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113:. While the commonly expressed aspects of the straight edge subculture have been abstinence from alcohol, nicotine, and illegal drugs, there have been considerable variations. Disagreements often arise as to the primary reasons for living straight edge. Straight edge politics vary, from explicitly revolutionary to conservative. Some activists have approached Straight Edge with skepticism, ridicule or even outright hostility in part due to what they perceived as the straight edge movement's self-righteous militancy.
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to follow the ways of self-control. With the second wave of straight edge, these rules were used to control others. Additionally, the second wave experienced a change in music style. Where the first wave was influenced by hardcore punk, the second wave brought in aspects of heavy metal music that pushed for power and control over others. The slowing down of the music reflected the focus of individuals in their journey to self-control.
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society. However, veganism is not seen as a matter of personal purity; it is rooted in a strong belief in animal rights and rejection of the exploitation of animals. Some hold that veganism is "true straight edge", and their promotion of veganism and animal liberation has been described as evangelistic.
211:, were gaining popularity. In the early stages of this subculture's history, concerts often consisted of both punk bands and straight edge bands. Circumstances soon changed, and the early 1980s eventually was viewed as the time "before the two scenes separated". Other early straight edge bands include
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In the mid-1980s, the band Youth of Today became associated with the straight-edge movement, and their song "Youth Crew" expressed a desire to unite the scene into a movement. Vegetarianism became an important theme in straight edge during this era, starting with Youth of Today's 1988 song "No More",
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Haenfler writes that straight edge participants see veganism as an extension of the movement's emphasis on positivity, much like its preference to reserve sex for emotionally meaningful relationships. They tend to focus more on personal responsibility and focus less on confronting systemic issues in
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Its philosophy in the early stages of straight edge was to rebel through self-control. With the ability to control one's actions, a straight edge participant would be better suited to stand against the mainstream. The first wave of straight edge did not impose rules on others, and participants chose
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By the early 1990s, straight edge became a well-known part of the wider punk and DIY scene and underwent musical and political shifts. In the early part of the decade, several straight-edge punks and their bands picked up on the vegetarian and other social justice politics of the mid-1980s and began
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era, which started in the mid-1980s, the influence of music on the straight edge scene was at an all-time high. By the early 1990s, militant straight edge was a well-known part of the wider punk scene. In the early to mid-1990s, straight edge spread from the United States to
Northern Europe, Eastern
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shows two crossed gavels in the X formation. Other objects that have been used include shovels, baseball bats, and hockey sticks. A variation involving a trio of Xs is often used in flyers and tattoos. It can also be ironic, based on the fact that three Xs was popularized in cartoons and television
521:. The bands were predominantly influenced by U.S. youth crew acts like Youth of Today and Gorilla Biscuits. Members of the existing punk and hardcore scenes in the country often reacted negatively to the straight edge bands, and on multiple occasions, fights occurred between the musicians and fans.
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By the beginning of the 2000s, only small groups of militant straight edge individuals remained. Contrary to news reports that portrayed straight edge as a gang, several studies have shown that straight edge individuals as a whole are mostly peaceful people. In the 2000s, there was a growing amount
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originated as a counter-movement to straight edge among members of the hardcore scene who were frustrated by the rigidity and intolerance of the scene. This idea spread, and on Minor Threat's first tour in 1982, people identified themselves as bent, crooked, or curved edge. The counter-movement was
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While some straight edge groups are treated as a "gang" by law enforcement officials, a 2006 study found the vast majority of people who identify as straight edge are nonviolent. While the early hardcore punk scene in
Washington, D.C., often is praised for its commitment to positive social change,
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Most of the first wave of UK straight edge bands had broken up by 1991. However, a second wave began in the following years. Mostly based around
Subjugation and Sure Hand Records, this wave saw members of many of the first wave bands form new bands and begin to embrace influences from heavy metal.
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The letter X is the most known symbol of straight edge, and it sometimes is worn as a marking on the back of both hands, and it can be displayed on other body parts as well. Some followers of straight edge put the symbol on clothing and pins, and many bands aligned with the culture incorporate it
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During the youth crew era, which started in the mid-1980s, the influence of music on the straight-edge scene seemed to be at an all-time high. The branches of straight edge that came about during this era seemed to originate from ideas presented in songs, and many youth crew bands had a strong
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in the late 1970s and early 1980s and was partly characterized by shouted rather than sung vocals. Straight-edge individuals of this early era often associated with the original punk ideals such as individualism, disdain for work and school, and live-for-the-moment attitudes. The movement was
573:, but when they arrived, club management discovered that they were all under the legal drinking age and would be denied entry to the club. As a compromise, management marked each of the members' hands with a large black X as a warning to the club's staff not to serve alcohol to the band.
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In the early to mid-1990s, straight edge spread from the United States to
Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and South America. It grew around the world due to the relentless touring of youth crew bands and the ease of ordering records from American record labels via mail.
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used an X to note how many times a particular batch of moonshine ran through the still, adding irony. The term is sometimes abbreviated by including an X with the abbreviation of the term "straight edge" to give "sXe". By analogy, hardcore punk is sometimes abbreviated to "hXc".
1083:(vocalist for Minor Threat) "would read about the Nuge and the thing that really rubbed off on us was that he didn't drink or smoke or do drugs... was the craziest thing we'd ever seen onstage and here's this guy saying 'I don't get high.' We thought that was so impressive." (
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with the cover shot being two hands with black Xs on the back. The mark soon became associated with the straight edge lifestyle. It can also be used by drinking establishments to note a patron as under the drinking age, regardless of their views towards drugs such as alcohol.
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of tolerance of people who do not follow the straight edge lifestyle by straight edge individuals. In this incarnation of straight edge, the musical styles of the bands involved are more varied, ranging from a youth crew revival style to metalcore to
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both the youth crew movement of the 1980s and the vegan movement of the 1990s have drawn criticism. Straight edge has been approached with skepticism and hostility despite the less dogmatic and multifaceted character of contemporary straight edge.
513:, formed In Touch and Withstand around this time, which both morphed into No Way Out by 1990. This scene mostly was based in North East of England and Yorkshire and made up of musicians who became involved in the hardcore scene through
177:. This anti-inebriation movement had been developing in punk before Minor Threat, but their song "Straight Edge" was influential in giving the scene a name, and something of a (somewhat unwilling) figurehead. Minor Threat frontman
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Upon returning to
Washington, D.C., the band suggested this same system to local clubs as a means to allow teenagers in to see musical performances without being served alcohol. The Teen Idles released a record in 1980 called
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scene, the band eventually grew into a serious band. Following this, a number of additional straight edge bands began to form, including
XdisciplineX, False Face, Headstong, Step One and Kickback. Nicolas Royles, drummer for
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Mullaney, Jamie L. "All In Time: Age and the
Temporality Of Authenticity in the Straight Edge Music Scene." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 41.6 (2012): 611-635. Academic Search Premier. Web. 9 Feb.
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scene during the 1990s. Bands within the scene took heavily from heavy metal, and followed straight edge and vegan lifestyles. Some bands helped to pioneer the development of metalcore and then later on
108:
The straight-edge subculture emerged amid the early-1980s hardcore punk scene. Since then, a wide variety of various beliefs and ideas have been associated with the movement, including vegetarianism and
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converts were pacifists, those influenced by hardline showed a willingness to resort to violence to promote their subculture. Musically, the straight edge scene increasingly was drawing from
449:, which has been held in the Czech Republic since 2000 and draws audiences from across Europe, is linked to straight edge through its organizers and showcases prominent straight edge bands.
544:, Insist, Unjust, Rapture, Regiment, True Vision and Shrapnel. A number of musicians from other UK hardcore bands were straight edge at this time, including Jimmy and Alex Wizard from
2643:
Williams, J. Patrick; Copes, Heith (February 2005). ""How edge are you?" Constructing authentic identities and subcultural boundaries in a straightedge internet forum".
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which contained lyrics condemning the consumption of meat. This trend toward animal rights and veganism within the straight edge movement reached its peak in the 1990s.
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Europe, the Middle East, and South
America. By the beginning of the 2000s, militant straight-edge punks had largely left the broader straight-edge culture and movement.
485:, he did not identify with the straight edge label at the time. Additionally, many groups from the UK punk and hardcore scene did include straight edge members, namely
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By the late 1990s, many straight edge participants gave veganism the same degree of importance as abstinence from intoxicants, and some groups styled themselves as "
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is often credited with birthing the straight edge name and movement and in later years has often spoken out about how he never intended it to be a movement.
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Radicalism and Music: An
Introduction to the Music Cultures of al-Qa'ida, Racist Skinheads, Christian-Affiliated Radicals, and Eco-Animal Rights Militants
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Mullaney, Jamie (2007). "'Unity
Admirable But Not Necessarily Heeded:' Going Rates and Gender Boundaries in the Straight Edge Hardcore Music Scene".
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678:-style spirituality, militancy, and violence. Violent activism has been described as an "extreme minority" within the vegan straight edge movement.
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529:, an anarchist club in Bradford, West Yorkshire, as groups like Unborn, Slavearc, Vengeance of Gaia and Withdrawn performed there frequently.
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According to NoEcho writer Ethan Stewart "the closest thing to a straight edge band for much of the was Statement", a solo-project by
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Straight edge started in Washington, D.C., and quickly spread throughout the United States and Canada. By the 1980s, bands on the
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drummer Patrick "Rat" Poole. However, despite Poole being drug-free, vegan and having a massive influence on the development of
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into their names. According to a series of interviews by journalist Michael Azerrad, the straight edge X can be traced to the
338:, veganism, and straight edge. During this period, the straight edge scene birthed two major offshoots: the more conservative
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Mullaney, Jamie L. (December 2012). "All in time: age and the temporality of authenticity in the straight edge music scene".
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In 1999, William Tsitsos wrote that Straight Edge had gone through three eras since its founding in the early 1980s.
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504:, who formed in Durham, England in 1988. Despite originally being formed as a vehicle to annoy the members of the
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Williams, J. Patrick (April 2006). "Authentic identities: straightedge subculture, music, and the internet".
465:. Some groups from the scene include Congress, Liar, Blindfold, Shortsight, Regression and Spirit of Youth.
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1372:"Here's what we know about images of an allegedly foiled neo-Nazi assassination plot 'ordered by Ukraine'"
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Tsitsos, William (1999). "Rules of Rebellion: Slamdancing, Moshing, and the American Alternative Scene".
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Later bands used the X symbol on album covers and other paraphernalia in a variety of ways. The cover of
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Helton, Jesse J.; Staudenmeier, William J. (2002). "Re-imagining being 'straight' in straight edge".
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and Sober and Angry Youth, both of which are responsible for attacks on and murders of drug dealers.
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Wood, Robert T. (2003). "The Straightedge Youth Sub-Culture: Complexities of Subculture Identity".
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as social justice issues. Perhaps owing to the "DIY" ethic of the punk subculture, some advocated
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A UK straight edge scene featuring entirely new musicians developed in the 2010s as a part of the
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McPheeters, Sam; Stein, Dave; O'Toole, Jason; Baker, Brian (1987). "The Straight Edge Movement".
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569:' brief West Coast tour in 1980. The band's members were scheduled to play at San Francisco's
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Writer: David Shadrack Smith. Directors: Jim Gaffey and David Shadrack Smith (9 April 2008).
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This article is about the punk subculture. For the tool used for drawing straight lines, see
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Straight edge sentiments can also be found in the song "Keep it Clean" by English punk band
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Haenfler, Ross (July 2004a). "Manhood in contradiction: the two faces of straight edge".
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Tsitos, William (2016). "An International Comparison of the Politics of Straight Edge".
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1455:"H8000: Director Hans Verbeke on His Doc About the Belgian Hardcore Scene (1989-1999)"
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influenced by the political and social climate of its origin, around the time of the "
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was a key influence on the straight edge ideology as one of the few prominent 1970s
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Sober Living for the Revolution: Hardcore Punk, Straight Edge, and Radical Politics
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scene who were frustrated by the rigidity and intolerance in the scene. During the
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Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981–1991
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Wood, Robert T. (1999). "Nailed to the X: A Lyrical History of Straightedge".
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offshoot of the straight edge movement. Prominent Hate Edge groups include
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viewpoints. The discipline of the subculture came from a mix of leftist
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Straight edge sentiments can be found in songs by the early 1980s band
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Straight Edge Youth: The Complexity and Contradictions of a Subculture
1395:"The Straight Edge Neo-Nazi Group that Attacked a Ukrainian Roma Camp"
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Hate Edge (also known as NS or National Socialist Straight Edge) is a
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3350:
3260:
3236:
3178:
3133:
2994:
2954:
2912:
2887:
2882:
2862:
2847:
2767:
613:
Boston straight edge band Have Heart's 2019 reunion show outside the
597:
462:
359:
257:
252:
197:
117:
2185:
Haenfler, Ross (August 2004b). "Rethinking subcultural resistance".
1639:"Rapture Are Part of the Second Coming of UK Straight Edge Hardcore"
674:. Members of the Hardline movement have been described as espousing
7026:
5279:
5110:
5014:
4498:
4479:
4388:
4338:
3965:
3946:
3554:
3542:
3500:
3434:
3333:
3299:
2969:
2917:
2897:
2573:"The straight edge subculture: examining the youths' drug free way"
2545:
Straight edge: clean-living youth, hardcore punk, and social change
2222:
Straight Edge: Hardcore Punk, Clean Living Youth, and Social Change
1790:
1484:
1376:
417:
372:
90:
86:
1354:"Sober and Angry Youth - White supremacist and straightedge group"
7097:
5941:
5805:
4920:
4716:
4403:
3980:
3844:
3547:
3343:
3323:
3158:
2964:
2689:
Smith, Gabriel (June 2011). "White mutants of straight edge: the
62:
2777:
192:
song "I'm Straight", recorded in 1973, which rejected drug use.
6143:
5171:
5004:
4984:
4898:
4893:
4804:
4408:
4252:
4227:
3849:
3595:
3292:
3168:
2857:
2561:
452:
West Flanders was home to the H8000 (pronounced Hate-Thousand)
120:
began as a counter-movement to straight edge by members of the
1516:"A Look at the '80s and '90s UK Straight Edge Hardcore Scenes"
662:. The California band Vegan Reich is most associated with the
6811:
4989:
4959:
4888:
4883:
2051:
Barlett, Thomas (2006). "Study Rock's Clean, Mean Movement".
1820:. 50 minutes in. National Geographic Society. Archived from
421:
207:, such as America's Hardcore, Stalag 13, Justice League, and
23:. For the song from which the subculture takes its name, see
3205:
2772:
1805:
536:. Mostly based around Leeds, the scene produced groups like
5009:
4954:
4910:
4831:
3915:
2482:
Music Sociology: Examining the Role of Music in Social Life
617:
had the highest attendance of any hardcore show in history.
97:. The term "straight edge" was adopted from the 1981 song "
2011:
Dance of Days: Two Decades of Punk in the Nation's Capital
1058:
4267:
4242:
4028:
3488:
3338:
3163:
2937:
1786:"Have Heart's Reunion Was The Biggest Hardcore Show Ever"
500:
The first entirely straight edge band in the country was
432:
5369:
An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty
261:
short-lived, and it faded away by the end of the 1990s.
2547:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
1440:
H8000 Documentary — Anger & Distortion; 1989 - 1999
560:
Italian straight edge band To Kill performing at a club
200:
icons to eschew alcohol and other drug use explicitly.
855:
853:
851:
849:
5401:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
1193:
1191:
1034:
469:
signed and released much of the music for the scene.
73:'s excesses. Some adherents refrain from engaging in
149:, pictured in 1981, coined the term "straight edge".
1913:
1911:
1614:
Armed With Anger: How UK Punk Survived The Nineties
846:
692:
List of people who follow a straight edge lifestyle
2247:
2029:
1992:
1980:
1944:
1928:
1926:
1747:
1731:
1729:
1599:Straight Edge A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History
1533:
1218:
1188:
997:
995:
993:
920:
918:
670:, and draws connections between animal rights and
3154:List of musicians in the second wave of punk rock
2454:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.
1950:
865:
7281:
1908:
965:
963:
950:
948:
935:
933:
741:Rebel Music: Resistance through Hip Hop and Punk
654:, and became associated with the radical groups
350:. While the majority of straight edge punks and
2008:
1923:
1726:
1680:
990:
980:
978:
924:
915:
334:comprehensively advocating for social justice,
4478:
2468:
2172:Goldfein, Josh (1989). "Straight and Narrow".
2001:
1480:"Ik heb death metal nodig om gelukkig te zijn"
1209:
1154:
1152:
1150:
289:influence. Notable youth crew bands included:
5127:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
4464:
3931:
3221:
2793:
2642:
1666:"Interview with Jimmy Wizard of Higher Power"
1012:
1010:
960:
945:
930:
375:. Straight edge bands from the 2000s include
1605:
1203:
975:
427:
1704:
1702:
1147:
4471:
4457:
3938:
3924:
3228:
3214:
2800:
2786:
2332:
1242:
1176:
1007:
906:
904:
5665:Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows
5489:Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian
2542:
2507:
2219:
2184:
1968:
1956:
1866:
1759:
1554:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1308:
1272:
1248:
1213:
1182:
1170:
1028:
1016:
1001:
264:
5315:World Esperantist Vegetarian Association
2719:
2607:
2303:
2241:Punks: a guide to an American subculture
2171:
1699:
1419:
1090:
1064:
734:
608:
555:
431:
268:
141:
137:
29:
5902:You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment
2380:
2351:
2335:The Philosophy of Punk: More Than Noise
2050:
2036:. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
2027:
1917:
1902:
1878:
1783:
1720:
1708:
1611:
1542:Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985-89
1539:
1513:
1452:
1320:
1158:
1096:
1084:
1052:
910:
901:
877:
436:The Brazilian vegan straight edge band
7282:
5340:List of vegetarian and vegan companies
2479:
2238:
2009:Andersen, Mark; Jenkins, Mark (2003).
1932:
1890:
1771:
1500:
5457:Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses
5117:Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme
4452:
3919:
3209:
2781:
2688:
2669:
2570:
2146:
2127:
2095:
2063:
1686:
1636:
1431:
1119:
1107:
859:
795:
525:The main location for this scene was
346:influenced, retrospectively known as
7058:Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli
6645:A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
2773:Female Focused Straight Edge Website
2449:
2420:
2399:
2284:
1854:
1842:
1735:
1425:
1413:
1296:
1284:
1260:
1236:
1224:
1197:
1131:
1040:
984:
969:
954:
939:
895:
883:
871:
596:shows to signify alcohol or poison.
2723:Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
2672:Out of step: faces of straight edge
2611:Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
2188:Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
2106:American Hardcore: A Tribal History
2074:American Hardcore: A Tribal History
1658:
1596:
1453:Ramirez, Carlos (5 February 2019).
57:whose adherents refrain from using
13:
7325:Youth culture in the United States
5393:Reasons for not Eating Animal Food
4108:Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice
2500:
1514:Stewart, Ethan (2 December 2020).
14:
7346:
5361:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
5255:North American Vegetarian Society
3825:Animal rights and punk subculture
2807:
2756:
2571:Irwin, Darrell D. (Spring 1999).
1689:"Review: XweaponX, XweaponX Demo"
1555:Tatty-Bye, Nick (February 1990).
707:Animal rights and punk subculture
472:
7073:Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro
5208:Christian Vegetarian Association
2713:10.1111/j.1540-5931.2011.00852.x
1382:NS/WP whose agenda is anti-drug.
358:and was a founding influence on
5617:Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone
3810:List of punk compilation albums
3129:List of hardcore punk subgenres
2484:. Routledge. pp. 202–210.
1986:
1974:
1962:
1938:
1896:
1884:
1872:
1860:
1848:
1836:
1784:Bastias, Steven (8 July 2019).
1777:
1765:
1753:
1714:
1630:
1590:
1576:
1548:
1472:
1446:
1407:
1387:
1364:
1346:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1254:
1230:
1164:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1070:
1046:
1022:
830:"Straight Edge Punk | Exclaim!"
773:"Straight Edge Punk | Exclaim!"
7205:Vegetarian and vegan symbolism
5561:Moosewood Collective Cookbooks
5300:Vegetarian Society (Singapore)
5285:Toronto Vegetarian Association
5228:International Vegetarian Union
4233:National Socialist black metal
3186:(includes section on hardcore)
2696:The Journal of Popular Culture
2674:. Philadelphia: Empire Press.
2670:Jones, Raymond McCrea (2007).
2414:10.1080/13676261.1999.10593032
1993:Helton & Staudenmeier 2002
1981:Helton & Staudenmeier 2002
1945:Helton & Staudenmeier 2002
1748:Helton & Staudenmeier 2002
1687:Lopez, Jalen (21 March 2022).
1637:Scott, Tim (22 October 2016).
889:
822:
796:Krist, Josh (22 August 1996).
789:
765:
728:
1:
7220:Vegetarian and vegan dog diet
7144:Food for Thought (restaurant)
5742:Diet for a New America (film)
5521:The Benefits of Vegetarianism
5385:A Vindication of Natural Diet
5152:Vegan Prisoners Support Group
3235:
2475:. New York: Caroline Records.
2385:. Wesleyan University Press.
2053:Chronicle of Higher Education
834:Straight Edge Punk | Exclaim!
777:Straight Edge Punk | Exclaim!
646:emphasized animal rights and
604:
170:and conservative influences.
5569:The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook
4789:Seventh-day Adventist Church
3945:
2768:A straight edge news website
2224:. Rutgers University Press.
1612:Glasper, Ian (1 July 2012).
534:New Wave of British Hardcore
411:
246:
101:" by the hardcore punk band
7:
7330:Counterculture of the 1980s
7189:The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel
5609:The Sexual Politics of Meat
4727:Environmental vegetarianism
4582:Environmental vegetarianism
4175:National Socialist Movement
4091:Red and Anarchist Skinheads
3815:List of punk rock festivals
3124:List of hardcore punk bands
2435:10.1080/1367626032000068154
2002:References and bibliography
1079:reports that he and friend
925:Andersen & Jenkins 2003
697:List of straight edge bands
685:
625:
551:
402:
16:Subculture of hardcore punk
10:
7351:
5705:Making a Stand for Animals
5481:Fifty Years of Food Reform
5223:Hare Krishna Food for Life
5137:Vegan Awareness Foundation
4051:Aryan Brotherhood of Texas
3769:Second wave punk musicians
2593:10.1177/002204269902900213
2381:Pieslak, Jonathan (2015).
2262:10.1177/009145090202900209
2250:Contemporary Drug Problems
2239:Hannon, Sharon M. (2010).
749:Information Age Publishing
634:", sometimes abbreviated "
250:
153:Straight edge grew out of
132:
122:Washington, D.C., hardcore
41:(sometimes abbreviated as
18:
7197:
7131:
7050:
6782:
6360:Maximilian Bircher-Benner
6277:
5971:
5958:
5912:
5798:Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead
5723:
5689:The End of Animal Farming
5673:The Vegan Studies Project
5348:
5332:
5218:French Vegetarian Society
5213:European Vegetarian Union
5203:Boston Vegetarian Society
5185:
5087:
5073:
4854:
4770:
4697:
4690:
4640:
4567:
4549:Vegan organic agriculture
4497:
4490:
4417:
4296:
4213:Caribbean music in the UK
4195:
3994:
3953:
3802:
3764:First wave punk musicians
3756:
3644:
3573:
3273:
3243:
3116:
3071:
3020:
3013:
2815:
2366:10.1017/s0261143000008941
2028:Azerrad, Michael (2001).
745:Charlotte, North Carolina
428:Outside the United States
162:" campaign and a rise in
7113:The Sound Lounge, London
7088:Little Pine (restaurant)
6972:Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
6475:Narasinh Narayan Godbole
5649:The Bloodless Revolution
5290:Vegetarian Federal Union
5105:Food Empowerment Project
4948:List of meat substitutes
4297:Clothing and accessories
4160:Keystone State Skinheads
4075:List of peckerwood gangs
2740:10.1177/0891241612462132
2628:10.1177/0891241605285100
2543:Haenfler, Ross (2006a).
2528:10.1177/1097184X03257522
2450:Wood, Robert T. (2006).
2423:Journal of Youth Studies
2402:Journal of Youth Studies
2318:10.1177/0891243207299615
2220:Haenfler, Ross (2006b).
2205:10.1177/0891241603259809
2149:"Hare Krishna Hard Core"
2130:The Encyclopedia of Punk
722:
365:
328:
89:diet and do not consume
7235:Plant-based action plan
6982:Satchidananda Saraswati
6827:Tabitha Brown (actress)
5641:Livestock's Long Shadow
5545:Diet for a Small Planet
5449:Shelley's Vegetarianism
5260:Order of the Golden Age
4747:Replaceability argument
4617:Vegetarian Diet Pyramid
4602:Lacto-ovo vegetarianism
4507:Animal-free agriculture
2663:10.1525/si.2005.28.1.67
2472:We're Not In This Alone
2469:Youth of Today (1988).
735:Haenfler, Ross (2015).
656:Animal Liberation Front
6620:Francis William Newman
6520:Martin Luther Holbrook
5601:Diet for a New America
5553:The Vegetarian Epicure
5441:What is Vegetarianism?
5198:Bible Christian Church
5100:Beauty Without Cruelty
5095:American Vegan Society
4577:Economic vegetarianism
4258:Rock Against Communism
4185:White Aryan Resistance
4165:Vinlanders Social Club
2577:Journal of Drug Issues
2333:O'Hara, Craig (1999).
2285:Kuhn, Gabriel (2010).
2132:. New York: Sterling.
1814:"Inside Straight Edge"
1339:Anti-Defamation League
672:anti-abortion activism
660:Earth Liberation Front
618:
561:
517:and the popularity of
441:
281:
265:Youth crew (mid-1980s)
150:
35:
34:A straight edge tattoo
6957:Isa Chandra Moskowitz
6710:Russell Thacher Trall
6675:Johan Lindström Saxon
6375:Lucius Duncan Bulkley
5681:Animal (De)liberation
5465:Why I Am a Vegetarian
4732:Ethics of eating meat
3905:Timeline of punk rock
3835:Death of Brian Deneke
3445:Progressive metalcore
2950:Progressive metalcore
2511:Men and Masculinities
2128:Cogan, Brian (2008).
1540:Glasper, Ian (2009).
1438:Hans Verbeke (2019).
798:"White Punks on Hope"
666:, which espouses the
664:"Hardline" subculture
612:
559:
435:
344:Krishna Consciousness
272:
145:
138:1970s and early 1980s
53:) is a subculture of
33:
7300:Hardcore punk genres
7093:Moosewood Restaurant
6947:Moosewood Collective
6862:Crescent Dragonwagon
6770:Kathleen Keen Zolber
6435:James Elmslie Duncan
6295:Bertrand P. Allinson
5529:Living the Good Life
5417:Fruits and Farinacea
5320:World Vegetarian Day
5270:ProVeg International
4658:Fictional characters
4115:White power skinhead
4019:Friends Stand United
4004:Football hooliganism
3731:Scottish Gaelic punk
2646:Symbolic Interaction
2306:Gender & Society
2147:Davis, Erik (1995).
1616:. Cherry Red Books.
1358:Reporting Radicalism
751:. pp. 137–138.
467:Good Life Recordings
25:Straight Edge (song)
7310:Temperance movement
7305:Musical subcultures
7210:List of vegan media
7139:Cranks (restaurant)
6942:Joanne Lee Molinaro
6912:Frances Moore Lappé
6700:William O. Stephens
6695:Ernest Lester Smith
6685:Richard H. Schwartz
6670:Henry Stephens Salt
6660:Ulma Doyle Register
6595:Harry Willis Miller
6575:Alice Garrett Marsh
6530:John Harvey Kellogg
6184:James E. McWilliams
5949:The Animals' Agenda
4931:Microbial cellulose
4906:Gelatin substitutes
4869:Chicken fillet roll
4597:Lacto vegetarianism
3954:Vintage subcultures
3773:List of punk bands
2763:A straight edge FAQ
1824:on October 21, 2012
1380:. 3 December 2022.
1210:Youth of Today 1988
717:Temperance movement
632:vegan straight edge
615:Worcester Palladium
69:in reaction to the
7164:New Riverside Cafe
7154:Lentil as Anything
7132:Former restaurants
7068:Crossroads Kitchen
6997:Alicia Silverstone
6932:Hetty Lui McKinnon
6882:Carol Lee Flinders
6740:Severin Wielobycki
6450:Charles W. Forward
6305:Charles R. Attwood
6079:Caldwell Esselstyn
5585:Moosewood Cookbook
5433:The Ethics of Diet
5295:Vegetarian Society
5265:ProVeg Deutschland
4130:Blood & Honour
4103:Anti-Racist Action
4071:Public Enemy No. 1
3995:Modern subcultures
3899:List of punk films
3794:Women in punk rock
3317:Christian hardcore
2838:Christian hardcore
2657:via JSTOR: 67–89.
1905:, pp. 177–184
1893:, pp. 205–206
1403:. 3 December 2022.
1360:. 3 December 2022.
1342:. 3 December 2022.
1323:, pp. 397–414
1227:, pp. 140–141
1122:, pp. 163–165
1031:, pp. 406–436
619:
562:
442:
438:Point of No Return
282:
151:
95:prescription drugs
67:recreational drugs
36:
7277:
7276:
7078:Greens Restaurant
6962:Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
6832:Suzy Amis Cameron
6822:Edward Espe Brown
6817:Martha Brotherton
6778:
6777:
6715:Frederick Towgood
6680:James Scholefield
6625:R. E. O'Callaghan
6455:Michael Allen Fox
6430:Daniel Dombrowski
6335:George Bedborough
6320:Horace A. Barrows
6285:Phyllis B. Acosta
6179:John A. McDougall
6134:Avery Yale Kamila
6084:Gary L. Francione
6039:T. Colin Campbell
5989:Suzanne M. Babich
5886:The Game Changers
5830:Live and Let Live
5814:Forks Over Knives
5774:Peaceable Kingdom
5766:Post Punk Kitchen
5750:A Cow at My Table
5697:Vegetable Kingdom
5425:The Pleasure Boat
5409:Nature's Own Book
5377:Vegetable Cookery
5328:
5327:
5157:The Vegan Society
4970:Nutritional yeast
4850:
4849:
4686:
4685:
4607:Ovo vegetarianism
4554:Vegan school meal
4446:
4445:
4046:Aryan Brotherhood
4014:Hardcore skinhead
3913:
3912:
3830:Conservative Punk
3757:People and groups
3440:Melodic metalcore
3383:Beatdown hardcore
3203:
3202:
3149:Hardcore skinhead
3112:
3111:
2908:Melodic metalcore
2828:Beatdown hardcore
2296:978-1-60486-051-1
2139:978-1-4027-5960-4
2013:. Akashic Books.
1845:, pp. 38, 41
1623:978-1-90144-772-9
1239:, pp. 143–46
1043:, pp. 137–38
886:, pp. 141–43
874:, pp. 130–40
810:on 10 August 2011
803:Phoenix New Times
758:978-1-62396-910-3
702:National Edge Day
638:". Bands such as
580:Minor Disturbance
459:melodic metalcore
336:animal liberation
307:Chain of Strength
7342:
7250:Planetary health
7240:Sustainable diet
7230:Plant-based diet
7169:Nix (restaurant)
7083:Hiltl Restaurant
7032:Umberto Veronesi
7002:Hannah Sunderani
6977:Mathew Pritchard
6937:Tracye McQuirter
6847:Chloe Coscarelli
6785:cookbook authors
6730:Emil Weilshäuser
6605:Reuben D. Mussey
6585:William Metcalfe
6510:Philippe Hecquet
6425:Daniël de Clercq
6325:Geoffrey Barstow
6269:Sophie Zaïkowska
6159:Thomas Lepeltier
6114:A. Breeze Harper
6069:George Dornbusch
6034:Jodey Castricano
5969:
5968:
5935:Vegetarian Times
5878:Eating You Alive
5846:PlantPure Nation
5734:The Animals Film
5577:Laurel's Kitchen
5513:A Fleshless Diet
5275:ProVeg Nederland
5085:
5084:
5030:Vegetarian bacon
4943:Meat alternative
4695:
4694:
4495:
4494:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4450:
4449:
4439:Peckerwood gangs
4304:Alpha Industries
4135:British Movement
4061:European Kindred
3940:
3933:
3926:
3917:
3916:
3803:Related articles
3581:Alternative rock
3403:Melodic hardcore
3393:Digital hardcore
3388:Crossover thrash
3230:
3223:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3104:Washington, D.C.
3018:
3017:
2903:Melodic hardcore
2873:Digital hardcore
2843:Crossover thrash
2802:
2795:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2751:
2716:
2693:of abstinence".
2685:
2666:
2639:
2604:
2567:
2558:
2539:
2495:
2491:978-161205-312-7
2476:
2465:
2446:
2417:
2396:
2377:
2348:
2329:
2300:
2281:
2244:
2235:
2216:
2181:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2143:
2124:
2109:(2nd ed.).
2092:
2077:(1st ed.).
2060:
2047:
2035:
2024:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1921:
1915:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
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1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
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1809:
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1798:
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1745:
1739:
1733:
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1697:
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1684:
1678:
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1655:
1653:
1651:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1584:UK Straight Edge
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1562:Maximumrocknroll
1552:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1416:, pp. 50–52
1411:
1405:
1404:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1299:, pp. 46–47
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1110:, pp. 26–29
1105:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1005:
1004:, pp. 16–17
999:
988:
982:
973:
967:
958:
952:
943:
937:
928:
922:
913:
908:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
844:
843:
841:
840:
826:
820:
819:
817:
815:
806:. Archived from
793:
787:
786:
784:
783:
769:
763:
762:
732:
668:sanctity of life
648:environmentalism
538:Violent Reaction
527:the 1 in 12 Club
295:Gorilla Biscuits
217:Government Issue
45:or signified by
7350:
7349:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7339:
7335:Youth movements
7280:
7279:
7278:
7273:
7193:
7184:The Hollow Reed
7174:Penny Cafeteria
7149:InSpiral Lounge
7127:
7046:
6992:Miyoko Schinner
6922:Linda McCartney
6917:Deborah Madison
6887:Alexis Gauthier
6802:Carleigh Bodrug
6784:
6774:
6760:Jon Wynne-Tyson
6745:Howard Williams
6630:Josiah Oldfield
6600:J. Howard Moore
6590:Eli Peck Miller
6550:W. R. C. Latson
6540:Daniel H. Kress
6480:Jeremiah Hacker
6440:Eknath Easwaran
6420:Lenna F. Cooper
6370:Ernest Bonnejoy
6330:Sidney H. Beard
6300:Thomas Allinson
6273:
6259:Corey Lee Wrenn
6254:Kim A. Williams
6024:Will Bulsiewicz
5999:Neal D. Barnard
5964:
5962:
5960:
5954:
5908:
5854:What the Health
5725:Films and shows
5719:
5625:The China Study
5497:The Meat Fetish
5352:
5350:
5344:
5324:
5243:Meatless Monday
5181:
5177:World Vegan Day
5077:
5069:
5040:Vegetarian mark
4856:
4846:
4766:
4682:
4636:
4563:
4486:
4477:
4447:
4442:
4413:
4394:Steel-toe boots
4292:
4191:
4098:Trojan skinhead
3996:
3990:
3949:
3944:
3914:
3909:
3875:Punk literature
3870:Punk visual art
3865:Punk ideologies
3855:Punk subculture
3798:
3789:Punk filmmakers
3752:
3640:
3569:
3538:Punk pathetique
3275:
3269:
3239:
3234:
3204:
3199:
3184:Punk subculture
3174:Punk ideologies
3108:
3067:
3014:Regional scenes
3009:
2811:
2806:
2759:
2754:
2682:
2555:
2503:
2501:Further reading
2498:
2492:
2462:
2393:
2345:
2297:
2232:
2162:
2160:
2140:
2121:
2089:
2044:
2021:
2004:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1700:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1610:
1606:
1597:Rettman, Tony.
1595:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1557:"Scene Reports"
1553:
1549:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1512:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1008:
1000:
991:
983:
976:
968:
961:
953:
946:
938:
931:
923:
916:
909:
902:
894:
890:
882:
878:
870:
866:
858:
847:
838:
836:
828:
827:
823:
813:
811:
794:
790:
781:
779:
771:
770:
766:
759:
737:"Straight Edge"
733:
729:
725:
688:
628:
607:
571:Mabuhay Gardens
554:
475:
430:
414:
405:
385:Down to Nothing
368:
331:
267:
255:
249:
140:
135:
71:punk subculture
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7348:
7338:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7269:
7267:Pollotarianism
7264:
7262:Pescetarianism
7257:Flexitarianism
7254:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7201:
7199:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7135:
7133:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6952:Charity Morgan
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6927:Mary McCartney
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6902:Madhur Jaffrey
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6788:
6786:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6735:Ellen G. White
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6580:Elmer McCollum
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6560:Susan M. Levin
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6525:Isaac Jennings
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6505:William Harvey
6502:
6497:
6495:Alexander Haig
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6470:Mahatma Gandhi
6467:
6462:
6460:Peter Foxcroft
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6410:Antonio Cocchi
6407:
6405:Henry S. Clubb
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6315:Eduard Baltzer
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6290:William Alcott
6287:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6244:Sunaura Taylor
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6189:Vesanto Melina
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6154:Maxwell G. Lee
6151:
6146:
6141:
6139:Michael Klaper
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6109:Michael Greger
6106:
6104:Lewis Gompertz
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6029:Georges Butaud
6026:
6021:
6016:
6014:Yves Bonnardel
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5994:Martin Balluch
5991:
5986:
5984:Carol J. Adams
5981:
5975:
5973:
5966:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5945:
5938:
5931:
5924:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5898:
5890:
5882:
5874:
5866:
5858:
5850:
5842:
5834:
5826:
5818:
5810:
5802:
5794:
5786:
5778:
5770:
5762:
5758:Meet Your Meat
5754:
5746:
5738:
5729:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5709:
5701:
5693:
5685:
5677:
5669:
5661:
5657:Eating Animals
5653:
5645:
5637:
5629:
5621:
5613:
5605:
5597:
5589:
5581:
5573:
5565:
5557:
5549:
5541:
5533:
5525:
5517:
5509:
5505:The New Ethics
5501:
5493:
5485:
5477:
5469:
5461:
5453:
5445:
5437:
5429:
5421:
5413:
5405:
5397:
5389:
5381:
5373:
5365:
5356:
5354:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5238:Meat-free days
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5147:Vegan Outreach
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5091:
5089:
5082:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4940:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4874:Coconut burger
4871:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4827:Pythagoreanism
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4792:
4782:
4776:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4712:Animal welfare
4709:
4703:
4701:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4512:Black veganism
4509:
4503:
4501:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4476:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4453:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4435:Hooligan firms
4432:
4430:Skinhead films
4427:
4425:Skinhead books
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4288:Trojan Records
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4170:National Front
4167:
4162:
4157:
4155:Heritage Front
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4120:American Front
4112:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4068:
4066:Nazi Lowriders
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3721:United Kingdom
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3574:Related genres
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3415:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3312:Christian punk
3309:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3279:
3277:
3274:Subgenres and
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2823:Bandana thrash
2819:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2758:
2757:External links
2755:
2753:
2752:
2717:
2686:
2680:
2667:
2640:
2605:
2568:
2559:
2553:
2540:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2477:
2466:
2460:
2447:
2418:
2408:(2): 133–151.
2397:
2391:
2378:
2349:
2343:
2330:
2312:(3): 384–408.
2301:
2295:
2282:
2245:
2236:
2230:
2217:
2182:
2169:
2144:
2138:
2125:
2119:
2093:
2087:
2061:
2048:
2042:
2025:
2019:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1995:, pp. 452
1985:
1983:, pp. 456
1973:
1971:, pp. 428
1969:Haenfler 2004b
1961:
1959:, pp. 427
1957:Haenfler 2004b
1949:
1947:, pp. 465
1937:
1935:, pp. 206
1922:
1920:, pp. 183
1907:
1895:
1883:
1881:, pp. 177
1871:
1867:Haenfler 2006b
1859:
1847:
1835:
1804:
1776:
1774:, pp. 162
1764:
1760:Haenfler 2006b
1752:
1740:
1725:
1713:
1698:
1679:
1657:
1629:
1622:
1604:
1589:
1575:
1547:
1544:. p. 500.
1532:
1499:
1471:
1445:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1386:
1363:
1345:
1325:
1313:
1309:Haenfler 2006b
1301:
1289:
1277:
1273:Haenfler 2006b
1265:
1253:
1249:Haenfler 2006b
1241:
1229:
1217:
1214:Haenfler 2006b
1202:
1187:
1183:Haenfler 2006b
1175:
1171:Haenfler 2006b
1163:
1146:
1136:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1089:
1087:, p. 121)
1069:
1057:
1045:
1033:
1029:Haenfler 2004b
1021:
1017:Haenfler 2006b
1006:
1002:Haenfler 2006b
989:
974:
959:
944:
929:
914:
900:
888:
876:
864:
845:
821:
788:
764:
757:
726:
724:
721:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
687:
684:
627:
624:
606:
603:
553:
550:
474:
473:United Kingdom
471:
429:
426:
413:
410:
404:
401:
367:
364:
330:
327:
315:Uniform Choice
291:Youth of Today
274:Youth of Today
266:
263:
251:Main article:
248:
245:
213:State of Alert
209:Uniform Choice
139:
136:
134:
131:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7347:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7320:Vegetarianism
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7295:Hardcore punk
7293:
7291:
7290:Straight edge
7288:
7287:
7285:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7259:
7258:
7255:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7215:Juice fasting
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7196:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7130:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7118:Veggie Galaxy
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7049:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7022:Lauren Toyota
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6907:Mollie Katzen
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6872:Rip Esselstyn
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6857:Sue Donaldson
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6781:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6705:Alan Stoddard
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6690:James Simpson
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6665:Rollo Russell
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6655:James Rachels
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6640:Cyril V. Pink
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6615:Scott Nearing
6613:
6611:
6610:Helen Nearing
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6565:Andrew Linzey
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6545:William Lambe
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6490:Walter Hadwen
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6415:Edwin Collier
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6400:George Cheyne
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6380:J. L. Buttner
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6276:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6249:Richard Twine
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6239:David Sztybel
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6209:David Olivier
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6099:Valéry Giroux
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6004:David Benatar
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5979:Elisa Aaltola
5977:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5790:A Sacred Duty
5787:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5473:Figs or Pigs?
5470:
5467:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5364:(3rd century)
5363:
5362:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5122:Our Hen House
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5066:
5065:Veggie burger
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4853:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:Animal rights
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4668:Organizations
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4569:Vegetarianism
4566:
4560:
4559:Vegan studies
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4532:Straight edge
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4517:Fruitarianism
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4484:vegetarianism
4481:
4474:
4469:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:Flight jacket
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4329:Donkey jacket
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4238:Northern soul
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4218:Hardcore punk
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4034:Straight edge
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3936:
3934:
3929:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:Straight edge
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3738:United States
3736:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3672:List of bands
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
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3518:Post-hardcore
3516:
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3418:Electronicore
3416:
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3404:
3401:
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3396:
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3378:Hardcore punk
3376:
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3276:fusion genres
3272:
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3190:Straight edge
3188:
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3072:United States
3070:
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3049:
3046:
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3036:
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3025:
3023:
3021:International
3019:
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2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:Powerviolence
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2933:Post-hardcore
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
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2906:
2904:
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2879:
2878:Electronicore
2876:
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2869:
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2861:
2859:
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2849:
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2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2809:Hardcore punk
2803:
2798:
2796:
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2789:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
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2681:9780615158846
2677:
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2556:
2554:9780813539911
2550:
2546:
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2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2478:
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2473:
2467:
2463:
2461:0-8156-3127-8
2457:
2453:
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2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
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2394:
2392:9780819575852
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:Popular Music
2350:
2346:
2344:1-873176-16-3
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
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2251:
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2242:
2237:
2233:
2231:0-8135-3851-3
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2179:
2175:
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2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2120:9781932595895
2116:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2101:George Petros
2098:
2097:Blush, Steven
2094:
2090:
2088:9780922915712
2084:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2069:George Petros
2066:
2065:Blush, Steven
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2043:0-316-78753-1
2039:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2022:
2020:1-888451-44-0
2016:
2012:
2007:
2006:
1994:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1869:, pp. 53
1868:
1863:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1750:, p. 445
1749:
1744:
1738:, p. 119
1737:
1732:
1730:
1723:, p. 132
1722:
1717:
1711:, p. 127
1710:
1705:
1703:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1667:
1661:
1646:
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1558:
1551:
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1536:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1441:
1434:
1428:, p. 137
1427:
1422:
1415:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1390:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1317:
1311:, p. 219
1310:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1263:, pp. 45
1262:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1200:, p. 139
1199:
1194:
1192:
1184:
1179:
1173:, p. 218
1172:
1167:
1161:, p. 404
1160:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:Henry Rollins
1073:
1066:
1065:Goldfein 1989
1061:
1055:, p. 121
1054:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1003:
998:
996:
994:
986:
981:
979:
972:, p. 112
971:
966:
964:
957:, p. 132
956:
951:
949:
942:, p. 121
941:
936:
934:
927:, p. 125
926:
921:
919:
912:
907:
905:
898:, pp. 14
897:
892:
885:
880:
873:
868:
862:, p. 317
861:
856:
854:
852:
850:
835:
831:
825:
809:
805:
804:
799:
792:
778:
774:
768:
760:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
731:
727:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
683:
679:
677:
676:Old Testament
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:direct action
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
623:
616:
611:
602:
599:
594:
590:
585:
582:
581:
574:
572:
568:
558:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
522:
520:
516:
515:skateboarding
512:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
470:
468:
464:
460:
455:
454:hardcore punk
450:
448:
439:
434:
425:
423:
419:
409:
400:
398:
394:
390:
389:Embrace Today
386:
382:
378:
374:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
326:
322:
320:
316:
312:
311:Turning Point
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
279:
275:
271:
262:
259:
254:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
190:Modern Lovers
187:
186:The Vibrators
182:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
156:
155:hardcore punk
148:
144:
130:
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
111:animal rights
106:
104:
100:
99:Straight Edge
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:hardcore punk
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:Straight edge
32:
26:
22:
7179:Pink Peacock
7159:Minerva Café
7123:Veggie Grill
7108:Souley Vegan
7103:Slutty Vegan
7042:Alan Wakeman
7017:Haile Thomas
7007:Bryant Terry
6897:Richa Hingle
6892:Dick Gregory
6797:Mayim Bialik
6765:Tzachi Zamir
6720:Sidney Trist
6570:Clair Linzey
6390:Job Caudwell
6365:George Black
6310:William Axon
6264:Laura Wright
6234:Peter Singer
6229:Jérôme Segal
6219:Emelia Quinn
6214:David Pearce
6199:David Nibert
6194:Gemma Newman
6174:Reed Mangels
6164:Howard Lyman
6089:Joel Fuhrman
6064:Alan Desmond
6049:Brenda Davis
6019:Will Bonsall
5947:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5900:
5894:Maa Ka Doodh
5892:
5884:
5876:
5868:
5860:
5852:
5844:
5836:
5828:
5820:
5812:
5804:
5796:
5788:
5780:
5772:
5764:
5756:
5748:
5740:
5732:
5711:
5703:
5695:
5687:
5679:
5671:
5663:
5655:
5647:
5639:
5633:Skinny Bitch
5631:
5623:
5615:
5607:
5599:
5593:Fit for Life
5591:
5583:
5575:
5567:
5559:
5551:
5543:
5535:
5527:
5519:
5511:
5503:
5495:
5487:
5479:
5471:
5463:
5455:
5447:
5439:
5431:
5423:
5415:
5407:
5399:
5391:
5383:
5375:
5367:
5359:
5310:Viva! Health
5305:Veggie Pride
5193:Alcott House
5132:Plamil Foods
5109:
5050:Sausage roll
4926:Konjac jelly
4879:Coconut milk
4785:Christianity
4737:Meat paradox
4722:Deep ecology
4531:
4527:Raw veganism
4491:Perspectives
4418:Other topics
4384:Sweater vest
4364:Levi Strauss
4278:Stax Records
4056:Aryan Circle
4033:
4009:Gay skinhead
3889:
3885:Puntala-rock
3860:Punk fashion
3631:Thrash metal
3428:Nintendocore
3283:Anarcho-punk
3189:
3117:Other topics
3000:Thrash metal
2980:Sludge metal
2923:Nintendocore
2727:
2721:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2671:
2650:
2644:
2615:
2609:
2580:
2576:
2563:
2544:
2515:
2509:
2481:
2471:
2451:
2429:(1): 33–52.
2426:
2422:
2405:
2401:
2382:
2357:
2353:
2337:. AK Press.
2334:
2309:
2305:
2289:. PM Press.
2286:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2221:
2192:
2186:
2177:
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2156:
2152:
2129:
2105:
2073:
2056:
2052:
2031:
2010:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1918:Pieslak 2015
1903:Pieslak 2015
1898:
1886:
1879:Pieslak 2015
1874:
1862:
1857:, p. 14
1850:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:the original
1817:
1807:
1797:16 September
1795:. Retrieved
1789:
1779:
1767:
1762:, pp. 4
1755:
1743:
1721:Azerrad 2001
1716:
1709:Azerrad 2001
1692:
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1642:
1632:
1613:
1607:
1598:
1592:
1583:
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1560:
1550:
1541:
1535:
1523:. Retrieved
1519:
1492:28 September
1490:. Retrieved
1483:
1474:
1464:24 September
1462:. Retrieved
1458:
1448:
1439:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1398:
1389:
1381:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1337:
1328:
1321:Tsitsos 1999
1316:
1304:
1292:
1287:, p. 46
1280:
1275:, p. 91
1268:
1256:
1251:, p. 88
1244:
1232:
1220:
1212:as cited in
1205:
1185:, p. 12
1178:
1166:
1159:Tsitsos 1999
1139:
1134:, p. 37
1127:
1115:
1103:
1097:Barlett 2006
1092:
1085:Azerrad 2001
1072:
1067:, p. 18
1060:
1053:Azerrad 2001
1048:
1036:
1024:
1019:, p. 11
987:, p. 66
911:Tsitsos 1999
891:
879:
867:
837:. Retrieved
833:
824:
812:. Retrieved
808:the original
801:
791:
780:. Retrieved
776:
767:
740:
730:
680:
640:Earth Crisis
635:
631:
629:
620:
589:No Apologies
588:
586:
578:
575:
563:
546:Higher Power
531:
523:
519:thrash metal
506:anarcho punk
499:
487:Napalm Death
479:the Apostles
476:
451:
443:
415:
406:
369:
352:Hare Krishna
332:
323:
283:
256:
202:
183:
175:Minor Threat
172:
164:conservative
152:
147:Minor Threat
115:
107:
103:Minor Threat
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:
21:Straightedge
7051:Restaurants
7012:Anna Thomas
6987:Derek Sarno
6867:Rose Elliot
6852:Yamuna Devi
6807:Gypsy Boots
6755:W. A. Sibly
6750:Frank Wokes
6635:Dean Ornish
6535:Norman Kerr
6515:Brian Hines
6500:Edward Hare
6485:John Haddon
6465:Greta Gaard
6395:James Clark
6385:Paul Carton
6350:Ragnar Berg
6345:Robert Bell
6340:Ernest Bell
6204:Jack Norris
6149:Renan Larue
6124:Melanie Joy
6119:Oscar Horta
6094:Kristi Funk
6074:Mylan Engel
6059:Jan Deckers
6054:Garth Davis
6044:Robert Cook
6009:Steven Best
5961:activists,
5959:Academics,
5769:(2003–2005)
5537:Ten Talents
5248:Friday Fast
4975:Plant cream
4916:Carrageenan
4864:Agave syrup
4752:Sentientism
4742:Nonviolence
4678:Vegan media
4673:Restaurants
4648:Vegetarians
4622:Ecofeminism
4334:Dr. Martens
4309:Ben Sherman
4223:Mod revival
4150:Hammerskins
4125:Aryan Guard
3726:Celtic punk
3694:Netherlands
3626:Speed metal
3586:Gothic rock
3560:Street punk
3523:Psychobilly
3494:Street punk
3479:Latino punk
3474:Horror punk
3398:Krishnacore
3373:Garage punk
3361:Celtic punk
3251:Garage rock
3094:Minneapolis
2990:Street punk
2985:Speed metal
2893:Krishnacore
2868:Death metal
2833:Black metal
2734:: 611–635.
2707:: 633–646.
2691:avant-garde
2622:: 173–200.
2587:: 365–380.
2360:(18): 403.
2243:. ABC-CLIO.
2199:: 406–436.
2163:22 February
2111:Feral House
2079:Feral House
1933:Tsitos 2016
1891:Tsitos 2016
1772:Hannon 2010
1672:16 February
1442:(in Dutch).
1334:"Hate Edge"
1081:Ian MacKaye
814:22 February
712:Teetotalism
644:Vegan Reich
598:Moonshiners
511:Sore Throat
356:heavy metal
348:Krishnacore
287:heavy metal
241:Negative FX
179:Ian MacKaye
160:Just Say No
81:, follow a
75:promiscuous
7284:Categories
7245:Low-carbon
7225:Vegaphobia
7063:Cinnaholic
7037:Nisha Vora
6967:Gaz Oakley
6877:Toni Fiore
6842:Pinky Cole
6837:Hannah Che
6792:Nava Atlas
6650:Rod Preece
6445:T. Forster
6355:Rynn Berry
6278:Vegetarian
6169:Al-Ma'arri
5965:physicians
5921:Naked Food
5838:Cowspiracy
5782:Earthlings
5713:Meat Atlas
5233:Jewish Veg
5186:Vegetarian
5162:Veganmania
5142:Vegan flag
5025:Vegetables
5000:Soy yogurt
4980:Plant milk
4762:Tirukkuṟaḷ
4757:Speciesism
4632:By country
4592:Orthopathy
4359:Harrington
4349:Fred Perry
4283:Studio One
4263:Rocksteady
4180:Volksfront
4145:Creativity
4086:Red Action
4041:Peckerwood
3997:and groups
3976:Scooterboy
3895:Punk films
3748:Yugoslavia
3742:California
3645:By country
3636:Visual kei
3611:Noise rock
3601:Industrial
3528:Punk blues
3511:Skate punk
3467:Thrashcore
3457:Riot grrrl
3366:Gypsy punk
3329:Dance-punk
3305:Avant-punk
3288:Crust punk
3256:Proto-punk
3244:Precursors
3195:Youth crew
3084:California
3063:Yugoslavia
3005:Thrashcore
2975:Skate punk
2960:Riot grrrl
2928:Pornogrind
2853:Crust punk
2256:(2): 445.
2159:(5): 69–73
1650:3 December
1644:Vice Media
1568:3 December
1525:2 December
1488:(in Dutch)
1400:Bellingcat
1120:Blush 2010
1108:Blush 2001
860:Cogan 2008
839:2024-01-26
782:2024-01-26
605:Approaches
567:Teen Idles
542:Big Cheese
447:Fluff Fest
393:Have Heart
377:Allegiance
278:youth crew
221:Teen Idles
205:West Coast
194:Ted Nugent
188:, and the
168:radicalism
126:youth crew
83:vegetarian
79:casual sex
49:or simply
6783:Chefs and
6555:Elmer Lee
6224:Tom Regan
6129:Joel Kahn
5963:authors,
5913:Magazines
5822:Vegucated
5333:Companies
5167:Veganuary
4965:Mock duck
4857:and drink
4832:Rastafari
4772:Religious
4663:Festivals
4627:Nutrition
4544:Nutrition
4248:Punk rock
4208:Blue Beat
4140:Combat 18
3986:Suedehead
3880:Punk zine
3840:DIY ethic
3820:Afro-punk
3714:Trallpunk
3652:Australia
3616:Post-punk
3565:Surf punk
3533:Punk jazz
3484:Nazi punk
3462:Taqwacore
3452:Queercore
3423:Crunkcore
3413:Deathcore
3408:Metalcore
3356:Anti-folk
3351:Folk punk
3261:Glam punk
3237:Punk rock
3179:Punk rock
3139:DIY ethic
3134:Deathcore
3033:Australia
3028:Argentina
2995:Taqwacore
2955:Queercore
2913:Metalcore
2888:Grindcore
2883:Goregrind
2863:Deathcore
2848:Crunkcore
2748:144302088
2601:148313381
2536:145364265
2522:: 77–99.
2443:145295766
2374:159966036
2326:143931809
2278:143410996
2270:0091-4509
2213:145602862
1855:Kuhn 2010
1843:Wood 2006
1828:1 January
1736:Wood 2006
1668:(Podcast)
1426:Kuhn 2010
1414:Kuhn 2010
1297:Wood 2003
1285:Wood 2003
1261:Wood 2003
1237:Wood 1999
1225:Wood 1999
1198:Wood 1999
1132:Kuhn 2010
1041:Wood 1999
985:Kuhn 2010
970:Kuhn 2010
955:Kuhn 2010
940:Kuhn 2010
896:Kuhn 2010
884:Wood 1999
872:Wood 1999
502:Steadfast
463:deathcore
412:Hate Edge
397:Throwdown
360:metalcore
258:Bent edge
253:Bent edge
247:Bent edge
229:7 Seconds
225:The Faith
198:hard rock
118:Bent edge
7315:Veganism
7027:Jeeca Uy
6725:Valluvar
5870:Dominion
5716:(annual)
5353:journals
5351:reports,
5280:Swissveg
5111:Go Vegan
5015:Tofurkey
4795:Hinduism
4780:Buddhism
4537:Hardline
4499:Veganism
4480:Veganism
4389:Solovair
4374:Lonsdale
4354:Grinders
4339:Flat cap
4024:Hardline
3971:Sharpies
3966:Rude boy
3947:Skinhead
3709:Könsrock
3606:New wave
3555:Ska punk
3543:Punk rap
3501:Pop-punk
3435:Mathcore
3334:Egg punk
3300:Art punk
3144:Hardline
3099:New York
2918:Nardcore
2898:Mathcore
2636:16579409
2180:(1): 18.
2099:(2010).
2067:(2001).
1791:Kerrang!
1485:Red Bull
1377:France24
686:See also
658:and the
626:Veganism
552:X symbol
483:hardline
418:neo-Nazi
403:Ideology
381:Champion
373:posicore
342:and the
340:hardline
319:Slapshot
280:pioneers
91:caffeine
7198:Related
7098:Purezza
5942:VegNews
5862:Carnage
5806:Planeat
5045:Sausage
5035:Hot dog
4921:Gulaman
4899:legumes
4894:cereals
4837:Sikhism
4822:Judaism
4817:Jainism
4800:Sattvic
4717:Carnism
4699:Secular
4612:Cuisine
4587:History
4522:History
4404:Tredair
4369:Loafers
4324:Crombie
4314:Brogues
4081:Redskin
3981:Soulboy
3845:Moshing
3684:Germany
3667:Estonia
3548:Emo rap
3344:Emo rap
3324:Cowpunk
3159:Moshing
3089:Chicago
2970:Skacore
2965:Screamo
2103:(ed.).
2071:(ed.).
1693:No Echo
1586:. 1989.
1520:No Echo
1459:No Echo
440:in 2006
133:History
63:tobacco
59:alcohol
6144:Aph Ko
5905:(2024)
5897:(2023)
5889:(2018)
5881:(2018)
5873:(2018)
5865:(2017)
5857:(2017)
5849:(2015)
5841:(2014)
5833:(2013)
5825:(2011)
5817:(2011)
5809:(2010)
5801:(2010)
5793:(2007)
5785:(2005)
5777:(2004)
5761:(2002)
5753:(1998)
5745:(1991)
5737:(1981)
5708:(2022)
5700:(2020)
5692:(2018)
5684:(2016)
5676:(2015)
5668:(2009)
5660:(2009)
5652:(2006)
5644:(2006)
5636:(2005)
5628:(2005)
5620:(1997)
5612:(1990)
5604:(1987)
5596:(1985)
5588:(1977)
5580:(1976)
5572:(1975)
5564:(1973)
5556:(1972)
5548:(1971)
5540:(1968)
5532:(1954)
5524:(1927)
5516:(1910)
5508:(1907)
5500:(1904)
5492:(1903)
5484:(1898)
5476:(1896)
5468:(1895)
5460:(1892)
5452:(1891)
5444:(1886)
5436:(1883)
5428:(1845)
5420:(1845)
5412:(1835)
5404:(1824)
5396:(1814)
5388:(1813)
5380:(1812)
5372:(1802)
5349:Books,
5172:Veganz
5080:events
5075:Groups
5020:Cheese
5005:Tempeh
4995:Seitan
4985:Quinoa
4938:Jambon
4889:Grains
4884:Fruits
4842:Taoism
4805:Ahimsa
4691:Ethics
4653:Vegans
4409:Trilby
4319:Brutus
4253:Reggae
4228:Motown
4203:2 Tone
3850:Poseur
3704:Sweden
3689:Greece
3679:France
3662:Canada
3657:Brazil
3596:Grunge
3506:2 Tone
3293:D-beat
3169:Poseur
3079:Boston
3048:Greece
3043:Canada
3038:Brazil
2858:D-beat
2816:Styles
2746:
2678:
2634:
2599:
2551:
2534:
2488:
2458:
2441:
2389:
2372:
2341:
2324:
2293:
2276:
2268:
2228:
2211:
2136:
2117:
2085:
2040:
2017:
1818:Inside
1620:
755:
495:Heresy
395:, and
317:, and
239:, and
65:, and
6812:BOSH!
5972:Vegan
5928:Satya
5088:Vegan
4990:Quorn
4960:Mochi
4812:Islam
4641:Lists
4196:Music
3699:Spain
3621:Scene
3591:Grebo
3058:Japan
3053:Italy
2744:S2CID
2730:(6).
2705:Wiley
2703:(3).
2655:Wiley
2653:(1).
2632:S2CID
2618:(2).
2597:S2CID
2583:(2).
2532:S2CID
2518:(1).
2439:S2CID
2370:S2CID
2322:S2CID
2274:S2CID
2209:S2CID
2195:(4).
1144:2013.
723:Notes
593:Judge
491:Blitz
422:NS/WP
366:2000s
329:1990s
299:Judge
87:vegan
5078:and
5060:Wine
5055:Beer
5010:Tofu
4955:Miso
4911:Agar
4855:Food
4482:and
4399:Suit
4379:MA-1
4273:Soul
2732:SAGE
2676:ISBN
2620:SAGE
2585:SAGE
2564:Buzz
2549:ISBN
2520:SAGE
2486:ISBN
2456:ISBN
2387:ISBN
2339:ISBN
2291:ISBN
2266:ISSN
2226:ISBN
2197:SAGE
2174:Spin
2165:2011
2153:Spin
2134:ISBN
2115:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2059:(6).
2038:ISBN
2015:ISBN
1830:2013
1799:2019
1674:2020
1652:2020
1618:ISBN
1570:2020
1527:2020
1494:2019
1466:2019
816:2010
753:ISBN
642:and
493:and
461:and
303:Bold
4268:Ska
4243:Oi!
4029:Oi!
3961:Mod
3782:L–Z
3777:#–K
3489:Oi!
3339:Emo
3164:Oi!
2938:Emo
2736:doi
2709:doi
2659:doi
2624:doi
2589:doi
2524:doi
2431:doi
2410:doi
2362:doi
2314:doi
2258:doi
2201:doi
636:xVx
591:by
237:DYS
233:SSD
93:or
85:or
77:or
47:XXX
43:sXe
7286::
2742:.
2728:41
2726:.
2701:44
2699:.
2651:28
2649:.
2630:.
2616:35
2614:.
2595:.
2581:29
2579:.
2575:.
2530:.
2514:.
2437:.
2425:.
2404:.
2368:.
2356:.
2320:.
2310:21
2308:.
2272:.
2264:.
2254:29
2252:.
2207:.
2193:33
2191:.
2176:.
2157:11
2155:.
2151:.
2113:.
2081:.
2057:53
2055:.
1925:^
1910:^
1816:.
1788:.
1728:^
1701:^
1691:.
1641:.
1559:.
1518:.
1502:^
1482:.
1457:.
1397:.
1374:.
1356:.
1336:.
1190:^
1149:^
1009:^
992:^
977:^
962:^
947:^
932:^
917:^
903:^
848:^
832:.
800:.
775:.
747::
743:.
548:.
540:,
497:.
489:,
399:.
391:,
387:,
383:,
379:,
362:.
321:.
313:,
309:,
305:,
301:,
297:,
293:,
276:,
243:.
235:,
231:,
227:,
223:,
219:,
215:,
105:.
61:,
4791:)
4787:(
4472:e
4465:t
4458:v
3939:e
3932:t
3925:v
3901:)
3897:(
3744:)
3740:(
3229:e
3222:t
3215:v
2801:e
2794:t
2787:v
2750:.
2738::
2715:.
2711::
2684:.
2665:.
2661::
2638:.
2626::
2603:.
2591::
2566:.
2557:.
2538:.
2526::
2516:7
2494:.
2464:.
2445:.
2433::
2427:6
2416:.
2412::
2406:2
2395:.
2376:.
2364::
2358:3
2347:.
2328:.
2316::
2299:.
2280:.
2260::
2234:.
2215:.
2203::
2178:5
2167:.
2142:.
2123:.
2091:.
2046:.
2023:.
1832:.
1801:.
1695:.
1676:.
1654:.
1626:.
1601:.
1572:.
1529:.
1496:.
1468:.
842:.
818:.
785:.
761:.
51:X
27:.
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