214:
angiography and intravascular ultrasound to assess the blockage in the artery and determine the appropriate size and type of stent. The procedure is typically done in a catheterization clinic, and patients may need to stay overnight for observation. While stenting has been shown to reduce chest pain (angina) and improve survival rates after a heart attack, its effectiveness in stable angina patients has been debated. Studies have found that most heart attacks occur due to plaque rupture rather than an obstructed artery that would benefit from a stent. Statins, along with PCI/stenting and anticoagulant therapies, are considered part of a broader treatment strategy. Some cardiologists believe that coronary stents are overused, but there is evidence of under-use in certain patient groups like the elderly. Ongoing research continues to explore new types of stents with biocompatible coatings or absorbable materials.
314:
providing drainage for compressed ureters caused by tumors, and preventing spasms and collapse of the ureter after trauma during procedures like stone removal. The thread attached to some stents may cause irritation but allows for easy removal by pulling gently. Stents without threads require cystoscopy for removal. Recent developments have introduced magnetic retrieval systems that eliminate the need for invasive procedures like cystoscopy when removing the stent. The use of magnets enables simple extraction without anesthesia and can be done by primary care physicians or nurses rather than urologists. This method has shown high success rates across different patient groups including adults, children, and kidney transplant patients while reducing costs associated with operating room procedures.
363:
the urethra to apply constant gentle pressure and hold open sections that obstruct urine flow. They can be placed under anesthesia as an outpatient procedure but have disadvantages such as increased urination, limited incontinence, potential displacement or infection, and limitations on subsequent endoscopic surgical options. On the other hand, temporary stents can be easily inserted with topical anesthesia similar to a Foley catheter and allow patients to retain volitional voiding. However, they may cause discomfort or increased urinary frequency.
42:
282:
523:
444:
174:
323:
223:
376:
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intervention (PCI), a minimally invasive procedure performed via catheter. These stents have shown clear advantages over older bare-metal stents, improving patient outcomes and quality of life for cardiac patients. With over 90% of stents used in PCI procedures being drug-eluting as of 2023, DES have become the standard choice for interventional cardiologists.
431:
then removed after positioning it properly. The stent is then delivered over the guidewire and expanded to keep open the obstructed section of the colon. Complications associated with colon stents include perforation of the intestinal wall, migration or dislodgment of the stent, bleeding, infection at insertion site, or tissue overgrowth around it.
151:
palliative treatments for advanced colon and esophageal cancer. Pancreatic and biliary stents provide drainage from the gallbladder, pancreas, and bile ducts to the duodenum in conditions such as obstructing gallstones. There are also different types of bare-metal, drug-eluting, and bioresorbable stents available based on their properties.
609:
reducing major adverse cardiac events like heart attacks and repeat revascularization procedures. Long-term outcomes are still being studied due to their relatively recent introduction; however, DES have revolutionized the treatment of coronary artery disease by significantly improving patient outcomes and enhancing their quality of life.
494:
cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to treat blockages that narrow your bile or pancreatic ducts. In cases of malignant biliary obstruction, endoscopic stent placement is one of the treatment options to relieve the obstruction. Biliary drainage is considered effective, particularly in bile duct conditions that are diagnosed and treated early.
430:
The placement of a colon stent involves endoscopic techniques similar to esophageal stenting. A thin tube called an endoscope is inserted into the rectum and guided through the colon to locate the blockage. Using fluoroscopy or endoscopic guidance, a guidewire is passed through the narrowed area and
366:
In the US, there is one temporary prostatic stent that has received FDA approval called The
Spanner. It maintains urine flow while allowing natural voluntary urination. Research on permanent stents often focuses on metal coil designs that expand radially to hold open obstructed areas of the urethra.
272:
Vascular stents are commonly used in angioplasty, a surgical procedure that opens blocked arteries and places a stent to keep the artery open. This is a common treatment for heart attacks and is also used in the prevention and treatment of strokes. Over 2 million people receive a stent each year for
604:
Drug-eluting stents (DES) are specialized medical devices used to treat coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease. They release a drug that inhibits cellular growth into the blocked or narrowed arteries, reducing the risk of blockages. DES are commonly placed using percutaneous coronary
268:
Because vascular stents are designed to expand inside a blocked artery to keep it open, allowing blood to flow freely, the mechanical properties of vascular stents are crucial for their function: they need to be highly elastic to allow for the expansion and contraction of the stent within the blood
581:
A bioresorbable stent is a tube-like device made from a material that can release a drug to prevent scar tissue growth. It is used to open and widen clogged heart arteries and then dissolves or is absorbed by the body. Unlike traditional metal stents, bioresorbable stents can restore normal vessel
489:
In the case of gallstone pancreatitis, a gallstone travels from the gallbladder and blocks the opening to the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). This causes a backup of fluid that can travel up both the bile duct and the pancreatic duct. Gallbladder stones can lead to obstruction of the
362:
A prostatic stent is used to keep the male urethra open and allow for the passage of urine in cases of prostatic obstruction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). There are two types of prostatic stents: temporary and permanent. Permanent stents, typically made of metal coils, are inserted into
585:
Metal-based bioresorbable scaffolds include iron, magnesium, zinc, and their alloys. Magnesium-based scaffolds have been approved for use in several countries around the world and show promising clinical results in delivering against the drawbacks of permanent metal stents. However, attention has
150:
being the most common type. Vascular stents are used for peripheral and cerebrovascular disease, while ureteral stents ensure the patency of a ureter. Prostatic stents can be temporary or permanent and are used to treat conditions like benign prostatic hypertrophy. Colon and esophageal stents are
608:
DES gradually release drugs that prevent restenosis and thrombosis within the treated arteries, addressing common complications associated with previous treatments. While risks such as clot formation and bleeding exist, studies have demonstrated superior efficacy compared to bare-metal stents in
493:
In conditions such as ascending cholangitis due to obstructing gallstones, these stents play a crucial role. They help in maintaining the flow of bile and pancreatic juices from the gallbladder, pancreas, and bile ducts to the duodenum1. Biliary stents are often used during endoscopic retrograde
434:
Colon stenting provides several benefits including prompt relief from bowel obstruction symptoms without invasive surgery in many cases. It allows for faster recovery time compared to surgical interventions while providing palliative care for patients with advanced colorectal cancer by improving
213:
The majority of coronary stents used today are drug-eluting stents, which release medication to prevent complications such as blood clot formation and restenosis (re-narrowing). Stenting is performed through a procedure called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), where the cardiologist uses
741:
was introduced in 2003. Research has led to general stent design changes and improvements since that time. Bioresorbable scaffolds have also entered the market, though a large-scale clinical trial showed higher acute risks compared to drug-eluding stents. As a result, the FDA issued an official
426:
A colon stent is typically made of flexible metal mesh that can expand and hold open the blocked area, allowing for the passage of stool. Colon stents are used primarily as a palliative treatment for patients with advanced colorectal cancer who are not candidates for surgery. They help relieve
589:
Clinical research shows that resorbable scaffolds offer comparable efficacy and safety profiles to traditional drug-eluting stents (DES). The
Magmaris resorbable magnesium scaffold has reported favorable safety outcomes similar to thin-strutted DES in patient populations. The Absorb naturally
313:
An ureteral stent it is typically inserted using a cystoscope, and one or both ends of the stent may be coiled to prevent movement. Ureteral stents are used for various purposes, such as temporary measures to prevent damage to a blocked kidney until a stone removal procedure can be performed,
269:
vessel, they also need to have high strength and fatigue resistance to withstand the constant physiological load of the arteries, they should have good biocompatibility to reduce the risk of thrombosis and vascular restenosis, and to minimize the body's rejection of the implant.
154:
The term "stent" originates from
Charles Thomas Stent, an English dentist who made advances in denture-making techniques in the 19th century. The use of coronary stents began in 1986 by Jacques Puel and Ulrich Sigwart to prevent vessel closure during coronary surgery.
367:
These permanent stents are used for conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), recurrent bulbar urethral stricture (RBUS), or detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD). The
Urolume is currently the only FDA-approved permanent prostatic stent.
435:
quality of life and enabling better nutritional intake. However, there are potential risks associated with complications such as migration or obstruction that may require additional procedures or interventions to address these issues effectively.
590:
dissolving stent has also shown low rates of major adverse cardiac events when compared to DES. Imaging studies demonstrate that these naturally dissolving stents begin to dissolve between six months to two years after placement in the artery.
641:, a Dutch plastic surgeon who in 1916 used the word to describe a dental impression compound invented in 1856 by Charles Stent, whom Esser employed to craft a form for facial reconstruction. The full account is described in the
629:(1807–1885), notable for his advances in the field of denture-making. He was born in Brighton, England, on October 17, 1807, was a dentist in London, and is most famous for improving and modifying the denture base of the
805:
135:. A shunt is a tube that connects two previously unconnected parts of the body to allow fluid to flow between them. Stents and shunts can be made of similar materials, but perform two different tasks.
1130:"Simultaneous Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate with Removal of the Permanent Prostatic Urethral Stent Using the High-Power Holmium Laser: Technique in Two Cases and Review of the Literature"
1494:
1055:
Dabir D, Feisst A, Thomas D, Luetkens JA, Meyer C, Kardulovic A, Menne M, Steinseifer U, Schild HH, Kuetting DLR (2018). "Physical
Properties of Venous Stents: An Experimental Comparison".
1274:
ASGE Technology
Assessment Committee, Pfau PR, Pleskow DK, Banerjee S, Barth BA, Bhat YM, Desilets DJ, Gottlieb KT, Maple JT, Siddiqui UD, Tokar JL, Wang A, Song LM, Rodriguez SA (2013).
1106:
1529:
961:
Dyet JF, Watts WG, Ettles DF, Nicholson AA (2000). "Mechanical properties of metallic stents: How do these properties influence the choice of stent for specific lesions?".
797:
310:. This method is sometimes used as a temporary measure to prevent damage to a kidney caused by a kidney stone until a procedure to remove the stone can be performed.
490:
biliary tree via which gallbladder and pancreas enzymes are secreted into the duodenum, causing emergency events such as acute cholecystitis or acute pancreatitis.
654:), and some believe this to be the origin. According to the Merriam Webster Third New International Dictionary, the noun evolved from the Middle English verb
645:. According to the author, from the use of Stent's compound as a support for facial tissues evolved the use of a stent to hold open various body structures.
1226:
Kim GH, Shin JH, Zeng CH, Park JH (2022). "Recent
Updates in Gastrointestinal Stent Placement from the Esophagus to the Colon: A Radiological Perspective".
1837:
715:, who implanted a stent into a patient in Toulouse, France, in 1986. That stent was used as a scaffold to prevent a vessel from closing and to avoid
1498:
1451:
918:
Johnston CR, Lee K, Flewitt J, Moore R, Dobson GM, Thornton GM (2010). "The mechanical properties of endovascular stents: An in vitro assessment".
273:
coronary artery disease alone. Vascular stents can also be used to prevent the rupture of aneurysms in the brain, aorta, or other blood vessels.
1590:
701:
1098:
719:
in coronary surgeryβa condition where scar tissue grows within the stent and interferes with vascular flow. Shortly thereafter, in 1987,
1521:
1551:
Palmaz JC, Sibbitt RR, Reuter SR, Tio FO, Rice WJ (July 1985). "Expandable intraluminal graft: a preliminary study. Work in progress".
539:
A stent graft or covered stent is type of vascular stent with a fabric coating that creates a contained tube but is expandable like a
265:
with pharmacologic agents or as drug delivery vehicles have been developed as an alternative to decrease the chances of restenosis.
250:
arteries. Because of the external compression and mechanical forces subjected to these locations, flexible stent materials such as
326:
Example of a stent/catheter used in the prostate to treat an enlarged prostate and provide relief in cases of obstructed urination
1810:
1315:
Chan L, Moster MR, Bicket AK, Sheybani A, Sarkisian SR, Samuelson TW, Ahmed II, Miller-Ellis E, Smith OU, Cui QN (October 2023).
648:
The verb form "stenting" was used for centuries to describe the process of stiffening garments (a usage long obsolete, per the
723:(known for patenting a balloon-expandable stent ) and Richard Schatz implanted their similar stent into a patient in Germany.
633:, creating the stent's compounding that made it practical as a material for dental impressions. Others attribute the noun
1751:
486:
Pancreatic and biliary stents can also be used to treat biliary/pancreatic leaks or to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis.
1862:
505:
drainage stents are recent developments and have been recently approved in some countries. They are used to reduce
427:
symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, and bowel obstruction caused by tumors or strictures in the colon.
1828:
742:
warning for their use in 2013, and research on the design and performance optimisation of stents is ongoing.
383:
1857:
727:
548:
526:
356:
1471:
763:
379:
1423:
650:
231:
1586:
1867:
775:
52:
1701:
Beier S, Ormiston J, Webster M, Cater J, Norris S, Medrano-Gracia P, et al. (February 2016).
730:-approved stent in the U.S. was created by Richard Schatz and coworkers. Named the Palmaz-Schatz (
1428:
582:
function, avoid long-term complications, and enable natural reconstruction of the arterial wall.
235:
210:(combination of both drug and bioengineered stent), or occasionally a covered stent is inserted.
1452:"How a dentist's name became a synonym for a life-saving device: the story of Dr. Charles Stent"
586:
been given to reducing the rate of magnesium corrosion through alloying and coating techniques.
26:
1750:
Gharleghi R, Wright H, Luvio V, Jepson N, Luo Z, Senthurnathan A, et al. (August 2021).
1436:
476:
1703:"Hemodynamics in Idealized Stented Coronary Arteries: Important Stent Design Considerations"
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8:
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726:
Though several doctors have been credited with the creation of the stent, the first
685:
in
Lausanne were initially called "Wallstents" after their inventor, Hans WallstΓ©n.
41:
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1722:
1714:
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117:
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22:
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to describe the placement of such a device, particularly when a disease such as
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1340:
626:
456:
1006:"Applying Principles of Regenerative Medicine to Vascular Stent Development"
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638:
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416:
307:
1572:
974:
108:(hollow space) of an anatomic vessel or duct to keep the passageway open.
828:"Efficacious use of nitinol stents in the femoral and popliteal arteries"
757:
460:
191:
66:
1820:
1417:
681:
The first (self-expanding) "stents" used in medical practice in 1986 by
522:
82:
885:
716:
258:
138:
There are various types of stents used for different medical purposes.
112:
refers to the placement of a stent. The word "stent" is also used as a
1194:
795:
772: β ring or edge strip inserted into a hole through thin material
754: β procedure allowing a physician to look at a patient's airways
480:
468:
443:
387:
121:
21:
This article is about the medical topic. For people named Stent, see
1825:
552:
502:
472:
464:
93:
1128:
Banerjee I, Smith NA, Katz JE, Gokhale A, Shah R, Shah HN (2020).
173:
1815:
769:
622:
560:
340:
322:
251:
1821:
826:
Vogel TR, Shindelman LE, Nackman GB, Graham AM (December 2003).
661:
655:
303:
207:
125:
1377:"Stent: the man and word behind the coronary metal prosthesis"
700:
The first use of a coronary stent is typically attributed to
447:
Endoscopic image of a biliary stent seen protruding from the
352:
222:
101:
825:
375:
692:
created a balloon-expandable stent that is currently used.
113:
1749:
1003:
1700:
1054:
177:
A balloon-expandable coronary stent on a balloon catheter
1314:
1127:
960:
238:. Common sites treated with vascular stents include the
1843:
Cobalt
Chromium Rapamycin Eluting Coronary Stent System
917:
1550:
1099:"The Spanner Temporary Prostatic Stent - P060010/S013"
261:
at the site of treatment or to inflammation scarring.
1752:"A multi-objective optimization of stent geometries"
230:
Vascular stents are a common treatment for advanced
194:. The most common use for coronary stents is in the
1651:
1497:. Chalmers University of Technology. Archived from
1004:Selvakumar PP, Rafuse MS, Johnson R, Tan W (2022).
920:
Cardiovascular Engineering (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
737:To further reduce the incidence of restenosis, the
1416:
1652:Puranik AS, Dawson ER, Peppas NA (January 2013).
1849:
1415:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1179:"Endoscopic Decompression in Colonic Distension"
869:"Structural Design of Vascular Stents: A Review"
438:
226:Compressed and expanded peripheral artery stents
1225:
621:is that it derives from the name of an English
370:
306:, which may be compromised, for example, by a
285:Example of a ureteral stent used to alleviate
1617:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
1262:
1010:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
351:to allow drainage of the bladder through the
1219:
1170:
796:Center for Devices and Radiological Health.
666:'to stretch', which in turn came from Latin
512:
100:is a tube usually constructed of a metallic
46:3D rendering of a stent in a coronary artery
1610:
1228:CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology
1121:
1057:CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology
1048:
997:
963:CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology
954:
911:
860:
798:"Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) Shunt Systems"
673:
667:
257:Vascular stents made of metals can lead to
497:
40:
1775:
1726:
1677:
1628:
1409:
1392:
1381:Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions
1370:
1368:
1348:
1291:
1202:
1153:
1031:
1021:
894:
884:
843:
1654:"Recent advances in drug eluting stents"
866:
617:The current accepted origin of the word
521:
442:
374:
321:
280:
221:
172:
1495:"His invention saves millions of lives"
766: β diagnostic endoscopic procedure
163:
1850:
1658:International Journal of Pharmaceutics
1522:"Hans Wallsten, inventor of the stent"
1374:
1365:
570:
551:. Stent grafts are also used to treat
455:Pancreatic and biliary stents provide
254:are used in many peripheral stents.
104:or a polymer. It is inserted into the
1816:Drug-Eluting Stents β Angioplasty.Org
1176:
1109:from the original on 21 November 2023
593:
1449:
1437:participating institution membership
1394:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.960872
302:are used to ensure the patency of a
1532:from the original on 2 October 2016
1519:
1492:
1456:Journal of the History of Dentistry
1134:Journal of Endourology Case Reports
643:Journal of the History of Dentistry
517:
13:
1611:Garg S, Serruys PW (August 2010).
1587:"Guide to the Julio Palmaz Papers"
317:
14:
1879:
1804:
1613:"Coronary stents: current status"
509:by providing a drainage channel.
276:
217:
168:
1707:Annals of Biomedical Engineering
760: β examination of the bowel
355:. This is sometimes required in
124:narrowed a structure such as an
1743:
1694:
1645:
1604:
1593:from the original on 2020-11-24
1579:
1565:10.1148/radiology.156.1.3159043
1544:
1513:
1486:
1443:
1308:
1276:"Pancreatic and biliary stents"
808:from the original on 2017-11-04
1768:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110575
1091:
819:
789:
158:
1:
1670:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.029
782:
734:), it was developed in 1987.
543:. Covered stents are used in
439:Pancreatic and biliary stents
384:self-expanding metallic stent
778: β medical subspecialty
612:
549:endovascular aneurysm repair
527:Endovascular aneurysm repair
457:pancreatic and bile drainage
357:benign prostatic hypertrophy
206:, a bioabsorbable stent, a
131:A stent is different from a
7:
867:Pan C, Han Y, Lu J (2021).
832:Journal of Vascular Surgery
745:
451:at the time of duodenoscopy
371:Colon and Esophageal stents
10:
1884:
1630:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.06.007
1333:10.1007/s40123-023-00780-3
1280:Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
1240:10.1007/s00270-022-03067-5
764:esophagogastroduodenoscopy
695:
597:
574:
532:
400:
329:
292:
180:
20:
1838:Stent for Life Initiative
1719:10.1007/s10439-015-1387-3
1424:Oxford English Dictionary
1321:Ophthalmology and Therapy
1317:"New Devices in Glaucoma"
1293:10.1016/j.gie.2012.09.026
1069:10.1007/s00270-018-1916-1
1023:10.3389/fbioe.2022.826807
932:10.1007/s10558-010-9097-9
845:10.1016/j.jvs.2003.09.011
672:, the past participle of
651:Oxford English Dictionary
513:By properties or function
79:
65:
51:
39:
34:
1863:Interventional radiology
1826:The Cardiovascular Forum
776:interventional radiology
529:using large stent grafts
1756:Journal of Biomechanics
1429:Oxford University Press
1375:Roguin A (April 2011).
662:
656:
498:Glaucoma drainage stent
415:treatment for advanced
236:cerebrovascular disease
1146:10.1089/cren.2020.0158
674:
668:
530:
475:in conditions such as
452:
398:
327:
290:
227:
178:
27:Stent (disambiguation)
25:. For other uses, see
16:Type of medical device
1777:1959.4/unsworks_77949
1450:Ring ME (July 2001).
975:10.1007/s002709910007
732:Johnson & Johnson
545:endovascular surgical
525:
477:ascending cholangitis
446:
378:
325:
284:
225:
176:
142:are commonly used in
1105:. 28 November 2022.
627:Charles Thomas Stent
507:intraocular pressure
339:are placed from the
192:coronary angioplasty
190:are placed during a
164:By destination organ
144:coronary angioplasty
1858:Implants (medicine)
1623:(10 Suppl): S1-42.
1427:(Online ed.).
577:Bioresorbable stent
571:Bioresorbable stent
547:procedures such as
479:due to obstructing
263:Drug-eluting stents
148:drug-eluting stents
1831:2019-02-17 at the
1474:on 21 January 2019
886:10.3390/mi12070770
739:drug-eluting stent
678:'to stretch out'.
600:Drug-eluting stent
594:Drug-eluting stent
531:
453:
399:
328:
291:
228:
208:dual-therapy stent
204:drug-eluting stent
179:
1435:(Subscription or
1195:10.1159/000514799
1183:Visceral Medicine
660:, shortened from
421:esophageal cancer
396:esophageal cancer
196:coronary arteries
90:
89:
1875:
1798:
1797:
1779:
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1740:
1730:
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1691:
1681:
1664:(1β2): 665β679.
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1599:
1598:
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1577:
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1548:
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1511:
1510:
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1506:
1501:on 3 August 2017
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1470:. Archived from
1447:
1441:
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1432:
1420:
1413:
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1406:
1396:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1327:(5): 2381β2395.
1312:
1306:
1305:
1295:
1271:
1260:
1259:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1206:
1177:Belle S (2021).
1174:
1168:
1167:
1157:
1125:
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1116:
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1095:
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1088:
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858:
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847:
838:(6): 1178β1184.
823:
817:
816:
814:
813:
793:
710:
677:
671:
665:
659:
541:bare metal stent
535:Bare-metal stent
518:Bare-metal stent
449:ampulla of Vater
403:Esophageal stent
337:Prostatic stents
200:bare-metal stent
83:edit on Wikidata
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332:Prostatic stent
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300:Ureteral stents
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188:Coronary stents
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140:Coronary stents
118:atherosclerosis
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23:Stent (surname)
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1805:External links
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1742:
1713:(2): 315β329.
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1442:
1408:
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1169:
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349:penile urethra
330:Main article:
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295:Ureteric stent
293:Main article:
287:hydronephrosis
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277:Ureteric stent
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218:Vascular stent
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183:Coronary stent
181:Main article:
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1581:
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1536:28 September
1534:. Retrieved
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1503:. Retrieved
1499:the original
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1472:the original
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1459:
1455:
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702:Jacques Puel
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680:
649:
647:
642:
639:Jan F. Esser
634:
631:gutta-percha
618:
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565:hemodialysis
538:
501:
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454:
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392:palliatively
365:
361:
343:through the
335:
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308:kidney stone
298:
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153:
137:
130:
109:
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91:
18:
1520:Bilardo C.
1493:Rorsman B.
1113:21 November
802:www.fda.gov
758:colonoscopy
705: [
461:gallbladder
382:image of a
159:Stent types
67:MedlinePlus
1852:Categories
1762:: 110575.
1597:2018-08-24
1478:27 January
1439:required.)
879:(7): 770.
812:2017-09-25
783:References
717:restenosis
481:gallstones
469:bile ducts
413:palliative
409:esophageal
407:Colon and
390:, used to
380:Endoscopic
259:thrombosis
232:peripheral
1794:235685498
1553:Radiology
1341:2193-8245
1256:246826137
613:Etymology
563:used for
459:from the
388:esophagus
345:prostatic
1829:Archived
1786:34186293
1737:26178872
1688:23117022
1639:20797502
1591:Archived
1530:Archived
1468:11484317
1403:21505167
1359:37558818
1350:10441989
1302:23410693
1248:35166883
1213:33981755
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1107:Archived
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1042:35321023
991:30277458
983:10656906
948:28811127
940:20717726
905:34210099
854:14681606
806:Archived
746:See also
669:extentus
663:extenten
561:fistulas
553:stenoses
503:Glaucoma
473:duodenum
465:pancreas
110:Stenting
94:medicine
1728:4764643
1679:3567608
1573:3159043
1505:25 July
1418:"stent"
1204:8077502
1155:7803212
1085:3580960
1033:8936177
896:8305143
770:grommet
696:History
675:extendΕ
657:stenten
623:dentist
471:to the
341:bladder
252:nitinol
248:femoral
240:carotid
146:, with
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987:S2CID
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709:]
635:stent
619:stent
417:colon
353:penis
244:iliac
133:shunt
106:lumen
102:alloy
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1782:PMID
1733:PMID
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1569:PMID
1538:2016
1507:2017
1480:2015
1464:PMID
1399:PMID
1355:PMID
1337:ISSN
1298:PMID
1244:PMID
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1160:PMID
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1038:PMID
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850:PMID
711:and
559:and
419:and
347:and
234:and
202:, a
120:has
114:verb
96:, a
53:MeSH
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1764:doi
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