:, often also referred to as a strobe light
583:demonstrates the effect.
822:
130:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Device producing regular flashes of light
1026:
419:
286:
141:
2094:
955:
868:"URS Corporation - EG&G - History"
591:Sometimes strobe lighting can trigger
492:of objects such as bullets in flight.
409:
291:LED Strobe beacon on emergency vehicle
1055:
816:
229:Scientific explanation of flashtubes
68:adding citations to reliable sources
39:
390:), and as high-visibility aircraft
13:
406:as an emergency signaling device.
14:
2128:
526:Vacuum stroboscopic light sources
448:. The strobe-light tool for such
282:
570:
44:
1591:Parabolic aluminized reflector
1020:
1013::10.1016/0042-6989(92)90074-S.
995:
974:
949:
917:
752:"Flashing Strobe Beacon Patent"
277:
201:The light source is commonly a
170:. The word originated from the
55:needs additional citations for
2117:Devices to alter consciousness
1536:Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide
1042:10.1007/978-3-642-27851-8_65-2
927:CL6x Stroboscopic light source
885:
860:
805:
784:
772:"Halogen Strobe Beacon Patent"
764:
744:
726:
701:
595:. Several public incidents of
402:lighting. Strobes are used by
187:), meaning "act of whirling".
1:
958:"The artificial spectrum top"
694:
1081:
557:Exploding Plastic Inevitable
520:) were available as well as
482:Harold Eugene "Doc" Edgerton
237:with energy supplied from a
7:
1781:Automotive light bulb types
1631:Intelligent street lighting
674:in cinematography which a
610:
586:
221:. To obtain colored light,
10:
2133:
1544:Hydrargyrum quartz iodide
623:Emergency vehicle lighting
475:
413:
392:collision avoidance lights
386:(most notably to simulate
377:emergency vehicle lighting
318:, or to attract potential
266:in the power supply line.
254:strobes require a form of
233:Strobe lights usually use
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1991:
1983:Stage lighting instrument
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1169:
1089:
1027:. Krantz, John H (2013).
852:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2044:Battlefield illumination
1801:high-intensity discharge
1233:Electrochemiluminescence
825:"Diver location devices"
812:LED Strobe Beacon Patent
634:Flicker fusion threshold
516:(light-output optimized
506:Atomic Energy Commission
459:
33:Not to be confused with
1904:Electroluminescent wire
597:photosensitive epilepsy
524:-type, grid-controlled
302:is a flashing electric
217:of approximately 5,600
21:Strobe (disambiguation)
1586:Multifaceted reflector
689:high-speed photography
510:
425:
292:
209:, which has a complex
147:
1976:ellipsoidal reflector
1581:Ellipsoidal reflector
1265:Fluorescent induction
1243:field-induced polymer
734:"Prism Science Works"
512:Internally triggered
494:
444:on the engine's main
423:
306:used in a variety of
290:
145:
2107:History of animation
1813:Rear position lights
1786:Daytime running lamp
1714:Mechanically powered
1601:Aviation obstruction
936:Tubedata.milbert.com
904:Tubedata.milbert.com
158:, commonly called a
64:improve this article
2102:Gas discharge lamps
1221:Electron-stimulated
956:Benham, CE (1894).
895:1D21/SN4 Strobotron
416:Stroboscopic effect
410:Stroboscopic effect
260:electrical breakers
243:trigger transformer
2112:1938 introductions
2064:Luminous gemstones
1238:Electroluminescent
1216:Cathodoluminescent
962:scholar.google.com
823:Davies, D (1998).
668:Wagon-wheel effect
662:Photographic flash
551:. In early 1966,
426:
330:Gas strobe beacons
293:
148:
35:Strobelight (song)
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1606:Balanced-arm lamp
1562:
1561:
1446:Yablochkov candle
1314:Acetylene/Carbide
1284:Radioluminescence
1156:Luminous efficacy
1102:Color temperature
617:Electrotachyscope
502:Manhattan Project
431:angular frequency
215:color temperature
156:stroboscopic lamp
146:Blue Strobe light
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132:
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1889:Christmas lights
1823:Safety reflector
1818:Reversing lights
1753:Navigation light
1704:Bicycle lighting
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1272:Photoluminescent
1255:Fluorescent lamp
1228:Chemiluminescent
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1139:Lightbulb socket
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672:optical illusion
344:surrounded by a
334:Xenon flash lamp
324:energy efficient
256:current limiting
203:xenon flash lamp
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366:strobe beacons
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283:Strobe beacons
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79:"Strobe light"
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1651:Pendant light
1649:
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1646:Neon lighting
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1521:Mercury-vapor
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1470:
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1464:Deuterium arc
1462:
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1457:
1456:Gas discharge
1453:
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1161:Task lighting
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1117:Light fixture
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988:(2): 148–54.
987:
983:
982:Ophthalmologe
977:
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874:on 2007-07-05
873:
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799:iceweb.com.au
793:
792:"beacons.pdf"
787:
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577:Fechner color
571:Fechner color
568:
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565:Fillmore West
562:
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545:Grateful Dead
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373:alarm systems
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264:voltage drops
261:
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225:may be used.
224:
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172:Ancient Greek
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91:
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84:
81: –
80:
76:
75:Find sources:
69:
65:
59:
58:
53:This article
51:
47:
42:
41:
36:
29:
22:
1924:Strobe light
1923:
1919:Plasma globe
1894:Crackle tube
1884:Bubble light
1845:trafficators
1840:Turn signals
1666:Street light
1621:Gas lighting
1554:Sodium vapor
1526:Metal-halide
1428:Electric arc
1180:Incandescent
1149:Edison screw
1029:
1022:
1006:
1002:
997:
985:
981:
976:
965:. Retrieved
961:
951:
939:. Retrieved
935:
926:
919:
907:. Retrieved
903:
894:
887:
876:. Retrieved
872:the original
862:
848:cite journal
837:. Retrieved
832:
828:
818:
807:
798:
786:
775:
766:
755:
746:
737:
728:
716:. Retrieved
712:
703:
590:
581:Benham's top
574:
534:
525:
513:
511:
495:
479:
463:
454:timing light
452:is called a
435:
427:
404:scuba divers
370:
362:
361:
358:
329:
328:
296:
294:
278:Applications
272:
268:
252:
232:
223:colored gels
206:
200:
189:
182:
180:
159:
155:
152:strobe light
151:
149:
126:
120:January 2008
117:
107:
100:
93:
86:
74:
62:Please help
57:verification
54:
2069:Signal lamp
2023:Stroboscope
1899:DJ lighting
1835:Stop lights
1806:sealed beam
1758:Searchlight
1498:Xenon flash
1441:Klieg light
1289:Solid-state
1250:Fluorescent
1208:Luminescent
929:data sheet"
925:"Ferranti:
897:data sheet"
893:"Sylvania:
713:Adorama.com
605:fire alarms
601:oscillators
561:Bill Graham
553:Andy Warhol
547:during his
514:Strobotrons
490:photographs
486:stroboscope
350:electricity
262:or causing
168:stroboscope
2096:Categories
2013:Grow light
2008:Germicidal
1998:Scientific
1995:Industrial
1951:Floodlight
1937:Theatrical
1879:Blacklight
1874:Aroma lamp
1863:Decorative
1773:Automotive
1763:Solar lamp
1726:Glow stick
1709:Flashlight
1641:Nightlight
1636:Light tube
1611:Chandelier
1568:Stationary
1510:discharge
1436:Carbon arc
1306:Combustion
1172:generation
1170:Methods of
967:2021-07-31
878:2007-05-07
839:2009-04-02
695:References
640:Tachometer
549:Acid Tests
528:with fast
518:thyratrons
466:nightclubs
438:car engine
381:theatrical
354:360 degree
308:industries
235:flashtubes
90:newspapers
2079:Reflected
2059:Light art
1971:Spotlight
1956:Footlight
1941:Cinematic
1909:Lava lamp
1671:in the US
1576:Reflector
1493:Xenon arc
1474:Neon lamp
1403:Rushlight
1383:Limelight
1132:Hong Kong
656:Jerkiness
541:Ken Kesey
530:phosphors
388:lightning
320:customers
312:attention
239:capacitor
207:flashtube
196:kilowatts
1791:Headlamp
1731:Headlamp
1719:Tactical
1697:Portable
1678:Torchère
1359:Petromax
1354:Kerosene
1324:Campfire
1294:LED lamp
1090:Concepts
1083:Lighting
1017:1304090.
992:8490297.
718:19 April
650:Zoetrope
646:or disk,
611:See also
593:seizures
587:Seizures
497:EG&G
442:flywheel
384:lighting
332:include
211:spectrum
2074:Sources
2028:Tanning
1914:Marquee
1859:Display
1743:Lantern
1736:outdoor
1688:Troffer
1531:ceramic
1388:Luchina
1366:Lantern
1259:compact
1257: (
1193:Halogen
1188:Regular
941:15 June
909:15 June
539:trips.
476:History
400:halogen
348:. When
338:halogen
316:hazards
297:strobe
219:kelvins
183:stróbos
176:στρόβος
104:scholar
1796:hidden
1661:Sconce
1486:Sulfur
1481:Plasma
1413:Tilley
1408:Safety
1371:Fanous
1334:Carcel
1329:Candle
1319:Argand
1198:Nernst
1127:Hawaii
676:spoked
670:, an
310:as an
299:beacon
213:and a
192:joules
160:strobe
106:
99:
92:
85:
77:
2054:Laser
1966:Scoop
1593:(PAR)
1546:(HQI)
1538:(HMI)
1512:(HID)
1418:Torch
1376:Paper
1344:Flare
1112:Glare
1034:(PDF)
932:(PDF)
900:(PDF)
795:(PDF)
679:wheel
644:shaft
470:raves
460:Other
205:, or
164:light
111:JSTOR
97:books
1961:Gobo
1469:Neon
1339:Diya
1015:PMID
990:PMID
943:2013
911:2013
854:link
720:2022
468:and
446:axle
346:lens
342:tube
336:and
304:lamp
83:news
1398:Oil
1349:Gas
1038:doi
1011:doi
537:LSD
396:LED
364:LED
247:arc
154:or
66:by
2098::
1007:32
1005:.
986:90
984:.
960:.
934:.
902:.
850:}}
846:{{
833:28
831:.
827:.
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379:,
375:,
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1044:.
1040::
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913:.
881:.
856:)
842:.
801:.
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760:.
740:.
722:.
179:(
133:)
127:(
122:)
118:(
108:·
101:·
94:·
87:·
60:.
37:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
