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384:. Critics also think that "Just Say No" contributed towards the well seasoned stigma about people who use drugs being labelled as "bad", and the stigma toward those people who are addicted to drugs being labelled as making a cognizant immoral choice to engage in drug use. In a 1992 paper, Evans et al commented: that the "Just Say No" approach had been “taken out of context and redirected in form as a formula for preventing all substance abuse. ... Because of the current pervasiveness of the catchphrase, we emphasize that ‘Just Say No’ is not enough!"
178:
132:
273:, Kiwanis Club International, and the National Federation of Parents for a Drug-Free Youth to promote the cause; the Kiwanis put up over 2000 billboards with Nancy Reagan's likeness and the slogan. Over 5000 Just Say No clubs were founded in schools and youth organizations in the United States and abroad. Many clubs and organizations remain in operation around the country, where they aim to educate children and teenagers about the effects of drugs.
1059:"Eleanor Roosevelt America's Top First Lady for 6th Consecutive Time Abigail Adams Finishes a Close Second; Michelle Obama Moves to Third First Lady Initiatives – Lady Bird Johnson (Environmental Protection) Did Most to Raise Awareness and Address the Issue; Obama (Childhood Obesity), Betty Ford (Women's Rights), and Barbara Bush (Literacy) Made Major Contributions Jackie Kennedy - 4th but First on Being a White House Steward & Public Image"
201:. Nancy Reagan often attributed the origins of the phrase to a 1982 visit to Longfellow Elementary School in Oakland, California: when asked by a schoolgirl what to do if she was offered drugs by her peers, the First Lady responded, "Just say 'no'." Just Say No club organizations within schools and school-run anti-drug programs soon became common, in which young people were making pacts not to use drugs.
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The campaign drew significant criticism. Critics labelled Nancy Reagan's approach to promoting drug awareness reductive, arguing that tackling the issue of drug abuse required a more complex approach than simply encouraging the use of a catchphrase. In fact, two studies suggested that enrollees in
322:
in the mid-1990s sparked a media firestorm across both the UK and
Australia over the use of illegal drugs. Wood's parents even released her school photograph on a badge with the saying "Just say no to drugs" placed on it to warn society on the dangers of illicit drug use. The photograph was widely
351:
Nancy Reagan's related efforts increased public awareness of drug use, but extant research has not established a direct relationship between the Just Say No campaign and reduced drug use. Although the use and abuse of illegal recreational drugs significantly declined during the Reagan presidency,
209:
centers and abuse prevention programs. With the media attention that the first lady received, she appeared on television talk shows, recorded public service announcements, and wrote guest articles. By the autumn of 1985, she had appeared on 23 talk shows, co-hosted an
October 1983 episode of
551:... in Oakland where a schoolchild in an audience Nancy was addressing stood up and asked what she and her friends should say when someone offered them drugs. And Nancy said, "Just say no." And within a few months thousands of Just Say No clubs had sprung up in schools around the country.
941:
The politics of the Reagan years and the Bush years probably made it somewhat harder to get treatment expanded, but at the same time, it may have decreased initiation and use. For example, marijuana went from thirty-three percent of high-school seniors in 1980 to twelve percent in
114:. She recalls feeling impressed by a need to educate the youth about drugs and drug abuse. Upon her husband's election to the presidency, she returned to Daytop Village and outlined how she wished to help educate the youth. Nancy Reagan's longtime Chief of Staff
204:
When asked about her efforts in the campaign, Nancy Reagan said: "If you can save just one child, it's worth it." She traveled throughout the United States and several other nations, totaling over 250,000 miles (400,000 km). Nancy Reagan visited
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180:
192:
The "Just Say No" slogan was the creation of Robert Cox and David Cantor, advertising executives at the New York office of
Needham, Harper & Steers/USA in the early 1980s. The firm was working with the
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of 30 nations to the White House in
Washington, DC, for a conference entitled the "First Ladies Conference on Drug Abuse". She later became the first First Lady invited to address the
836:
118:
helped her expedite what she viewed as one of her legacies as First Lady. She stated in 1981 that her best role would be to bring awareness about the dangers of drug abuse:
91:, which included teaching student skills to resist peer pressure and other social influences. The campaign involved University projects done by students across the nation.
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Understanding what drugs can do to your children, understanding peer pressure and understanding why they turn to drugs is ... the first step in solving the problem.
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243:" as well. She even appeared in numerous public service announcements, including one which aired in movie theaters where she appeared alongside actor
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99:, and later an advertising entrepreneur, won the campaign. The anti-drug movement was among the resistance skills recommended in response to low
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circulated in the media. A photo of Betts in a coma in her hospital bed was also circulated in
British media. Both teenagers died due to
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The campaign and the phrase "Just Say No" made their way into popular
American culture when television series such as
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628:(Motion picture). Motion Picture Association, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. May 2005. Event occurs at 3:08.
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198:
502:
Evans, R.I. (in press). Just say no. In
Breslow, L., Encyclopedia of Public Health (p. 1354). New York: Macmillan.
103:, and Nancy Reagan's larger campaign proved to be an effective dissemination of this social inoculation strategy.
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became spokesperson for the campaign in 1987 and recorded a song titled "Just Say No" with
British hit producers
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1032:"Just Say No: Dr Richard I. Evans Efforts to Influence Juvenile Behaviour through US Public Health Programming"
391:'s first ladies study to assess the signature initiatives of the then most-recent ten first ladies (those from
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and cigarettes. Journalist
Michael McGrath suggested that inflamed fears from "Just Say No" exacerbated
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727:(Music Video). Hollywood, California and The White House, Washington, DC: E.I.C. Event occurs at 3:15.
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298:. The cast's cover of the original US campaign song, with an added rap, reached the UK top ten.
482:
Zimmerman, Jordan (2015-01-25). Who Is Jordan
Zimmerman? Blog, 25 January 2015. Retrieved from
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Brian L. Dyak (Executive Producer), William N. Utz (Executive Producer) (December 11, 1985).
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First Lady Nancy Reagan throws out the first pitch at the 1988 World Series for Just Say No
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to garner support for the anti-drug campaign. She participated in a 1985 rock music video "
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and prevented youth from receiving accurate information about dealing with drug abuse and
8:
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535:"Remarks at the Nancy Reagan Drug Abuse Center Benefit Dinner in Los Angeles, California"
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produced episodes centered on the campaign. In 1983, Nancy Reagan appeared as herself on
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The campaign emerged from a substance abuse prevention program supported by the
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1011:"Nancy Reagan and the negative impact of the 'Just Say No' anti-drug campaign"
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campaign prevalent during the 1980s and early 1990s as a part of the U.S.-led
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In 1985, Nancy Reagan expanded the campaign internationally. She invited the
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517:"Robert Cox, Man Behind the 'Just Say No' Antidrug Campaign, Dies at 78"
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865:"Leah Betts died 20 years ago and we still can't be honest about drugs"
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Nancy Reagan first became involved during a campaign trip in 1980 to
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This article is about the anti-drug ad campaign. For the play, see
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Address to the Nation on Drug Abuse Campaign on September 14, 1986
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903:. National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health
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onward), "Just Say No" was ranked as the second-worst, with only
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on enrollment in one of the most popular "Just Say No" programs,
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285:
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Social Psychology Professor Richard I. Evans. Evans promoted a
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In 2020, when scholars and historians were asked during the
790:"Pop-Culture Legacy of Nancy Reagan's Just Say No Campaign"
537:. Ronald Reagan Foundation. January 4, 1989. Archived from
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http://www.jzleadingfearlessly.com/who-is-jordan-zimmerman/
592:
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55:, aiming to discourage children from engaging in illegal
837:"Anna Wood's father in despair as another teenager dies"
957:
Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Arkowitz, Hal (January 1, 2014).
468:. Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Archived from
157:
hosts the First Ladies Conference on Drug Abuse at the
740:"12 videos from Nancy Reagan's 'Just Say No' campaign"
581:
284:'s 1986 "Drugwatch" campaign, which revolved around a
141:
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
292:
storyline in the popular children's TV drama serial
956:
1996:
1090:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
600:. National First Ladies Library. Archived from
901:"NIDA InfoFacts: High School and Youth Trends"
652:"First Lady, Press Office: Records, 1981–1989"
280:in the 1980s, where it was popularized by the
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327:as they drank too much water after ingesting
169:Nancy Reagan at a "Just Say No" rally at the
2015:History of drug control in the United States
1068:. Siena Research Institute. December 9, 2020
35:Reagan speaking at a "Just Say No" rally in
969:
271:Girl Scouts of the United States of America
63:. The slogan was created and championed by
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1352:Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute
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698:"'Diff'rent Strokes': The Reporter (1983)"
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197:on a media campaign for children, for the
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1372:Reagan Presidential Library, burial site
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2010:Anti-drugs public service announcements
1271:National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign
1113:First Lady Nancy Reagan and Just Say No
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1997:
1088:Nancy Reagan: On the White House Stage
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769:from the original on December 21, 2021
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632:from the original on December 21, 2021
565:Nancy Reagan: The Woman Behind the Man
476:
403:" campaign being more lowly assessed.
2035:Drug control law in the United States
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863:Buchanan, Daisy (November 16, 2015).
567:. Nova Publishers. pp. 104–105.
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835:Mullany, Ashlee (November 9, 2014).
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598:"First Lady Biography: Nancy Reagan"
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816:Malvern, Jack (December 12, 2003).
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59:by offering various ways of saying
13:
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1009:McGrath, Michael (March 8, 2016).
449:
345:Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
14:
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1585:first ladies of the United States
1106:
505:
368:DARE-like programs were actually
343:"Just Say No" memorabilia at the
1606:Clinton health care plan of 1993
1316:
975:
959:"Why 'Just Say No' Doesn't Work"
788:Stewart, Tessa (March 7, 2016).
389:Siena College Research Institute
364:, showed no impact on drug use.
276:Just Say No crossed over to the
199:National Institute on Drug Abuse
2030:American political catchphrases
1681:
1357:General Electric Showcase House
1261:Drug Abuse Resistance Education
1030:Vinson, Emily (December 2020).
1023:
1002:
923:"Interview: Dr. Herbert Kleber"
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418:Drug Abuse Resistance Education
1276:Partnership for Drug-Free Kids
616:
563:Loizeau, Pierre-Marie (2004).
556:
527:
515:Roberts, Sam (June 22, 2016).
496:
1:
1210:I learned it by watching you!
890:Benze, James G. (2005), p. 63
763:"Clint Eastwood: Just Say No"
704:. The Internet Movie Database
687:Benze, James G. (2005), p. 62
443:
269:She enlisted the help of the
81:National Institutes of Health
74:
2005:American advertising slogans
1193:Public service announcements
1086:Benze, James G. Jr. (2005).
216:, and starred in a two-hour
83:, pioneered in the 1970s by
7:
2025:Presidency of Ronald Reagan
1337:Foster Grandparents Program
1235:This Is Your Brain on Drugs
1117:Reagan Presidential Library
761:Oscars (October 12, 2015).
738:Roe, Mike (March 7, 2016).
406:
220:documentary on drug abuse.
97:University of South Florida
10:
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1254:Organizations and programs
489:February 26, 2017, at the
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842:Daily Telegraph Australia
356:: a 2009 analysis of 20
89:social inoculation model
69:her husband's presidency
1419:The Day Reagan Was Shot
1184:Winners Don't Use Drugs
670:– via utexas.edu.
625:Tribute to Nancy Reagan
466:"Mrs. Reagan's Crusade"
438:Winners Don't Use Drugs
1501:Ronald Prescott Reagan
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1161:Anti-drug ad campaigns
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300:The death of Anna Wood
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1507:Maureen Reagan Revell
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1240:Washington State PSAs
1215:McGruff the Crime Dog
986:. PBS. Archived from
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253:Stock/Aitken/Waterman
187:
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153:
134:
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85:University of Houston
57:recreational drug use
34:
16:Anti-drug ad campaign
1542:Nancy Reagan defense
382:responsible drug use
354:spurious correlation
213:Good Morning America
95:, then a student at
1519:Edith Luckett Davis
1411:Cultural depictions
1174:Above the Influence
990:on January 10, 2008
983:American Experience
963:Scientific American
413:Above the Influence
207:drug rehabilitation
195:Advertising Council
1495:Patricia Ann Davis
1438:(2011 documentary)
1386:
1362:668 St. Cloud Road
1347:1989 trip to Japan
824:. British Council.
521:The New York Times
472:on April 27, 2006.
378:mass incarceration
358:controlled studies
349:
325:water intoxication
190:
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135:A U.S. government
41:
2040:Songs about drugs
1992:
1991:
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1462:(2020 miniseries)
1342:White House china
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574:978-1-59033-759-2
393:Lady Bird Johnson
237:Diff'rent Strokes
226:Diff'rent Strokes
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658:. Archived from
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541:on March 5, 2016
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428:Stop the Madness
241:Stop the Madness
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93:Jordan Zimmerman
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978:"Nancy Reagan"
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278:United Kingdom
264:United Nations
245:Clint Eastwood
232:Punky Brewster
161:in March 1982.
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1230:Stoner Sloth
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145:War on drugs
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2045:Grange Hill
1965:Just Say No
1958:Chicken Man
1684:Grange Hill
1616:Let's Move!
1596:Just Say No
1470:(2024 film)
1459:The Reagans
1454:(2016 film)
1446:(2013 film)
1430:(2003 film)
1427:The Reagans
1422:(2001 film)
1332:Just Say No
1179:Just Say No
994:January 22,
765:. YouTube.
708:October 18,
636:November 7,
608:November 9,
295:Grange Hill
173:in May 1986
171:White House
159:White House
49:advertising
45:Just Say No
37:Los Angeles
22:Just Say No
1999:Categories
1928:Characters
1640:Jill Biden
1515:(step-son)
1497:(daughter)
1489:presidency
1487:(husband,
1443:The Butler
1205:Dog's View
545:October 3,
444:References
316:Leah Betts
75:Initiation
928:Frontline
308:Australia
290:addiction
139:from the
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1693:Episodes
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1245:WeGotYou
1072:March 6,
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702:imdb.com
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630:Archived
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318:from
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