213:
such as bench press, squats, and arm curl, compared to no warm-up. Dynamic warm-ups (performed with greater than 20% of maximal effort) enhance strength and power in upper-body exercises. When properly warmed up the lifter will have more strength and stamina since the blood has begun to flow to the muscle groups. Pulse raisers do not have any effect on either 1RM or submaximal training. Static stretching induces strength loss, and should therefore probably not be performed before strength training. Resistance training functions as an active form of flexibility training, with similar increases in range of motion when compared to performing a static stretching protocol. Static stretching, performed either before or after exercise, also does not reduce muscle soreness in healthy adults.
296:
training volume using the time under tension (TUT), namely the time of each rep times the number of reps, rather than simply the number of reps. However, hypertrophy is similar for a fixed number of repetitions and each repetition's duration varying from 0.5 s - 8 s. There is however a marked decrease in hypertrophy for "very slow" durations greater than 10 s. There are similar hypertrophic effects for 50-60% 1RM loads with a slower 3/0/3/0 tempo and 80-90% 1RM loads with a faster 1/1/1/0 tempo. It may be beneficial for both hypertrophy and strength to use fast, short concentric phases and slower, longer eccentric phases. Research has not yet isolated the effects of concentric and eccentric durations, or tested a wide variety of exercises and populations.
292:
another pause of 2 seconds. The letter X in a tempo code represents a voluntary explosive action whereby the actual velocity and duration is not controlled and may be involuntarily extended as fatigue manifests, while the letter V implies volitional freedom "at your own pace". A phase's tempo may also be measured as the average movement velocity. Less precise but commonly used characterizations of tempo include the total time for the repetition or a qualitative characterization such as fast, moderate, or slow. The ACSM recommends a moderate or slower tempo of movement for novice- and intermediate-trained individuals, but a combination of slow, moderate, and fast tempos for advanced training.
364:
individual sessions. Traditional periodization can be viewed as repeating one weekly block over and over. Block periodization has the advantage of focusing on specific motor abilities and muscle groups. Because only a few abilities are worked on at a time, the effects of fatigue are minimized. With careful goal selection and ordering, there may be synergistic effects. A traditional block consists of high-volume, low-intensity exercises, transitioning to low-volume, high-intensity exercises. However, to maximize progress to specific goals, individual programs may require different manipulations, such as decreasing the intensity and increasing volume.
507:
possible, both anaerobic ("fast-twitch") and aerobic ("slow-twitch"), to generate the most force. However, at maximum load, the anaerobic processes contract so forcefully that the aerobic fibers are completely shut out, and all work is done by the anaerobic processes. Because the anaerobic muscle fibre uses its fuel faster than the blood and intracellular restorative cycles can resupply it, the maximum number of repetitions is limited. In the aerobic regime, the blood and intracellular processes can maintain a supply of fuel and oxygen, and continual repetition of the motion will not cause the muscle to fail.
341:
group (flat bench press followed by the incline bench press) result in a significantly lower training volume than a traditional exercise format with rests. However, agonist–antagonist supersets result in a significantly higher training volume when compared to a traditional exercise format. Similarly, holding training volume constant but performing upper–lower body supersets and tri-sets reduce elapsed time but increased perceived exertion rate. These results suggest that specific exercise orders may allow more intense, more time-efficient workouts with results similar to longer workouts.
940:
guidelines. The position of the
National Strength and Conditioning Association is that strength training is safe for children if properly designed and supervised. Younger children are at greater risk of injury than adults if they drop a weight on themselves or perform an exercise incorrectly; further, they may lack understanding of, or ignore the safety precautions around weight training equipment. As a result, supervision of minors is considered vital to ensuring the safety of any youth engaging in strength training.
2219:
22:
7062:
6459:
7072:
156:
807:
7050:
242:
intra-abdominal pressure. This enhances the structural integrity of the torso—protecting against excessive spinal flexion or extension and providing a secure base to lift heavy weights effectively and securely. However, as the
Valsalva maneuver increases blood pressure, lowers heart rate, and restricts breathing, it can be a dangerous method for those with hypertension or for those who faint easily.
402:
compound movements improve gross motor coordination and proprioceptive stabilizing mechanisms. However, single-joint exercises can result in greater muscle growth in the targeted muscles, and are more suitable for injury prevention and rehabilitation. Low variation in exercise selection or targeted muscle groups, combined with a high volume of training, is likely to lead to
178:'). An injury or an inability to reach training objectives might arise from poor form during a training set. If the desired muscle group is not challenged sufficiently, the threshold of overload is never reached and the muscle does not gain in strength. At a particularly advanced level, however, "cheating" can be used to break through strength plateaus and encourage
226:. The general procedure of this method is to inhale when lowering the weight (the eccentric portion) and exhale when lifting the weight (the concentric portion). However, the reverse, inhaling when lifting and exhaling when lowering, may also be recommended. There is little difference between the two techniques in terms of their influence on
559:. A protein shake is often consumed immediately following the workout. However, the anabolic window is not particularly narrow and protein can also be consumed before or hours after the exercise with similar effects. Glucose (or another simple sugar) is often consumed as well since this quickly replenishes any
340:
Supersets are defined as a pair of different exercise sets performed without rest, followed by a normal rest period. Common superset configurations are two exercises for the same muscle group, agonist-antagonist muscles, or alternating upper and lower body muscle groups. Exercises for the same muscle
317:
The rest period is defined as the time dedicated to recovery between sets and exercises. Exercise causes metabolic stress, such as the buildup of lactic acid and the depletion of adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine. Resting 3–5 minutes between sets allows for significantly greater repetitions
291:
The speed or pace at which each repetition is performed is also an important factor in strength and muscle gain. The emerging format for expressing this is as a 4-number tempo code such as 3/1/4/2, meaning an eccentric phase lasting 3 seconds, a pause of 1 second, a concentric phase of 4 seconds, and
208:
Evidence is limited regarding whether warming up reduces injuries during strength training. As of 2015, no articles existed on the effects of warm up for upper body injury prevention. For the lower limbs, several programs significantly reduce injuries in sports and military training, but no universal
510:
Circuit weight training is a form of exercise that uses a number of weight training exercise sets separated by short intervals. The cardiovascular effort to recover from each set serves a function similar to an aerobic exercise, but this is not the same as saying that a weight training set is itself
304:
In general, for muscular strength, more training sessions per week results in greater increases. However, when training volume was equated, training frequency had no effect on muscle strength. Additionally, single-joint exercises did not show a significant effect of increased frequency. There may be
586:
to aid muscle growth. In a meta-analysis study that investigated the effects of creatine supplementation on repeated sprint ability, it was discovered that creatine increased body mass and mean power output. The creatine-induced increase in body mass was a result of fluid retention. The increase in
367:
Undulating periodization is an extension of block periodization to frequent changes in volume and intensity, usually daily or weekly. Because of the rapid changes, it is theorized that there will be more stress on the neuromuscular system and better training effects. Undulating periodization yields
514:
Strength training is typically associated with the production of lactate, which is a limiting factor of exercise performance. Regular endurance exercise leads to adaptations in skeletal muscle which can prevent lactate levels from rising during strength training. This is mediated via activation of
502:
metabolism makes a small contribution. Weight training is commonly perceived as anaerobic exercise, because one of the more common goals is to increase strength by lifting heavy weights. Other goals such as rehabilitation, weight loss, body shaping, and bodybuilding often use lower weights, adding
355:
Periodization refers to the organization of training into sequential phases and cyclical periods, and the change in training over time. The simplest strength training periodization involves keeping a fixed schedule of sets and reps (e.g. 2 sets of 12 reps of bicep curls every 2 days), and steadily
212:
The effects of warming up on exercise effectiveness are clearer. For 1RM trials, an exercise rehearsal has significant benefits. For submaximal strength training (3 sets of 80% of 1RM to failure), exercise rehearsal does not provide any benefits regarding fatigue or total repetitions for exercises
130:
Strength training follows the fundamental principle that involves repeatedly overloading a muscle group. This is typically done by contracting the muscles against heavy resistance and then returning to the starting position. This process is repeated for several repetitions until the muscles reach
919:
for hypertrophy and lower body strength, although some studies have found that women experience a greater relative increase in upper-body strength. Because of their greater starting strength and muscle mass, absolute gains are higher in men. In older adults, women experienced a larger increase in
401:
For strength and power training in able-bodied individuals, the NCSA recommends emphasizing integrated or compound movements (multi-joint exercises), such as with free weights, over exercises isolating a muscle (single-joint exercises), such as with machines. This is due to the fact that only the
397:
Exercise selection depends on the goals of the strength training program. If a specific sport or activity is targeted, the focus will be on specific muscle groups used in that sport. Various exercises may target improvements in strength, speed, agility, or endurance. For other populations such as
534:
Supplementation of protein in the diet of healthy adults increases the size and strength of muscles during prolonged resistance exercise training (RET); protein intakes of greater than 1.62 grams per kilogram of body weight a day did not additionally increase fat–free mass (FFM), muscle size, or
363:
Sequential or block periodization concentrates training into periods ("blocks"). For example, for athletes, performance can be optimized for specific events based on the competition schedule. An annual training plan may be divided hierarchically into several levels, from training phases down to
204:
before starting a workout, and it is recommended by the NCSA. A warm up may include cardiovascular activity such as light stationary biking (a "pulse raiser"), flexibility and joint mobility exercises, static and/or dynamic stretching, "passive warm up" such as applying heat pads or taking a hot
939:
might be at risk. The very rare reports of growth plate fractures in children who trained with weights occurred as a result of inadequate supervision, improper form or excess weight, and there have been no reports of injuries to growth plates in youth training programs that followed established
325:
For trained individuals, rest of 2–4 minutes is sufficient to maximize strength gain, compared to shorter intervals 20s-60s and longer intervals of 5 minutes. Intervals of greater than 5 minutes have not been studied. Starting at 2 minutes and progressively decreasing the rest interval over the
321:
For untrained individuals (no previous resistance training experience), the effect of resting on muscular strength development is small and other factors such as volitional fatigue and discomfort, cardiac stress, and the time available for training may be more important. Moderate rest intervals
295:
Intentionally slowing down the movement tempo of each repetition can increase muscle activation for a given number of repetitions. However, the maximum number of repetitions and the maximum possible load for a given number of repetitions decreases as the tempo is slowed. Some trainers calculate
241:
is often used. This involves deeply inhaling and then bracing down with the abdominal and lower back muscles as the air is held in during the entire rep. Air is then expelled once the rep is done, or after a number of reps is done. The
Valsalva maneuver leads to an increase in intrathoracic and
221:
In weight training, as with most forms of exercise, there is a tendency for the breathing pattern to deepen. This helps to meet increased oxygen requirements. One approach to breathing during weight training consists of avoiding holding one's breath and breathing shallowly. The benefits of this
609:
However, a much more accurate determination of how much fluid is necessary can be made by performing appropriate weight measurements before and after a typical exercise session, to determine how much fluid is lost during the workout. The greatest source of fluid loss during exercise is through
250:
Training volume is commonly defined as sets × reps × load. That is, an individual moves a certain load for some number of repetitions, rests, and repeats this for some number of sets, and the volume is the product of these numbers. For non-weightlifting exercises, the load may be replaced with
828:
The genealogy of lifting can be traced back to the beginning of recorded history where humanity's fascination with physical abilities can be found among numerous ancient writings. In many prehistoric tribes, they would have a big rock they would try to lift, and the first one to lift it would
382:
A training split refers to how the trainee divides and schedules their training volume, or in other words which muscles are trained on a given day over a period of time (usually a week). Popular training splits include full body, upper/lower, push/pull/legs, and the "bro" split. Some training
506:
Except in the extremes, a muscle will fire fibres of both the aerobic or anaerobic types on any given exercise, in varying ratio depending on the load on the intensity of the contraction. This is known as the energy system continuum. At higher loads, the muscle will recruit all muscle fibres
4716:
Costa, Rochelle Rocha; Buttelli, Adriana
Cristine Koch; Vieira, Alexandra Ferreira; Coconcelli, Leandro; Magalhães, Rafael de Lima; Delevatti, Rodrigo Sudatti; Kruel, Luiz Fernando Martins (1 June 2019). "Effect of Strength Training on Lipid and Inflammatory Outcomes: Systematic Review With
4324:
Wewege, Michael A.; Desai, Imtiaz; Honey, Cameron; Coorie, Brandon; Jones, Matthew D.; Clifford, Briana K.; Leake, Hayley B.; Hagstrom, Amanda D. (February 2022). "The Effect of
Resistance Training in Healthy Adults on Body Fat Percentage, Fat Mass and Visceral Fat: A Systematic Review and
3502:
PEREIRA, Ericson; MOYSES, Samuel Jorge; IGNÁCIO, Sérgio
Aparecido; MENDES, Daniel Komarchewski; SILVA, Diego Sgarbi D. A.; CARNEIRO, Everdan; HARDY, Ana Maria Trindade Grégio; ROSA, Edvaldo Antônio Ribeiro; BETTEGA, Patrícia Vida Cassi; JOHANN, Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues (2019).
278:
Endurance: Endurance may be trained by performing many repetitions, such as 15 or more per set. The NCSA recommends "light" loads below 60% of 1RM, but some studies have found conflicting results suggesting that "moderate" 15-20RM loads may work better when performed to
139:
are overloaded by working against as high resistance as they are capable of. They respond by growing larger and stronger. Beginning strength-trainers are in the process of training the neurological aspects of strength, the ability of the brain to generate a rate of
864:
Ancient Greek sculptures also depict lifting feats. The weights were generally stones, but later gave way to dumbbells. The dumbbell was joined by the barbell in the later half of the 19th century. Early barbells had hollow globes that could be filled with
266:(1RM). Due to muscle failure, the intensity limits the maximum number of repetitions that can be carried out in one set, and is correlated with the repetition ranges chosen. Depending on the goal, different loads and repetition amounts may be appropriate:
5050:
Jones, Matthew D.; Wewege, Michael A.; Hackett, Daniel A.; Keogh, Justin W. L.; Hagstrom, Amanda D. (2021). "Sex
Differences in Adaptations in Muscle Strength and Size Following Resistance Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis".
209:
injury prevention program has emerged, and it is unclear if warm ups designed for these areas will also be applicable to strength training. Static stretching can increase the risk of injury due to its analgesic effect and cellular damage caused by it.
4885:
The genealogy of lifting traces back to the beginning of recorded history where man's fascination with physical prowess can be found among numerous ancient writings. A 5,000-year-old
Chinese text tells of prospective soldiers having to pass lifting
185:
Maintaining proper form is one of the many steps in order to perfectly perform a certain technique. Correct form in weight training improves strength, muscle tone, and maintaining a healthy weight. Improper form can lead to strains and fractures.
270:
Strength development (1RM performance): Gains may be achieved with a variety of loads. However, training efficiency is maximized by using heavy loads (80% to 100% of 1RM). The number of repetitions is secondary and may be 1 to 5 repetitions per
549:
A light, balanced meal prior to the workout (usually one to two hours beforehand) ensures that adequate energy and amino acids are available for the intense bout of exercise. The type of nutrients consumed affects the response of the body, and
735:
expression), and white matter-related structural and functional changes in neuroanatomy. Although resistance training has been less studied for its effect on depression than aerobic exercise, it has shown benefits compared to no intervention.
274:
Muscle growth (hypertrophy): Hypertrophy can be maximized by taking sets to failure or close to failure. Any load 30% of 1RM or greater may be used. The NCSA recommends "medium" loads of 8 to 12 repetitions per set with 60% to 80% of
2737:
Grandou, Clementine; Wallace, Lee; Impellizzeri, Franco M.; Allen, Nicholas G.; Coutts, Aaron J. (April 2020). "Overtraining in
Resistance Exercise: An Exploratory Systematic Review and Methodological Appraisal of the Literature".
4272:
Figueroa, Arturo; Okamoto, Takanobu; Jaime, Salvador J.; Fahs, Christopher A. (March 2019). "Impact of high- and low-intensity resistance training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in adults across the lifespan: a review".
2450:
Campos GE, Luecke TJ, Wendeln HK, Toma K, Hagerman FC, Murray TF, et al. (November 2002). "Muscular adaptations in response to three different resistance-training regimens: specificity of repetition maximum training zones".
308:
For muscle growth, a training frequency of two sessions per week had greater effects than once per week. Whether training a muscle group three times per week is superior to a twice-per-week protocol remains to be determined.
205:
shower, and workout-specific warm up, such as rehearsal of the intended exercise with no weights or light weights. The intended purpose of warming up is to enhance exercise effectiveness and reduce the risk of injury.
519:
which alter the LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) isoenzyme complex composition and decreases the activity of the lactate generating enzyme LDHA, while increasing the activity of the lactate metabolizing enzyme LDHB.
3140:
Morton, Robert W; Murphy, Kevin T; McKellar, Sean R; Schoenfeld, Brad J; Henselmans, Menno; Helms, Eric; Aragon, Alan A; Devries, Michaela C; Banfield, Laura; Krieger, James W; Phillips, Stuart M (March 2018).
398:
older individuals, there is little information to guide exercise selection, but exercises can be selected on the basis of specific functional capabilities as well as the safety and efficiency of the exercises.
1994:
Grgic, Jozo; Schoenfeld, Brad J; Skrepnik, Mislav; Davies, Timothy B; Mikulic, Pavle (2018). "Effects of Rest
Interval Duration in Resistance Training on Measures of Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review".
679:
Strength training appears to be associated with a "10–17% lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), total cancer, diabetes and lung cancer". Two key outcomes of strength training are
554:
whereby protein and carbohydrates are consumed prior to and after workout has a beneficial impact on muscle growth. Water is consumed throughout the course of the workout to prevent poor performance due to
356:
increasing the intensity on a weekly basis. This is conceptually a parallel model, as several exercises are done each day and thus multiple muscles are developed simultaneously. It is also sometimes called
4120:
Fisher, James P.; Steele, James; Gentil, Paulo; Giessing, Jürgen; Westcott, Wayne L. (1 December 2017). "A minimal dose approach to resistance training for the older adult; the prophylactic for aging".
956:(those above age 85) can increase their muscle mass with a resistance training program, although to a lesser degree than younger individuals. With more strength older adults have better health, better
563:
lost during the exercise period. If consuming recovery drink after a workout, to maximize muscle protein anabolism, it is suggested that the recovery drink contain glucose (dextrose), protein (usually
5389:"Effects of resistance training, endurance training and whole-body vibration on lean body mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older people: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"
1588:
Schoenfeld, Brad J; Ogborn, Dan; Krieger, James W (2017). "Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
122:
and cardiac function; and reduce the risk of injury in athletes and the elderly. For many sports and physical activities, strength training is central or is used as part of their training regimen.
259:
required to achieve the activity. Training volume is one of the most critical variables in the effectiveness of strength training. There is a positive relationship between volume and hypertrophy.
606:
Some athletic trainers advise athletes to drink about 7 imperial fluid ounces (200 mL) every 15 minutes while exercising, and about 80 imperial fluid ounces (2.3 L) throughout the day.
1849:
Schoenfeld, Brad J.; Ogborn, Dan I.; Krieger, James W. (April 2015). "Effect of Repetition Duration During Resistance Training on Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".
2399:
Williams, Tyler D.; Tolusso, Danilo V.; Fedewa, Michael V.; Esco, Michael R. (2017). "Comparison of Periodized and Non-Periodized Resistance Training on Maximal Strength: A Meta-Analysis".
1025:
Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Ogborn D, Krieger JW (December 2017). "Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations Between Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis".
1942:
Schoenfeld, Brad J.; Ogborn, Dan; Krieger, James W. (21 April 2016). "Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".
4994:
3143:"A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults"
2694:
Mannarino, P; Matta, T; Lima, J; Simão, R; Freitas de Salles, B (1 October 2021). "Single-Joint Exercise Results in Higher Hypertrophy of Elbow Flexors Than Multijoint Exercise".
707:
percentage, body fat mass and visceral fat, which is usually beneficial as obesity predisposes towards several chronic diseases and e.g. body fat distribution is one predictor of
1373:"The effectiveness of neuromuscular warm-up strategies, that require no additional equipment, for preventing lower limb injuries during sports participation: a systematic review"
368:
better strength improvements on 1RM than non-periodized training. For hypertrophy, it appears that daily undulating periodization has similar effect to more traditional models.
4492:
Chow, Zi-Siong; Moreland, Ashleigh T.; Macpherson, Helen; Teo, Wei-Peng (December 2021). "The Central Mechanisms of Resistance Training and Its Effects on Cognitive Function".
636:
The effects of strength training include greater muscular strength, improved muscle tone and appearance, increased endurance, cardiovascular health, and enhanced bone density.
3926:"Progressive resistance training for improving health-related outcomes in people at risk of fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
4057:"Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies"
902:. Since the late 1990s, increasing numbers of women have taken up weight training; currently, nearly one in five U.S. women engage in weight training on a regular basis.
2073:
de Souza, Tácito P; Fleck, Steven J; Simão, Roberto; Dubas, João P; Pereira, Benedito; de Brito Pacheco, Elisa M; da Silva, Antonio C; de Oliveira, Paulo R (July 2010).
5436:
Csapo, R.; Alegre, L. M. (24 August 2015). "Effects of resistance training with moderate vs heavy loads on muscle mass and strength in the elderly: A meta-analysis".
1463:
McMillian, Danny J.; Moore, Josef H.; Hatler, Brian S.; Taylor, Dean C. (2006). "Dynamic vs. Static-Stretching Warm Up: The Effect on Power and Agility Performance".
776:
Stronger muscles improve performance in a variety of sports. Sport-specific training routines are used by many competitors. These often specify that the speed of
4864:
174:', performing the movements with the appropriate muscle group, and not transferring the weight to different body parts in order to move greater weight (called '
5504:
4435:"Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements - a systematic review"
1893:
1748:"Effects of resistance training performed to repetition failure or non-failure on muscular strength and hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
3080:"Skeletal muscle PGC-1α controls whole-body lactate homeostasis through estrogen-related receptor α-dependent activation of LDH B and repression of LDH A"
2624:
Ribeiro, Alex S.; Nunes, João Pedro; Schoenfeld, Brad J. (June 2020). "Selection of Resistance Exercises for Older Individuals: The Forgotten Variable".
2496:"Effects of linear and daily undulating periodized resistance training programs on measures of muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1110:
In the first picture, the knees are too close and get twisted. For appropriate muscular development and safety the knee should be in line with the foot.
305:
a fatigue recovery effect where splitting the same volume of training across multiple days improves gains, but this must be verified by future research.
5116:
3709:
2239:"Repeated Bouts of Advanced Strength Training Techniques: Effects on Volume Load, Metabolic Responses, and Muscle Activation in Trained Individuals"
25:
A gym environment where various forms of strength training are being practiced. Identified from left to right, the exercises are: overhead presses,
5238:
4926:
1231:
5150:
4172:
Kraemer, Robert R.; Castracane, V. Daniel (February 2015). "Endocrine alterations from concentric vs. eccentric muscle actions: a brief review".
52:, involves the performance of physical exercises that are designed to improve strength and endurance. It is often associated with the lifting of
4799:"The effectiveness of exercise interventions to prevent sports injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"
2584:
2124:"What influence does resistance exercise order have on muscular strength gains and muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis"
6409:
720:
3570:
6176:
2038:
Gonzalez, Adam M. (December 2016). "Effect of Interset Rest Interval Length on Resistance Exercise Performance and Muscular Adaptation".
3924:
Ponzano M, Rodrigues IB, Hosseini Z, Ashe MC, Butt DA, Chilibeck PD, Stapleton J, Thabane L, Wark JD, Giangregorio LM (February 2021).
5237:
Fragala, Maren S.; Cadore, Eduardo L.; Dorgo, Sandor; Izquierdo, Mikel; Kraemer, William J.; Peterson, Mark D.; Ryan, Eric D. (2019).
5497:
2339:"The effects of traditional, superset, and tri-set resistance training structures on perceived intensity and physiological responses"
2122:
Nunes, João Pedro; Grgic, Jozo; Cunha, Paolo M; Ribeiro, Alex S; Schoenfeld, Brad J; de Salles, Belmiro F; Cyrino, Edilson S (2021).
1098:"Why strength depends on more than muscle: Neural adaptations could account for differing strength gains despite similar muscle mass"
968:. Resistance training programs are safe for older adults, can be adapted for mobility and disability limitations, and may be used in
6730:
6384:
5189:
3663:
American College of Sports Medicine; Sawka, MN; Burke, LM; Eichner, ER; Maughan, RJ; Montain, SJ; Stachenfeld, NS (February 2007).
2237:
Wallace, W; Ugrinowitsch, C; Stefan, M; Rauch, J; Barakat, C; Shields, K; Barninger, A; Barroso, R; De Souza, EO (6 January 2019).
801:
410:
have several variations. Some studies have analyzed the differing muscle activation patterns, which can aid in exercise selection.
610:
perspiration, but as long as fluid intake is roughly equivalent to the rate of perspiration, hydration levels will be maintained.
1205:
628:
of well-hydrated persons should be nearly colorless, while an intense yellow color is normally a sign of insufficient hydration.
603:
throughout the workout by drinking sufficient water. This is particularly true in hot environments, or for those older than 65.
3775:
322:(60-160s) are better than short (20-40 s), but long rest intervals (3–4 minutes) have no significant difference from moderate.
1892:
Grgic, Jozo; Schoenfeld, Brad J.; Davies, Timothy B.; Lazinica, Bruno; Krieger, James W.; Pedisic, Zeljko (22 February 2018).
1631:
Schoenfeld, Brad J; Contreras, Bret; Krieger, James; Grgic, Jozo; Delcastillo, Kenneth; Belliard, Ramon; Alto, Andrew (2019).
3825:
2678:
2564:
1689:"Loading Recommendations for Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy, and Local Endurance: A Re-Examination of the Repetition Continuum"
1525:
1132:
1081:
2554:
671:, such as following stroke or orthopaedic surgery, strength training for weak muscles is a key factor to optimise recovery.
5490:
3292:
Cribb PJ, Hayes A (November 2006). "Effects of supplement timing and resistance exercise on skeletal muscle hypertrophy".
6874:
5294:
Christie J (September 2011). "Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults".
2783:"A systematic review on the muscular activation on the lower limbs with five different variations of the squat exercise"
659:
and reduce pain in people at risk of fracture, with rare adverse effects. Weight-bearing exercise also helps to prevent
283:
Training to muscle failure is not necessary for increasing muscle strength and muscle mass, but it also is not harmful.
4962:"NBC News article on the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report on the prevalence of strength training"
972:
settings. Resistance training at lower intensities such as 45% of 1RM can still result in increased muscular strength.
891:
of the time. Weight training became increasingly popular in the 1970s, following the release of the bodybuilding movie
76:
3398:"Hyperinsulinaemia, hyperaminoacidaemia and post-exercise muscle anabolism: the search for the optimal recovery drink"
6124:
4872:
1802:"The Influence of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy Responses: A Review"
392:
2818:
6389:
6261:
664:
5239:"Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association"
6972:
6493:
6169:
4961:
780:
during weight training should be the same as that of the particular sport. Strength training can substantially
3337:
Schoenfeld, Brad Jon; Aragon, Alan; Wilborn, Colin; Urbina, Stacie L; Hayward, Sara E; Krieger, James (2017).
1894:"Effect of Resistance Training Frequency on Gains in Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
1264:"No Time to Lift? Designing Time-Efficient Training Programs for Strength and Hypertrophy: A Narrative Review"
6753:
5214:
5175:
2781:
Gene-Morales, Javier; Flandez, Jorge; Juesas, Alvaro; Gargallo, Pedro; Miñana, Iván; Colado, Juan C. (2020).
535:
strength, with the caveat that "Increasing age reduces… the efficacy of protein supplementation during RET."
5124:
3646:
3505:"Prevalence and profile of users and non-users of anabolic steroids among resistance training practitioners"
1543:"The Valsalva maneuver: its effect on intra-abdominal pressure and safety issues during resistance exercise"
1000:
2290:"The Effect of an Upper-Body Agonist-Antagonist Resistance Training Protocol on Volume Load and Efficiency"
2176:"Maximizing Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review of Advanced Resistance Training Techniques and Methods"
3193:
2075:"Comparison Between constant and decreasing rest intervals: influence on maximal strength and hypertrophy"
7111:
6045:
4659:
Zhao, Jin-Lei; Jiang, Wan-Ting; Wang, Xing; Cai, Zhi-Dong; Liu, Zu-Hong; Liu, Guo-Rong (September 2020).
7101:
7096:
6579:
6462:
6162:
4923:
3571:"Short-Term Creatine Supplementation and Repeated Sprint Ability—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
965:
4016:"Strengthening interventions increase strength and improve activity after stroke: a systematic review"
873:, but by the end of the century these were replaced by the plate-loading barbell commonly used today.
5869:
3058:
964:. Resistance training can improve physical functioning in older people, including the performance of
952:, a decrease in muscle mass and strength. Resistance training can mitigate this effect, and even the
854:
3306:
3261:
2337:
Weakley, JJS; Till, K; Read, DB; Roe, GAB; Darrall-Jones, J; Phibbs, PJ; Jones, B (September 2017).
1477:
6896:
6823:
6546:
5769:
5387:
Lai, Chih-Chin; Tu, Yu-Kang; Wang, Tyng-Guey; Huang, Yi-Ting; Chien, Kuo-Liong (17 February 2018).
761:
700:
4378:"The Metabolic Phenotype in Obesity: Fat Mass, Body Fat Distribution, and Adipose Tissue Function"
2971:
Kraemer WJ (August 2003). "Strength training basics: designing workouts to meet patients' goals".
7023:
6643:
5566:
4770:
3965:
Body JJ, Bergmann P, Boonen S, Boutsen Y, Bruyere O, Devogelaer JP, et al. (November 2011).
3705:
1097:
753:
696:
147:
that will produce a muscular contraction that is close to the maximum of the muscle's potential.
7033:
5843:
3627:
3301:
3256:
1472:
587:
mean power output was attributed to creatine's ability to counteract the lack of intramuscular
263:
3731:
1124:
7106:
6698:
6218:
6110:
899:
543:
377:
5195:. National Strength and Conditioning Association. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011
5156:. National Strength and Conditioning Association. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011
1116:
6849:
6844:
6773:
6672:
6584:
6065:
5763:
5653:
5627:
5597:
4545:"Does Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Influence Episodic Memory through Unique Mechanisms?"
3091:
3063:
2943:
877:
542:
is necessary to maximize muscle hypertrophy. Strength adaptations may not be hindered by a
495:
350:
132:
72:
57:
5340:"Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults"
2223:
2218:
1371:
Herman, Katherine; Barton, Christian; Malliaras, Peter; Morrissey, Dylan (December 2012).
337:
The largest increases in strength happen for the exercises in the beginning of a session.
8:
6987:
6964:
6891:
6788:
6616:
6589:
6574:
6541:
6486:
6436:
6404:
6291:
6281:
6095:
789:
465:
326:
course of a few weeks to 30s can produce similar strength gains to a constant 2 minutes.
3095:
2222: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the
1633:"Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy but Not Strength in Trained Men"
7008:
6977:
6944:
6911:
6864:
6677:
6660:
6399:
6394:
6344:
6253:
6223:
6105:
5910:
5799:
5603:
5469:
5364:
5339:
5276:
5094:
5032:
4846:
4750:
4693:
4660:
4641:
4579:
4544:
4525:
4469:
4434:
4410:
4377:
4358:
4306:
4249:
4216:
4154:
4102:
4089:
4056:
3991:
3966:
3901:
3868:
3844:
3801:
3609:
3539:
3504:
3479:
3446:
3422:
3397:
3378:
3365:
3338:
3315:
3270:
3229:
3169:
3142:
3114:
3079:
3039:
2996:
2920:
2895:
2876:
2863:
2836:
2800:
2763:
2719:
2673:(Fourth ed.). Champaign, IL Windsor, ON Leeds: Human Kinetics. 2016. p. 444.
2649:
2530:
2495:
2476:
2432:
2376:
2363:
2338:
2319:
2265:
2238:
2202:
2175:
2153:
2104:
2055:
2020:
1967:
1924:
1874:
1826:
1801:
1772:
1747:
1723:
1688:
1657:
1632:
1613:
1498:
1399:
1372:
1353:
1301:
1288:
1263:
1182:
1149:
1050:
961:
928:
777:
757:
708:
681:
491:
485:
469:
458:
80:
21:
4783:
4055:
Momma, Haruki; Kawakami, Ryoko; Honda, Takanori; Sawada, Susumu S. (19 January 2022).
4032:
4015:
3967:"Non-pharmacological management of osteoporosis: a consensus of the Belgian Bone Club"
3339:"Pre- versus post-exercise protein intake has similar effects on muscular adaptations"
880:
as a part of track and field, and was officially recognized as its own event in 1914.
7075:
6801:
6665:
6611:
6536:
6339:
6314:
6286:
6130:
5998:
5948:
5898:
5851:
5808:
5669:
5647:
5461:
5453:
5418:
5410:
5369:
5311:
5307:
5280:
5268:
5260:
5208:
5169:
5098:
5086:
5078:
5036:
5024:
5016:
4838:
4830:
4754:
4742:
4734:
4698:
4680:
4645:
4633:
4625:
4584:
4566:
4529:
4517:
4509:
4474:
4456:
4415:
4397:
4362:
4350:
4342:
4298:
4290:
4254:
4236:
4197:
4189:
4146:
4138:
4106:
4094:
4076:
4037:
3996:
3947:
3906:
3888:
3849:
3831:
3821:
3686:
3613:
3601:
3593:
3544:
3526:
3484:
3466:
3427:
3370:
3319:
3274:
3247:
Volek JS (April 2004). "Influence of nutrition on responses to resistance training".
3221:
3213:
3174:
3119:
3031:
2988:
2925:
2868:
2804:
2767:
2755:
2723:
2711:
2674:
2653:
2641:
2606:
2601:
2560:
2535:
2517:
2468:
2424:
2416:
2380:
2368:
2311:
2270:
2207:
2157:
2145:
2096:
2012:
1971:
1959:
1916:
1866:
1831:
1777:
1728:
1710:
1662:
1605:
1570:
1562:
1521:
1490:
1445:
1440:
1423:
1404:
1345:
1305:
1293:
1187:
1169:
1128:
1117:
1077:
1070:
1042:
981:
781:
745:
446:
238:
115:
5745:
5473:
4310:
4158:
3662:
3233:
3043:
2880:
2480:
2436:
2323:
2108:
2059:
2024:
1878:
1687:
Schoenfeld, Brad J.; Grgic, Jozo; Van Every, Derrick W.; Plotkin, Daniel L. (2021).
1617:
1502:
1357:
1324:"A systematic review of the effects of upper body warm-up on performance and injury"
1054:
131:
the point of failure. The basic method of resistance training uses the principle of
7028:
6939:
6921:
6859:
6768:
6758:
6740:
6638:
6631:
6516:
6446:
6441:
6416:
6364:
6354:
6324:
6266:
6200:
6034:
6028:
5978:
5972:
5928:
5922:
5832:
5522:
5445:
5400:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5303:
5250:
5068:
5060:
5006:
4850:
4820:
4810:
4779:
4726:
4688:
4672:
4615:
4574:
4556:
4501:
4464:
4446:
4405:
4389:
4334:
4282:
4244:
4228:
4181:
4130:
4084:
4068:
4027:
3986:
3978:
3937:
3896:
3880:
3839:
3813:
3676:
3585:
3534:
3516:
3474:
3458:
3417:
3409:
3382:
3360:
3350:
3311:
3266:
3205:
3194:"Carbohydrate restriction: Friend or foe of resistance-based exercise performance?"
3164:
3154:
3109:
3099:
3027:
3023:
3000:
2980:
2915:
2907:
2858:
2848:
2795:
2790:
2782:
2747:
2703:
2633:
2596:
2525:
2507:
2460:
2408:
2358:
2350:
2301:
2260:
2250:
2197:
2187:
2135:
2086:
2047:
2004:
1951:
1928:
1908:
1858:
1821:
1813:
1767:
1759:
1718:
1700:
1652:
1644:
1597:
1554:
1482:
1435:
1394:
1384:
1335:
1283:
1275:
1177:
1161:
1034:
884:
814:
583:
529:
499:
407:
163:
144:
88:
84:
30:
4943:
4898:
4185:
2140:
2123:
1601:
684:
and muscular strength gain which are associated with reduced all-cause mortality.
7065:
7018:
7003:
6929:
6881:
6806:
6796:
6708:
6606:
6601:
6526:
6431:
6421:
6349:
6296:
6120:
5681:
5255:
5073:
5011:
4930:
4815:
4798:
4620:
4603:
4072:
3681:
3664:
3159:
2707:
2306:
2289:
2091:
2074:
2051:
1648:
1558:
1340:
1323:
1232:"Influence of Active and Passive Warming up on Motor Performance of the Athletes"
1038:
969:
957:
728:
656:
588:
551:
468:
do not require any equipment, and others may be performed with equipment such as
454:
435:
431:
256:
171:
95:
6054:
4134:
2832:
1165:
7013:
6982:
6839:
6811:
6778:
6763:
6655:
6626:
6561:
6551:
6479:
6334:
5757:
5687:
5638:
5615:
5543:
5064:
4995:"Sex Differences in Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
4505:
4338:
3084:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2751:
2637:
1817:
1763:
1279:
842:
838:
692:
418:
Commonly used equipment for resistance training include free weights—including
262:
The load or intensity is often normalized as the percentage of an individual's
223:
5482:
4451:
4286:
3982:
3521:
3209:
2853:
2464:
2412:
2354:
2008:
1955:
1912:
1862:
931:
specialists used to recommend that children avoid weight training because the
644:
Strength training also provides functional benefits. Stronger muscles improve
7090:
7054:
6906:
6869:
6720:
6703:
6621:
5960:
5820:
5675:
5579:
5457:
5414:
5264:
5082:
5020:
4834:
4797:
Lauersen, Jeppe Bo; Bertelsen, Ditte Marie; Andersen, Lars Bo (1 June 2014).
4738:
4684:
4629:
4570:
4561:
4513:
4460:
4401:
4346:
4294:
4240:
4217:"Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
4193:
4142:
4080:
3892:
3835:
3597:
3589:
3530:
3470:
3462:
3413:
3217:
2837:"Effects of Flywheel Training on Strength-Related Variables: a Meta-analysis"
2610:
2521:
2420:
1714:
1566:
1173:
1112:
849:
on his back every day until it was fully grown. Another Greek, the physician
846:
749:
621:
614:
575:
53:
5751:
5725:
5405:
5388:
4232:
3104:
2984:
2896:"Flywheel Training in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: A Clinical Commentary"
1542:
1389:
915:
Men and women have similar reactions to resistance training with comparable
663:
and to improve bone strength in those with osteoporosis. For many people in
6854:
6816:
6748:
6648:
6319:
6276:
6100:
6090:
6010:
5863:
5465:
5422:
5373:
5315:
5272:
5090:
5028:
4842:
4746:
4730:
4702:
4637:
4588:
4521:
4478:
4433:
Herold, Fabian; Törpel, Alexander; Schega, Lutz; Müller, Notger G. (2019).
4419:
4354:
4302:
4258:
4201:
4150:
4098:
4041:
4000:
3951:
3910:
3853:
3690:
3605:
3548:
3488:
3431:
3374:
3323:
3278:
3225:
3178:
3123:
3035:
2992:
2929:
2911:
2872:
2759:
2715:
2645:
2539:
2472:
2428:
2372:
2315:
2274:
2211:
2192:
2149:
2100:
2016:
1963:
1920:
1870:
1835:
1781:
1732:
1666:
1609:
1574:
1494:
1408:
1349:
1297:
1191:
1046:
932:
893:
810:
724:
660:
645:
539:
403:
234:
179:
107:
26:
4602:
Aagaard, Per; Bojsen-Møller, Jens; Lundbye-Jensen, Jesper (October 2020).
3942:
3925:
3077:
3014:
Knuttgen HG (March 2003). "What is exercise? A primer for practitioners".
2255:
1705:
1449:
233:
On the other hand, for people working with extremely heavy loads (such as
175:
6725:
6693:
6426:
6115:
6073:
5875:
5693:
5659:
5549:
5531:
916:
785:
765:
600:
556:
473:
427:
65:
4825:
3867:
Tieland, Michael; Trouwborst, Inez; Clark, Brian C. (19 November 2017).
639:
617:
do not offer a physiological benefit over water during weight training.
222:
include protecting against a lack of oxygen, passing out, and increased
6954:
6531:
6521:
6359:
5939:
5788:
5713:
5621:
5609:
4768:
Phillips N (1997). "Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning".
4543:
Loprinzi, Paul D.; Moore, Damien; Loenneke, Jeremy P. (December 2020).
3884:
3355:
2512:
953:
949:
818:
668:
591:. Creatine does not have an effect on fatigue or maximum power output.
516:
494:. Even while training at a lower intensity (training loads of ~20-RM),
329:
Regarding older individuals, a 1 minute rest is sufficient in females.
227:
201:
195:
111:
61:
34:
5449:
4971:
4924:
From Milo to Milo: A History of Barbells, Dumbbells, and Indian Clubs.
4676:
4393:
3817:
6022:
5989:
5966:
5916:
5814:
5665:
5591:
5570:
5537:
3078:
Summermatter S, Santos G, Pérez-Schindler J, Handschin C (May 2013).
2494:
Grgic, Jozo; Mikulic, Pavle; Podnar, Hrvoje; Pedisic, Zeljko (2017).
870:
688:
419:
1746:
Grgic, Jozo; Schoenfeld, Brad J; Orazem, John; Sabol, Filip (2022).
1486:
1206:"Weight training: Do's and don'ts of proper technique - Mayo Clinic"
674:
6886:
6713:
6569:
6329:
6238:
6208:
6185:
6016:
6004:
5954:
5904:
5890:
5857:
4966:
2585:"Strength and Conditioning Exercise Selection in Speed Development"
1262:
Iversen, VM; Norum, M; Schoenfeld, BJ; Fimland, MS (October 2021).
858:
834:
704:
579:
560:
423:
160:
155:
103:
56:. It can also incorporate a variety of training techniques such as
4601:
2288:
Robbins, Daniel W; Young, Warren B; Behm, David G (October 2010).
829:
inscribe their name into the stone. Such rocks have been found in
6949:
6243:
6233:
6213:
5780:
5736:
5719:
5585:
5555:
3192:
Cholewa, Jason M.; Newmire, Daniel E.; Zanchi, Nelo Eidy (2019).
2780:
2180:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2174:
Krzysztofik, M; Wilk, M; Wojdała, G; Gołaś, A (4 December 2019).
1424:"Electromyographic investigation of muscle stretching techniques"
1322:
McCrary, J Matt; Ackermann, Bronwen J; Halaki, Mark (July 2015).
822:
568:
450:
442:
3578:
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
2944:"19 Bodyweight Exercises You Can Do At Home for a Quick Workout"
837:
castles. Progressive resistance training dates back at least to
567:) hydrolysate containing mainly dipeptides and tripeptides, and
6901:
6228:
5826:
5704:
2736:
1686:
1630:
830:
806:
141:
136:
99:
4993:
Roberts, Brandon M.; Nuckols, Greg; Krieger, James W. (2020).
3139:
2236:
1370:
453:
from weights, facilitating variable resistance throughout the
360:
periodization, but this designation is considered a misnomer.
16:
Performance of physical exercises designed to improve strength
6502:
4715:
4215:
Cornelissen, Veronique A.; Smart, Neil A. (1 February 2013).
3336:
2835:; Wernstål, Fredrik; Mattsson, C. Mikael (13 December 2018).
1993:
1891:
1261:
1072:
Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Applications
850:
649:
625:
479:
119:
3923:
1148:
Hughes, David C.; Ellefsen, Stian; Baar, Keith (June 2018).
1024:
691:
responses that could have positive effects. It also reduces
6934:
6154:
5236:
2173:
1800:
Wilk, Michal; Zajac, Adam; Tufano, James J. (August 2021).
936:
866:
732:
564:
4119:
3501:
2559:. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics Publishers. p. 161.
1745:
1462:
652:, and reduce the risk of injury from everyday activities.
6135:
5886:
4796:
4491:
3964:
2556:
Science and Practice of Strength Training, Second Edition
2493:
2398:
888:
6471:
5438:
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
4432:
4271:
4054:
73:
progressively increasing the force output of the muscles
5049:
2693:
2449:
2072:
1941:
1848:
1587:
620:
Insufficient hydration may cause lethargy, soreness or
406:
and training maladaptation. Many exercises such as the
4604:"Assessment of Neuroplasticity With Strength Training"
4323:
3866:
3445:
Butts, Jessica; Jacobs, Bret; Silvis, Matthew (2017).
2623:
2121:
1520:(Fourth ed.). Leeds: Human Kinetics. p. 12.
1321:
1236:
International Journal of Sports Sciences & Fitness
923:
655:
Progressive resistance training may improve function,
170:
Strength training also requires the use of proper or '
4992:
4542:
3732:""Drink at Least 8 Glasses of Water a Day" - Really?"
2831:
640:
Bones, joints, frailty, posture and in people at risk
3776:"Strength training: Get stronger, leaner, healthier"
3191:
5243:
The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research
4999:
The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research
3761:
3759:
1111:
876:Weightlifting was first introduced in the Olympics
723:– likely including functional brain changes, lower
719:Strength training also leads to various beneficial
599:As with other sports, weight trainers should avoid
3569:Glaister, Mark; Rhodes, Lauren (1 November 2022).
2336:
1541:Hackett, Daniel A.; Chow, Chin-Moi (August 2013).
1147:
1069:
853:, described strength training exercises using the
739:
125:
4871:. United States Olympic Committee. Archived from
4171:
3444:
2552:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1465:The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
675:Mortality, longevity, muscle and body composition
7088:
6145:(c) – compound exercise, (i) – isolated exercise
4658:
4214:
4013:
3799:
3756:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3330:
2900:International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
2671:Essentials of strength training and conditioning
2287:
1230:Kar, Subhabrata; Alok Banerjee, K. (July 2013).
1229:
1150:"Adaptations to Endurance and Strength Training"
1067:
523:
5512:
5190:"Position statement: Youth Resistance Training"
4275:Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology
3800:Aguirre, Lina E.; Villareal, Dennis T. (2015).
3747:
3738:
3669:Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
1799:
1428:Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
5386:
5114:
4439:European Review of Aging and Physical Activity
3568:
2169:
2167:
1673:
1624:
1581:
1422:Moore, Marjorie A.; Hutton, Robert S. (1980).
6487:
6170:
5498:
5296:International Journal of Older People Nursing
3555:
2696:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
2294:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
2079:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
1547:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
1027:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
498:is still the major source of power, although
75:and uses a variety of exercises and types of
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5325:
4661:"Exercise, brain plasticity, and depression"
3958:
3703:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1515:
1104:
318:in the next set versus resting 1–2 minutes.
5435:
5344:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3644:
3294:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
3249:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
2578:
2576:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2164:
1540:
1421:
1154:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
6494:
6480:
6177:
6163:
5505:
5491:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5224:
4954:
3873:Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
3806:Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series
3802:"Physical Exercise as Therapy for Frailty"
3291:
3059:"Muscle Metabolism: Aerobic vs. Anaerobic"
2966:
2964:
1317:
1315:
883:The 1960s saw the gradual introduction of
714:
480:Aerobic exercise versus anaerobic exercise
5404:
5363:
5337:
5322:
5254:
5072:
5010:
4824:
4814:
4692:
4619:
4578:
4560:
4468:
4450:
4409:
4248:
4221:Journal of the American Heart Association
4088:
4031:
3990:
3941:
3900:
3843:
3680:
3658:
3656:
3538:
3520:
3478:
3421:
3364:
3354:
3305:
3260:
3168:
3158:
3135:
3133:
3113:
3103:
2919:
2862:
2852:
2794:
2600:
2529:
2511:
2362:
2305:
2264:
2254:
2201:
2191:
2139:
2115:
2090:
1978:
1825:
1771:
1739:
1722:
1704:
1656:
1476:
1439:
1398:
1388:
1339:
1287:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1181:
189:
5293:
4767:
4375:
3869:"Skeletal muscle performance and ageing"
3395:
3013:
2819:"Types of resistance training equipment"
2582:
2573:
2387:
2037:
805:
802:History of physical training and fitness
744:Moreover, it also promotes decreases in
703:) and alters body composition, reducing
490:Strength training exercise is primarily
154:
20:
5221:
5144:
5142:
4719:Journal of Physical Activity and Health
4020:The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy
3793:
2970:
2961:
2893:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1312:
7089:
5148:
3653:
3130:
3056:
2665:
2663:
2453:European Journal of Applied Physiology
2343:European Journal of Applied Physiology
1518:Designing resistance training programs
1246:
1068:Brooks GA, Fahey TD, White TP (1996).
887:into the still-rare strength training
383:programs may alternate splits weekly.
6475:
6158:
5486:
5110:
5108:
4174:Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
3246:
960:, better physical function and fewer
771:
386:
5139:
4916:
4717:Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression".
4014:Ada L, Dorsch S, Canning CG (2006).
1788:
441:Resistance can also be generated by
79:. Strength training is primarily an
4665:CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
4608:Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
2787:Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
2660:
2589:Strength & Conditioning Journal
2583:Sheppard, Jeremy M. (August 2003).
2040:Strength & Conditioning Journal
924:Safety concerns related to children
841:, when legend has it that wrestler
503:aerobic character to the exercise.
299:
13:
5117:"Strength Training and Your Child"
5105:
4803:British Journal of Sports Medicine
4061:British Journal of Sports Medicine
3706:"Busting The 8-Glasses-A-Day Myth"
3402:British Journal of Sports Medicine
3316:10.1249/01.mss.0000233790.08788.3e
3271:10.1249/01.mss.0000121944.19275.c4
3147:British Journal of Sports Medicine
2894:Wonders, Jaap (14 December 2019).
2553:Kraemer WJ, Zatsiorsky VM (2006).
1328:British Journal of Sports Medicine
910:
371:
245:
14:
7123:
905:
898:and the subsequent popularity of
393:List of weight training exercises
286:
200:Weight trainers often spend time
7070:
7061:
7060:
7048:
6458:
6457:
6262:High-intensity interval training
5429:
5380:
5308:10.1111/j.1748-3743.2011.00291.x
4933:Iron Game History (Vol.3, No.6).
4494:Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
4327:Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
3665:"Exercise and Fluid Replacement"
3016:The Physician and Sportsmedicine
2973:The Physician and Sportsmedicine
2602:10.1519/00126548-200308000-00006
2217:
1441:10.1249/00005768-198012050-00004
1268:Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
1123:. The Aasgard Company. pp.
878:in the 1896 Athens Olympic Games
344:
7071:
5338:Liu CJ, Latham NK (July 2009).
5287:
5182:
5043:
4986:
4936:
4891:
4857:
4790:
4761:
4709:
4652:
4595:
4536:
4485:
4426:
4369:
4317:
4265:
4208:
4165:
4113:
4048:
4007:
3917:
3860:
3768:
3724:
3712:from the original on 9 May 2013
3697:
3638:
3620:
3495:
3438:
3389:
3285:
3240:
3185:
3071:
3050:
3007:
2936:
2887:
2825:
2811:
2774:
2730:
2687:
2617:
2546:
2487:
2443:
2330:
2281:
2230:
2066:
2031:
1935:
1885:
1842:
1534:
1509:
1456:
1415:
1364:
1115:, Lon Kilgore (2005). "Knees".
943:
740:Lipid and inflammatory outcomes
574:Some weight trainers also take
126:Principles and training methods
94:Strength training can increase
5356:10.1002/14651858.CD002759.pub2
4865:"The History of Weightlifting"
3028:10.1080/00913847.2003.11440567
2796:10.14198/jhse.2020.15.Proc4.28
1223:
1198:
1141:
1090:
1061:
1018:
993:
845:trained by carrying a newborn
760:(CRP) as well as increases in
312:
150:
1:
5115:Dowshen S, Homeier B (2005).
4784:10.1016/s0031-9406(05)66120-2
4186:10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.024
4033:10.1016/S0004-9514(06)70003-4
3704:Nancy Cordes (2 April 2008).
3396:Manninen AH (November 2006).
2141:10.1080/17461391.2020.1733672
1602:10.1080/02640414.2016.1210197
1516:Fleck SJ, Kraemer WJ (2014).
987:
648:, provide better support for
524:Nutrition and supplementation
6184:
5256:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003230
5012:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003521
4944:"weightlifting | sport"
4816:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092538
4621:10.1249/JES.0000000000000229
4073:10.1136/bjsports-2021-105061
3682:10.1249/mss.0b013e31802ca597
3160:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608
2708:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003234
2307:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e3826e
2092:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddae4a
2052:10.1519/SSC.0000000000000257
1649:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001764
1559:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827de07d
1341:10.1136/bjsports-2014-094228
1039:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002200
594:
413:
216:
7:
5151:"Youth Resistance Training"
4135:10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.012
3765:Johnson-Cane et al., p. 153
3734:. Dartmouth Medical School.
3349:(eCollection 2017): e2825.
3067:. Vol. 18, no. 7.
1166:10.1101/cshperspect.a029769
975:
711:and related complications.
10:
7130:
5065:10.1007/s40279-020-01388-4
4506:10.1007/s40279-021-01535-5
4376:Goossens, Gijs H. (2017).
4339:10.1007/s40279-021-01562-2
3971:Osteoporosis International
3753:Johnson-Cane et al., p. 76
3744:Johnson-Cane et al., p. 75
3628:"Water, Water, Everywhere"
2752:10.1007/s40279-019-01242-2
2638:10.1007/s40279-020-01260-5
1818:10.1007/s40279-021-01465-2
1764:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.01.007
1280:10.1007/s40279-021-01490-1
1076:. Mayfield Publishing Co.
966:activities of daily living
799:
795:
731:(including some degree of
631:
613:Under most circumstances,
527:
483:
390:
375:
348:
193:
7042:
6996:
6963:
6920:
6832:
6787:
6739:
6686:
6560:
6509:
6501:
6455:
6377:
6307:
6252:
6199:
6192:
6083:
6064:
6044:
5988:
5938:
5885:
5842:
5798:
5779:
5735:
5703:
5637:
5565:
5521:
5213:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5174:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4452:10.1186/s11556-019-0217-2
4287:10.1007/s00424-018-2235-8
3983:10.1007/s00198-011-1545-x
3522:10.1186/s12889-019-8004-6
3210:10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.026
2854:10.1186/s40798-018-0169-5
2465:10.1007/s00421-002-0681-6
2413:10.1007/s40279-017-0734-y
2355:10.1007/s00421-017-3680-3
2009:10.1007/s40279-017-0788-x
1956:10.1007/s40279-016-0543-8
1913:10.1007/s40279-018-0872-x
1863:10.1007/s40279-015-0304-0
948:Aging is associated with
687:Strength training causes
538:It is not known how much
182:and muscular adaptation.
6644:Bodybuilding supplements
4562:10.3390/brainsci10120913
4123:Experimental Gerontology
3590:10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0072
3463:10.1177/1941738117737248
3447:"Creatine Use in Sports"
3414:10.1136/bjsm.2006.030031
762:high-density lipoprotein
332:
6410:Neurobiological effects
4948:Encyclopedia Britannica
4903:Encyclopædia Britannica
4899:"Weightlifting | sport"
4233:10.1161/JAHA.112.004473
3105:10.1073/pnas.1212976110
2985:10.3810/psm.2003.08.457
1390:10.1186/1741-7015-10-75
782:prevent sports injuries
754:low-density lipoprotein
721:neurobiological effects
715:Neurobiological effects
5746:Close-grip bench press
4731:10.1123/jpah.2018-0317
2912:10.26603/ijspt20190994
2841:Sports Medicine - Open
2193:10.3390/ijerph16244897
861:) in the 2nd century.
825:
264:one-repetition maximum
237:), breathing à la the
190:Stretching and warm-up
167:
38:
5406:10.1093/ageing/afy009
5074:1959.4/unsworks_83599
2256:10.3390/sports7010014
1706:10.3390/sports9020032
920:lower-body strength.
900:Arnold Schwarzenegger
809:
544:low-carbohydrate diet
391:Further information:
378:Split weight training
376:Further information:
158:
24:
6055:Side-lying leg raise
5800:Abdomen and obliques
5726:Reverse grip push-up
3647:"Metabolism Myth #5"
3064:Dynamic Chiropractic
1637:Med Sci Sports Exerc
667:or with an acquired
511:an aerobic process.
496:anaerobic glycolysis
466:bodyweight exercises
351:Sports periodization
230:and blood pressure.
133:progressive overload
106:strength as well as
58:bodyweight exercises
6437:Outline of exercise
6405:Exercise physiology
6292:Suspension training
6282:Bodyweight exercise
6096:Bodyweight exercise
3943:10.1093/ptj/pzaa221
3096:2013PNAS..110.8738S
1001:"Strength Training"
790:change of direction
470:suspension trainers
83:activity, although
50:resistance training
7112:Anaerobic exercise
6661:Physical education
6400:Exercise equipment
6395:Exercise and music
6345:Muscle hypertrophy
6254:Anaerobic exercise
6224:Endurance training
6106:Muscle hypertrophy
6048:(inside of thighs)
5911:Dirty dog exercise
5752:Close grip push-up
4929:2012-07-31 at the
4922:Todd, Jan (1995).
3885:10.1002/jcsm.12238
3356:10.7717/peerj.2825
2513:10.7717/peerj.3695
1752:J Sport Health Sci
1210:www.mayoclinic.org
857:(an early form of
826:
778:muscle contraction
772:Sports performance
758:C-reactive protein
709:insulin resistance
682:muscle hypertrophy
486:Anaerobic exercise
459:eccentric overload
387:Exercise selection
168:
87:also is a form of
71:Training works by
39:
7102:Physical exercise
7097:Strength training
7084:
7083:
7055:Sports portal
6666:Physical activity
6612:Athletic training
6595:Strength training
6547:Semi-professional
6469:
6468:
6373:
6372:
6340:Interval training
6315:Athletic training
6287:Flywheel training
6272:Strength training
6152:
6151:
6131:Flywheel training
6125:List of exercises
5942:(front of thighs)
5770:Triceps extension
5670:handstand push-up
5514:Strength training
5450:10.1111/sms.12536
4950:. 29 August 2023.
4869:USA Weightlifting
4677:10.1111/cns.13385
4500:(12): 2483–2506.
4394:10.1159/000471488
3827:978-3-318-05477-4
3818:10.1159/000382065
3645:Mark Dedomenico.
3509:BMC Public Health
3057:Griner T (2000).
2702:(10): 2677–2681.
2680:978-1-4925-0162-6
2566:978-0-7360-5628-1
2407:(10): 2083–2100.
2300:(10): 2632–2640.
1950:(11): 1689–1697.
1596:(11): 1073–1082.
1527:978-0-7360-8170-2
1274:(10): 2079–2095.
1134:978-0-9768054-0-3
1119:Starting Strength
1083:978-0-07-255642-1
982:Physical strength
885:exercise machines
821:and plate-loaded
746:total cholesterol
584:anabolic steroids
447:flywheel training
239:Valsalva maneuver
145:action potentials
116:lactate threshold
42:Strength training
7119:
7074:
7073:
7064:
7063:
7053:
7052:
7051:
6797:General managers
6699:Governing bodies
6496:
6489:
6482:
6473:
6472:
6461:
6460:
6447:Physical fitness
6442:Physical culture
6417:Exercise mimetic
6355:Physical therapy
6325:Circuit training
6219:Distance running
6201:Aerobic exercise
6197:
6196:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6156:
6155:
5992:(back of thighs)
5507:
5500:
5493:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5408:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5367:
5335:
5320:
5319:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5258:
5249:(8): 2019–2052.
5234:
5219:
5218:
5212:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5194:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5173:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5155:
5146:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5123:. Archived from
5112:
5103:
5102:
5076:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5014:
5005:(5): 1448–1460.
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4970:. Archived from
4958:
4952:
4951:
4940:
4934:
4920:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4882:
4880:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4828:
4818:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4696:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4623:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4582:
4564:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4472:
4454:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4413:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4325:Meta-Analysis".
4321:
4315:
4314:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4252:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4092:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4035:
4011:
4005:
4004:
3994:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3945:
3930:Physical Therapy
3921:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3754:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3684:
3660:
3651:
3650:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3575:
3566:
3553:
3552:
3542:
3524:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3482:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3368:
3358:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3309:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3264:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3172:
3162:
3137:
3128:
3127:
3117:
3107:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2866:
2856:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2632:(6): 1051–1057.
2621:
2615:
2614:
2604:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2533:
2515:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2366:
2349:(9): 1877–1889.
2334:
2328:
2327:
2309:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2258:
2234:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2205:
2195:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2143:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2094:
2085:(7): 1843–1850.
2070:
2064:
2063:
2035:
2029:
2028:
1991:
1976:
1975:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1907:(5): 1207–1220.
1898:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1812:(8): 1629–1650.
1797:
1786:
1785:
1775:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1708:
1684:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1553:(8): 2338–2345.
1538:
1532:
1531:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1480:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1343:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1291:
1259:
1244:
1243:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1122:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1075:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1005:FitnessHealth101
997:
815:Two Hands Anyhow
768:concentrations.
530:Sports nutrition
436:resistance bands
300:Weekly frequency
255:, the amount of
89:aerobic exercise
85:circuit training
44:, also known as
7129:
7128:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7117:
7116:
7087:
7086:
7085:
7080:
7049:
7047:
7038:
6997:Sport by region
6992:
6959:
6930:Artificial turf
6916:
6887:Olympic culture
6828:
6783:
6735:
6682:
6556:
6527:Military sports
6505:
6500:
6470:
6465:
6451:
6432:Fitness culture
6422:Exercise trends
6369:
6350:Outdoor fitness
6303:
6297:Weight training
6248:
6188:
6183:
6153:
6148:
6121:Weight training
6079:
6060:
6040:
5984:
5934:
5881:
5838:
5794:
5775:
5731:
5707:(front of arms)
5699:
5682:Rear delt raise
5633:
5561:
5517:
5511:
5481:
5444:(9): 995–1006.
5434:
5430:
5385:
5381:
5350:(3): CD002759.
5336:
5323:
5292:
5288:
5235:
5222:
5206:
5205:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5167:
5166:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5149:Faigenbaum AD.
5147:
5140:
5130:
5128:
5113:
5106:
5053:Sports Medicine
5048:
5044:
4991:
4987:
4977:
4975:
4974:on 8 April 2013
4960:
4959:
4955:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4931:Wayback Machine
4921:
4917:
4907:
4905:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4878:
4876:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4809:(11): 871–877.
4795:
4791:
4766:
4762:
4714:
4710:
4657:
4653:
4600:
4596:
4541:
4537:
4490:
4486:
4431:
4427:
4374:
4370:
4322:
4318:
4270:
4266:
4213:
4209:
4170:
4166:
4118:
4114:
4067:(13): 755–763.
4053:
4049:
4012:
4008:
3977:(11): 2769–88.
3963:
3959:
3922:
3918:
3865:
3861:
3828:
3798:
3794:
3784:
3782:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3713:
3702:
3698:
3661:
3654:
3643:
3639:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3573:
3567:
3556:
3500:
3496:
3443:
3439:
3394:
3390:
3335:
3331:
3307:10.1.1.320.6223
3300:(11): 1918–25.
3290:
3286:
3262:10.1.1.562.4723
3245:
3241:
3190:
3186:
3138:
3131:
3090:(21): 8738–43.
3076:
3072:
3055:
3051:
3012:
3008:
2969:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2906:(6): 994–1000.
2892:
2888:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2779:
2775:
2740:Sports Medicine
2735:
2731:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2626:Sports Medicine
2622:
2618:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2551:
2547:
2492:
2488:
2448:
2444:
2401:Sports Medicine
2397:
2388:
2335:
2331:
2286:
2282:
2235:
2231:
2172:
2165:
2128:Eur J Sport Sci
2120:
2116:
2071:
2067:
2036:
2032:
1992:
1979:
1944:Sports Medicine
1940:
1936:
1901:Sports Medicine
1896:
1890:
1886:
1851:Sports Medicine
1847:
1843:
1806:Sports Medicine
1798:
1789:
1744:
1740:
1685:
1674:
1629:
1625:
1586:
1582:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1514:
1510:
1487:10.1519/18205.1
1478:10.1.1.455.9358
1461:
1457:
1420:
1416:
1369:
1365:
1334:(14): 935–942.
1320:
1313:
1260:
1247:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1109:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1066:
1062:
1033:(12): 3508–23.
1023:
1019:
1009:
1007:
999:
998:
994:
990:
978:
970:assisted living
958:quality of life
946:
926:
913:
911:Sex differences
908:
804:
798:
774:
742:
729:neuroplasticity
717:
677:
657:quality of life
642:
634:
597:
589:phosphocreatine
552:nutrient timing
532:
526:
488:
482:
455:range of motion
432:weight machines
416:
395:
389:
380:
374:
372:Training splits
353:
347:
335:
315:
302:
289:
248:
246:Training volume
219:
198:
192:
153:
135:, in which the
128:
46:weight training
17:
12:
11:
5:
7127:
7126:
7115:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7078:
7068:
7058:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6985:
6983:National sport
6980:
6975:
6969:
6967:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6926:
6924:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6902:Sports mascots
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6878:
6877:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6799:
6793:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6745:
6743:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6701:
6696:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6646:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6604:
6599:
6598:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6566:
6564:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6506:
6499:
6498:
6491:
6484:
6476:
6467:
6466:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6335:Cross-training
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6205:
6203:
6194:
6190:
6189:
6182:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6159:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6070:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6058:
6051:
6049:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6032:
6026:
6020:
6014:
6008:
6002:
5995:
5993:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5976:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5952:
5945:
5943:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5926:
5920:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5895:
5893:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5873:
5870:Hyperextension
5867:
5861:
5855:
5848:
5846:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5830:
5824:
5818:
5812:
5805:
5803:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5792:
5785:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5742:
5740:
5739:(back of arms)
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5723:
5717:
5710:
5708:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5691:
5688:Shoulder press
5685:
5679:
5673:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5644:
5642:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5631:
5625:
5619:
5616:Shoulder shrug
5613:
5607:
5601:
5595:
5589:
5583:
5576:
5574:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5553:
5547:
5541:
5535:
5528:
5526:
5519:
5518:
5510:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5487:
5480:
5479:
5428:
5399:(3): 367–373.
5393:Age and Ageing
5379:
5321:
5286:
5220:
5181:
5138:
5127:on 2 July 2008
5121:kidshealth.org
5104:
5059:(3): 503–517.
5042:
4985:
4953:
4935:
4915:
4890:
4875:on 7 July 2013
4856:
4789:
4760:
4725:(6): 477–491.
4708:
4671:(9): 885–895.
4651:
4614:(4): 151–162.
4594:
4549:Brain Sciences
4535:
4484:
4425:
4388:(3): 207–215.
4368:
4333:(2): 287–300.
4316:
4281:(3): 467–478.
4264:
4227:(1): e004473.
4207:
4180:(2): 190–201.
4164:
4112:
4047:
4006:
3957:
3916:
3859:
3826:
3792:
3767:
3755:
3746:
3737:
3723:
3696:
3675:(2): 377–390.
3652:
3637:
3619:
3584:(6): 491–500.
3554:
3494:
3437:
3388:
3329:
3284:
3239:
3184:
3153:(6): 376–384.
3129:
3070:
3049:
3006:
2960:
2935:
2886:
2824:
2810:
2773:
2746:(4): 815–828.
2729:
2686:
2679:
2659:
2616:
2572:
2565:
2545:
2486:
2459:(1–2): 50–60.
2442:
2386:
2329:
2280:
2229:
2163:
2134:(2): 149–157.
2114:
2065:
2030:
2003:(1): 137–151.
1977:
1934:
1884:
1857:(4): 577–585.
1841:
1787:
1758:(2): 202–211.
1738:
1672:
1623:
1580:
1533:
1526:
1508:
1455:
1434:(5): 322–329.
1414:
1363:
1311:
1245:
1222:
1197:
1160:(6): a029769.
1140:
1133:
1103:
1089:
1082:
1060:
1017:
991:
989:
986:
985:
984:
977:
974:
945:
942:
925:
922:
912:
909:
907:
906:Subpopulations
904:
843:Milo of Croton
839:Ancient Greece
817:with an early
797:
794:
773:
770:
741:
738:
716:
713:
693:blood pressure
676:
673:
665:rehabilitation
641:
638:
633:
630:
596:
593:
576:ergogenic aids
528:Main article:
525:
522:
481:
478:
449:instead of by
415:
412:
388:
385:
373:
370:
346:
343:
334:
331:
314:
311:
301:
298:
288:
287:Movement tempo
285:
281:
280:
276:
272:
247:
244:
224:blood pressure
218:
215:
194:Main article:
191:
188:
152:
149:
127:
124:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7125:
7124:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7077:
7069:
7067:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7045:
7044:
7041:
7035:
7034:South America
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7024:North America
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6923:
6919:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6907:Sportsmanship
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6850:Entertainment
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6831:
6825:
6822:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6789:Communication
6786:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6742:
6738:
6732:
6731:International
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:Organizations
6685:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6673:Rating system
6671:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6585:Periodization
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6559:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6497:
6492:
6490:
6485:
6483:
6478:
6477:
6474:
6464:
6454:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6376:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6180:
6175:
6173:
6168:
6166:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6111:Weightlifting
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6067:
6063:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6043:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6027:
6024:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5987:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5961:Leg extension
5959:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5937:
5930:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5821:Russian twist
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5734:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5676:Lateral raise
5674:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5580:Bent-over row
5578:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5508:
5503:
5501:
5496:
5494:
5489:
5488:
5485:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5383:
5375:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5290:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5216:
5210:
5191:
5185:
5177:
5171:
5152:
5145:
5143:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5111:
5109:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5046:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4989:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4957:
4949:
4945:
4939:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4919:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4887:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4860:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4793:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4771:Physiotherapy
4764:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4712:
4704:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4655:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4598:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4539:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4488:
4480:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4429:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4382:Obesity Facts
4379:
4372:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4168:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4010:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3961:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3796:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3762:
3760:
3750:
3741:
3733:
3727:
3711:
3707:
3700:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3657:
3649:. MSN Health.
3648:
3641:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3451:Sports Health
3448:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3408:(11): 900–5.
3407:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3255:(4): 689–96.
3254:
3250:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3136:
3134:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2965:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2833:Petré, Henrik
2828:
2820:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2168:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1643:(1): 94–103.
1642:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1242:(2): 216–234.
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1099:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1006:
1002:
996:
992:
983:
980:
979:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
941:
938:
934:
933:growth plates
930:
921:
918:
903:
901:
897:
895:
890:
886:
881:
879:
874:
872:
868:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
824:
820:
816:
813:performing a
812:
808:
803:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:triglycerides
747:
737:
734:
730:
726:
722:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
647:
637:
629:
627:
623:
622:muscle cramps
618:
616:
615:sports drinks
611:
607:
604:
602:
592:
590:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
547:
545:
541:
536:
531:
521:
518:
512:
508:
504:
501:
497:
493:
487:
477:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
411:
409:
405:
399:
394:
384:
379:
369:
365:
361:
359:
352:
345:Periodization
342:
338:
330:
327:
323:
319:
310:
306:
297:
293:
284:
277:
273:
269:
268:
267:
265:
260:
258:
254:
243:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
214:
210:
206:
203:
197:
187:
183:
181:
177:
173:
165:
162:
157:
148:
146:
143:
138:
134:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
36:
32:
28:
23:
19:
7107:Bodybuilding
7046:
6845:Cheerleaders
6754:Broadcasting
6649:Sports drink
6617:Chriopractic
6594:
6575:Biomechanics
6542:Professional
6320:Calisthenics
6277:Bodybuilding
6271:
6101:Calisthenics
6091:Bodybuilding
6011:Good-morning
5864:Good-morning
5573:(upper back)
5513:
5441:
5437:
5431:
5396:
5392:
5382:
5347:
5343:
5302:(3): 244–6.
5299:
5295:
5289:
5246:
5242:
5197:. Retrieved
5184:
5158:. Retrieved
5129:. Retrieved
5125:the original
5120:
5056:
5052:
5045:
5002:
4998:
4988:
4976:. Retrieved
4972:the original
4965:
4956:
4947:
4938:
4918:
4906:. Retrieved
4902:
4893:
4884:
4877:. Retrieved
4873:the original
4868:
4859:
4826:11250/279729
4806:
4802:
4792:
4775:
4769:
4763:
4722:
4718:
4711:
4668:
4664:
4654:
4611:
4607:
4597:
4552:
4548:
4538:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4442:
4438:
4428:
4385:
4381:
4371:
4330:
4326:
4319:
4278:
4274:
4267:
4224:
4220:
4210:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4026:(4): 241–8.
4023:
4019:
4009:
3974:
3970:
3960:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3876:
3872:
3862:
3809:
3805:
3795:
3783:. Retrieved
3779:
3770:
3749:
3740:
3726:
3714:. Retrieved
3699:
3672:
3668:
3640:
3631:
3622:
3581:
3577:
3512:
3508:
3497:
3457:(1): 31–34.
3454:
3450:
3440:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3150:
3146:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3062:
3052:
3022:(3): 31–49.
3019:
3015:
3009:
2979:(8): 39–45.
2976:
2972:
2951:. Retrieved
2948:Verywell Fit
2947:
2938:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2844:
2840:
2827:
2813:
2786:
2776:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2670:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2595:(4): 26–30.
2592:
2588:
2555:
2548:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2404:
2400:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2216:
2186:(24): 4897.
2183:
2179:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2046:(6): 65–68.
2043:
2039:
2033:
2000:
1996:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1904:
1900:
1887:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1809:
1805:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1696:
1692:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1593:
1590:J Sports Sci
1589:
1583:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1471:(3): 492–9.
1468:
1464:
1458:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1380:
1377:BMC Medicine
1376:
1366:
1331:
1327:
1271:
1267:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1200:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1118:
1106:
1092:
1071:
1063:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1008:. Retrieved
1004:
995:
947:
944:Older adults
927:
917:effect sizes
914:
894:Pumping Iron
892:
882:
875:
863:
827:
811:Arthur Saxon
788:and improve
775:
743:
725:white matter
718:
686:
678:
661:osteoporosis
654:
643:
635:
619:
612:
608:
605:
598:
573:
548:
540:carbohydrate
537:
533:
513:
509:
505:
489:
474:pull-up bars
463:
440:
417:
404:overtraining
400:
396:
381:
366:
362:
357:
354:
339:
336:
328:
324:
320:
316:
307:
303:
294:
290:
282:
261:
252:
249:
235:powerlifters
232:
220:
211:
207:
199:
184:
180:neurological
169:
129:
108:bone density
93:
70:
49:
45:
41:
40:
27:battle ropes
18:
6950:Flying disc
6865:Memorabilia
6774:Sponsorship
6427:Fitness app
6390:Epigenetics
6116:Plyometrics
5876:Pelvic lift
5694:Upright row
5660:Front raise
5641:(shoulders)
5550:Machine fly
5532:Bench press
4879:3 September
4555:(12): 913.
3936:(2): 1–12.
3879:(1): 3–19.
3780:Mayo Clinic
3515:(1): 1650.
3204:: 136–146.
929:Orthopaedic
786:jump height
784:, increase
766:adiponectin
756:(LDL), and
601:dehydration
557:dehydration
428:kettlebells
313:Rest period
151:Proper form
66:plyometrics
7091:Categories
6988:Regulation
6978:Ministries
6973:Sports law
6955:Sportswear
6892:Philosophy
6802:Journalism
6714:Postseason
6632:Psychology
6627:Physicians
6590:Physiology
6532:Parasports
6517:Individual
6360:Stretching
6074:Calf raise
5990:Hamstrings
5940:Quadriceps
5844:Lower back
5789:Wrist curl
5714:Bicep curl
5622:Supine row
5610:Seated row
5199:18 January
5160:18 January
5131:18 January
4978:1 February
2953:19 October
1997:Sports Med
1113:Rippetoe M
988:References
954:oldest old
950:sarcopenia
819:kettlebell
800:See also:
764:(HDL) and
669:disability
517:PGC-1alpha
484:See also:
349:See also:
228:heart rate
202:warming up
196:Warming up
164:half-squat
118:; improve
114:, and the
112:metabolism
62:isometrics
35:kettlebell
7009:Australia
6922:Equipment
6897:Rivalries
6882:Numbering
6875:Nicknames
6824:Promoters
6807:Magazines
6769:Marketing
6759:Economics
6678:Sociology
6639:Nutrition
6267:Sprinting
6046:Adductors
6023:Leg press
5967:Leg press
5917:Leg press
5815:Leg raise
5802:(abdomen)
5764:Push-down
5666:Headstand
5654:Face pull
5628:Face pull
5598:Pull-down
5592:Muscle-up
5571:trapezius
5538:Chest fly
5523:Pectorals
5516:exercises
5458:0905-7188
5415:0002-0729
5281:198492682
5265:1064-8011
5099:229302688
5083:1179-2035
5037:214681362
5021:1064-8011
4835:0306-3674
4778:(1): 47.
4755:133606401
4739:1543-5474
4685:1755-5949
4646:220501435
4630:0091-6331
4571:2076-3425
4530:237247819
4514:1179-2035
4461:1813-7253
4402:1662-4033
4363:237551461
4347:1179-2035
4295:1432-2013
4241:2047-9980
4194:1532-8600
4143:1873-6815
4129:: 80–86.
4107:247169550
4081:0306-3674
3893:2190-5991
3836:1664-2155
3812:: 83–92.
3785:16 August
3614:251952408
3598:1526-484X
3531:1471-2458
3471:1941-7381
3302:CiteSeerX
3257:CiteSeerX
3218:0899-9007
3198:Nutrition
2847:(1): 55.
2805:242661004
2768:208869268
2724:195798475
2654:210985951
2611:1524-1602
2522:2167-8359
2506:: e3695.
2421:1179-2035
2381:253892268
2249:(1): 14.
2224:CC BY 4.0
2158:211214313
1972:207494003
1715:2075-4663
1699:(2): 32.
1567:1533-4287
1473:CiteSeerX
1383:(1): 75.
1306:235419384
1174:2157-1422
935:on their
871:lead shot
727:atrophy,
689:endocrine
595:Hydration
492:anaerobic
420:dumbbells
414:Equipment
253:intensity
217:Breathing
172:good form
81:anaerobic
77:equipment
7066:Category
6965:Politics
6945:Exercise
6912:Violence
6812:Podcasts
6764:Industry
6741:Business
6656:Pedagogy
6607:Medicine
6580:Practice
6570:Exercise
6463:Category
6330:Climbing
6239:Swimming
6209:Aerobics
6186:Exercise
6087:See also
6017:Leg curl
6005:Deadlift
5955:Deadlift
5905:Deadlift
5891:buttocks
5858:Deadlift
5781:Forearms
5639:Deltoids
5474:34659847
5466:26302881
5423:29471456
5374:19588334
5316:21884490
5273:31343601
5209:cite web
5170:cite web
5091:33332016
5029:32218059
4967:NBC News
4927:Archived
4908:19 April
4843:24100287
4747:31023184
4703:32491278
4638:32658038
4589:33260817
4522:34417978
4479:31333805
4420:28564650
4355:34536199
4311:53293149
4303:30426247
4259:23525435
4202:25467839
4159:38110163
4151:28962853
4099:35228201
4042:17132118
4001:21360219
3952:33367736
3911:29151281
3854:26524568
3716:17 April
3710:Archived
3691:17277604
3606:36041731
3549:31818274
3489:29059531
3432:16950882
3375:28070459
3324:17095924
3279:15064597
3234:58625613
3226:30586657
3179:28698222
3124:23650363
3044:58736006
3036:20086460
2993:20086485
2930:31803531
2881:56485869
2873:30547232
2760:31820373
2716:31268995
2646:32008175
2540:28848690
2481:21473855
2473:12436270
2437:41575929
2429:28497285
2373:28698987
2324:19670323
2316:20847705
2275:30621334
2226:license.
2212:31817252
2150:32077380
2109:17314141
2101:20543741
2060:58335780
2025:20767297
2017:28933024
1964:27102172
1921:29470825
1879:22641572
1871:25601394
1836:34043184
1782:33497853
1733:33671664
1667:30153194
1618:28012566
1610:27433992
1575:23222073
1503:16389590
1495:16937960
1409:22812375
1358:12818377
1350:25694615
1298:34125411
1192:28490537
1055:24994953
1047:28834797
1010:19 March
976:See also
859:dumbbell
855:halteres
835:Scottish
705:body fat
580:creatine
578:such as
561:glycogen
424:barbells
279:failure.
176:cheating
161:dumbbell
142:neuronal
104:ligament
31:planking
7076:Outline
7029:Oceania
6860:History
6840:Betting
6833:Culture
6704:Leagues
6562:Science
6552:Amateur
6385:History
6378:Related
6244:Walking
6234:Jogging
6214:Cycling
5737:Triceps
5720:Chin-up
5604:Pull-up
5586:Chin-up
5556:Push-up
5525:(chest)
5365:4324332
4851:1763077
4694:7415205
4580:7761124
4470:6617693
4411:5644968
4250:3603230
4090:9209691
3992:3186889
3902:5803609
3845:4712448
3708:. CBS.
3540:6902556
3480:5753968
3423:2465040
3383:3914278
3366:5214805
3170:5867436
3115:3666691
3092:Bibcode
3001:5384504
2921:6878857
2864:6292829
2531:5571788
2364:5556132
2266:6359665
2203:6950543
1929:3447605
1827:8310485
1773:9068575
1724:7927075
1658:6303131
1450:7453508
1400:3408383
1289:8449772
1215:13 June
1183:5983157
823:barbell
796:History
646:posture
632:Effects
569:leucine
500:aerobic
451:gravity
443:inertia
137:muscles
54:weights
37:raises.
7019:Europe
7004:Africa
6940:Caving
6870:Naming
6749:Agents
6721:School
6709:Season
6622:Injury
6602:Doping
6229:Hiking
6142:Legend
6066:Calves
5999:Bridge
5949:Bridge
5899:Bridge
5852:Bridge
5827:Sit-up
5809:Crunch
5705:Biceps
5648:Bridge
5472:
5464:
5456:
5421:
5413:
5372:
5362:
5314:
5279:
5271:
5263:
5097:
5089:
5081:
5035:
5027:
5019:
4886:tests.
4849:
4841:
4833:
4753:
4745:
4737:
4701:
4691:
4683:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4587:
4577:
4569:
4528:
4520:
4512:
4477:
4467:
4459:
4445:: 10.
4418:
4408:
4400:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4309:
4301:
4293:
4257:
4247:
4239:
4200:
4192:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4105:
4097:
4087:
4079:
4040:
3999:
3989:
3950:
3909:
3899:
3891:
3852:
3842:
3834:
3824:
3689:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3547:
3537:
3529:
3487:
3477:
3469:
3430:
3420:
3381:
3373:
3363:
3322:
3304:
3277:
3259:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3177:
3167:
3122:
3112:
3042:
3034:
2999:
2991:
2928:
2918:
2879:
2871:
2861:
2803:
2766:
2758:
2722:
2714:
2677:
2652:
2644:
2609:
2563:
2538:
2528:
2520:
2479:
2471:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2379:
2371:
2361:
2322:
2314:
2273:
2263:
2243:Sports
2210:
2200:
2156:
2148:
2107:
2099:
2058:
2023:
2015:
1970:
1962:
1927:
1919:
1877:
1869:
1834:
1824:
1780:
1770:
1731:
1721:
1713:
1693:Sports
1665:
1655:
1616:
1608:
1573:
1565:
1524:
1501:
1493:
1475:
1448:
1407:
1397:
1356:
1348:
1304:
1296:
1286:
1190:
1180:
1172:
1131:
1080:
1053:
1045:
752:(TG),
748:(TC),
650:joints
624:. The
434:, and
426:, and
358:linear
102:, and
100:tendon
96:muscle
64:, and
33:, and
6935:Balls
6817:Radio
6779:Trade
6726:Teams
6694:Clubs
6537:Women
6510:Types
6503:Sport
6308:Other
6193:Types
6035:Squat
6029:Lunge
5979:Squat
5973:Lunge
5929:Squat
5923:Lunge
5833:Squat
5668:into
5470:S2CID
5277:S2CID
5193:(PDF)
5154:(PDF)
5095:S2CID
5033:S2CID
4847:S2CID
4751:S2CID
4642:S2CID
4526:S2CID
4359:S2CID
4307:S2CID
4155:S2CID
4103:S2CID
3632:WebMD
3610:S2CID
3574:(PDF)
3379:S2CID
3343:PeerJ
3230:S2CID
3040:S2CID
2997:S2CID
2877:S2CID
2801:S2CID
2764:S2CID
2720:S2CID
2650:S2CID
2500:PeerJ
2477:S2CID
2433:S2CID
2377:S2CID
2320:S2CID
2154:S2CID
2105:S2CID
2056:S2CID
2021:S2CID
1968:S2CID
1925:S2CID
1897:(PDF)
1875:S2CID
1614:S2CID
1499:S2CID
1354:S2CID
1302:S2CID
1127:–49.
1051:S2CID
962:falls
937:bones
851:Galen
831:Greek
626:urine
464:Some
408:squat
333:Order
120:joint
7014:Asia
6522:Team
6365:Yoga
5889:and
5887:Hips
5569:and
5567:Lats
5462:PMID
5454:ISSN
5419:PMID
5411:ISSN
5370:PMID
5348:2009
5312:PMID
5269:PMID
5261:ISSN
5215:link
5201:2008
5176:link
5162:2008
5133:2008
5087:PMID
5079:ISSN
5025:PMID
5017:ISSN
4980:2007
4910:2018
4881:2018
4839:PMID
4831:ISSN
4743:PMID
4735:ISSN
4699:PMID
4681:ISSN
4634:PMID
4626:ISSN
4585:PMID
4567:ISSN
4518:PMID
4510:ISSN
4475:PMID
4457:ISSN
4416:PMID
4398:ISSN
4351:PMID
4343:ISSN
4299:PMID
4291:ISSN
4255:PMID
4237:ISSN
4198:PMID
4190:ISSN
4147:PMID
4139:ISSN
4095:PMID
4077:ISSN
4038:PMID
3997:PMID
3948:PMID
3907:PMID
3889:ISSN
3850:PMID
3832:ISSN
3822:ISBN
3787:2022
3718:2020
3687:PMID
3602:PMID
3594:ISSN
3545:PMID
3527:ISSN
3485:PMID
3467:ISSN
3428:PMID
3371:PMID
3320:PMID
3275:PMID
3222:PMID
3214:ISSN
3175:PMID
3120:PMID
3032:PMID
2989:PMID
2955:2022
2926:PMID
2869:PMID
2756:PMID
2712:PMID
2675:ISBN
2642:PMID
2607:ISSN
2561:ISBN
2536:PMID
2518:ISSN
2469:PMID
2425:PMID
2417:ISSN
2369:PMID
2312:PMID
2271:PMID
2208:PMID
2146:PMID
2097:PMID
2013:PMID
1960:PMID
1917:PMID
1867:PMID
1832:PMID
1778:PMID
1729:PMID
1711:ISSN
1663:PMID
1606:PMID
1571:PMID
1563:ISSN
1522:ISBN
1491:PMID
1446:PMID
1405:PMID
1346:PMID
1294:PMID
1217:2016
1188:PMID
1170:ISSN
1129:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1043:PMID
1012:2020
889:gyms
867:sand
847:calf
833:and
733:BDNF
699:and
565:whey
457:and
275:1RM.
271:set.
257:work
6855:Fan
6136:Gym
6076:(i)
6057:(i)
6037:(c)
6031:(c)
6025:(c)
6019:(i)
6013:(c)
6007:(c)
6001:(c)
5981:(c)
5975:(c)
5969:(c)
5963:(i)
5957:(c)
5951:(c)
5931:(c)
5925:(c)
5919:(c)
5913:(c)
5907:(c)
5901:(c)
5878:(c)
5872:(c)
5866:(c)
5860:(c)
5854:(c)
5835:(c)
5829:(c)
5823:(c)
5817:(c)
5811:(i)
5791:(i)
5772:(i)
5766:(i)
5760:(c)
5758:Dip
5754:(c)
5748:(c)
5728:(c)
5722:(c)
5716:(i)
5696:(c)
5690:(c)
5684:(i)
5678:(i)
5672:(c)
5662:(i)
5656:(c)
5650:(c)
5630:(c)
5624:(c)
5618:(i)
5612:(c)
5606:(c)
5600:(c)
5594:(c)
5588:(c)
5582:(c)
5558:(c)
5552:(i)
5546:(c)
5544:Dip
5540:(i)
5534:(c)
5446:doi
5401:doi
5360:PMC
5352:doi
5304:doi
5251:doi
5069:hdl
5061:doi
5007:doi
4821:hdl
4811:doi
4780:doi
4727:doi
4689:PMC
4673:doi
4616:doi
4575:PMC
4557:doi
4502:doi
4465:PMC
4447:doi
4406:PMC
4390:doi
4335:doi
4283:doi
4279:471
4245:PMC
4229:doi
4182:doi
4131:doi
4085:PMC
4069:doi
4028:doi
3987:PMC
3979:doi
3938:doi
3934:101
3897:PMC
3881:doi
3840:PMC
3814:doi
3677:doi
3586:doi
3535:PMC
3517:doi
3475:PMC
3459:doi
3418:PMC
3410:doi
3361:PMC
3351:doi
3312:doi
3267:doi
3206:doi
3165:PMC
3155:doi
3110:PMC
3100:doi
3088:110
3024:doi
2981:doi
2916:PMC
2908:doi
2859:PMC
2849:doi
2791:doi
2748:doi
2704:doi
2634:doi
2597:doi
2526:PMC
2508:doi
2461:doi
2409:doi
2359:PMC
2351:doi
2347:117
2302:doi
2261:PMC
2251:doi
2198:PMC
2188:doi
2136:doi
2087:doi
2048:doi
2005:doi
1952:doi
1909:doi
1859:doi
1822:PMC
1814:doi
1768:PMC
1760:doi
1719:PMC
1701:doi
1653:PMC
1645:doi
1598:doi
1555:doi
1483:doi
1436:doi
1395:PMC
1385:doi
1336:doi
1284:PMC
1276:doi
1178:PMC
1162:doi
1035:doi
869:or
701:DBP
697:SBP
582:or
472:or
445:in
48:or
7093::
5468:.
5460:.
5452:.
5442:26
5440:.
5417:.
5409:.
5397:47
5395:.
5391:.
5368:.
5358:.
5346:.
5342:.
5324:^
5310:.
5298:.
5275:.
5267:.
5259:.
5247:33
5245:.
5241:.
5223:^
5211:}}
5207:{{
5172:}}
5168:{{
5141:^
5119:.
5107:^
5093:.
5085:.
5077:.
5067:.
5057:51
5055:.
5031:.
5023:.
5015:.
5003:34
5001:.
4997:.
4964:.
4946:.
4901:.
4883:.
4867:.
4845:.
4837:.
4829:.
4819:.
4807:48
4805:.
4801:.
4776:83
4774:.
4749:.
4741:.
4733:.
4723:16
4721:.
4697:.
4687:.
4679:.
4669:26
4667:.
4663:.
4640:.
4632:.
4624:.
4612:48
4610:.
4606:.
4583:.
4573:.
4565:.
4553:10
4551:.
4547:.
4524:.
4516:.
4508:.
4498:51
4496:.
4473:.
4463:.
4455:.
4443:16
4441:.
4437:.
4414:.
4404:.
4396:.
4386:10
4384:.
4380:.
4357:.
4349:.
4341:.
4331:52
4329:.
4305:.
4297:.
4289:.
4277:.
4253:.
4243:.
4235:.
4223:.
4219:.
4196:.
4188:.
4178:64
4176:.
4153:.
4145:.
4137:.
4127:99
4125:.
4101:.
4093:.
4083:.
4075:.
4065:56
4063:.
4059:.
4036:.
4024:52
4022:.
4018:.
3995:.
3985:.
3975:22
3973:.
3969:.
3946:.
3932:.
3928:.
3905:.
3895:.
3887:.
3875:.
3871:.
3848:.
3838:.
3830:.
3820:.
3810:83
3808:.
3804:.
3778:.
3758:^
3685:.
3673:39
3671:.
3667:.
3655:^
3630:.
3608:.
3600:.
3592:.
3582:32
3580:.
3576:.
3557:^
3543:.
3533:.
3525:.
3513:19
3511:.
3507:.
3483:.
3473:.
3465:.
3455:10
3453:.
3449:.
3426:.
3416:.
3406:40
3404:.
3400:.
3377:.
3369:.
3359:.
3345:.
3341:.
3318:.
3310:.
3298:38
3296:.
3273:.
3265:.
3253:36
3251:.
3228:.
3220:.
3212:.
3202:60
3200:.
3196:.
3173:.
3163:.
3151:52
3149:.
3145:.
3132:^
3118:.
3108:.
3098:.
3086:.
3082:.
3061:.
3038:.
3030:.
3020:31
3018:.
2995:.
2987:.
2977:31
2975:.
2963:^
2946:.
2924:.
2914:.
2904:14
2902:.
2898:.
2875:.
2867:.
2857:.
2843:.
2839:.
2799:.
2789:.
2785:.
2762:.
2754:.
2744:50
2742:.
2718:.
2710:.
2700:35
2698:.
2662:^
2648:.
2640:.
2630:50
2628:.
2605:.
2593:25
2591:.
2587:.
2575:^
2534:.
2524:.
2516:.
2502:.
2498:.
2475:.
2467:.
2457:88
2455:.
2431:.
2423:.
2415:.
2405:47
2403:.
2389:^
2375:.
2367:.
2357:.
2345:.
2341:.
2318:.
2310:.
2298:24
2296:.
2292:.
2269:.
2259:.
2245:.
2241:.
2206:.
2196:.
2184:16
2182:.
2178:.
2166:^
2152:.
2144:.
2132:21
2130:.
2126:.
2103:.
2095:.
2083:24
2081:.
2077:.
2054:.
2044:38
2042:.
2019:.
2011:.
2001:48
1999:.
1980:^
1966:.
1958:.
1948:46
1946:.
1923:.
1915:.
1905:48
1903:.
1899:.
1873:.
1865:.
1855:45
1853:.
1830:.
1820:.
1810:51
1808:.
1804:.
1790:^
1776:.
1766:.
1756:11
1754:.
1750:.
1727:.
1717:.
1709:.
1695:.
1691:.
1675:^
1661:.
1651:.
1641:51
1639:.
1635:.
1612:.
1604:.
1594:35
1592:.
1569:.
1561:.
1551:27
1549:.
1545:.
1497:.
1489:.
1481:.
1469:20
1467:.
1444:.
1432:12
1430:.
1426:.
1403:.
1393:.
1381:10
1379:.
1375:.
1352:.
1344:.
1332:49
1330:.
1326:.
1314:^
1300:.
1292:.
1282:.
1272:51
1270:.
1266:.
1248:^
1238:.
1234:.
1208:.
1186:.
1176:.
1168:.
1156:.
1152:.
1125:46
1049:.
1041:.
1031:31
1029:.
1003:.
792:.
571:.
546:.
476:.
461:.
438:.
422:,
159:A
110:,
98:,
91:.
68:.
60:,
29:,
6495:e
6488:t
6481:v
6178:e
6171:t
6164:v
6127:)
6123:(
5506:e
5499:t
5492:v
5476:.
5448::
5425:.
5403::
5376:.
5354::
5318:.
5306::
5300:6
5283:.
5253::
5217:)
5203:.
5178:)
5164:.
5135:.
5101:.
5071::
5063::
5039:.
5009::
4982:.
4912:.
4853:.
4823::
4813::
4786:.
4782::
4757:.
4729::
4705:.
4675::
4648:.
4618::
4591:.
4559::
4532:.
4504::
4481:.
4449::
4422:.
4392::
4365:.
4337::
4313:.
4285::
4261:.
4231::
4225:2
4204:.
4184::
4161:.
4133::
4109:.
4071::
4044:.
4030::
4003:.
3981::
3954:.
3940::
3913:.
3883::
3877:9
3856:.
3816::
3789:.
3720:.
3693:.
3679::
3634:.
3616:.
3588::
3551:.
3519::
3491:.
3461::
3434:.
3412::
3385:.
3353::
3347:5
3326:.
3314::
3281:.
3269::
3236:.
3208::
3181:.
3157::
3126:.
3102::
3094::
3046:.
3026::
3003:.
2983::
2957:.
2932:.
2910::
2883:.
2851::
2845:4
2821:.
2807:.
2793::
2770:.
2750::
2726:.
2706::
2683:.
2656:.
2636::
2613:.
2599::
2569:.
2542:.
2510::
2504:5
2483:.
2463::
2439:.
2411::
2383:.
2353::
2326:.
2304::
2277:.
2253::
2247:7
2214:.
2190::
2160:.
2138::
2111:.
2089::
2062:.
2050::
2027:.
2007::
1974:.
1954::
1931:.
1911::
1881:.
1861::
1838:.
1816::
1784:.
1762::
1735:.
1703::
1697:9
1669:.
1647::
1620:.
1600::
1577:.
1557::
1530:.
1505:.
1485::
1452:.
1438::
1411:.
1387::
1360:.
1338::
1308:.
1278::
1240:3
1219:.
1194:.
1164::
1158:8
1137:.
1100:.
1086:.
1057:.
1037::
1014:.
896:,
695:(
430:—
166:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.