931:
50 horses shared the traffic with 19 locomotives, but travelled at different speeds, so to help regulate traffic horse-drawn trains were required to operate in groups of four or five. This had led to horses, startled by a passing locomotive and coming off their dandy cart, being run down by the following train. On one occasion a driver fell asleep in the dandy cart of the preceding train and his horse, no longer being led, came to a stop and was run down by a locomotive. The rule book stated that locomotive-hauled trains had precedence over horse-drawn trains, but some horse drivers refused to give way and on one occasion a locomotive had to follow a horse-drawn train for over 2 miles (3 km). The committee decided in 1828 to replace horses with locomotives on the main line, starting with the coal trains, but there was resistance from some colliery owners. After the S&DR bought out the coach companies in August 1832, a mixed passenger and small goods service began between
Stockton and Darlington on 7 September 1833, travelling at 12–14 miles per hour (19–23 km/h); locomotive-hauled services began to Shildon in December 1833 and to Middlesbrough on 7 April 1834. The company had returned the five per cent dividend that had been promised by Edward Pease, and this had increased to eight per cent by the time he retired in 1832. When the treasurer Jonathan Backhouse retired in 1833 to become a Quaker minister, he was replaced by Joseph Pease.
914:
Parliament but withdrew after a design for a drawbridge was agreed with the
Navigation Company. The line to Middlesbrough was laid with malleable iron rails weighing 33 lb/yd (16 kg/m), resting on oak blocks. The suspension bridge had been designed to carry 150 tons, but the cast iron retaining plates split when it was tested with just 66 tons and loaded trains had to cross with the waggons split into groups of four linked by a 9-yard-long (8.2 m) chain. For the opening ceremony on 27 December 1830, "Globe", a new locomotive designed by Hackworth for passenger trains, hauled people in carriages and waggons fitted with seats across the bridge to the staiths at Port Darlington, which had berths for six ships. Stockton continued to be served by a station on the line to the quay until 1848, when it was replaced by a station on the Middlesbrough line on the other side of the Tees. Before May 1829, Thomas Richardson had bought about 500 acres (200 ha) near Port Darlington, and with Joseph and Edward Pease and others he formed the Owners of the Middlesbrough Estate to develop it. Middlesbrough had only a few houses before the coming of the railway, but a year later had a population of over 2,000 and at the 2011 census had over 138,000 people.
2174:
1087:
721: lb/yd (28.5 kg/m) cast iron rails were used for junctions. The line was single track with four passing loops each mile; square sleepers supported each rail separately so that horses could walk between them. Stone was used for the sleepers to the west of Darlington and oak to the east; Stephenson would have preferred all of them to have been stone, but the transport cost was too high as they were quarried in the Auckland area. The railway opened with the company owing money and unable to raise further loans; Pease advanced money twice early in 1826 so the workers could be paid. By August 1827 the company had paid its debts and was able to raise more money; that month the Black Boy branch opened and construction began on the Croft and Hagger Leases branches. During 1827 shares rose from £120 at the start to £160 at the end.
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and
Stanhope (Crawley) on 1 September 1845; the Stanhope service was withdrawn at the end of 1846. Travelling north from Crook the carriages and waggons were drawn up the Sunniside Incline, a locomotive hauled the mixed train to Waskerley Park Junction, then they were let down Nanny Mayor's Incline and a locomotive took them forward. When returning, regulations required that the carriages run loose down the Sunniside Incline and they were let to run into Crook station, controlled by the guard using the carriage brakes. Later, a 730 feet (220 m) viaduct replaced the two inclines at Hownes Gill ravine on 1 July 1858. A deviation replacing Nanny's Mayor's Incline, as well as a curve that allowed trains from Crook direct access to Rowley, was opened for freight on 23 May 1859 and for passenger traffic on 4 July 1859.
657:(horses) who had tried to keep up with the procession. The train stopped when the waggon carrying the company surveyors and engineers lost a wheel; the waggon was left behind and the train continued. The train stopped again, this time for 35 minutes to repair the locomotive and the train set off again, reaching 15 mph (24 km/h) before it was welcomed by an estimated 10,000 people as it came to a stop at the Darlington branch junction. Eight and a half miles (14 km) had been covered in two hours, and subtracting the 55 minutes accounted by the two stops, it had travelled at an average speed of 8 mph (13 km/h). Six waggons of coal were distributed to the poor, workers stopped for refreshments and many of the passengers from Brusselton alighted at Darlington, to be replaced by others.
1578:
years. This required a payment of £47,000 each year, exceeding the SD&R's net revenue; traffic from the
Derwent Iron Company was reduced during a period of financial difficulty and the Black Boy colliery switched to sending its coal to Hartlepool. No dividend was paid in 1848 and the next few years; lease payments were made out of reserves. The S&DR announced a bill in November 1848 to permit a lease by and amalgamation with the YN&BR, but this was withdrawn after the YN&BR share price crashed and its chairman Hudson resigned after questions were raised about his share dealings. In 1850 the S&DR had share capital of £250,000 but owed £650,000, most of this without the authority of Parliament until 1849; the debt was converted into shares in 1851.
47:
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were still in use, but there were also modern railway carriages, some first class with three compartments each seating eight passengers, and second class carriages that seated up to 40. Luggage and sometimes the guard travelled on the carriage roof; a passenger travelling third class suffered serious injuries after falling from the roof in 1840. Passenger trains averaged 22–25 mph (35–40 km/h), and a speed of 42 mph (68 km/h) was recorded. Over 200,000 passengers were carried in the year to 1 October 1838, and in 1839 there were twelve trains each day between
Middlesbrough and Stockton, six trains between Stockton and Darlington, and three between Darlington and Shildon, where a carriage was fitted with
880:. Meetings held in Stockton in early 1828 supported the Tees Navigation and the Clarence Railway, but the S&DR received permission for its branch on 23 May 1828 after promising to complete the Hagger Leases Branch and to build a bridge across the Tees at least 72 feet (22 m) wide and 19 feet (5.8 m) above low water, so as not to affect shipping. Two members of the management committee resigned, as they felt that Stockton would be adversely affected by the line, and Meynell, the S&DR chairman, stepped down from leadership. The Clarence Railway was approved a few days later, with the same gauge as the S&DR. The route of the Clarence Railway was afterwards amended to reach Samphire Batts, later known as
2001:
725:
1151:
464:
319:
2021:, who had taken over from Hackworth as Locomotive Supervisor in 1840, it completed its first locomotive in 1864. In 1858 the Brusselton Inclines were bypassed by a line from the north end of Shildon Tunnel; the same year a passenger service started on the Hagger Leases branch and a mineral line opened from Crook via two inclines to Waterhouse. The section of the SD&LUR between West Auckland and Barnard Castle opened for minerals in July 1863 and passengers on 1 August 1863, together with a direct line from Bishop Auckland to West Auckland. Stations at Evenwood and Cockfield replaced stations on the Hagger Leases branch.
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1658:
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2201:, which recommended closing the network's least used stations and lines. This included the remaining former S&DR lines except for the line between Darlington and Saltburn via Stockton and Middlesbrough. Passenger service between Nunthorpe and Guisborough was withdrawn in 1964; the service between Middlesbrough and Nunthorpe was retained. The line between Darlington and Barnard Castle and the branch to Middleton-in-Teesdale were closed to passengers on 30 November 1964. Trains were withdrawn north of Bishop Auckland on 8 March 1965, but the passenger service to Bishop Auckland was saved because of
816:
2272:
2438:
2365:
982:-mile (2.4 km) Croft branch at Darlington. The railway was to be built in sections, and to allow both to open at the same time permission for the more difficult line through the hills from Darlington to Newcastle was to be sought in 1836 and a bill for the easier line south of Darlington to York presented the following year. Pease specified a formation wide enough for four tracks, so freight could be carried at 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) and passengers at 60 mph (97 km/h), and George Stephenson had drawn up detailed plans by November. The Act for the
1907:
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906:
1267:
221:
2025:
434:
2262:, well before their colleagues at the NER headquarters in York felt this to be necessary. At a conference the next day attended by several company officials including Thomas MacNay and William Bouch it was noted that one of the options to achieve greater security was ‘to adopt the ‘block’ system of telegraph at intervals of 2 or 3 miles; that is not to allow an engine to pass any of such stations until it has been signalled that the previous train was past the station to which it was approaching.’
2136:
669:, it gained speed and reached 15 mph (24 km/h) again, before a man clinging to the outside of a waggon fell off and his foot was crushed by the following vehicle. As work on the final section of track to Stockton's quayside was still ongoing, the train halted at the temporary passenger terminus at St John's Well 3 hours, 7 minutes after leaving Darlington. The opening ceremony was considered a success and that evening 102 people sat down to a celebratory dinner at the Town Hall.
2312:
1631:
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1845:
the Tees
Conservancy Commissioners and they moored barges along the foreshore to obstruct construction. In what became known as the Battle of the Tees, a fight broke out when a steam tug sent by the commissioners interrupted men moving the barges. The barges were successfully moved, but a more serious fight developed the following night when three of the commissioners' steam tugs arrived. The police then kept watch on the works until they were finished.
2288:
the opening of the world's first steam operated public railway: the
Darlington North Road workshops housed a locomotive exhibition, a statue of Joseph Pease was unveiled in Darlington, his portrait presented to the Darlington Corporation and a banquet held. Fifty years later centenary celebrations were held in July to allow guests from foreign countries visiting the International Railway Congress to take part. An exhibition of rolling stock at the new
1069:, that ran with four-wheeled tenders with two water butts, each capable of holding 600 imperial gallons (2,700 L; 720 US gal) of water. The line descended from Shildon to Stockton, assisting the trains that carried coal to the docks at a maximum speed of 6 mph (9.7 km/h); the drivers were fined if caught travelling faster than 8 mph (13 km/h), and one was dismissed for completing the forty-mile return journey in
2060:. When they approached the S&DR with a proposal to merge, the directors deciding they preferred a merger with the NER than eventually becoming part of the LNWR, entered negotiations. Opposed by the NER, the Newcastle, Derwent & Weardale Railway bill was approved by the House of Commons in 1861, but the line was eventually rejected by the House of Lords. The SD&LUR and EVR were absorbed by the S&DR on 30 June 1862.
2155:, which had opened in 1908 between Middlesbrough and Thornaby. The trains took the former S&DR line from Shildon to Simpasture Junction, joining the former Clarence Railway line to Carlton, where a later line allowed access to the Stockton to Middlesbrough extension. The locomotives operated for 20 years, but then coal traffic had reduced, which made it uneconomical to maintain the electrification system.
2430:
Junction, where the 1853 Leeds
Northern route is taken through Eaglescliffe station to Stockton Cut Junction. The non-electrified line then follows the S&DR route for 19 miles (31 km) to Saltburn, except for later deviations at Thornaby (1908) and Redcar (1978). The former Middlesbrough & Guisborough Railway line is open between Guisborough Junction and Nunthorpe as part of the Community Rail
59:
1973:, 1,040 feet (320 m) long and 196 feet (60 m) high. A new station was built to replace the terminus at Barnard Castle. A mineral train ran between Barnard Castle and Barras on 26 March 1861, and mineral traffic worked through to Tebay from 4 July 1861. There was an opening ceremony on 7 August 1861 and the SD&LUR west of Barnard Castle opened to passengers the following day. Two
1926:. In the early 1850s, this ore was travelling the long way round over the Newcastle & Carlisle Railway to the Barrow-in-Furness area, and Durham coke was returning. Both the South Durham & Lancashire Union Railway (SD&LUR) and the Eden Valley Railway (EVR) companies were formed on 20 September 1856. Taking advantage of the new railway at Barnard Castle, the SD&LUR crossed the
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1142:. The suspension bridge across the Tees was replaced by a cast iron bridge on masonry piers in 1841. After three years and an expenditure of £122,000 (equivalent to £9.65m at 2011 prices), the formal opening of the new dock took place on 12 May 1842. The S&DR provided most of the finance, and the dock was absorbed by the company in 1849.
777:, the second locomotive, arrived in November 1825 but needed a week to ready it for the line – the cast-iron wheels were a source of trouble. Two more locomotives of a similar design arrived in 1826; that August, 16s 9d was spent on ale to motivate the men maintaining the engines. By the end of 1827, the company had also bought
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but construction was delayed, and after several bridges collapsed the engineer Thomas Storey was replaced by Robert
Stephenson. The S&DR sold its Croft branch to the GNER, and the railway opened for coal traffic on 4 January 1841 using S&DR locomotives. The railway opened to passengers with its own locomotives on 30 March.
803:
states that the company was unsure as to the real costs as they reported to shareholders in 1828 that the saving using locomotives was 30 per cent. Young also showed that Pease and
Richardson were both concerned about their investment in the Newcastle works and Pease unsuccessfully tried to sell his share to George Stephenson.
2454:, published in December 2013 its ambition to improve passenger services, with the priority of an all day two trains an hour service over the Darlington to Saltburn and Nunthorpe to Hartlepool routes using new trains; additional platforms are needed at Darlington station to allow this service frequency. A station serving
2170:. In the early 1950s control was split between the North Eastern and London Midland regions with Kirkby Stephen as the boundary. Local passenger trains were withdrawn between Kirkby Stephen and Tebay on 1 December 1952. The service along Weardale was withdrawn on 29 June 1953 and services north of Crook on 11 June 1956.
2009:
used on trains in the mid-1850s: a horse-drawn coach was still independently operated between Middlesbrough and Stockton in 1854 on Sundays, as the only S&DR services that run on that day were the mail trains, and locomotives replaced horses on passenger trains to West Auckland in 1856. The S&DR opened a
2685:, pp. 109–110) describes the coach as having a table, cushioned seats and carpets, and criticises the Smiles image for the lack of roof seats, having the wheels outside the coach frame and says that the drawing in Smiles does not look like a vehicle that was built for £80 (approximately £8300 in 2023).
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In the 19th century members of the Society of Friends travelled to attend regular meetings and came to know Quakers elsewhere, this leading to marriages and business partnerships. The Society of Friends published guidance on conduct that included honesty in business matters, and this gave Quakers the
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between Saltburn and Darlington, and ten trains a day continue to Bishop Auckland. One train per hour leaves Middlesbrough going south to Manchester Airport via Yarm and another travels north to Newcastle via Sunderland. There are eighteen trains a day between Middlesbrough and Nunthorpe, and four of
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The Stockton and Darlington was not the first railway and a train had previously carried passengers, but its opening in 1825 was seen as proof of the effectiveness of steam railways as a means of public transport. A jubilee was held on 27 and 28 September 1875 to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of
2063:
With 200 route miles (320 km) of line and about 160 locomotives, the Stockton and Darlington Railway became part of the North Eastern Railway on 13 July 1863. Due to a clause in the act of Parliament, the railway was managed as the independent Darlington Section until 1876, when the lines became
1606:
west of Bishop Auckland. By 1851, Derwent Iron had opened a mine in the area and began moving ironstone 54 miles (87 km) to Consett, and the S&DR had paid the arrears on its debt and was able to pay a dividend the following year, albeit only 4 per cent; between 1849 and 1853 the traffic more
1444:
ran from Waskerley on the Wear & Derwent to Crook on the BA&WR and included the Sunniside Incline worked by a stationary engine. Sponsored by the Derwent Iron Company, the 10-mile (16 km) line was built by the S&DR and opened on 16 May 1845. A passenger service started to Hownes Gill
1163:
chaired a meeting of representatives of north-eastern railways that wished a railway to be built via the east coast. In the 1830s a number of railways had opened in the area between Darlington and Newcastle, and Robert Stephenson was engaged to select a route using these railways as much as possible.
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miles (55.5 km) from Newcastle to Darlington was given royal assent on 4 July 1836, but little work had been done by the time the 43 miles (69 km) from Croft to York received permission on 12 July the following year. In August a general meeting decided to start work on the southern section,
930:
In 1830, the company opened new offices at the corner of Northgate and Union Street in Darlington. Between 1831 and 1832 a second track was laid between Stockton and the foot of Brusselton Bank. Workshops were built at Shildon for the maintenance and construction of locomotives. In 1830 approximately
2086:
The NER had built a branch in the late 1850s from Durham to Bishop Auckland, but used a separate station in the town until December 1867, when all services began to use the S&DR station. The Sunniside Incline was replaced by a deviation, albeit with gradients of 1 in 51 and 1 in 52, which opened
2008:
In 1854, there were five or six trains a day between Darlington and Redcar and three a day between Darlington and Frosterley. Travelling at average speeds of 19–24 miles per hour (31–39 km/h), passengers were charged from 1d per mile for third class to 2.2d per mile for first. Horses were still
1844:
An application to Parliament for a jetty in the following year was unsuccessful, but in 1860 the Upsall, Normanby & Ormesby Railway received permission for a line with access to the river, the S&DR claim of exclusive rights to the foreshore having been rejected. The jetty was also opposed by
1311:
An Act for incorporating certain Persons for the making and maintaining a Railway from near the Black Boy Branch of the Stockton and Darlington Railway in the Township of Saint Andrew Auckland to or near to Wilton Park Colliery, with a Branch therefrom, all in the County of Durham, to be called "The
844:
The export of coal had become the railway's main business, but the staiths at Stockton had inadequate storage and the size of ships was limited by the depth of the Tees. A branch from Stockton to Haverton, on the north bank of the Tees, was proposed in 1826, and the engineer Thomas Storey proposed a
255:
A few years later, a canal was proposed on a route that bypassed Darlington and Yarm, and a meeting was held in Yarm to oppose the route. The Welsh engineer George Overton was consulted, and he advised building a tramroad. Overton carried out a survey and planned a route from the Etherley and Witton
1431:
and Stanhope had opened in 1834. Steam locomotives worked the section east of Annfield, and in the western section inclines were worked by stationary engines or gravity, with horses hauling waggons over level track. The lime kilns and the line between Stanhope and Carrhouse closed in 1840, and with
836:, which served the Yarm branch from 16 October. There were no stations: in Darlington the coaches picked up passengers near the north road crossing, whereas in Stockton they picked up at different places on the quay. Between 30,000 and 40,000 passengers were carried between July 1826 and June 1827.
827:
coach hauled by a horse. The coach was initially timetabled to travel from Stockton to Darlington in two hours, with a fare of 1s, and made a return journey four days a week and a one-way journey on Tuesdays and Saturdays. In April 1826, the operation of the coach was contracted for £200 a year; by
802:
it was "as a last experiment" to "make an engine in his own way". Both Tomlinson and Rolt state this claim was unfounded and the company had shown earlier that locomotives were superior to horses, Tomlinson showing that coal was being moved using locomotives at half the cost of horses. Robert Young
481:
An Act to enable the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company to vary and alter the Line of their Railway, and also the Line or Lines of some of the Branches therefrom, and to make, an additional Branch therefrom, and for altering and enlarging the Powers of the Act passed for making and maintaining
370:
on 19 April 1821, allowed for a railway that could be used by anyone with suitably built vehicles on payment of a toll, that was closed at night, and with which land owners within 5 miles (8 km) could build branches and make junctions; no mention was made of steam locomotives. This new railway
2424:
uses most of the former Stockton and Darlington Railway between Bishop Auckland and Saltburn. From Bishop Auckland the non-electrified line is single track to Shildon, double track to Heighington, and single track to the junction with the East Coast Main Line north of Darlington. This section is a
2411:
On 14 June 2007, during excavations for road building, some of the original stone sleepers used by the railway in 1825 were discovered intact near Lingfield Point. The stones each weigh about 75 pounds (34 kg) and have bolt holes for the chairs that secured the rail. Officials involved in the
2127:
locomotives for the line over Stainmore in 1860, and another fourteen with this wheel arrangement had been built by 1874. S&DR services and those on the ECML called at different stations in Darlington until 1887, when S&DR trains were diverted through a rebuilt Darlington Bank Top station,
853:
was about to improve the river and proposed that the railway delay application to Parliament, but, despite opposition, at a meeting in January 1828 it was decided to proceed. A more direct northerly route from Auckland to the Tees had been considered since 1819, and the Tees & Weardale Railway
797:
in the works at Shildon; it started work at the end of November. John Wesley Hackworth later published an account stating that locomotives would have been abandoned were it not for the fact that Pease and Thomas Richardson were partners with Stephenson in the Newcastle works, and that when Timothy
652:
The directors had allowed room for 300 passengers, but the train left carrying between 450 and 600 people, most travelling in empty waggons but some on top of waggons full of coal. Brakesmen were placed between the waggons, and the train set off, led by a man on horseback with a flag. It picked up
411:
during the survey, and by the end of 1821 had reported that a usable line could be built within the bounds of the act of Parliament, but another route would be shorter by 3 miles (5 km) and avoid deep cuttings and tunnels. Overton had kept himself available, but had no further involvement and
1158:
The GNER had authority for a railway from York to Newcastle; it opened to Darlington in 1841 having spent all of its authorised capital and could not start work on the extension to Newcastle. At the time Parliament was considering the route of a railway between England and Scotland and favoured a
1098:
The railway had modern passenger locomotives, some with four wheels. There were passenger stations at Stockton, Middlesbrough, Darlington, Shildon and West Auckland, and trains also stopped at Middlesbrough Junction, Yarm Junction, Fighting Cocks and Heighington. Some of the modified road coaches
353:
about the line passing over his land. The railway was unopposed this time, but the bill nearly failed to enter the committee stage as the required four-fifths of shares had not been sold. Pease subscribed £7,000; from that time he had considerable influence over the railway and it became known as
198:
in 1863, transferring 200 route miles (320 route kilometres) of line and about 160 locomotives, but continued to operate independently as the Darlington Section until 1876. S&DR opening was seen as proof of steam railway effectiveness and its anniversary was celebrated in 1875, 1925 and 1975.
1577:
Just before the line opened on 22 July 1847, the Wear Valley Railway absorbed the Shildon Tunnel, Bishop Auckland & Weardale Railway, Weardale Extension Railway and Wear & Derwent Railway and then the S&DR leased the Wear Valley Railway and Middlesbrough & Redcar Railways for 999
1618:
to a junction with the Stockton to Hartlepool line and a section of the route ran parallel to the S&DR alongside the Yarm to Stockton Road. The S&DR was originally on the east side of the road, but the LNR built its line with four tracks on the other side of the road, leasing two to the
913:
The Croft branch opened in October 1829. Construction of the suspension bridge across the Tees started in July 1829, but was suspended in October after the Tees Navigation Company pointed out the S&DR had no permission to cross the Old Channel of the Tees. The S&DR prepared to return to
806:
New locomotives were ordered from Stephenson's, but the first was too heavy when it arrived in February 1828. It was rebuilt with six wheels and hailed as a great improvement, Hackworth being told to convert the remaining locomotives as soon as possible. In 1828, two locomotive boilers exploded
628:
following the completion of its journey by road from Newcastle earlier that same day. Pease, Stephenson and other members of the committee then made an experimental journey to Darlington before taking the locomotive and coach to Shildon in preparation for the opening day, with James Stephenson,
2429:
called the Bishop line, and is sometimes known as the Heritage Line because of its links with the S&DR. South of Darlington, trains take the 1887 line before joining the original 1825 route to Stockton at the site of Oak Tree Junction. The line is 8 miles (13 km) to Eaglescliffe South
1979:
locomotives with enclosed cabs had been built for the line in 1860 by Stephenson and Co, and the S&DR worked traffic from the start: two return services a day were provided for passengers. The EVR opened to mineral traffic on 8 April 1862 and passengers on 9 June 1862, to the south-facing
765:
d per ton per mile, which had been assumed would make the business uneconomic. There was interest from London for 100,000 tons a year, so the company began investigations in September 1825. In January 1826, the first staith opened at Stockton, designed so waggons over a ship's hold could
2189:
took over passenger services in the north east except those on the ECML, and were introduced to the line over Stainmore in February 1958. The passenger service was withdrawn between Barnard Castle and Penrith on 20 January 1962, and between Bishop Auckland and Barnard Castle on 12 June 1962.
2257:
On 4 April 1865 at Hartburn (Stockton), the 3:55 pm passenger train from Darlington to Saltburn collided with some chaldron wagons which had become detached from a Shildon to Middlesbrough coal train. Though this was not a serious accident it was to result in the S&DR adopting the
660:
Two waggons for the Yarm Band were attached, and at 12:30 pm the locomotive started for Stockton, now hauling 31 vehicles with 550 passengers. On the 5 miles (8 km) of nearly level track east of Darlington the train struggled to reach more than 4 mph (6.4 km/h). At
407:, and appointed Stephenson to make a fresh survey of the line. Stephenson recommended using malleable iron rails, even though he owned a share of the patent for the alternative cast iron rails, and both types were used. Stephenson was assisted by his 18-year-old son
2823:
In the year ending June 1849, they carried 21 million ton miles, which rose to 48 million in the year ending December 1853. Ironstone shipments increased from 28,000 tons in the six months before December 1849 to 231,000 tons in the six months before December
1432:
the Stanhope to Annfield section losing money, the insolvent railway company was dissolved on 5 February 1841. The northern section became the Pontop and South Shields Railway and the southern section from Stanhope to Carrhouse was bought by the newly formed
2813:
following the practice on stage-coaches; express trains with premium fares were known as first-class trains. The S&DR introduced third class accommodation on some trains in 1835 as people unable to afford a second class ticket had been walking along the
1881:, from the S&DR at a junction near North Road station and along the River Tees, was proposed in 1852; this route bypassed as far as possible the Duke of Cleveland's estate, as he had opposed an earlier railway. An application that year failed, but the
2694:
These waggons (known as wagons after about 1830) were designed to carry a Newcastle chaldron (pronounced chalder in Newcastle) of coal, about 53 long cwt (5,900 lb; 2,700 kg). This differed from the London chaldron, which was 36
1855:. Returning late for dinner, he explained he had walked to Saltburn, then a group of fisherman's cottages, where he had had a "sort of prophetic vision" of a town with gardens. With other S&DR directors he planned the town, with gardens and
549:, on which Stephenson had introduced steam locomotives. A new bill was presented, requesting Stephenson's deviations from the original route and the use of "loco-motives or moveable engines", and this received royal assent on 23 May 1823 as the
2225:
On 5 March 1827, an unnamed woman described as "a blind American beggar" was fatally injured by a train on the railway. This was the first recorded death due to a railway locomotive, coming three years before the more widely reported death of
2493:"In the mean time, a bill is to be brought into Parliament to carry a rail-way from Bishop Auckland to Darlington and Stockton. Mr. Stevenson ... has been called ... to give an opinion as to the best line. The work is estimated at 120,000
1485:
An Act for making a Railway, to be called "The Wear Valley Railway," from and out of the Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway to Frosterley, with a Branch terminating at or near Bishopley Crag in Stan hope in Weardale, all in the County of
629:
George's elder brother, at the controls. On 27 September, between 7 am and 8 am, 12 waggons of coal were drawn up Etherley North Bank by a rope attached to the stationary engine at the top, and then let down the South Bank to
2185:, known formally as the "Modernisation and Re-Equipment of the British Railways", was published in December 1954. With the aim of increasing speed and reliability steam trains were replaced with electric and diesel traction. From 1954
615:
The cost of building the railway had greatly exceeded the estimates. By September 1825, the company had borrowed £60,000 in short-term loans and needed to start earning an income to ward off its creditors. A railway coach, named
2326:
on 27 September 1925, a Sunday to allow railwaymen to attend, where a pageant showed how transport had changed through time, beginning with a group of ancient Britons dragging a log with their belongings on top and ending with
811:
was introduced in mid-1828; it was a small cart at the end of the train that carried the horse downhill, allowing it to rest while the train descended under gravity. The S&DR made their use compulsory from November 1828.
279:
supported it at a public meeting in Darlington on 13 November 1818, promising a five per cent return on investment. Approximately two-thirds of the shares were sold locally, and the rest were bought by Quakers nationally. A
1018:
at Shincliffe. Early in 1842, the nominally independent Shildon Tunnel Company opened its 1,225-yard (1,120 m) tunnel through the hills at Shildon to the Wear basin and after laying 2 miles (3.2 km) of track to
2098:
The locomotive works at Darlington operated independently under Bouch until 1875, the locomotives having been renumbered by the NER a few years earlier. A variety of locomotives were used, the most common type were the
371:
initiated the construction of more railway lines, causing significant developments in railway mapping and cartography, iron and steel manufacturing, as well as in any industries requiring more efficient transportation.
592:
works at Forth Street, Newcastle, from which the following year the S&DR ordered two steam locomotives and two stationary engines. On 16 September 1825, with the stationary engines in place, the first locomotive,
1570:. The line opened on 3 August 1847, and the act also gave the S&DR permission for the Bishopley branch, over which 500,000 tons of limestone travelled in 1868. The line was extended in 1862 from Frosterley to
1083: hours. On average there were about 40 coal trains a day, hauling 28 waggons with a weight of 116 tons. There were about 5,000 privately owned waggons, and at any one time about 1,000 stood at Shildon depot.
807:
within four months, both killing the driver and both due to the safety valves being left fixed down while the engine was stationary. Horses were also used on the line, and they could haul up to four waggons. The
1245:
The N&DJR made an offer to lease the GNER and buy it within five years, and GNER shares increased in value by 44 per cent as the N&DJR took over on 1 July 1845; the N&DJR became part of the larger
1115:
for March 1843, after South Church opened, shows five services a day between Darlington and South Church via Shildon, with three between Shildon and St Helens. Also listed were six trains between Stockton and
147:
at Middlesbrough. While coal waggons were hauled by steam locomotives from the start, passengers were carried in coaches drawn by horses until carriages hauled by steam locomotives were introduced in 1833.
1241:
c. viii), secured the deviations from the GNER route in the south recommended by Stephenson. After the opening celebration on 18 June 1844, through services ran from London to Gateshead the following day.
412:
the shareholders elected Stephenson Engineer on 22 January 1822, with a salary of £660 per year. On 23 May 1822 a ceremony in Stockton celebrated the laying of the first track at St John's Well, the rails
1825:, from where a ferry would carry the ore across the Tees to the blast furnaces. When the proposal was before Parliament the S&DR suggested that their Middlesbrough & Redcar could be extended to
732:
The line was initially used to carry coal to Darlington and Stockton, carrying 10,000 tons in the first three months and earning nearly £2,000. In Stockton, the price of coal dropped from 18 to 12
898:
d per ton per mile landsale rate for coal it carried the 10 miles (16 km) from the collieries to Simpasture for forwarding to Port Clarence, rather than the lower shipping rate. By July 1834, the
766:
discharge coal from the bottom. About 18,500 tons of coal was transported to ships in the year ending June 1827, and this increased to over 52,000 tons the following year, 44.5% of the total carried.
1859:
by the station, and bought a house at 5 Britannia Terrace, where he stayed for a few weeks every summer. The extension opened in 1861, a station on the through line replacing the terminus at Redcar.
5126:
1623:
with an island platform between the tracks, and one side was used by S&DR trains and the other by the LNR. Rather than allow trains to approach the platform line from either direction, the
751:
d per ton per mile; from this they had to pay assistants and fireman and to buy coal for the locomotive. The 1821 act of Parliament had received opposition from the owners of collieries on the
2036:
with the SD&R via the Derwent Valley; by 1860 this had grown into the Newcastle, Derwent & Weardale Railway, which now bypassed the SD&R and linked with the SD&LUR, and the
1554:
c. cxxvii). The line branched off before the Middlesbrough terminus, which was closed and a new through station opened with the line on 4 June 1846. Also authorised in July 1845, by the
5871:
2335:, propelled by its tender, and more modern locomotives. On 31 August 1975, to celebrate the 150th anniversary, a cavalcade was held between Shildon and Heighington, where a replica of
349:
had made it unlikely a bill would pass that parliamentary year. The promoters lodged a bill on 30 September 1820, the route having changed again as agreement had not been reached with
2087:
for mineral traffic on 10 April 1867 and for passengers on 2 March 1868; after 1868 trains on this line were extended to serve Benfieldside station (later known as Blackhill and then
1992:
to provide access for mineral traffic to Cumberland. The L&CR agreed to allow the S&DR running rights over its line and services were extended to Penrith from 1 August 1863.
5351:
2166:(LNER). The passenger service was withdrawn north of Tow Law on 1 May 1939. Britain's railways were nationalised on 1 January 1948 and the lines were placed under the control of
2044:(LNWR) railways were providing two-thirds of the capital. The LNWR proposed to build warehouses in Hartlepool and buy shares in the West Hartlepool Harbour & Railway. The
641:, where thousands watched the second stationary engine draw the train up the incline. The train was let down the East Bank to Mason's Arms Crossing at Shildon Lane End, where
1833:
received permission for a line from Skinningrove as far as Guisborough, and the S&DR permission for an extension to Saltburn and a branch to a mine at Skelton. This
1437:
281:
143:
in County Durham, and was officially opened on 27 September 1825. The movement of coal to ships rapidly became a lucrative business, and the line was soon extended to a
6949:
1000:
Between November 1841 and February 1842, the S&DR introduced a service between Darlington and Coxhoe, on the Clarence Railway, where an omnibus took passengers the
6992:
345:
Overton surveyed a new line that avoided Darlington's estate and agreement was reached with Eldon, but another application was deferred early in 1820, as the death of
1131:
By this time, Port Darlington had become overwhelmed by the volume of imports and exports and work started in 1839 on Middlesbrough Dock, which had been laid out by
677:
The railway that opened in September 1825 was 25 miles (40 km) long and ran from Phoenix Pit, Old Etherley Colliery, to Cottage Row, Stockton; there was also a
665:
near Yarm crowds waited for the train to cross the Stockton to Yarm turnpike. Approaching Stockton, running alongside the turnpike as it skirted the western edge of
383:, an experienced enginewright of the collieries of Killingworth, to meet him in Darlington. On 12 May 1821 the shareholders appointed Thomas Meynell as chairman and
2064:
the NER's Central Division. After the restoration of the dividend in 1851, by the end of 1854 payments had recovered to 8 per cent and then had not dropped below
1965:
Bouch had laid out an economical route that followed the contours and avoided tunnels, but there were formidable gradients up to the 1,370-foot-high (420 m)
4163:
6869:
6159:
2347:
opened in York, combining exhibits from the former LNER museum in York, which had opened after the 1875 festivities, and from the National Transport Museum at
828:
then the timetabled journey time had been reduced to 1 hour 15 minutes, and passengers were allowed to travel on the outside for 9d. A more comfortable coach,
6137:
7042:
4158:
2237:
On 19 March 1828, the boiler of locomotive No. 5 exploded at Simpasture Junction. One of the two firemen was killed, the other severely scalded. The driver (
884:, and traffic started in August 1833; by the middle of 1834 Port Clarence had opened and 28 miles (45 km) of line was in use. The S&DR charged the
1104:
638:
1754:-mile (15.3 km) single-track railway was worked by the S&DR, and opened to minerals on 11 November 1853 and passengers on 25 February 1854. With
6290:
5134:
4785:
2542:
Malleable iron rails cost £12 10s and cast iron rails £6 15s per ton, but malleable iron rails could be less than half the weight for the same strength.
2091:). In Cleveland, a branch from Nunthorpe to Battersby opened on 1 June 1864; passengers were carried from 1 April 1868. A branch from Barnard Castle to
6551:
2214:
1226:
3361:
7087:
7022:
1969:. Land for two tracks was purchased, and a single track line was laid; valleys were crossed by viaducts, three made from wrought iron, including the
2173:
17:
707:
mile (1,200 m) branch to Yarm. Most of the track used 28 pounds per yard (13.9 kg/m) malleable iron rails, and 4 miles (6.4 km) of
252:
in order to improve navigation on the river downstream of the town and was subsequently looking for ways to increase trade to recoup those costs.
2231:
1758:
installed between stations, passenger trains were not permitted to leave a station until confirmation had been received that the line was clear.
1065:
By 1839, the track had been upgraded with rails weighing 64 lb/yd (32 kg/m). The railway had about 30 steam locomotives, most of them
7067:
7012:
1882:
1627:
inspecting officer ruled that trains approaching on a line without a platform must first pass through and then reverse into the platform line.
175:
and the subsequent increase in revenue meant it could pay its debts. At the beginning of the 1860s it took over railways that had crossed the
6112:
5879:
1822:
3284:
1602:. They opened a mine, laid a branch line to the Middlesbrough & Redcar Railway and started hauling ironstone over the S&DR to their
6178:
2681:
had discounted in 1875 an earlier publication of Smiles' image, stating that coach used on the opening day was a similar to a road coach.
2300:). The following day the royal couple watched as procession of locomotives passed between Stockton and Oak Tree Junction, starting with a
7062:
5355:
2659:, pp. 93–95) state that Bonomi was directly appointed by the directors after Stephenson had ignored suggestions to consult him, but
2913:
1211:
This route ran parallel to S&DR lines for 5 miles (8.0 km) and Pease argued that it should run over these as it would add only
2128:
rejoining the route to Stockton from a junction south of Darlington and a new line to Oak Tree Junction. An extension from Stanhope to
1086:
755:
who supplied London and feared competition, and it had been necessary to restrict the rate for transporting coal destined for ships to
403:("At private risk for public service"). By 23 July 1821 it had decided that the line would be a railway with edge rails, rather than a
2304:
locomotive that had been built in 1822 and finishing with a replica train of ten chaldron waggons and "the company's coach" hauled by
1868:
1547:
1165:
849:, south of the Tees in July 1827. Later approved by George Stephenson, this plan was ratified by the shareholders on 26 October. The
7037:
7027:
7007:
6973:
2840:, p. 112) states that a horse-drawn four compartment railway carriage operated between Stockton and Middlesbrough until 1864;
1989:
1984:). The S&DR had presented a bill in 1861 to provide better connections for passengers on the WCML by extending the line up to
832:, started the same month and charged 1s 6d for travel inside. Innkeepers began running coaches, two to Shildon from July, and the
6243:
6224:
6205:
6065:
6046:
5312:
1234:
1225:
miles (2.4 km). The bill was presented unchanged to Parliament in 1842, and was opposed by the S&DR. Despite this, the
872:
with Haverton and Stockton, via a route that was 6 miles (10 km) shorter than via the route of the S&DR, and named the
545:
Stephenson advocated the use of steam locomotives on the line. Pease visited Killingworth in mid-1822 and the directors visited
7092:
4789:
2045:
1795:
1670:
1491:
1317:
487:
331:
195:
7052:
7017:
6933:
6694:
6578:
5855:
4601:
3480:
3453:
2092:
1369:
6961:
1981:
1810:
1728:
The Middlesbrough & Guisborough Railway, with two branches into the iron-rich hills, was approved by Parliament in the
46:
7047:
5795:
5769:
1247:
293:
168:
136:
1168:(N&DJR) differed slightly from the GNER route in the southern section before joining the Durham Junction Railway at
525:
Stockton and Darlington Railway (Consolidation of Acts, Increase of Capital and Purchase of Middlesbrough Dock) Act 1849
123:) was a railway company that operated in north-east England from 1825 to 1863. The world's first public railway to use
5317:
2446:
384:
204:
7077:
7032:
6819:
6730:
6673:
6654:
6635:
6616:
6597:
6559:
6536:
4409:
3268:
2048:(NER), formed in 1854 by amalgamation, at the time was the largest railway company in the country and controlled the
1809:
By 1857, a blast furnace had opened close to the Durham coalfield on the north side of the Tees. Backed by the rival
1543:
1173:
1045:
hour service between Darlington and Newcastle, with a four-horse omnibus from South Church to Rainton Meadows on the
388:
269:
140:
6163:
2675:, p. 166) has an image of this railway coach and describes it as "a somewhat uncouth machine", even though the
2384:
museum. Nearby, the former carriage works are now used as workshops for steam locomotives. A little further east is
395:, were Quakers. The committee designed a seal, showing waggons being pulled by a horse, and adopted the Latin motto
2526:
2163:
2041:
1787:
1662:
1566:
c. clii), was the Wear Valley Railway, a 12-mile (19 km) line from the Bishop Auckland & Weardale line to
1472:
1298:
1139:
738:
653:
speed on the gentle downward slope and reached 10 to 12 miles per hour (16 to 19 km/h), leaving behind men on
468:
323:
285:
144:
4168:
2533:(s) and 20s in a pound (£). One penny in 1825 was worth the same in 2023 as approximately 43p, and 1s about £5.18.
854:
had applied unsuccessfully to Parliament for permission for such a line in 1823, 1824 and 1825. This now became a
6972:
2644:
2033:
2000:
1403:
1194:
miles (41.0 km) of new line, 9 miles (14 km) less than the GNER route, but trains would need to travel
1125:
869:
728:
The route of the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1827, shown in black, with today's railway lines shown in red
4104:
Middlesbrough and Its Jubilee: A History of the Iron and Steel Industries, with Biographies of Pioneers ...
1962:, a mile longer than a more expensive route on the west bank, and its act received royal assent on 21 May 1858.
2455:
1946:, and also linked Barnard Castle with West Auckland. The EVR was a branch from Kirkby Stephen to the WCML near
1943:
1015:
965:
953:
899:
666:
392:
276:
237:
6878:
2513:, who had accompanied Stephenson, stated shortly after Stephenson's death that the meeting was by appointment.
2458:
opened in May 2014. A Hitachi train plant opened in September 2015 at Newton Aycliffe to build trains for the
1720:
1031:'s "I and V" electric telegraph to regulate the passage of trains through the tunnel. The SD&R provided a
7057:
2866:
2251:
1100:
585:
289:
599:, left the works, and the following day it was advertised that the railway would open on 27 September 1825.
3368:
2451:
1620:
1020:
6666:
Stockton and Darlington Railway: Anniversary Celebrations of the World's first steam worked public railway
537:
5915:
The National Archives: RAIL 667/212 Stockton & Darlington Railway, Meeting Minutes taken by T MacNay.
2459:
1830:
1150:
625:
1270:
Preferential share certificate of the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company, issued 24. September 1858
7082:
2373:
1619:
S&DR for a rental of 1s a year. On 25 January 1853, the LNR and SD&R opened a joint station at
1567:
1441:
1233:
c. lxxx) received royal assent on 18 June 1842, and a second act of Parliament the following year, the
1177:
724:
107:
7072:
6851:
1591:
1410:
1028:
167:. It suffered severe financial difficulties at the end of the 1840s and was nearly taken over by the
89:
1851:, a S&DR director and Quaker, visited his brother Joseph in mid-1859 at his house by the sea at
561:. c. xxxiii). The line included embankments up to 48 feet (15 m) high, and Stephenson designed
58:
6788:
6762:
6090:
4102:
2129:
1571:
413:
6744:
3288:
1440:, and used to transport limestone from quarries in the Stanhope area to its works at Consett. The
823:
Passenger traffic started on 10 October 1825, after the required licence was purchased, using the
741:(8s 6d). At first, the drivers had been paid a daily wage, but after February 1826 they were paid
2677:
2566:, pp. 82–83) challenges this, stating that the most common gauge of the early tramroads and
2530:
2393:
2344:
2301:
2280:
2259:
2182:
2152:
2088:
2010:
1985:
1046:
850:
734:
546:
249:
188:
132:
1958:
and SD&LUR received permission on 13 July 1857. The EVR route followed the east bank of the
6182:
3086:
Challis, David Milbank; Rush, Andy (2009). "The Railways Of Britain: An Unstudied Map Corpus".
2747:
is an elevated platform used to transfer minerals such as coal from railway waggons onto ships.
2340:
2328:
2148:
1951:
1611:
1381:
1322:
1740:
c. lxxiii) on 17 June 1852; Pease had to guarantee dividends to raise the finance needed. The
815:
6955:
5845:
3470:
2401:
2323:
2037:
1480:
1399:
1306:
961:
476:
241:
184:
2437:
2364:
2132:
opened in 1895, and the line over Stainmore to Tebay was doubled by the end of the century.
6771:
6528:
5788:
5762:
5696:
2289:
2202:
2186:
2049:
1935:
1433:
427:
180:
172:
156:
152:
2271:
8:
6981:
2854:
1959:
1872:
1826:
1821:, via Guisborough and a bridge over the Middlesbrough & Redcar Railway to a jetty at
1112:
350:
6908:
Jubilee Memorial of the Railway System: A History of the Stockton and Darlington Railway
6906:
1841:
c. cxvi) also authorised the merger of the S&DR with the railways it held on lease.
944:
6833:
6318:
3187:
3103:
2057:
1755:
1266:
611:
The opening procession of the Stockton and Darlington Railway crosses the Skerne bridge
6493:
6467:
1906:
905:
6929:
6912:
6839:
6815:
6798:
6750:
6726:
6709:
6690:
6669:
6650:
6631:
6612:
6593:
6574:
6555:
6532:
6295:
5851:
4405:
3651:
3476:
3449:
3264:
3107:
2862:
2836:, pp. 94–95) states that these were the last horses to be used on the line, but
2759:
A Chapter in the History of Railway Locomotion, with Memoir of Timothy Hackworth, etc
2389:
2238:
2227:
2159:
2135:
1852:
1108:
786:
630:
408:
380:
6766:
3643:
220:
6792:
5784:
5758:
5308:
3095:
2421:
2405:
2377:
2297:
2246:
2194:
2167:
2162:, on 1 January 1923 the North Eastern Railway became the North Eastern area of the
2014:
1966:
1947:
1886:
1848:
1838:
1800:
1737:
1675:
964:. Representatives of the Y&NMR and S&DR met two weeks later and formed the
873:
607:
595:
265:
245:
200:
124:
51:
Map of the original planned route of the railway, taken from the prospectus of 1821
31:
4130:
2408:
runs special services over its line from Bishop Auckland to Eastgate-in-Weardale.
2024:
6829:
6684:
5847:
Government, the Railways and the Modernization of Britain: Beeching's Last Trains
3193:
2648:
2579:
2431:
1024:
877:
868:-mile (18.5 km) line linking Simpasture on the S&DR's line near today's
578:
562:
437:
433:
363:
346:
336:
6686:
The Origins of Railway Enterprise: The Stockton and Darlington Railway 1821–1863
159:
and Darlington, but its main expansion was at Middlesbrough Docks and west into
6835:
The Railways of Great Britain and Ireland Practically Described and Illustrated
3198:
3194:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
2858:
2621:
2426:
2293:
2106:
1931:
1878:
1624:
1563:
1551:
1496:
1238:
1230:
1136:
1132:
566:
236:, and then horse and carts as the roads were improved. A canal was proposed by
6030:
Kershaw, Roland (27 September 1975). "Future care of railways' past secured".
3099:
2388:, the oldest railway bridge in continuous use in the world. At Shildon is the
7001:
6950:
Original report by George Stephenson on the proposal to construct the railway
6843:
6802:
6754:
6740:
6647:
A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume IV The North East
6430:
6424:
2727:
2510:
2385:
2381:
2311:
2144:
2018:
1970:
1856:
1813:, the Durham & Cleveland Union Railway proposed a line from the mines in
1630:
1615:
1603:
1587:
1428:
1160:
881:
846:
654:
570:
229:
72:
6713:
5019:
2139:
The former S&DR, shown in red, as part of the larger NER network of 1904
6916:
4980:
1955:
1814:
1688:
1509:
1335:
1121:
808:
662:
574:
505:
367:
2445:
As of July 2016 a two train per hour off-peak service is provided by
1918:
and needs to be mixed with purer ores, such as those on the west coast in
1546:, a short extension to Redcar, received permission on 21 July 1845 in the
2441:
Northern Rail diesel multiple unit on the Tees Valley Line at Redcar East
2053:
423:
128:
68:
5370:
922:
773:
broke a wheel, and it was not ready for traffic until 12 or 13 October;
6985:
2731:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1117:
1054:
752:
589:
261:
6268:
2509:, p. 150) indicates that Stephenson visited Pease uninvited, but
1258:
1180:
allowed direct access to Gateshead. This required the construction of
6448:
6436:
2857:
was the first public railway in 1801, a locomotive hauled a coach in
2567:
2143:
From 1913 former S&DR lines were electrified with 1,500 VDC
1634:
The railways in Cleveland in 1863, the Cleveland Railway shown in red
1050:
233:
6746:
Lives of the Engineers. The Locomotive. George and Robert Stephenson
6590:
Cavalcade Reflections: Official British Rail Eastern Region Souvenir
3694:
3692:
2013:
south of Darlington North Road station in 1853 and later it built a
2723:
2590:) apart. The gauge of the S&DR was given in early documents as
2412:
road project hope to preserve the stones along a new bicycle path.
1927:
1818:
1595:
789:, locomotive superintendent, used the boiler from the unsuccessful
634:
558:
492:
404:
387:
as treasurer; a majority of the managing committee, which included
176:
160:
6405:
2404:
and a former coal drops, which are listed buildings. The heritage
620:, arrived on the evening of 26 September 1825 and was attached to
5627:
5625:
3952:
3704:
3689:
3261:
George Stephenson: A Biographical Study of the Father of Railways
2348:
1169:
968:(GNER), a line from York to Newcastle that used the route of the
257:
30:
For the current line that uses most of this railway‘s route, see
4943:
4941:
2292:
in Darlington was opened by the Duke and Duchess of York (later
6775:. Vol. XIII. London: Baldwin, Cradock and Joy. p. 223
5550:
5502:
4970:
4968:
2744:
2696:
2339:
headed a procession of locomotives, which was completed by the
1703:
1524:
1350:
520:
273:
164:
6393:
6381:
6357:
6333:
5622:
5526:
2992:
1176:
from Washington to Brockley Whins, where a new curve onto the
769:
The locomotives were unreliable at first. Soon after opening,
5574:
5265:
5161:
5055:
4992:
4938:
4844:
4602:
Bradshaw's Monthly General Railway and Steam Navigation Guide
4381:
4231:
4207:
4195:
3612:
2624:
used by 60 per cent of railways worldwide. The difference of
2123:
2117:
2111:
2101:
1975:
1939:
1599:
1091:
1066:
6966:
5923:
5921:
5703:. (Originally published by the British Transport Commission)
5694:
4965:
4472:
4051:
4003:
3916:
3868:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3665:
3600:
3537:
3513:
3501:
3425:
2598:), but the distance between the rails was later measured as
1145:
6369:
5962:
5960:
5815:
5813:
5190:
5188:
4520:
4508:
4332:
4330:
2643:
The Skerne bridge was shown on the reverse of the Series E
2396:
group, which contains heritage railway vehicles, including
957:
624:, which had been placed on the rails for the first time at
5586:
5442:
5253:
5043:
4856:
4808:
4796:
4754:
4718:
4672:
4670:
4619:
4607:
4537:
4535:
4450:
4448:
4347:
4345:
3991:
3561:
3386:
3327:
3240:
3028:
2968:
2308:
propelled by a petrol engine in a specially built tender.
948:
The north entrance to Shildon Tunnel, which opened in 1842
6468:"Middlesbrough James Cook Hospital railway station opens"
5945:
5918:
5899:
5897:
5654:
5652:
5610:
5538:
5430:
5418:
5394:
5382:
5289:
5277:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5212:
5173:
5106:
5094:
5067:
4928:
4926:
4899:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4820:
4730:
4682:
4643:
4631:
4571:
4559:
4303:
4183:
2944:
2894:
2882:
296:'s fox coverts, it was opposed and defeated by 13 votes.
5995:. No. 44078. London. 28 September 1925. p. 11.
5972:
5957:
5933:
5810:
5514:
5200:
5185:
5084:
5082:
5009:
5007:
4655:
4484:
4327:
4082:
4027:
4015:
3979:
3940:
3880:
3839:
3827:
3743:
3716:
3677:
3624:
3549:
3489:
3398:
2484:
confidence to invest in the dealings of a devout member.
2105:
s used on mineral trains. Later locomotives were of the
1154:
The N&DJR crossed the Sherburn with a timber viaduct
649:
and 21 new coal waggons fitted with seats were waiting.
6993:
Historic Environment Audit October 2016 (2019 revision)
5878:. Liverpool: National Museums Liverpool. Archived from
4694:
4667:
4583:
4532:
4496:
4460:
4445:
4433:
4423:
4421:
4357:
4342:
4315:
4255:
4219:
3588:
3315:
3213:
3150:
3126:
3040:
1402:. The line opened on 8 November 1843 with a station at
248:
invested considerably during the early 19th century in
5894:
5825:
5739:
5727:
5715:
5676:
5664:
5649:
5562:
5490:
5454:
5236:
4923:
4911:
4868:
4832:
4742:
4369:
4111:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
3969:
3967:
3904:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3755:
3733:
3731:
3578:
3576:
3230:
3228:
3069:
3067:
2177:
A diesel locomotive stands at Thornaby station in 1961
1889:
c. cxv) was given royal assent on 3 July 1854 and the
1135:, capable of holding 150 ships, and built by resident
1027:, opened in May 1842. In 1846, the S&DR installed
637:
the train across the Gaunless Bridge to the bottom of
6868:
6454:
6442:
5637:
5598:
5478:
5406:
5224:
5079:
5031:
5004:
4953:
4887:
4404:. North Eastern Railway Association. pp. 52–53.
3892:
3815:
3446:
The Railway Dictionary: An A-Z of Railway Terminology
3367:(Report). Bank of England. p. 27. Archived from
3344:
3342:
3303:
3167:
3165:
2956:
2861:
in 1804 and they were being used commercially by the
2554:, p. 160) states that early tramroads had rails
2525:
Before decimal currency was introduced there were 12
2450:
these continue to Whitby. Tees Valley Unlimited, the
1835:
Stockton and Darlington Railway Amalgamation Act 1858
1770:
Stockton and Darlington Railway Amalgamation Act 1858
1708:
Stockton and Darlington Railway Amalgamation Act 1858
1529:
Stockton and Darlington Railway Amalgamation Act 1858
1355:
Stockton and Darlington Railway Amalgamation Act 1858
697:
mile (800 m) of the Hagger Leases branch, and a
687:
mile (800 m) branch to the depot at Darlington,
6723:
George and Robert Stephenson: The Railway Revolution
6345:
6011:
5991:"Railway Pageant: Centenary display in Manchester".
5466:
5332:
5149:
4766:
4706:
4418:
4291:
4279:
4267:
4243:
3138:
2805:
Passenger accommodation was sometimes classified as
2017:
nearby to replace its works at Shildon. Designed by
1903:-mile (24.5 km) railway opened on 8 July 1856.
71:, crowds are watching the inaugural train cross the
6871:
Tees Valley Unlimited Progress Report December 2013
6794:
The North Eastern Railway: Its rise and development
6241:
6222:
6203:
6063:
6044:
5999:
5307:
4063:
4039:
3964:
3928:
3851:
3728:
3573:
3225:
3064:
3052:
3016:
3004:
2713: long cwt (2,860 lb; 1,300 kg).
2400:. The site includes Timothy Hackworth's house, the
1910:
The SD&LUR viaduct over the Tees Valley in 1858
960:to London by a line to a junction with the planned
6956:The History of the Stockton and Darlington Railway
3525:
3339:
3162:
3114:
2980:
2932:
2763:John Wesley Hackworth was a descendant of Timothy.
2215:Locomotives of the Stockton and Darlington Railway
1227:Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway Act 1842
1060:
379:Concerned about Overton's competence, Pease asked
6571:The Railways of Great Britain: A Historical Atlas
6244:"Details from listed building database (1160320)"
6225:"Details from listed building database (1160335)"
6206:"Details from listed building database (1310628)"
6066:"Details from listed building database (1322962)"
6047:"Details from listed building database (1121262)"
5313:"Details from listed building database (1121229)"
4547:
939:
737:, and by the beginning of 1827 was 8 shillings 6
244:in 1815, but both schemes failed. The harbour of
224:The seal of the Stockton & Darlington Railway
6999:
5697:"Modernisation and Re-Equipment of British Rail"
4156:
2497:., a great part of which is already subscribed."
199:Much of the original route is now served by the
6029:
4786:"Stanhope and Tyne Railroad Company (RAIL 663)"
3182:
3180:
2647:that featured George Stephenson, issued by the
2232:Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway
2032:In 1859, a company had been formed to link the
1398:-mile (13.3 km) line from South Church to
288:in March 1819, but as the route passed through
5864:
1883:Darlington and Barnard Castle Railway Act 1854
1829:, and the Tees crossed by a swing bridge. The
1732:Middlesbrough and Guisborough Railway Act 1852
1645:Middlesbrough and Guisborough Railway Act 1852
1159:railway via the west coast. Railway financier
65:Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway
6494:"Newton Aycliffe's Hitachi train plant opens"
6291:"Uncovered: sleeping giants of first railway"
6140:. North Eastern Locomotive Preservation Group
4402:A History of North Eastern Railway Signalling
1376:Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway Act 1837
1281:Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway Act 1837
7043:Transport in the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees
6850:
6411:
6399:
6387:
6375:
6363:
6339:
5133:. Newsquest (North East) Ltd. Archived from
5124:
3475:. Northumbria University Press. p. 30.
3177:
2521:
2519:
1995:
839:
819:The Union coach as shown in an advertisement
6853:Route Specifications – London North Eastern
6113:"WATCH: Locomotion No 1 arrives in Shildon"
5127:"Saltburn 150 Pt V: The founder's memories"
4152:
4150:
4148:
3085:
2376:, the station buildings and goods shed are
2266:
902:had taken control of the Clarence Railway.
397:
6548:Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies
6299:. Newsquest (North East) Ltd. 14 June 2007
5789:"The Reshaping of British Railways (maps)"
4100:
2920:. Newsquest (North East) Ltd. 16 June 2008
2219:
1094:steam locomotives operated by the railway.
633:. A waggon of flour bags was attached and
151:The S&DR was involved in building the
57:
45:
6787:
6181:. National Railway Museum. Archived from
6162:. National Railway Museum. Archived from
5927:
5580:
5532:
5436:
5295:
5283:
5271:
5167:
5100:
5061:
4998:
4986:
4947:
4905:
4850:
4826:
4778:
4736:
4688:
4649:
4637:
4577:
4565:
4387:
4309:
4237:
4213:
4201:
4189:
4088:
4057:
4033:
4021:
4009:
3985:
3958:
3946:
3922:
3886:
3874:
3845:
3833:
3809:
3797:
3785:
3773:
3749:
3722:
3710:
3698:
3683:
3671:
3630:
3618:
3606:
3594:
3567:
3555:
3543:
3519:
3507:
3495:
3468:
3431:
3404:
3392:
3333:
3321:
3246:
3219:
3190:inflation figures are based on data from
3156:
3132:
3046:
3034:
2974:
2950:
2900:
2841:
2773:
2682:
2656:
2563:
2516:
1869:South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway
1548:Middlesbrough and Redcar Railway Act 1845
1166:Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway
1146:Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway
876:in honour of the Duke of Clarence, later
7088:British companies disestablished in 1863
7023:Railway companies disestablished in 1863
6926:The Victorian Railway and How It Evolved
5783:
5757:
5352:"Darlington North Road Locomotive Works"
4145:
2865:in 1812; passengers were carried on the
2436:
2363:
2310:
2270:
2172:
2134:
2023:
1999:
1990:Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway
1942:, on the section then controlled by the
1905:
1629:
1265:
1257:
1149:
1085:
943:
921:
904:
814:
723:
606:
553:Stockton and Darlington Railway Act 1823
451:Stockton and Darlington Railway Act 1823
432:
358:Stockton and Darlington Railway Act 1821
306:Stockton and Darlington Railway Act 1821
272:was said to favour the railway, and the
219:
67:, a watercolour painted in the 1880s by
6877:. Tees Valley Unlimited. Archived from
6828:
6761:
6625:
5903:
4589:
4541:
4526:
4514:
4502:
4478:
4466:
4454:
4439:
4363:
3443:
3263:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 75.
3010:
2465:
2151:hauled coal trains between Shildon and
2056:, south of York, through Darlington to
1372:(BA&WR) received permission in the
1235:Great North of England Railway Act 1843
917:
228:Coal from the inland mines in southern
14:
7000:
6923:
6812:The Stainmore and Eden Valley Railways
6809:
6739:
6663:
6644:
6606:
5978:
5966:
5831:
5745:
5733:
5721:
5682:
5670:
5658:
5631:
5604:
5592:
5568:
5556:
5520:
5508:
5496:
5472:
5460:
5448:
5376:
5354:. RCTS. 24 August 2012. Archived from
5338:
5259:
5247:
5230:
5206:
5194:
5049:
4932:
4917:
4881:
4862:
4838:
4814:
4802:
4760:
4748:
4724:
4625:
4613:
4399:
4375:
4336:
4117:
3997:
3898:
3821:
3309:
2672:
2551:
2506:
2109:type. Most passenger locomotives were
1370:Bishop Auckland & Weardale Railway
1312:Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway."
1253:
798:Hackworth was commissioned to rebuild
171:, before the discovery of iron ore in
7068:British companies established in 1821
7013:Railway companies established in 1821
6904:
6682:
6630:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
6545:
6522:
6034:. No. 59512. London. p. 14.
5951:
5939:
5695:British Transport Commission (1954).
5643:
5616:
5544:
5484:
5424:
5412:
5400:
5388:
5218:
5179:
5112:
5088:
5073:
5037:
5025:
5013:
4974:
4959:
4893:
4772:
4712:
4700:
4676:
4661:
4427:
4351:
4321:
4297:
4285:
4273:
4261:
4249:
4225:
4157:Delplanque, Paul (17 November 2011).
4045:
3973:
3934:
3910:
3862:
3761:
3737:
3582:
3258:
3234:
3191:
3144:
3073:
3058:
3022:
2998:
2986:
2962:
2938:
2888:
2837:
2833:
2790:
2652:
2028:The seal of the North Eastern Railway
1811:West Hartlepool Harbour & Railway
1721:Text of statute as originally enacted
1581:
1103:'s self-acting brake, taken over the
584:In 1823, Stephenson and Pease opened
577:was designed by the Durham architect
538:Text of statute as originally enacted
27:English railway company, 1825 to 1863
6838:(2nd ed.). London: John Weale.
6720:
6588:Cook, C.W.F., ed. (September 1975).
6587:
6568:
6351:
6017:
6005:
5843:
5819:
5155:
4490:
4076:
3531:
3348:
3171:
3120:
2914:"Efforts that kept the mines afloat"
2793:Timothy Hackworth and the Locomotive
2777:
2663:, p. 75) does not mention this.
2660:
374:
6962:The Stockton and Darlington Railway
6703:
5763:"The Reshaping of British Railways"
4553:
3362:Withdrawn Banknotes Reference Guide
1384:c. cxxii) of July 1837 to build an
1248:York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway
909:The suspension bridge over the Tees
672:
399:Periculum privatum utilitas publica
260:, and then passing to the north of
169:York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway
24:
7063:Standard gauge railways in England
6967:The Bishop Line to Bishop Auckland
6924:Ransom, Philip John Greer (1990).
6898:
6248:National Heritage List for England
6229:National Heritage List for England
6210:National Heritage List for England
6160:"NRM Shildon: Collection building"
6138:"Hopetown Carriage Works: History"
6070:National Heritage List for England
6051:National Heritage List for England
5318:National Heritage List for England
3472:A Dictionary of North East Dialect
2415:
1544:Middlesbrough & Redcar Railway
1427:-mile (54.3 km) line between
1174:Pontop & South Shields Railway
1124:over the Clarence Railway and the
956:(Y&NMR) was formed to connect
194:The company was taken over by the
25:
7104:
6943:
6683:Kirby, Maurice W. (4 July 2002).
5844:Loft, Charles (15 October 2004).
5379:, pp. 122–123, 177, 182–183.
4989:, pp. 488, 493–494, 497–498.
3417:"Railway Jubilee at Darlington".
2199:The Reshaping of British Railways
1862:
18:Stockton & Darlington Railway
6486:
6460:
6417:
6311:
6283:
6261:
6197:
6152:
6130:
6105:
6083:
6038:
6023:
5984:
5909:
5850:. Psychology Press. p. 96.
5837:
5751:
5688:
5344:
5301:
5118:
4595:
4393:
4123:
4094:
2847:
2827:
2817:
2799:
2164:London and North Eastern Railway
2081:
2034:Newcastle & Carlisle Railway
2004:Christmas Day timetable for 1856
1788:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1781:
1663:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1656:
1473:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1466:
1299:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1292:
934:
469:Parliament of the United Kingdom
462:
324:Parliament of the United Kingdom
317:
117:Stockton and Darlington Railway
7038:Rail transport in County Durham
7028:Early British railway companies
7008:Stockton and Darlington Railway
3648:Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
3636:
3462:
3437:
3410:
3354:
3285:"Robert Stephenson (1803–1859)"
3277:
3252:
3079:
2783:
2766:
2750:
2737:
2716:
2688:
2666:
2637:
2634:inch (13 mm) is a mystery.
2545:
2536:
2500:
2487:
2477:
2241:'s older brother) was unharmed.
1262:The Wear Valley Railway in 1847
1126:Stockton and Hartlepool Railway
1107:, and then drawn by a horse to
1061:Railway operations in the 1830s
1016:Durham & Sunderland Railway
40:Stockton and Darlington Railway
6689:. Cambridge University Press.
6626:Hewison, Christian H. (1983).
6269:"The Weardale Railway Project"
4159:"Middlesbrough Dock 1839–1980"
3421:. 2 October 1875. p. 342.
3287:. Network Rail. Archived from
2906:
2867:Kilmarnock & Troon Railway
2456:James Cook University Hospital
2331:; another procession included
2244:On 1 July 1828, the boiler of
2208:
1954:. The routes were surveyed by
1944:Lancaster and Carlisle Railway
1914:Cleveland iron ore is high in
1208:miles (12.1 km) further.
966:Great North of England Railway
954:York and North Midland Railway
940:Great North of England Railway
926:S&DR offices in Darlington
13:
1:
7093:1863 mergers and acquisitions
6905:Jeans, James Stephen (1875).
6609:150 years of British Railways
5125:Lloyd, Chris (8 March 2011).
5028:, pp. 152–153 and appendix 1.
3444:Jackson, Alan Arthur (1992).
2876:
2277:Exhibition of the Locomotives
586:Robert Stephenson and Company
7053:Rail transport in Darlington
7018:Railway lines opened in 1825
6706:Passenger Class Distinctions
6704:Lee, Charles Edward (1946).
6628:Locomotive Boiler Explosions
6607:Hedges, Martin, ed. (1981).
6093:. Darlington Borough Council
5876:National Conservation Centre
3448:. Alan Sutton. p. 322.
2452:local enterprise partnership
2254:station, killing the driver.
1558:Wear Valley Railway Act 1845
1455:Wear Valley Railway Act 1845
900:Exchequer Loan Commissioners
845:shorter and cheaper line to
7:
6911:. Longmans, Green, and co.
6797:. Andrew Reid and Company.
6569:Cobb, Colonel M.H. (2006).
6546:Awdry, Christopher (1990).
2460:Intercity Express Programme
2359:
1980:junction at Clifton (later
1053:, on the south side of the
1049:, from where trains ran to
1014:miles (5.6 km) to the
391:, Edward Pease and his son
366:. c. xliv), which received
127:, its first line connected
10:
7109:
7048:North Eastern Railway (UK)
6515:
6455:Tees Valley Unlimited 2013
6443:Tees Valley Unlimited 2013
3001:, pp. 52, 79–80, 128.
2844:, p. 529) is unclear.
2341:prototype high-speed train
2212:
1988:, and to link up with the
1866:
1763:United Kingdom legislation
1638:United Kingdom legislation
1448:United Kingdom legislation
1442:Weardale Extension Railway
1438:Wear & Derwent Railway
1274:United Kingdom legislation
1178:Brandling Junction Railway
602:
444:United Kingdom legislation
426:used by Stephenson on his
299:United Kingdom legislation
215:
210:
29:
6789:Tomlinson, William Weaver
6525:The North Eastern Railway
6523:Allen, Cecil J. (1974) .
6179:"NRM Shildon: Museum map"
4400:Mackay, A N, ed. (2016).
3100:10.1080/03085690902923614
2578:), and some, such as the
2354:
1996:Progress and amalgamation
1794:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1719:
1712:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1669:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1533:
1523:
1518:
1508:
1503:
1490:
1479:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1411:Stanhope and Tyne Railway
1359:
1349:
1344:
1334:
1329:
1316:
1305:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1128:that had opened in 1841.
840:Founding of Middlesbrough
536:
529:
519:
514:
504:
499:
486:
475:
461:
456:
449:
330:
316:
311:
304:
292:'s estate and one of the
232:used to be taken away on
103:
95:
85:
80:
56:
44:
7078:4 ft 8 in gauge railways
7033:History of County Durham
5559:, pp. 163, 166–167.
5511:, pp. 174, 191–192.
4107:The Gazette. p. 11.
4101:Reid, H.G., ed. (1881).
3961:, pp. 179–180, 239.
3713:, pp. 116, 142–143.
3701:, pp. 118–119, 142.
3469:Griffiths, Bill (2005).
2776:, pp. 141–142) and
2734:, the US customary unit.
2592:4 ft 8 in
2556:4 ft 8 in
2470:
2267:Anniversary celebrations
2107:Stephenson long boilered
2042:London and North Western
1614:(LNR) built a line from
1436:at Consett, renamed the
1113:Bradshaw's railway guide
952:On 13 October 1835, the
438:Stephenson's iron bridge
415:4 ft 8 in
268:. The Scottish engineer
6649:. David & Charles.
6500:. BBC. 3 September 2015
5634:, pp. 88, 113–114.
4133:. Middlesbrough Council
3419:Illustrated London News
3192:Clark, Gregory (2017).
2678:Illustrated London News
2651:between 1990 and 2003.
2620:), and this became the
2394:National Railway Museum
2345:National Railway Museum
2343:. In the same year the
2322:A festival was held in
2281:Illustrated London News
2220:Accidents and incidents
2183:1955 Modernisation Plan
2153:Erimus Marshalling Yard
2095:opened on 12 May 1868.
1382:7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict.
1323:7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict.
1047:Durham Junction Railway
870:Newton Aycliffe station
851:Tees Navigation Company
781:from Robert Wilson and
547:Hetton colliery railway
354:"the Quaker line". The
6810:Walton, Peter (1992).
3259:Davis, Hunter (1975).
2791:Young, Robert (1923).
2442:
2427:Community Rail service
2369:
2319:
2284:
2178:
2140:
2121:s. Bouch designed two
2029:
2005:
1911:
1635:
1612:Leeds Northern Railway
1271:
1263:
1155:
1095:
949:
927:
910:
820:
729:
612:
441:
398:
250:straightening the Tees
225:
6814:. Oxford Publishing.
6721:Rolt, L.T.C. (1984).
6414:, pp. 53–54, 73.
6319:"Named railway lines"
4790:The National Archives
4164:Middlesbrough Gazette
2726:is the same as 1.016
2440:
2367:
2324:Belle Vue, Manchester
2314:
2290:Faverdale Wagon Works
2274:
2197:published his report
2187:diesel multiple units
2176:
2138:
2093:Middleton-in-Teesdale
2046:North Eastern Railway
2027:
2003:
1982:Clifton & Lowther
1909:
1633:
1594:discovered a seam of
1269:
1261:
1250:(YN&BR) in 1847.
1153:
1089:
962:North Midland Railway
947:
925:
908:
818:
727:
626:Aycliffe Lane station
610:
436:
240:in 1767 and again by
223:
196:North Eastern Railway
108:North Eastern Railway
7058:Horse-drawn railways
6975:March 1843 Timetable
6958:(North East History)
6856:. Network Rail. 2012
6772:Annals of Philosophy
6765:, ed. (March 1819).
5701:The Railways Archive
5535:, pp. 136, 137.
4481:, pp. 415, 422.
4000:, pp. 122, 124.
3621:, pp. 117, 119.
2466:Notes and references
2203:regional development
2149:electric locomotives
2115:s, though some were
2050:East Coast Main Line
1936:West Coast Main Line
1434:Derwent Iron Company
1021:South Church station
918:Railway improvements
639:Brusselton West Bank
563:an iron truss bridge
428:Killingworth Railway
181:West Coast Main Line
153:East Coast Main Line
6767:"Durham Coal Field"
6708:. Railway Gazette.
6664:Hoole, K. (1974b).
6645:Hoole, K. (1974a).
6433:timetable, May 2015
6427:timetable, May 2015
5954:, pp. 157–158.
5822:, pp. 449–450.
5619:, pp. 204–205.
5595:, pp. 183–184.
5583:, pp. 699–701.
5547:, pp. 187–189.
5451:, pp. 148–149.
5427:, pp. 125–129.
5403:, pp. 105–107.
5391:, pp. 125–126.
5274:, pp. 595–596.
5262:, pp. 163–164.
5221:, pp. 121–122.
5182:, pp. 119–120.
5170:, pp. 523–525.
5115:, pp. 116–117.
5076:, pp. 114–115.
5064:, pp. 532–533.
5052:, pp. 126–127.
5001:, pp. 508–509.
4950:, pp. 507–508.
4865:, pp. 191–192.
4853:, pp. 529–530.
4817:, pp. 175–176.
4805:, pp. 174–175.
4763:, pp. 188–190.
4727:, pp. 173–174.
4628:, pp. 118–119.
4616:, pp. 146–147.
4529:, pp. 421–422.
4517:, pp. 417–418.
4493:, pp. 136–137.
4390:, pp. 435–437.
4240:, pp. 384–385.
4216:, pp. 383–384.
4204:, pp. 235–236.
4060:, pp. 187–190.
4012:, pp. 182–185.
3925:, pp. 172–173.
3877:, pp. 166–167.
3812:, pp. 126–127.
3800:, pp. 122–126.
3788:, pp. 154–156.
3776:, pp. 146–148.
3674:, pp. 120–121.
3609:, pp. 138–140.
3546:, pp. 112–114.
3522:, pp. 110–112.
3510:, pp. 109–110.
3434:, pp. 105–106.
3291:on 26 February 2014
2855:Surrey Iron Railway
2761:. 1892. p. 25.
2329:Stephenson's Rocket
2158:As a result of the
1877:A railway to serve
1873:Eden Valley Railway
1254:Wear Valley Railway
1105:Brussleton Inclines
631:St Helen's Auckland
440:across the Gaunless
351:Viscount Barrington
41:
6271:. Weardale Railway
6242:Historic England.
6223:Historic England.
6204:Historic England.
6064:Historic England.
6045:Historic England.
5942:, pp. 1, 189.
5872:"Huskisson Statue"
5358:on 15 January 2014
4664:, pp. 67, 71.
3188:Retail Price Index
2977:, pp. 55, 63.
2863:Middleton Colliery
2756:In an appendix in
2655:, p. 22) and
2443:
2370:
2320:
2285:
2179:
2141:
2058:Berwick-upon-Tweed
2030:
2006:
1912:
1756:electric telegraph
1636:
1582:Cleveland iron ore
1272:
1264:
1156:
1096:
950:
928:
911:
821:
730:
613:
442:
422:) apart, the same
385:Jonathan Backhouse
294:Earl of Darlington
226:
187:and Clifton, near
96:Dates of operation
39:
7083:George Stephenson
6982:Bradshaw's Guides
6935:978-0-434-98083-3
6884:on 4 October 2015
6696:978-0-521-89280-3
6580:978-0-7110-3236-1
6412:Network Rail 2012
6402:, pp. 57–58.
6400:Network Rail 2012
6390:, pp. 71–73.
6388:Network Rail 2012
6376:Network Rail 2012
6366:, pp. 68–69.
6364:Network Rail 2012
6342:, pp. 53–54.
6340:Network Rail 2012
6296:The Northern Echo
6185:on 2 January 2014
6166:on 2 January 2014
6117:The Northern Echo
5981:, pp. 42–48.
5969:, pp. 12–13.
5882:on 9 October 2012
5857:978-0-203-64305-1
5785:Beeching, Richard
5759:Beeching, Richard
5523:, pp. 90–91.
5209:, pp. 75–76.
5197:, pp. 10–11.
5137:on 6 January 2014
5131:The Northern Echo
4703:, pp. 76–78.
4679:, pp. 71–72.
4354:, pp. 67–69.
4339:, pp. 93–94.
4324:, pp. 64–65.
4264:, pp. 87–88.
4228:, pp. 91–94.
3913:, pp. 30–31.
3764:, pp. 61–63.
3652:Project Gutenberg
3570:, pp. 89–90.
3482:978-1-904794-16-5
3455:978-0-7509-0038-6
3395:, pp. 95–96.
3336:, pp. 85–86.
3249:, pp. 79–80.
3037:, pp. 64–67.
2965:, pp. 16–17.
2953:, pp. 45–47.
2918:The Northern Echo
2903:, pp. 40–41.
2796:, cited by Kirby.
2390:Locomotion Museum
2239:George Stephenson
2228:William Huskisson
2160:Railways Act 1921
1887:17 & 18 Vict.
1853:Marske-by-the-Sea
1839:21 & 22 Vict.
1831:Cleveland Railway
1807:
1806:
1801:21 & 22 Vict.
1776:Act of Parliament
1738:15 & 16 Vict.
1726:
1725:
1698:Other legislation
1676:15 & 16 Vict.
1651:Act of Parliament
1540:
1539:
1519:Other legislation
1461:Act of Parliament
1366:
1365:
1345:Other legislation
1287:Act of Parliament
1109:St Helen Auckland
787:Timothy Hackworth
785:from Stephenson.
543:
542:
515:Other legislation
482:the said Railway.
457:Act of Parliament
389:Thomas Richardson
381:George Stephenson
375:George Stephenson
343:
342:
312:Act of Parliament
284:was presented to
125:steam locomotives
113:
112:
16:(Redirected from
7100:
7073:Stockton-on-Tees
6989:
6979:
6939:
6920:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6883:
6876:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6847:
6830:Whishaw, Francis
6825:
6806:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6758:
6736:
6717:
6700:
6679:
6660:
6641:
6622:
6603:
6592:. British Rail.
6584:
6565:
6552:Patrick Stephens
6542:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6505:
6490:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6464:
6458:
6452:
6446:
6440:
6434:
6421:
6415:
6409:
6403:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6379:
6373:
6367:
6361:
6355:
6349:
6343:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6287:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6265:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6201:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6145:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6061:
6059:
6057:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6027:
6021:
6015:
6009:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5988:
5982:
5976:
5970:
5964:
5955:
5949:
5943:
5937:
5931:
5925:
5916:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5841:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5793:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5767:
5755:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5725:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5692:
5686:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5647:
5641:
5635:
5629:
5620:
5614:
5608:
5602:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5560:
5554:
5548:
5542:
5536:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5506:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5446:
5440:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5416:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5386:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5309:Historic England
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5257:
5251:
5245:
5234:
5228:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5183:
5177:
5171:
5165:
5159:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5104:
5098:
5092:
5086:
5077:
5071:
5065:
5059:
5053:
5047:
5041:
5035:
5029:
5023:
5017:
5011:
5002:
4996:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4936:
4930:
4921:
4915:
4909:
4903:
4897:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4866:
4860:
4854:
4848:
4842:
4836:
4830:
4824:
4818:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4764:
4758:
4752:
4746:
4740:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4716:
4710:
4704:
4698:
4692:
4686:
4680:
4674:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4604:March 1843 p. 16
4599:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4563:
4557:
4551:
4545:
4539:
4530:
4524:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4452:
4443:
4437:
4431:
4425:
4416:
4415:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4340:
4334:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4241:
4235:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4167:. Archived from
4154:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3374:on 29 March 2017
3373:
3366:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3184:
3175:
3169:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2870:
2851:
2845:
2831:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2787:
2781:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2754:
2748:
2741:
2735:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2692:
2686:
2670:
2664:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:, had the rails
2577:
2573:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2523:
2514:
2504:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2422:Tees Valley Line
2406:Weardale Railway
2398:Locomotion No. 1
2378:Grade II* listed
2318:at Shildon, 1975
2298:the Queen Mother
2279:as shown in the
2247:Locomotion No. 1
2195:Richard Beeching
2168:British Railways
2126:
2120:
2114:
2104:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2015:locomotive works
1978:
1967:Stainmore Summit
1902:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1785:
1784:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1734:
1733:
1714:Status: Repealed
1660:
1659:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1560:
1559:
1535:Status: Repealed
1470:
1469:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1378:
1377:
1361:Status: Repealed
1296:
1295:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1057:near Newcastle.
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
995:
994:
990:
987:
981:
980:
976:
973:
897:
896:
892:
889:
874:Clarence Railway
867:
866:
862:
859:
771:Locomotion No. 1
764:
763:
759:
750:
749:
745:
720:
719:
715:
712:
706:
705:
701:
696:
695:
691:
686:
685:
681:
673:Early operations
643:Locomotion No. 1
622:Locomotion No. 1
596:Locomotion No. 1
555:
554:
531:Status: Repealed
466:
465:
452:
447:
446:
421:
416:
401:
364:1 & 2 Geo. 4
360:
359:
337:1 & 2 Geo. 4
321:
320:
307:
302:
301:
270:Robert Stevenson
246:Stockton-on-Tees
201:Tees Valley Line
61:
49:
42:
38:
32:Tees Valley Line
21:
7108:
7107:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7099:
7098:
7097:
6998:
6997:
6971:
6946:
6936:
6901:
6899:Further reading
6896:
6887:
6885:
6881:
6874:
6859:
6857:
6822:
6778:
6776:
6763:Thomson, Thomas
6749:. John Murray.
6733:
6697:
6676:
6657:
6638:
6619:
6600:
6581:
6562:
6539:
6518:
6513:
6503:
6501:
6492:
6491:
6487:
6477:
6475:
6466:
6465:
6461:
6457:, pp. 7–8.
6453:
6449:
6445:, pp. 1–2.
6441:
6437:
6428:
6422:
6418:
6410:
6406:
6398:
6394:
6386:
6382:
6374:
6370:
6362:
6358:
6350:
6346:
6338:
6334:
6324:
6322:
6321:. National Rail
6317:
6316:
6312:
6302:
6300:
6289:
6288:
6284:
6274:
6272:
6267:
6266:
6262:
6252:
6250:
6240:
6233:
6231:
6221:
6214:
6212:
6202:
6198:
6188:
6186:
6177:
6176:
6169:
6167:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6143:
6141:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6096:
6094:
6091:"Head of Steam"
6089:
6088:
6084:
6074:
6072:
6062:
6055:
6053:
6043:
6039:
6028:
6024:
6020:, pp. 5–7.
6016:
6012:
6004:
6000:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5977:
5973:
5965:
5958:
5950:
5946:
5938:
5934:
5926:
5919:
5914:
5910:
5902:
5895:
5885:
5883:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5858:
5842:
5838:
5830:
5826:
5818:
5811:
5801:
5799:
5791:
5782:
5775:
5773:
5765:
5756:
5752:
5744:
5740:
5732:
5728:
5720:
5716:
5706:
5704:
5693:
5689:
5681:
5677:
5669:
5665:
5657:
5650:
5642:
5638:
5630:
5623:
5615:
5611:
5603:
5599:
5591:
5587:
5579:
5575:
5567:
5563:
5555:
5551:
5543:
5539:
5531:
5527:
5519:
5515:
5507:
5503:
5495:
5491:
5483:
5479:
5471:
5467:
5459:
5455:
5447:
5443:
5435:
5431:
5423:
5419:
5411:
5407:
5399:
5395:
5387:
5383:
5375:
5371:
5361:
5359:
5350:
5349:
5345:
5337:
5333:
5323:
5321:
5306:
5302:
5294:
5290:
5282:
5278:
5270:
5266:
5258:
5254:
5246:
5237:
5229:
5225:
5217:
5213:
5205:
5201:
5193:
5186:
5178:
5174:
5166:
5162:
5154:
5150:
5140:
5138:
5123:
5119:
5111:
5107:
5099:
5095:
5087:
5080:
5072:
5068:
5060:
5056:
5048:
5044:
5036:
5032:
5024:
5020:
5012:
5005:
4997:
4993:
4985:
4981:
4973:
4966:
4958:
4954:
4946:
4939:
4931:
4924:
4916:
4912:
4904:
4900:
4892:
4888:
4880:
4869:
4861:
4857:
4849:
4845:
4837:
4833:
4825:
4821:
4813:
4809:
4801:
4797:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4771:
4767:
4759:
4755:
4747:
4743:
4735:
4731:
4723:
4719:
4711:
4707:
4699:
4695:
4687:
4683:
4675:
4668:
4660:
4656:
4648:
4644:
4636:
4632:
4624:
4620:
4612:
4608:
4600:
4596:
4588:
4584:
4576:
4572:
4564:
4560:
4552:
4548:
4540:
4533:
4525:
4521:
4513:
4509:
4501:
4497:
4489:
4485:
4477:
4473:
4465:
4461:
4453:
4446:
4438:
4434:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4398:
4394:
4386:
4382:
4374:
4370:
4362:
4358:
4350:
4343:
4335:
4328:
4320:
4316:
4308:
4304:
4296:
4292:
4284:
4280:
4272:
4268:
4260:
4256:
4248:
4244:
4236:
4232:
4224:
4220:
4212:
4208:
4200:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4174:
4172:
4171:on 9 April 2013
4155:
4146:
4136:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4116:
4112:
4099:
4095:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4064:
4056:
4052:
4044:
4040:
4032:
4028:
4020:
4016:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3992:
3984:
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3972:
3965:
3957:
3953:
3945:
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3917:
3909:
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3816:
3808:
3804:
3796:
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3506:
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3340:
3332:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3308:
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3294:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3257:
3253:
3245:
3241:
3233:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3204:
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3185:
3178:
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3143:
3139:
3131:
3127:
3119:
3115:
3084:
3080:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3021:
3017:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2957:
2949:
2945:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2852:
2848:
2842:Tomlinson (1915
2832:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2804:
2800:
2788:
2784:
2774:Tomlinson (1915
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2742:
2738:
2722:An imperial or
2721:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2693:
2689:
2683:Tomlinson (1915
2671:
2667:
2657:Tomlinson (1915
2649:Bank of England
2645:five-pound note
2642:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:4 ft
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2580:Wylam waggonway
2575:
2571:
2564:Tomlinson (1915
2559:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2524:
2517:
2505:
2501:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2432:Esk Valley Line
2418:
2416:Modern services
2362:
2357:
2333:Locomotion No.1
2316:Locomotion No 1
2306:Locomotive No.1
2302:Hetton Colliery
2269:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2100:
2084:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
1998:
1974:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1875:
1867:Main articles:
1865:
1790:
1782:
1769:
1764:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1731:
1730:
1715:
1665:
1657:
1644:
1639:
1584:
1564:8 & 9 Vict.
1557:
1556:
1552:8 & 9 Vict.
1536:
1497:8 & 9 Vict.
1475:
1467:
1454:
1449:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1404:Bishop Auckland
1394:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1375:
1374:
1362:
1301:
1293:
1280:
1275:
1256:
1239:6 & 7 Vict.
1231:5 & 6 Vict.
1221:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1148:
1140:George Turnbull
1090:One of several
1079:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1063:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1025:Bishop Auckland
1010:
1006:
1003:
1001:
992:
988:
985:
983:
978:
974:
971:
969:
942:
937:
920:
894:
890:
887:
885:
878:King William IV
864:
860:
857:
855:
842:
761:
757:
756:
747:
743:
742:
717:
713:
710:
708:
703:
699:
698:
693:
689:
688:
683:
679:
678:
675:
605:
579:Ignatius Bonomi
552:
551:
532:
471:
463:
450:
445:
419:
414:
377:
357:
356:
347:King George III
326:
318:
305:
300:
218:
213:
99:1825–1863
76:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7106:
7096:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6953:
6952:(Network Rail)
6945:
6944:External links
6942:
6941:
6940:
6934:
6921:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6894:
6866:
6848:
6826:
6820:
6807:
6785:
6759:
6741:Smiles, Samuel
6737:
6731:
6718:
6701:
6695:
6680:
6674:
6661:
6655:
6642:
6636:
6623:
6617:
6604:
6598:
6585:
6579:
6566:
6560:
6543:
6537:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6511:
6485:
6459:
6447:
6435:
6416:
6404:
6392:
6380:
6368:
6356:
6354:, p. 448.
6344:
6332:
6310:
6282:
6260:
6196:
6151:
6129:
6104:
6082:
6037:
6022:
6010:
5998:
5983:
5971:
5956:
5944:
5932:
5930:, p. 114.
5928:Tomlinson 1915
5917:
5908:
5893:
5863:
5856:
5836:
5834:, p. 136.
5824:
5809:
5750:
5748:, p. 137.
5738:
5736:, p. 192.
5726:
5724:, p. 219.
5714:
5687:
5685:, p. 184.
5675:
5673:, p. 150.
5663:
5661:, p. 189.
5648:
5646:, p. 234.
5636:
5621:
5609:
5597:
5585:
5581:Tomlinson 1915
5573:
5571:, p. 125.
5561:
5549:
5537:
5533:Tomlinson 1915
5525:
5513:
5501:
5499:, p. 176.
5489:
5487:, p. 133.
5477:
5465:
5463:, p. 167.
5453:
5441:
5439:, p. 594.
5437:Tomlinson 1915
5429:
5417:
5415:, p. 127.
5405:
5393:
5381:
5369:
5343:
5331:
5300:
5298:, p. 529.
5296:Tomlinson 1915
5288:
5286:, p. 544.
5284:Tomlinson 1915
5276:
5272:Tomlinson 1915
5264:
5252:
5250:, p. 148.
5235:
5223:
5211:
5199:
5184:
5172:
5168:Tomlinson 1915
5160:
5158:, p. 450.
5148:
5117:
5105:
5103:, p. 572.
5101:Tomlinson 1915
5093:
5091:, p. 115.
5078:
5066:
5062:Tomlinson 1915
5054:
5042:
5040:, p. 153.
5030:
5018:
5016:, p. 113.
5003:
4999:Tomlinson 1915
4991:
4987:Tomlinson 1915
4979:
4964:
4962:, p. 139.
4952:
4948:Tomlinson 1915
4937:
4935:, p. 122.
4922:
4920:, p. 183.
4910:
4908:, p. 463.
4906:Tomlinson 1915
4898:
4896:, p. 148.
4886:
4884:, p. 177.
4867:
4855:
4851:Tomlinson 1915
4843:
4841:, p. 191.
4831:
4829:, p. 474.
4827:Tomlinson 1915
4819:
4807:
4795:
4777:
4765:
4753:
4751:, p. 188.
4741:
4739:, p. 298.
4737:Tomlinson 1915
4729:
4717:
4705:
4693:
4691:, p. 439.
4689:Tomlinson 1915
4681:
4666:
4654:
4652:, p. 508.
4650:Tomlinson 1915
4642:
4640:, p. 437.
4638:Tomlinson 1915
4630:
4618:
4606:
4594:
4592:, p. 418.
4582:
4580:, p. 400.
4578:Tomlinson 1915
4570:
4568:, p. 423.
4566:Tomlinson 1915
4558:
4546:
4544:, p. 416.
4531:
4519:
4507:
4505:, p. 423.
4495:
4483:
4471:
4469:, p. 422.
4459:
4457:, p. 419.
4444:
4442:, p. 415.
4432:
4417:
4410:
4392:
4388:Tomlinson 1915
4380:
4378:, p. 165.
4368:
4366:, p. 414.
4356:
4341:
4326:
4314:
4312:, p. 278.
4310:Tomlinson 1915
4302:
4290:
4278:
4266:
4254:
4242:
4238:Tomlinson 1915
4230:
4218:
4214:Tomlinson 1915
4206:
4202:Tomlinson 1915
4194:
4192:, p. 189.
4190:Tomlinson 1915
4182:
4144:
4122:
4120:, p. 118.
4110:
4093:
4091:, p. 190.
4089:Tomlinson 1915
4081:
4079:, p. 449.
4062:
4058:Tomlinson 1915
4050:
4038:
4036:, p. 187.
4034:Tomlinson 1915
4026:
4024:, p. 188.
4022:Tomlinson 1915
4014:
4010:Tomlinson 1915
4002:
3990:
3988:, p. 237.
3986:Tomlinson 1915
3978:
3963:
3959:Tomlinson 1915
3951:
3949:, p. 175.
3947:Tomlinson 1915
3939:
3927:
3923:Tomlinson 1915
3915:
3903:
3901:, p. 128.
3891:
3889:, p. 169.
3887:Tomlinson 1915
3879:
3875:Tomlinson 1915
3867:
3850:
3848:, p. 131.
3846:Tomlinson 1915
3838:
3836:, p. 130.
3834:Tomlinson 1915
3826:
3824:, p. 117.
3814:
3810:Tomlinson 1915
3802:
3798:Tomlinson 1915
3790:
3786:Tomlinson 1915
3778:
3774:Tomlinson 1915
3766:
3754:
3752:, p. 142.
3750:Tomlinson 1915
3742:
3727:
3725:, p. 141.
3723:Tomlinson 1915
3715:
3711:Tomlinson 1915
3703:
3699:Tomlinson 1915
3688:
3686:, p. 136.
3684:Tomlinson 1915
3676:
3672:Tomlinson 1915
3664:
3635:
3633:, p. 132.
3631:Tomlinson 1915
3623:
3619:Tomlinson 1915
3611:
3607:Tomlinson 1915
3599:
3595:Tomlinson 1915
3587:
3572:
3568:Tomlinson 1915
3560:
3558:, p. 106.
3556:Tomlinson 1915
3548:
3544:Tomlinson 1915
3536:
3524:
3520:Tomlinson 1915
3512:
3508:Tomlinson 1915
3500:
3498:, p. 120.
3496:Tomlinson 1915
3488:
3481:
3461:
3454:
3436:
3432:Tomlinson 1915
3424:
3409:
3407:, p. 105.
3405:Tomlinson 1915
3397:
3393:Tomlinson 1915
3385:
3353:
3338:
3334:Tomlinson 1915
3326:
3322:Tomlinson 1915
3314:
3312:, p. 154.
3302:
3276:
3269:
3251:
3247:Tomlinson 1915
3239:
3224:
3220:Tomlinson 1915
3212:
3199:MeasuringWorth
3176:
3161:
3157:Tomlinson 1915
3149:
3147:, p. 184.
3137:
3133:Tomlinson 1915
3125:
3113:
3094:(2): 186–214.
3078:
3063:
3051:
3047:Tomlinson 1915
3039:
3035:Tomlinson 1915
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2975:Tomlinson 1915
2967:
2955:
2951:Tomlinson 1915
2943:
2931:
2905:
2901:Tomlinson 1915
2893:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2859:Merthyr Tydfil
2846:
2826:
2816:
2798:
2782:
2780:, p. 143)
2765:
2749:
2736:
2715:
2687:
2665:
2636:
2622:standard gauge
2544:
2535:
2515:
2499:
2486:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2417:
2414:
2392:, part of the
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2294:King George VI
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2255:
2242:
2235:
2221:
2218:
2213:Main article:
2210:
2207:
2145:overhead lines
2083:
2080:
2011:carriage works
1997:
1994:
1932:Kirkby Stephen
1879:Barnard Castle
1864:
1863:Over Stainmore
1861:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1637:
1625:Board of Trade
1607:than doubled.
1604:blast furnaces
1583:
1580:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1255:
1252:
1172:and using the
1147:
1144:
1137:civil engineer
1133:William Cubitt
1062:
1059:
1029:Alexander Bain
941:
938:
936:
933:
919:
916:
841:
838:
674:
671:
604:
601:
567:River Gaunless
541:
540:
534:
533:
530:
527:
526:
523:
517:
516:
512:
511:
508:
502:
501:
497:
496:
490:
484:
483:
479:
473:
472:
467:
459:
458:
454:
453:
443:
376:
373:
341:
340:
334:
328:
327:
322:
314:
313:
309:
308:
298:
256:Collieries to
217:
214:
212:
209:
203:, operated by
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
78:
77:
75:in Darlington.
62:
54:
53:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7105:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7003:
6994:
6991:
6987:
6983:
6978:
6976:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6954:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6937:
6931:
6928:. Heinemann.
6927:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6909:
6903:
6902:
6880:
6873:
6872:
6867:
6855:
6854:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6836:
6831:
6827:
6823:
6821:0-86093-306-7
6817:
6813:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6786:
6774:
6773:
6768:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6738:
6734:
6732:0-14-007646-8
6728:
6724:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6707:
6702:
6698:
6692:
6688:
6687:
6681:
6677:
6675:0-85206-254-0
6671:
6667:
6662:
6658:
6656:0-7153-6439-1
6652:
6648:
6643:
6639:
6637:0-7153-8305-1
6633:
6629:
6624:
6620:
6618:0-600-37655-9
6614:
6610:
6605:
6601:
6599:0-7003-0029-5
6595:
6591:
6586:
6582:
6576:
6573:. Ian Allan.
6572:
6567:
6563:
6561:1-85260-049-7
6557:
6553:
6549:
6544:
6540:
6538:0-7110-0495-1
6534:
6530:
6526:
6521:
6520:
6499:
6498:BBC News Tees
6495:
6489:
6474:. 18 May 2014
6473:
6469:
6463:
6456:
6451:
6444:
6439:
6432:
6431:National Rail
6426:
6425:National Rail
6420:
6413:
6408:
6401:
6396:
6389:
6384:
6378:, p. 60.
6377:
6372:
6365:
6360:
6353:
6348:
6341:
6336:
6320:
6314:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6286:
6270:
6264:
6249:
6245:
6230:
6226:
6211:
6207:
6200:
6184:
6180:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6139:
6133:
6118:
6114:
6108:
6092:
6086:
6071:
6067:
6052:
6048:
6041:
6033:
6026:
6019:
6014:
6008:, p. 11.
6007:
6002:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5975:
5968:
5963:
5961:
5953:
5948:
5941:
5936:
5929:
5924:
5922:
5912:
5906:, p. 26.
5905:
5900:
5898:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5867:
5859:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5840:
5833:
5828:
5821:
5816:
5814:
5797:
5790:
5786:
5772:. p. 103
5771:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5747:
5742:
5735:
5730:
5723:
5718:
5702:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5679:
5672:
5667:
5660:
5655:
5653:
5645:
5640:
5633:
5628:
5626:
5618:
5613:
5607:, p. 78.
5606:
5601:
5594:
5589:
5582:
5577:
5570:
5565:
5558:
5553:
5546:
5541:
5534:
5529:
5522:
5517:
5510:
5505:
5498:
5493:
5486:
5481:
5474:
5469:
5462:
5457:
5450:
5445:
5438:
5433:
5426:
5421:
5414:
5409:
5402:
5397:
5390:
5385:
5378:
5373:
5357:
5353:
5347:
5340:
5335:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5310:
5304:
5297:
5292:
5285:
5280:
5273:
5268:
5261:
5256:
5249:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5233:, p. 76.
5232:
5227:
5220:
5215:
5208:
5203:
5196:
5191:
5189:
5181:
5176:
5169:
5164:
5157:
5152:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5109:
5102:
5097:
5090:
5085:
5083:
5075:
5070:
5063:
5058:
5051:
5046:
5039:
5034:
5027:
5022:
5015:
5010:
5008:
5000:
4995:
4988:
4983:
4977:, Appendix 1.
4976:
4971:
4969:
4961:
4956:
4949:
4944:
4942:
4934:
4929:
4927:
4919:
4914:
4907:
4902:
4895:
4890:
4883:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4864:
4859:
4852:
4847:
4840:
4835:
4828:
4823:
4816:
4811:
4804:
4799:
4791:
4787:
4781:
4775:, p. 75.
4774:
4769:
4762:
4757:
4750:
4745:
4738:
4733:
4726:
4721:
4715:, p. 90.
4714:
4709:
4702:
4697:
4690:
4685:
4678:
4673:
4671:
4663:
4658:
4651:
4646:
4639:
4634:
4627:
4622:
4615:
4610:
4603:
4598:
4591:
4586:
4579:
4574:
4567:
4562:
4555:
4550:
4543:
4538:
4536:
4528:
4523:
4516:
4511:
4504:
4499:
4492:
4487:
4480:
4475:
4468:
4463:
4456:
4451:
4449:
4441:
4436:
4430:, p. 74.
4429:
4424:
4422:
4413:
4411:9781873513996
4407:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4384:
4377:
4372:
4365:
4360:
4353:
4348:
4346:
4338:
4333:
4331:
4323:
4318:
4311:
4306:
4300:, p. 64.
4299:
4294:
4288:, p. 59.
4287:
4282:
4276:, p. 80.
4275:
4270:
4263:
4258:
4252:, p. 68.
4251:
4246:
4239:
4234:
4227:
4222:
4215:
4210:
4203:
4198:
4191:
4186:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4132:
4131:"Census 2011"
4126:
4119:
4114:
4106:
4105:
4097:
4090:
4085:
4078:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4059:
4054:
4048:, p. 74.
4047:
4042:
4035:
4030:
4023:
4018:
4011:
4006:
3999:
3994:
3987:
3982:
3976:, p. 42.
3975:
3970:
3968:
3960:
3955:
3948:
3943:
3937:, p. 75.
3936:
3931:
3924:
3919:
3912:
3907:
3900:
3895:
3888:
3883:
3876:
3871:
3865:, p. 30.
3864:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3847:
3842:
3835:
3830:
3823:
3818:
3811:
3806:
3799:
3794:
3787:
3782:
3775:
3770:
3763:
3758:
3751:
3746:
3740:, p. 61.
3739:
3734:
3732:
3724:
3719:
3712:
3707:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3685:
3680:
3673:
3668:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3632:
3627:
3620:
3615:
3608:
3603:
3597:, p. 91.
3596:
3591:
3585:, p. 27.
3584:
3579:
3577:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3540:
3534:, p. 85.
3533:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3497:
3492:
3484:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3401:
3394:
3389:
3370:
3363:
3357:
3351:, p. 75.
3350:
3345:
3343:
3335:
3330:
3324:, p. 83.
3323:
3318:
3311:
3306:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3272:
3270:0-297-76934-0
3266:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3243:
3237:, p. 20.
3236:
3231:
3229:
3222:, p. 76.
3221:
3216:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3174:, p. 74.
3173:
3168:
3166:
3159:, p. 74.
3158:
3153:
3146:
3141:
3135:, p. 73.
3134:
3129:
3123:, p. 65.
3122:
3117:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3076:, p. 19.
3075:
3070:
3068:
3061:, p. 37.
3060:
3055:
3049:, p. 70.
3048:
3043:
3036:
3031:
3025:, p. 17.
3024:
3019:
3012:
3007:
3000:
2995:
2989:, p. 33.
2988:
2983:
2976:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2941:, p. 16.
2940:
2935:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2740:
2733:
2729:
2728:metric tonnes
2725:
2719:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2623:
2618:1,435 mm
2596:1,422 mm
2588:1,524 mm
2581:
2576:1,219 mm
2569:
2565:
2562:) apart, but
2560:1,422 mm
2553:
2548:
2539:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2512:
2511:Nicholas Wood
2508:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2480:
2476:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:Soho Workshop
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2386:Skerne Bridge
2383:
2382:Head of Steam
2379:
2375:
2368:Skerne Bridge
2366:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2252:Aycliffe Lane
2249:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2082:Later history
2079:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2038:North British
2035:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2019:William Bouch
2016:
2012:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1971:Belah Viaduct
1968:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1908:
1904:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1857:Zetland Hotel
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1739:
1735:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1616:Northallerton
1613:
1610:In 1852, the
1608:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:Henry Bolckow
1586:In mid-1850,
1579:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1459:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1429:South Shields
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1268:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1209:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1161:George Hudson
1152:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
998:
967:
963:
959:
955:
946:
935:The way north
932:
924:
915:
907:
903:
901:
883:
882:Port Clarence
879:
875:
871:
852:
848:
847:Middlesbrough
837:
835:
831:
826:
817:
813:
810:
804:
801:
796:
793:to build the
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
754:
740:
736:
726:
722:
670:
668:
664:
658:
656:
655:field hunters
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:horses hauled
632:
627:
623:
619:
609:
600:
598:
597:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
571:Skerne Bridge
568:
565:to cross the
564:
560:
556:
548:
539:
535:
528:
524:
522:
518:
513:
509:
507:
503:
498:
494:
491:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
460:
455:
448:
439:
435:
431:
429:
425:
420:1,422 mm
417:
410:
406:
402:
400:
394:
390:
386:
382:
372:
369:
365:
361:
352:
348:
338:
335:
333:
329:
325:
315:
310:
303:
297:
295:
291:
290:Earl of Eldon
287:
283:
278:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:County Durham
222:
208:
206:
202:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
90:County Durham
88:
84:
79:
74:
73:Skerne Bridge
70:
66:
60:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
6984:– via
6974:
6925:
6907:
6886:. Retrieved
6879:the original
6870:
6860:28 September
6858:. Retrieved
6852:
6834:
6811:
6793:
6777:. Retrieved
6770:
6745:
6722:
6705:
6685:
6668:. Dalesman.
6665:
6646:
6627:
6608:
6589:
6570:
6547:
6524:
6504:12 September
6502:. Retrieved
6497:
6488:
6478:26 September
6476:. Retrieved
6471:
6462:
6450:
6438:
6419:
6407:
6395:
6383:
6371:
6359:
6347:
6335:
6323:. Retrieved
6313:
6301:. Retrieved
6294:
6285:
6273:. Retrieved
6263:
6251:. Retrieved
6247:
6232:. Retrieved
6228:
6213:. Retrieved
6209:
6199:
6187:. Retrieved
6183:the original
6168:. Retrieved
6164:the original
6154:
6142:. Retrieved
6132:
6120:. Retrieved
6116:
6107:
6095:. Retrieved
6085:
6073:. Retrieved
6069:
6054:. Retrieved
6050:
6040:
6031:
6025:
6013:
6001:
5992:
5986:
5974:
5947:
5935:
5911:
5904:Hewison 1983
5884:. Retrieved
5880:the original
5875:
5866:
5846:
5839:
5827:
5800:. Retrieved
5774:. Retrieved
5753:
5741:
5729:
5717:
5705:. Retrieved
5700:
5690:
5678:
5666:
5639:
5612:
5600:
5588:
5576:
5564:
5552:
5540:
5528:
5516:
5504:
5492:
5480:
5475:, p. 9.
5468:
5456:
5444:
5432:
5420:
5408:
5396:
5384:
5372:
5360:. Retrieved
5356:the original
5346:
5341:, p. 8.
5334:
5322:. Retrieved
5316:
5303:
5291:
5279:
5267:
5255:
5226:
5214:
5202:
5175:
5163:
5151:
5139:. Retrieved
5135:the original
5130:
5120:
5108:
5096:
5069:
5057:
5045:
5033:
5021:
4994:
4982:
4955:
4913:
4901:
4889:
4858:
4846:
4834:
4822:
4810:
4798:
4780:
4768:
4756:
4744:
4732:
4720:
4708:
4696:
4684:
4657:
4645:
4633:
4621:
4609:
4597:
4590:Whishaw 1842
4585:
4573:
4561:
4556:, p. 9.
4549:
4542:Whishaw 1842
4527:Whishaw 1842
4522:
4515:Whishaw 1842
4510:
4503:Whishaw 1842
4498:
4486:
4479:Whishaw 1842
4474:
4467:Whishaw 1842
4462:
4455:Whishaw 1842
4440:Whishaw 1842
4435:
4401:
4395:
4383:
4371:
4364:Whishaw 1842
4359:
4317:
4305:
4293:
4281:
4269:
4257:
4245:
4233:
4221:
4209:
4197:
4185:
4173:. Retrieved
4169:the original
4162:
4135:. Retrieved
4125:
4113:
4103:
4096:
4084:
4053:
4041:
4029:
4017:
4005:
3993:
3981:
3954:
3942:
3930:
3918:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3870:
3841:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3757:
3745:
3718:
3706:
3679:
3667:
3655:. Retrieved
3647:
3638:
3626:
3614:
3602:
3590:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3527:
3515:
3503:
3491:
3471:
3464:
3445:
3439:
3427:
3418:
3412:
3400:
3388:
3378:12 September
3376:. Retrieved
3369:the original
3356:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3289:the original
3279:
3260:
3254:
3242:
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3197:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3011:Thomson 1819
3006:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2934:
2924:12 September
2922:. Retrieved
2917:
2908:
2896:
2891:, back page.
2884:
2849:
2829:
2819:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2792:
2785:
2768:
2758:
2752:
2739:
2718:
2690:
2676:
2673:Smiles (1904
2668:
2639:
2552:Smiles (1904
2547:
2538:
2507:Smiles (1904
2502:
2494:
2489:
2479:
2444:
2420:The current
2419:
2410:
2397:
2371:
2336:
2332:
2321:
2315:
2305:
2286:
2276:
2260:block system
2250:exploded at
2245:
2198:
2192:
2180:
2157:
2142:
2097:
2085:
2062:
2031:
2007:
1964:
1956:Thomas Bouch
1934:to meet the
1913:
1876:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1815:Skinningrove
1808:
1760:
1729:
1727:
1693:17 June 1852
1689:Royal assent
1621:Eaglescliffe
1609:
1592:John Vaughan
1585:
1576:
1555:
1541:
1514:31 July 1845
1510:Royal assent
1408:
1373:
1367:
1340:15 July 1837
1336:Royal assent
1244:
1210:
1157:
1130:
1097:
1064:
999:
951:
929:
912:
843:
833:
829:
824:
822:
809:dandy waggon
805:
799:
795:Royal George
794:
790:
782:
778:
774:
770:
768:
731:
676:
667:Preston Park
663:Eaglescliffe
659:
651:
646:
642:
621:
617:
614:
594:
583:
575:River Skerne
550:
544:
506:Royal assent
396:
393:Joseph Pease
378:
368:royal assent
355:
344:
282:private bill
277:Edward Pease
254:
238:George Dixon
227:
193:
179:to join the
163:and east to
150:
120:
116:
114:
64:
36:
6888:31 December
6725:. Penguin.
6325:31 December
5979:Hoole 1974b
5967:Hoole 1974b
5886:28 November
5832:Hoole 1974a
5746:Hoole 1974a
5734:Walton 1992
5722:Hoole 1974a
5707:25 November
5683:Hoole 1974a
5671:Walton 1992
5659:Walton 1992
5632:Hedges 1981
5605:Walton 1992
5593:Hoole 1974a
5569:Hoole 1974a
5557:Walton 1992
5521:Hoole 1974a
5509:Hoole 1974a
5497:Hoole 1974a
5473:Hoole 1974b
5461:Walton 1992
5449:Walton 1992
5377:Hoole 1974a
5339:Hoole 1974b
5260:Walton 1992
5248:Walton 1992
5231:Walton 1992
5207:Walton 1992
5195:Walton 1992
5050:Hoole 1974a
4933:Hoole 1974a
4918:Hoole 1974a
4882:Hoole 1974a
4863:Hoole 1974a
4839:Hoole 1974a
4815:Hoole 1974a
4803:Hoole 1974a
4761:Hoole 1974a
4749:Hoole 1974a
4725:Hoole 1974a
4626:Hoole 1974a
4614:Hoole 1974a
4376:Hoole 1974a
4337:Hoole 1974a
4137:27 December
4118:Hoole 1974a
3998:Hoole 1974a
3899:Hoole 1974a
3822:Hoole 1974a
3310:Smiles 1904
3088:Imago Mundi
2838:Allen (1974
2834:Kirby (2002
2653:Allen (1974
2434:to Whitby.
2209:Locomotives
2054:Knottingley
1849:Henry Pease
1823:Cargo Fleet
1704:Repealed by
1525:Repealed by
1351:Repealed by
1092:six coupled
1067:six coupled
1023:, south of
521:Repealed by
510:23 May 1823
495:. c. xxxiii
242:John Rennie
69:John Dobbin
7002:Categories
6986:Wikisource
6611:. Hamlyn.
5952:Allen 1974
5940:Kirby 2002
5644:Allen 1974
5617:Allen 1974
5545:Allen 1974
5485:Allen 1974
5425:Allen 1974
5413:Allen 1974
5401:Allen 1974
5389:Allen 1974
5362:14 January
5324:14 January
5219:Allen 1974
5180:Allen 1974
5113:Allen 1974
5089:Allen 1974
5074:Allen 1974
5038:Kirby 2002
5026:Kirby 2002
5014:Allen 1974
4975:Kirby 2002
4960:Kirby 2002
4894:Awdry 1990
4773:Allen 1974
4713:Allen 1974
4701:Allen 1974
4677:Allen 1974
4662:Allen 1974
4428:Allen 1974
4352:Allen 1974
4322:Allen 1974
4298:Allen 1974
4286:Allen 1974
4274:Kirby 2002
4262:Kirby 2002
4250:Kirby 2002
4226:Kirby 2002
4046:Kirby 2002
3974:Allen 1974
3935:Kirby 2002
3911:Allen 1974
3863:Allen 1974
3762:Kirby 2002
3738:Kirby 2002
3583:Allen 1974
3235:Allen 1974
3145:Kirby 2002
3074:Allen 1974
3059:Kirby 2002
3023:Allen 1974
2999:Kirby 2002
2987:Kirby 2002
2963:Allen 1974
2939:Allen 1974
2889:Kirby 2002
2877:References
2778:Rolt (1984
2732:short tons
2730:and 1.120
2661:Rolt (1984
2570:was about
2568:waggonways
2374:North Road
2337:Locomotion
2205:concerns.
2078:per cent.
1960:River Eden
1938:(WCML) at
1924:Lancashire
1920:Cumberland
1916:phosphorus
1568:Frosterley
1481:Long title
1307:Long title
1118:Hartlepool
1055:River Tyne
825:Experiment
800:Chittaprat
791:Chittaprat
783:Experiment
779:Chittaprat
753:River Wear
647:Experiment
618:Experiment
590:locomotive
477:Long title
286:Parliament
262:Darlington
234:packhorses
137:Darlington
129:collieries
6844:833076248
6803:504251788
6755:220796785
6529:Ian Allan
6429:Table 45
6423:Table 44
6352:Cobb 2006
6275:1 January
6253:1 January
6234:1 January
6215:1 January
6189:1 January
6170:1 January
6144:1 January
6097:1 January
6075:1 January
6056:1 January
6032:The Times
6018:Cook 1975
6006:Cook 1975
5993:The Times
5820:Cobb 2006
5802:4 January
5776:4 January
5156:Cobb 2006
5141:1 January
4491:Rolt 1984
4077:Cobb 2006
3532:Rolt 1984
3349:Rolt 1984
3172:Rolt 1984
3121:Rolt 1984
3108:128691305
2584:5 ft
2572:4 ft
2529:(d) in a
2527:old pence
2193:In 1963,
1678:c. lxxiii
1051:Gateshead
735:shillings
573:over the
339:. c. xliv
264:to reach
173:Cleveland
104:Successor
6832:(1842).
6791:(1915).
6743:(1904).
6714:12040938
6472:BBC News
5787:(1963).
5761:(1963).
4554:Lee 1946
4175:24 March
3644:"staith"
3295:25 March
2869:in 1818.
2772:Compare
2724:long ton
2614: in
2531:shilling
2447:Northern
2360:Heritage
2130:Wearhead
1928:Pennines
1827:Saltburn
1819:Staithes
1796:Citation
1671:Citation
1596:iron ore
1572:Stanhope
1492:Citation
1325:c. cxxii
1318:Citation
559:4 Geo. 4
493:4 Geo. 4
488:Citation
405:plateway
332:Citation
266:Stockton
205:Northern
177:Pennines
161:Weardale
155:between
145:new port
141:Stockton
121:S&DR
81:Overview
6917:2295793
6779:25 July
6516:Sources
6303:14 June
5798:. map 9
3657:8 March
2814:tracks.
2811:outside
2708:⁄
2697:bushels
2629:⁄
2609:⁄
2380:as the
2349:Clapham
2283:in 1875
2230:at the
2089:Consett
2073:⁄
1986:Penrith
1952:Appleby
1948:Penrith
1898:⁄
1803:c. cxvi
1749:⁄
1499:c. clii
1486:Durham.
1422:⁄
1393:⁄
1220:⁄
1203:⁄
1189:⁄
1170:Rainton
1101:Rankine
1078:⁄
1040:⁄
1009:⁄
991:⁄
977:⁄
893:⁄
863:⁄
830:Express
760:⁄
746:⁄
716:⁄
702:⁄
692:⁄
682:⁄
603:Opening
258:Shildon
216:Origins
211:Genesis
189:Penrith
133:Shildon
63:In the
6977:
6932:
6915:
6842:
6818:
6801:
6753:
6729:
6712:
6693:
6672:
6653:
6634:
6615:
6596:
6577:
6558:
6535:
6122:15 May
5854:
4408:
3479:
3452:
3267:
3106:
2807:inside
2745:staith
2355:Legacy
1122:Seaton
1111:. The
569:. The
409:Robert
274:Quaker
165:Redcar
86:Locale
6882:(PDF)
6875:(PDF)
5792:(PDF)
5766:(PDF)
3372:(PDF)
3365:(PDF)
3205:7 May
3104:S2CID
2824:1852.
2471:Notes
2124:4-4-0
2118:2-2-2
2112:2-4-0
2102:0-6-0
2052:from
1976:4-4-0
1940:Tebay
1683:Dates
1600:Eston
1504:Dates
1400:Crook
1330:Dates
834:Union
739:pence
500:Dates
424:gauge
185:Tebay
135:with
131:near
6930:ISBN
6913:OCLC
6890:2013
6862:2013
6840:OCLC
6816:ISBN
6799:OCLC
6781:2015
6751:OCLC
6727:ISBN
6710:OCLC
6691:ISBN
6670:ISBN
6651:ISBN
6632:ISBN
6613:ISBN
6594:ISBN
6575:ISBN
6556:ISBN
6533:ISBN
6506:2015
6480:2014
6327:2013
6305:2007
6277:2014
6255:2014
6236:2014
6217:2014
6191:2014
6172:2014
6146:2014
6124:2021
6099:2014
6077:2014
6058:2014
5888:2010
5852:ISBN
5804:2014
5796:HMSO
5778:2014
5770:HMSO
5709:2006
5364:2014
5326:2014
5143:2014
4406:ISBN
4177:2013
4139:2013
3659:2014
3477:ISBN
3450:ISBN
3380:2015
3297:2014
3265:ISBN
3207:2024
2926:2013
2853:The
2809:and
2296:and
2275:The
2181:The
2147:and
2040:and
1950:via
1930:via
1922:and
1871:and
1817:and
1590:and
1542:The
1413:, a
1409:The
1368:The
1164:The
1120:via
958:York
775:Hope
588:, a
157:York
139:and
115:The
3186:UK
3096:doi
2789:In
2699:or
2372:At
1598:at
183:at
7004::
6980:.
6769:.
6554:.
6550:.
6531:.
6527:.
6496:.
6470:.
6293:.
6246:.
6227:.
6208:.
6115:.
6068:.
6049:.
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5920:^
5896:^
5874:.
5812:^
5794:.
5768:.
5699:.
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5624:^
5315:.
5311:.
5238:^
5187:^
5129:.
5081:^
5006:^
4967:^
4940:^
4925:^
4870:^
4788:.
4669:^
4534:^
4447:^
4420:^
4344:^
4329:^
4161:.
4147:^
4065:^
3966:^
3853:^
3730:^
3691:^
3650:.
3646:.
3575:^
3341:^
3227:^
3196:.
3179:^
3164:^
3102:.
3092:61
3090:.
3066:^
2916:.
2743:A
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2518:^
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2351:.
1891:15
1574:.
1415:33
1406:.
1182:25
984:34
856:11
709:57
645:,
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191:.
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6892:.
6864:.
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6699:.
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6482:.
6329:.
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6257:.
6238:.
6219:.
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6101:.
6079:.
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5806:.
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4179:.
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3458:.
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3110:.
3098::
3013:.
2928:.
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2703:+
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2611:2
2607:1
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2602:8
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2586:(
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2068:+
2066:7
1900:4
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1736:(
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1424:4
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1237:(
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1222:2
1218:1
1215:+
1213:1
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1201:1
1198:+
1196:7
1191:2
1187:1
1184:+
1080:2
1076:1
1073:+
1071:4
1042:4
1038:1
1035:+
1033:3
1011:2
1007:1
1004:+
1002:3
993:2
989:1
986:+
979:2
975:1
972:+
970:1
895:4
891:1
888:+
886:2
865:2
861:1
858:+
762:2
758:1
748:4
744:1
718:2
714:1
711:+
704:4
700:3
694:2
690:1
684:2
680:1
557:(
418:(
362:(
119:(
34:.
20:)
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