Stealth aircraft - Knowledge

223: 901: 707: 363: 33: 175: 2945: 951:-associated targets while accumulating 6,905 flight hours. Only 2.5% of the American aircraft in Iraq were F-117s, yet they struck 40% of the strategic targets, dropping 2,000 tons of precision-guided munitions and striking their targets with an 80% success rate. However the F-117 still had flaws; it had to refuel and was defenesless in an enemy attack. All F-117 sorties had to be refueled. 807:. In 1983, its designer Reimar Horten claimed that he planned to add charcoal to the adhesive layers of the plywood skin of the production model to render it invisible to radar. This claim was investigated, as the Ho 229's lack of vertical surfaces, an inherent feature of all flying wing aircraft, is also a key characteristic of all stealth aircraft. Tests were performed in 2008 by the 822:, if the aircraft was traveling at high speed (approximately 550 mph (890 km/h)) at extremely low altitude – 50–100 feet (15–30 m). The testing did not find any evidence that charcoal was used, and confirmed that it would have been a poor absorber if used, concluding that the Ho 229 did not have stealth characteristics and was never intended to be a stealth aircraft. 303:, which are often described as counter-stealth radars, are not designed to detect stray electromagnetic fields of this type. Such systems are designed to detect intentional, higher power emissions such as radar and communication signals. Stealth aircraft are deliberately operated to avoid or reduce such emissions. 767:. However, it proved ineffective, and even counterproductive, as sunlight glinting from the covering made the aircraft even more visible. The material was also found to be quickly degraded both by sunlight and in-flight temperature changes, so the attempt to make transparent aircraft was not proceeded with. 501:

researchers revealed details for a system called Associative Aperture Synthesis Radar (AASR) that would employ a large array of inexpensive and redundant transmitters and receivers that could detect targets when they directly pass between the receivers/transmitters and create a shadow. The system was

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Fully stealth aircraft carry all fuel and armament internally, which limits the payload. By way of comparison, the F-117 carries only two laser- or GPS-guided bombs, while a non-stealth attack aircraft can carry several times more. This requires the deployment of additional aircraft to engage targets

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would never match that of a dedicated fighter aircraft. This was unimportant in the case of these two aircraft since both were designed to be bombers. More recent design techniques allow for stealthy designs such as the F-22 without compromising aerodynamic performance. Newer stealth aircraft, like

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and the design's shape and predicted instability. Because advanced computers were available to control the flight of an aircraft that was designed for stealth but aerodynamically unstable such as the Have Blue, for the first time designers realized that it might be possible to make an aircraft that

981:, F-117 Nighthawks and B-2 Spirits were used, and this was the last time the F-117 would see combat. F-117s dropped satellite-guided strike munitions on selected targets, with high success. B-2 Spirits conducted 49 sorties in the invasion, releasing more than 1.5 million pounds of munitions. 334:

This vulnerability is addressed by operating in a manner that reduces the risk and consequences of temporary acquisition. The B-2's operational altitude imposes a flight time for defensive weapons that makes it virtually impossible to engage the aircraft during its weapons deployment. New stealth

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below their wings. When operating in this mode the planes will not be nearly as stealthy, as the hardpoints and the weapons mounted on those hardpoints will show up on radar systems. This option therefore represents a trade off between stealth or range and payload. External stores allow those

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mount points create a significant radar return, stealth aircraft carry all armaments internally. As soon as weapons bay doors are opened, the plane's RCS will be multiplied and even older generation radar systems will be able to locate the stealth aircraft. While the aircraft will reacquire its

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doors can more than double an otherwise stealthy aircraft's radar return. Stealth is accomplished by using a complex design philosophy to reduce the ability of an opponent's sensors to detect, track, or attack the stealth aircraft. This philosophy takes into account the heat, sound, and other

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and were the only coalition aircraft allowed to operate inside Baghdad's city limits and over its airspace. The F-117 while having sufficient stealth, also had a low visual signature. Even still, if the F-117 was visually acquired, it, like all aircraft, were subject to visual air-to-air

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that would normally require a single non-stealth attack aircraft. This apparent disadvantage however is offset by the reduction in fewer supporting aircraft that are required to provide air cover, air-defense suppression and electronic counter measures, making stealth aircraft "

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While no aircraft is completely invisible to radar, stealth aircraft make it more difficult for conventional radar to detect or track the aircraft effectively, increasing the odds of an aircraft avoiding detection by enemy radar and/or avoiding being successfully targeted by

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found that an aircraft made with faceted surfaces could have a very low radar signature because the surfaces would radiate almost all of the radar energy away from the receiver. Under a 1977 contract from DARPA, Lockheed built a proof of concept demonstrator aircraft, the

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in Syria. These Su-57s were deployed along with four Sukhoi Su-35 fighters, four Sukhoi Su-25s, and one Beriev A-50 AEW&C aircraft. It is believed that at least 4 Su-57 are deployed in Syria and that they have likely been armed with cruise missiles in combat.

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originally designed to detect stealthy cruise missiles and should be just as effective against low-flying stealth aircraft. That the array could contain a large amount of inexpensive equipment could potentially offer some "protection" against attacks by expensive

988:, one of the helicopters used to clandestinely insert U.S. troops into Pakistan crashed in the bin Laden compound. From the wreckage it was revealed this helicopter had stealth characteristics, making this the first publicly known operational use of a 354:

aircraft to attack more targets further away, but will not allow for stealth during that mission as compared to a shorter range mission flying on just internal fuel and using only the more limited space of the internal weapon bays for armaments.

974:. The then-new B-2 Spirit was highly successful, destroying 33% of all Serbian bombing targets in the first eight weeks of U.S. involvement in the war. During this war, B-2s flew non-stop to Kosovo from their home base in Missouri and back. 786:. Fitted with a silenced engine and a black gas bag, the craft was both invisible and inaudible from the ground, but several night-time flights over German-held territory produced little useful intelligence, and the idea was dropped. 528:(4.3 μm absorption maxima) detection possible, through difference comparing between the low and high channel. These analysts point to the resurgence in such systems in Russian designs in the 1980s, such as those fitted to the 855:

Reduced radar cross section is only one of five factors the designers addressed to create a truly stealthy design such as the F-22. The F-22 has also been designed to disguise its infrared emissions to make it harder to detect by

3893: 3339: 475:(RCS) in other directions, which the passive radars monitor. Such a system typically uses either low frequency broadcast TV and FM radio signals (at which frequencies controlling the aircraft's signature is more difficult). 294:

The high level of computerization and large amount of electronic equipment found inside stealth aircraft are often claimed to make them vulnerable to passive detection. This is highly unlikely and certainly systems such as

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Full-size stealth combat aircraft demonstrators have been flown by the United States (in 1977), Russia (in 2000) and China (in 2011). As of December 2020, the only combat-ready stealth aircraft in service are the

286:, have performance characteristics that meet or exceed those of current front-line jet fighters due to advances in other technologies such as flight control systems, engines, airframe construction and materials. 838:, a Soviet scientist, to develop a computer program called Echo 1. Echo made it possible to predict the radar signature of an aircraft made with flat panels, called facets. In 1975, engineers at Lockheed 209:

introduce a particular design challenge, due not only to their multiple wing surfaces and articulated joints, but also to the constantly-changing relationship of these to the main airframe surfaces. The

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overcomes the stealth characteristics of the F-117A. In other words, stealth aircraft are optimized for defeating much higher-frequency radar from front-on rather than low-frequency radars from above.

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focused on shorter wavelength radar, or radar setups with multiple emitters to counter stealth shaping. However these have disadvantages compared to traditional radar against non-stealthy aircraft.

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In 2018, a report surfaced noting that Israeli F-35I stealth fighters conducted a number of missions in Syria and even infiltrated Iranian airspace without detection. In May 2018, Major General

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Some weapons require that the weapon's guidance system acquire the target while the weapon is still attached to the aircraft. This forces relatively extended operations with the bay doors open.

245:(RCS) rather than aerodynamic performance. Highly stealthy aircraft like the F-117 Nighthawk are aerodynamically unstable in all three axes and require constant flight corrections from a 143:(2020), with a number of other countries developing their own designs. There are also various aircraft with reduced detectability, either unintentionally or as a secondary feature. 3317: 3263: 111:

emissions of the aircraft which can also be used to locate it. Sensors are made to reduce the impact of low observable technologies and others have been proposed such as

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that is many times more expensive to manufacture and support than conventional bomber aircraft. The B-2 program cost the U.S. Air Force almost $ 45 billion.

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Besides all the usual demands of flight, the design of a stealth or low-observability aircraft aims to reduce radar and infrared (thermal) detection, including:

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Identification of the tank type on the 8-to-10-kilometre (5.0 to 6.2 mi) range, and of an aircraft carrier at 40 to 60 kilometres (25 to 37 mi); and

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F-117s bombed a Panamanian Defense Force barracks in Rio Hato, Panama. In 1991, F-117s were tasked with attacking the most heavily fortified targets in

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systems (IRSTs) can be deployed against stealth aircraft, because any aircraft surface heats up due to air friction and with a two channel IRST is a CO

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Stealth aircraft are still vulnerable to detection while and immediately after using their weaponry. Since stealth payload (reduced RCS bombs and

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strategic stealth bomber. The F-117 performed its usual role of striking precision high-value targets and performed well, although one F-117 was

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strategic stealth bomber. The F-117 performed its usual role of striking precision high-value targets and performed well, although one F-117 was

479: 3400:. An abridged version of the 35th Wilbur Wright Memorial Lecture, which Jack Northrop read to the Royal Aeronautical Society on May 29, 1947. 573:

A tank-effective detection range up to 15 kilometres (9.3 mi), and aircraft carrier detection at 60 to 80 kilometres (37 to 50 mi);

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stealth multirole fighter around in 2011 and made its first public appearance at Airshow China 2016. The aircraft entered service with the

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Reduce radar reflections from the airframe by the use of radar-absorbent materials (RAM) or radar-transparent materials such as plastics.

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batteries. Despite the advantages offered by VHF radar, their longer wavelengths result in poor resolution compared to comparably sized

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aircraft designs such as the F-22 and F-35 can open their bays, release munitions and return to stealthy flight in less than a second.

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stealth as soon as the bay doors are closed, a fast response defensive weapons system has a short opportunity to engage the aircraft.

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was the first operational aircraft explicitly designed around stealth technology. Other examples of stealth aircraft include the

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United States General Accounting Office (GAO) B-2 Bomber: Cost and Operational Issues (Letter Report, 08/14/97, GAO/NSIAD-97-181)

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while not suffering battle damage, while hitting 1,600 high-value targets in Iraq. F-117s flew approximately 168 strikes against

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in 1940, this design allowed for a stable aircraft with sufficient yaw control, even without vertical surfaces such as rudders.

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can overcome certain stealth characteristics. It is claimed that the HF frequency used and the method of bouncing radar from

1041: 925: 4058:"Alleged PHOTO, VIDEO of Russian Su-57 Fifth Gen Jet in Syria Released on Twitter". Sputnik (news agency). 22 February 2018. 3539: 3229: 1029:

of IAF reported that Israeli Air Force F-35I stealth fighters carried out the first-ever F-35 strike in combat over Syria.

999:, where B-2 Spirits dropped 40 bombs on a Libyan airfield with concentrated air defenses in support of the UN no-fly zone. 943:

In 1990 the F-117 Nighthawk was used in the Gulf War, where 42 F-117s flew 1,299 sorties and scored 1,664 direct hits with

4098:[Chinese Air Force deputy commander on first exposure: Domestic upcoming fourth-generation fighter first flight]. 3590: 4399: 3830: 3122:"They're Redesigning the Airplane", Micheal E. Long and James A. Sugar, National Geographic, January 1981, Vol. 159, No.1 1477: 996: 933: 615: 417:. There are many materials used in RAMs, and some are classified, particularly the materials that specific aircraft use. 211: 179: 3564: 3150: 685: 311: 99: 912:

The U.S, UK, and Israel are the only countries to have used stealth aircraft in combat. These deployments include the

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Reduce radar detection from exposed internal surfaces such as the cockpit, weapons bay and engine intake ducting.

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From February 2018, Su-57s performed the first international flight as they were spotted landing at the Russian

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to perform a variety of operations. The F-22 made its combat debut over Syria in September 2014 as part of the

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Rao, G.A., & Mahulikar, S.P.: (2002) "Integrated review of stealth technology and its role in airpower",

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Mahulikar, S.P., Sonawane, H.R., & Rao, G.A.: (2007) "Infrared signature studies of aerospace vehicles",

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stealth attack aircraft were used to drop bombs on enemy airfields and positions while evading enemy radar.

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look for the regular pings of energy from mechanically swept radars while fifth generation jet fighters use

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two stealth aircraft were used by the United States: the veteran F-117 Nighthawk, and the newly introduced

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prototype, an experimental German World War I bomber covered with transparent covering material (1917–1918)

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two stealth aircraft were used by the United States, the veteran F-117 Nighthawk, and the newly introduced

116: 4238: 666: 540:, is equipped with a new Optical Locator System that includes more advanced IRST capabilities. The French 4988: 4959: 4894: 4482: 2483: 2421: 1977: 1737: 1003: 959: 905: 783: 426: 375: 342: 250: 226: 151: 128: 124: 75: 67: 610:

region rather than the optical region, allowing most stealth aircraft to be detected. This has prompted

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Stealth aircraft will continue to play a valuable role in air combat with the United States using the

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radar array. As a result, these systems must be very large before they can have the resolution for an

5403: 4602: 4566: 4337: 4185:"Unmanned escort for manned fighter jets: Airbus presents new Wingman concept at ILA Berlin | Airbus" 3950: 2201: 468: 5182: 5116: 5069: 4622: 4505: 1898: 1686: 541: 487: 46:

are designed to avoid detection using a variety of technologies that reduce reflection/emission of

5273: 5192: 5126: 5079: 5032: 4941: 4904: 4871: 4827: 4694: 4576: 4538: 3770: 3230:"Scouting For Surveillance: Detection of the B-2 Stealth Bomber And a Brief History on 'Stealth'" 2537: 2418: 2333: 885: 830:

Modern stealth aircraft first became possible when Denys Overholser, a mathematician working for

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image of an aircraft target using passive multistatic radar, possibly detailed enough to enable

4840: 4794: 4632: 4586: 4556: 4459: 3425: 3340:"With the J20 stealth fighter in fully operation service, China leaps ahead in Asian arms race" 2752: 2587: 2148: 1397: 893: 681: 623: 503: 371: 307: 274: 98:. Stealth is a combination of passive low observable (LO) features and active emitters such as 3131: 5160: 4933: 4863: 4743: 4581: 4551: 4434: 4386: 1874: 1371: 978: 963: 775: 684:

is a concept increasing radar's effective range over conventional radar. The Australian JORN

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Stealth aircraft are typically more expensive to develop and manufacture. An example is the

4761: 4439: 2251: 2068: 877: 831: 3525: 1044:(PLAAF) in March 2017. Another fifth-generation stealth multirole fighter from China, the 8: 4912: 4876: 4523: 4454: 4404: 2614: 2429: 1759: 1319: 1241: 1215: 1191: 819: 811:

Corporation to establish if the aircraft's shape would have avoided detection by top-end

731: 593: 472: 382:, which represents about half of a B-2's total ordnance payload in Block 30 configuration 242: 103: 4144: 4561: 4424: 4369: 4100: 3491: 2381: 1925: 989: 844: 631: 619: 515: 400: 367: 59: 4130: 4069:"Report: Russia Has Developed Prototype of Air-to-Ground Hypersonic Missile for Su-57" 3760:

See Rich and Janos, Skunk Works; Little Brown & Co., 1994 passim chapters 1 and 2.

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The first combat use of purpose-designed stealth aircraft was in December 1989 during

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was virtually invisible to radar. Lockheed soon developed the Have Blue into F-117.

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Identification of those targets at 8-to-10-kilometre (5.0 to 6.2 mi) range; and

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Detection of non-afterburning targets at 45 kilometres (28 mi) range and more;

464: 388: 3109: 3084: 5234: 5134: 5087: 5022: 4799: 4751: 4707: 4497: 3479: 3267: 3138: 2968: 2958: 2950: 2701: 1712: 1556: 937: 921: 861: 860:("heat seeking") surface-to-air or air-to-air missiles. The F-22 puts a focus on 857: 414: 222: 63: 55: 36: 3237: 634:. An example of a ground-based VHF radar with counter-stealth capability is the 5373: 5205: 5200: 5166: 5139: 4817: 4784: 4666: 4607: 4464: 4429: 3594: 2856: 2831: 2675: 2456: 2384: 2360: 2308: 2121: 1950: 1763: 1633: 1138: 1085: 1045: 812: 796: 537: 529: 456: 323: 39:, the first operational aircraft explicitly designed around stealth technology. 3370:"Первый серийный истребитель Су-57 поступил в авиаполк Южного военного округа" 3204:"Did Russia's New Radar Just Make America's Lethal Stealth Fighters Obsolete?" 971: 936:. The first use of stealth aircraft was in the U.S. invasion of Panama, where 163: 5397: 4712: 3512: 1531: 1408: 1026: 835: 790: 779: 452: 258: 3712:"Technical Study of the Bat Wing Ship (The Horten Ho 229 V3) | ResearchGate" 3393: 868:, high thrust-to-weight ratio, integrated avionics, and of course, stealth. 4835: 4789: 4779: 4756: 4702: 4661: 2963: 2725: 2283: 2226: 1823: 1796: 1504: 1037: 967: 948: 848: 804: 800: 760: 746: 735: 650: 533: 410: 379: 362: 159: 140: 136: 87: 83: 3568: 3178:"Infrared Search And Track Systems And The Future Of The US Fighter Force" 3154: 193:

Reduce radar reflection back to a hostile receiver by shaping the airframe

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Radar versus Stealth: Passive Radar and the Future of U.S. Military Power

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Myhra, David (July 2009). "Northrop Tests Hitler's 'Stealth' Fighter".

3591:"de beste bron van informatie over Aerospace. Deze website is te koop!" 3310:"Marines Declare F-35B Operational, But Is It Really Ready For Combat?" 2778: 816: 689: 635: 603: 599: 447: 206: 4212:"Nationale Deutsche Entwicklung: Airbus zeigt Stealth-Testmodell LOUT" 565:

Estimates of aerial target range at up to 15 kilometres (9.3 mi).

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Reduce infra-red and radar detection during adverse weather conditions

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Reduce thermal infra-red emission from the engine and its exhaust wake

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Aircraft during the 1970s, adopted a mathematical model developed by

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Estimates of ground target range of up to 20 kilometres (12 mi).

350: 3518: 5017: 4329: 2804: 1771: 917: 278: 107: 51: 4239:"The Day We Learned About The Stealth Black Hawk Used In OBL Raid" 2036: 908:, is an American fifth-generation stealth air superiority fighter 750: 670: 654: 498: 174: 4265:"Saab teases early progress with future fighter concept studies" 897:

interception. This was easily circumvented by flying at night.

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systems detect some stealth aircraft better than conventional

249:(FBW) flight system to maintain controlled flight. As for the 4722: 483: 443: 283: 241:

Early stealth aircraft were designed with a focus on minimal

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Earlier stealth aircraft (such as the F-117 and B-2) lack

4129:] (in Chinese). CCTV. 8 November 2011. Archived from 3449:"The $ 2 Billion Stealth Bomber Can't Go Out in the Rain" 1262:

UK contribution to the Global Combat Air Programme (qv).

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comparable to aircraft feature sizes and should exhibit

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Aircraft which use stealth technology to avoid detection

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Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering

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was one of the first attempts at a stealth helicopter.

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proved challenging to design stealth capabilities for.

3394:"Jack Northrop: The Development of All-Wing Aircraft" 730:), a transparent covering material, in an attempt to 676: 618:

such as the NEBO SVU, which is capable of performing

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dropped forty-seven 500 lb (230 kg) class

58:(RF) spectrum, and audio, all collectively known as 3567:. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from 3532: 3484: 815:-band, 20–30 MHz primary signals of Britain's 3252: 1578:France, Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland 4016:"Crisis in Libya: U.S. bombs Qaddafi's airfields" 3667:"Is It Stealthy? | National Air and Space Museum" 3618:The German Giants – The German R-Planes 1914–1918 3110:"Does China's J-20 rival other stealth fighters?" 5395: 3831:"Report: Israeli stealth fighters fly over Iran" 4158:Lin, Jeffrey; Singer, P. W. (3 February 2016). 3640: 3565:"VI – Stealth Aircraft: Eagles Among Sparrows?" 701: 4151: 3260:"Not so hidden dragon – China's J-20 assessed" 349:can also carry additional weapons and fuel on 162:'Neva-M' missile brigade commanded by Colonel 4345: 4105:(in Chinese). 9 November 2009. Archived from 317: 3583: 3385: 486:, have shown that it is possible to build a 405:Stealth aircraft often have skins made with 289: 253:, which was based on the development of the 4288:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3557: 3418: 3382:Rich and Janos, Skunk Works, pgs 30–31, 46. 3002: 1051: 722:, the Germans experimented with the use of 4352: 4338: 1707:France, Germany & Spain (within FCAS) 732:reduce the visibility of military aircraft 661:and has counter-stealth. All ships of the 583: 555:In air combat, the optronic suite allows: 480:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 264: 4236: 4160:"China Stays Ahead in Asian Stealth Race" 4157: 3754: 3685: 3102: 2985: 899: 705: 536:. The latest version of the MiG-29, the 361: 236: 221: 173: 31: 5364: 5335: 5306: 5225: 4979: 4263:Hoyle2024-05-24T15:29:00+01:00, Craig. 4209: 3967: 3943: 3877: 3227: 3175: 14: 5396: 4305: 3799:"Gulf War Air Power Survey- Volume IV" 3609: 3526:"Radical and Cheap Anti-Stealth Radar" 3446: 3440: 3143: 2879:Stealth research, not fully stealthy. 970:'Neva-M' missile commanded by Colonel 770:In 1916, the British modified a small 569:For ground targets, the suite allows: 347:F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter 326:) is not yet generally available, and 4333: 3985: 3983: 3916: 3914: 3853: 3851: 3825: 3823: 3691: 3643:The British Airship at War, 1914–1918 3616:Haddow, G.W.; Peter M. Grosz (1988). 3376: 3350:from the original on 26 February 2018 544:, the British/German/Italian/Spanish 420: 106:, since common hard turns or opening 4359: 3391: 3054: 3052: 3026: 3024: 3022: 2397:NGAD (Penetrating Counter-Air (PCA)) 871: 169: 4147:. news.ifeng.com. 12 December 2016. 3466: 3276: 3201: 997:2011 military intervention in Libya 934:2011 military intervention in Libya 312:Low Probability of Intercept Radars 100:low-probability-of-intercept radars 24: 3980: 3911: 3848: 3820: 3645:. Terence Dalton. pp. 31–33. 3593:. defence-data.com. Archived from 3125: 1042:People's Liberation Army Air Force 995:Stealth aircraft were used in the 686:Jindalee Operational Radar Network 677:OTH radar (over-the-horizon radar) 509: 437: 432: 357: 25: 5415: 4488:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II 4450:McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II 4325: 4210:Schwarz, Karl (5 November 2019). 3929:U.S. Department of Defense (.gov) 3428:. Defensetech.org. 14 August 2006 3320:from the original on 4 March 2018 3286:. Lockheed Martin. Archived from 3049: 3019: 2177:McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II 2005:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II 986:operation to kill Osama bin Laden 825: 552:also make extensive use of IRST. 394: 133:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II 4127:He Weirong: Swordsman of the sky 3778:The George Washington University 3620:(3rd ed.). London: Putnam. 3176:Rogoway, Tyler (26 March 2015). 2943: 2660:Konceptet Framtidens Stridsflyg 914:United States invasion of Panama 789:Nearly three decades later, the 314:with no regular repeat pattern. 4572:Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel 4400:Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche 4310:. London: HarperCollins, 1995. 4299: 4256: 4237:Cenciotti, David (2 May 2021). 4230: 4203: 4177: 4137: 4113: 4088: 4075: 4061: 4052: 4026: 3886: 3791: 3763: 3704: 3659: 3634: 3506: 3362: 3332: 3302: 3221: 3195: 3169: 2044:Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel 1478:Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche 1012:US-led coalition to defeat ISIS 956:1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia 212:Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche 148:1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia 4395:Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird 3968:Schmitt, Eric (17 June 1991). 3447:Weiner, Tim (23 August 1997). 3116: 3077: 2993:Progress in Aerospace Sciences 2562:Northrop Grumman X-47A Pegasus 1346:Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird 1048:is also under flight testing. 774:for the purpose of night-time 413:particles, while some contain 409:(RAMs). Some of these contain 217: 13: 1: 4628:Next Generation Air Dominance 4618:Light Helicopter Experimental 4547:General Atomics MQ-20 Avenger 4145:"编号78272：第二架五位数编号歼-20曝光部署沧州" 2979: 2387:programme. To replace Navy´s 1687:FCAS (New Generation Fighter) 471:, effectively increasing the 407:radiation-absorbent materials 4529:Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider 3228:Tao Yue (30 November 2001). 2511:Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider 702:World War I and World War II 492:automatic target recognition 7: 4989:Global Combat Air Programme 4960:Global Combat Air Programme 4895:Global Combat Air Programme 4483:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor 3202:Axe, David (12 July 2016). 2936: 2484:Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit 2274:Initially developt for the 1978:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor 1738:Global Combat Air Programme 1133:Low Observable UAV Testbed 1036:started flight testing its 884:. On 20 December 1989, two 453:Passive (multistatic) radar 129:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor 125:Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit 10: 5420: 4445:Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA 3951:"Weapons - F-117a Stealth" 3410:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 3392:Ford, Daniel (July 2019). 2763:Stealth Multirole Fighter 2096:Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA 1869:South Korea and Indonesia 1366:Developed from Model 853. 1268:Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma 1034:People's Republic of China 696: 590:Radio spectrum § IEEE 587: 522:Infra-red search and track 513: 441: 398: 318:Vulnerable modes of flight 5357: 5328: 5299: 5272: 5254: 5247: 5218: 5191: 5173: 5159: 5152: 5125: 5107: 5100: 5078: 5060: 5053: 5031: 5008: 5001: 4972: 4950: 4932: 4925: 4903: 4885: 4862: 4853: 4826: 4808: 4770: 4742: 4735: 4693: 4675: 4652: 4645: 4603:Advanced Tactical Fighter 4595: 4567:Lockheed Martin Sea Ghost 4537: 4514: 4496: 4473: 4385: 4376: 4367: 3806:U.S Department of Defense 3284:"5th Generation Fighters" 3153:. FAS.org. Archived from 3137:20 September 2009 at the 2659: 2654: 2651: 2642: 2637: 803:during the last years of 734:. Single examples of the 669:carry, among others, the 667:De Zeven Provinciën class 290:Electromagnetic emissions 5183:Future Combat Air System 5117:Future Combat Air System 5070:Future Combat Air System 4623:Long Range Strike Bomber 4506:Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk 3742:. centennialofflight.net 3641:Abbott, Patrick (1989). 3266:11 February 2011 at the 1899:Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk 1052:List of stealth aircraft 892:in the opening phase of 614:(NNIIRT) to develop VHF 488:synthetic aperture radar 4942:Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin 4872:British Aerospace P.125 4577:Northrop Grumman RQ-180 4096:"中国空军副司令首曝：国产第四代战机即将首飞" 3995:U.S. Air Force (af.mil) 3898:Holloman Air Force Base 3808:. pp. 244–245, 247 3064:U.S. Air Force (af.mil) 3036:U.S. Air Force (af.mil) 2538:Northrop Grumman RQ-180 2389:F/A-18E/F Super Hornets 2334:Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin 1659:Eurocopter EC-665 Tiger 886:United States Air Force 657:, which is operated at 598:VHF radar systems have 584:Longer wavelength radar 504:anti-radiation missiles 308:Radar Warning Receivers 282:the F-22, F-35 and the 265:Aerodynamic limitations 4841:Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B 4795:Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate 4633:Next-Generation Bomber 4587:General Atomics XQ-67A 4557:Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat 4460:Northrop Grumman X-47B 4083:Military Aviation News 3740:"Centennial of Flight" 2753:Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate 2588:Northrop Grumman X-47B 2149:McDonnell Douglas X-36 1398:Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat 1006:, B-2 Spirit, and the 909: 894:Operation Desert Storm 715: 682:Over-the-horizon radar 624:Surface-to-air missile 383: 372:Point Mugu, California 275:air combat maneuvering 233: 229:stealth bomber of the 183: 40: 4582:Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie 4552:Boeing MQ-25 Stingray 4435:Lockheed Martin FB-22 4122:[面对面]何为荣：剑啸长空 3931:. pp. 39–41, 361 3883:Crocker 2006, p. 382. 3540:"RAND Report Page 37" 3492:"Bistatic Radar Sets" 3426:"Raptor … or Turkey?" 3208:The National Interest 1875:Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie 1372:Boeing MQ-25 Stingray 979:2003 invasion of Iraq 903: 776:aerial reconnaissance 749:two-seat observation 709: 365: 341:Such aircraft as the 237:Instability of design 225: 177: 35: 4762:Mikoyan Project 1.44 4613:Joint Strike Fighter 4440:Lockheed Martin X-35 4306:Clancy, Tom (1996). 4109:on 12 November 2009. 3894:"F-117A - Nighthawk" 3544:Flight International 3478:8 April 2015 at the 3085:"F-35B Lightning II" 3060:"F-35A Lightning II" 3010:Aeronautical Journal 2252:Mikoyan Project 1.44 2069:Lockheed Martin X-35 984:During the May 2011 878:Operation Just Cause 649:, developed a naval 645:, formerly known as 520:Some analysts claim 96:radar guided weapons 5282:Bayraktar Kızılelma 4913:BAE Systems Taranis 4877:BAE Systems Replica 4524:Northrop B-2 Spirit 4455:Northrop Tacit Blue 4405:Boeing Bird of Prey 4133:on 26 January 2010. 4040:. 23 September 2014 3571:on 13 February 2008 3398:The Warbird's Forum 3346:. 20 October 2017. 3157:on 13 February 2008 3112:. 15 February 2017. 2615:Ryan AQM-91 Firefly 2430:Northrop Tacit Blue 1760:BAE Systems Tempest 1320:Boeing Bird of Prey 1242:BAE Systems Tempest 1216:BAE Systems Taranis 1192:BAE Systems Replica 820:early warning radar 594:Very high frequency 478:Researchers at the 473:radar cross section 374:, a U.S. Air Force 243:radar cross section 178:Vehicles like this 104:radar cross-section 4713:CAIG Wing Loong-10 4562:Boeing Phantom Ray 4425:Lockheed Have Blue 4370:Stealth technology 4101:Phoenix Television 3974:The New York Times 3835:The Jerusalem Post 3671:airandspace.si.edu 3528:. 7 December 2007. 3494:. Radartutorial.eu 3453:The New York Times 3273:, 14 January 2011. 2171:No vertical tail. 1926:Lockheed Have Blue 990:stealth helicopter 945:laser-guided bombs 926:War in Afghanistan 910: 845:Lockheed Have Blue 763:were covered with 716: 641:The Dutch company 620:target acquisition 516:Infrared signature 497:In December 2007, 421:Cost of operations 401:Skin (aeronautics) 384: 368:live fire exercise 234: 184: 60:stealth technology 41: 5391: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5353: 5352: 5345:KAI KF-21 Boramae 5324: 5323: 5316:KAI KF-21 Boramae 5295: 5294: 5243: 5242: 5214: 5213: 5148: 5147: 5096: 5095: 5049: 5048: 4997: 4996: 4968: 4967: 4921: 4920: 4849: 4848: 4731: 4730: 4641: 4640: 3290:on 9 January 2010 3271:Aerospace Insight 2934: 2933: 1847:KAI KF-21 Boramae 1294:Bell 360 Invictus 1166:BAE Systems Corax 1019:Khmeimim Air Base 1008:F-35 Lightning II 872:Modern operations 799:was developed in 755:Linke-Hofmann R.I 728:Cellulose acetate 712:Linke-Hofmann R.I 465:monostatic radars 461:multistatic radar 415:tiny iron spheres 389:force multipliers 170:Design principles 80:F-35 Lightning II 54:, visible light, 16:(Redirected from 5411: 5404:Stealth aircraft 5362: 5361: 5333: 5332: 5304: 5303: 5252: 5251: 5223: 5222: 5157: 5156: 5105: 5104: 5058: 5057: 5006: 5005: 4977: 4976: 4930: 4929: 4860: 4859: 4740: 4739: 4650: 4649: 4383: 4382: 4361:Stealth aircraft 4354: 4347: 4340: 4331: 4330: 4321: 4294: 4293: 4287: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4216:www.flugrevue.de 4207: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4092: 4086: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4022:. 19 March 2011. 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3987: 3978: 3977: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3926: 3918: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3855: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3827: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3803: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3775: 3767: 3761: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3736: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3716:researchgate.net 3708: 3702: 3701: 3694:Aviation History 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3488: 3482: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3409: 3401: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3280: 3274: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3236:. 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Italy 1764:Mitsubishi F-X 1758:Merger of UK ( 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1742:International 1740: 1734: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1691:International 1689: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1663:International 1661: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1638:International 1636: 1634:EADS Mako/HEAT 1630: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1604: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1561:International 1559: 1553: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1482:United States 1480: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1456:United States 1454: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1429:United States 1427: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1394: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1376:United States 1374: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1350:United States 1348: 1342: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1324:United States 1322: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1298:United States 1296: 1290: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1188: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1139:Airbus Sagitta 1135: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1086:Airbus Wingman 1082: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1053: 1050: 1046:Shenyang FC-31 918:first Gulf War 873: 870: 827: 826:Modern origins 824: 797:fighter-bomber 703: 700: 698: 695: 678: 675: 585: 582: 581: 580: 577: 574: 567: 566: 563: 560: 525: 514:Main article: 511: 508: 457:bistatic radar 439: 436: 434: 431: 422: 419: 399:Main article: 396: 395:Sensitive skin 393: 359: 356: 319: 316: 291: 288: 277:required in a 266: 263: 238: 235: 231:U.S. Air Force 219: 216: 204: 203: 200: 197: 194: 191: 171: 168: 26: 18:Stealth bomber 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5416: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5356: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5327: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5298: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5253: 5250: 5246: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5217: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5099: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5059: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4949: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4858: 4852: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4825: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4807: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4741: 4738: 4734: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4674: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4644: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4371: 4366: 4362: 4355: 4350: 4348: 4343: 4341: 4336: 4335: 4332: 4319: 4317:0-00-255527-1 4313: 4309: 4304: 4303: 4291: 4285: 4270: 4269:Flight Global 4266: 4259: 4244: 4240: 4233: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4191:. 2 June 2024 4190: 4186: 4180: 4165: 4161: 4154: 4146: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4123: 4116: 4108: 4104: 4102: 4097: 4091: 4085:. alert5.com. 4084: 4078: 4070: 4064: 4055: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4021: 4017: 4011: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3984: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3930: 3923: 3917: 3915: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3880: 3865:. 24 May 2018 3864: 3860: 3854: 3852: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3824: 3807: 3800: 3794: 3779: 3772: 3766: 3757: 3741: 3735: 3733: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3654: 3648: 3644: 3637: 3629: 3627:0-85177-812-7 3623: 3619: 3612: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3527: 3521: 3514: 3509: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3477: 3474: 3469: 3454: 3450: 3443: 3427: 3421: 3413: 3407: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3379: 3371: 3365: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3319: 3315: 3314:Foxtrot Alpha 3311: 3305: 3289: 3285: 3279: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3255: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3224: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3183: 3182:Foxtrot Alpha 3179: 3172: 3156: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3136: 3133: 3128: 3119: 3111: 3105: 3090: 3086: 3080: 3065: 3061: 3055: 3053: 3037: 3033: 3032:"F-22 Raptor" 3027: 3025: 3023: 3015: 3011: 3005: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2984: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2941: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2867:Experimental 2866: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2657: 2648: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625:Experimental 2624: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2598:Experimental 2597: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2572:Experimental 2571: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2440:Experimental 2439: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2361:NGAD (F/A-XX) 2359: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2344:Experimental 2343: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2159:Experimental 2158: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1936:Experimental 1935: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885:Experimental 1884: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1618:Experimental 1617: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1532:Chengdu WZ-10 1530: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1462:Experimental 1461: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1409:Loyal wingman 1407: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1382:Experimental 1381: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1330:Experimental 1329: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1304:Experimental 1303: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1176:Experimental 1175: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1149:Experimental 1148: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1121:Experimental 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1027:Amikam Norkin 1023: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 998: 993: 991: 987: 982: 980: 975: 973: 969: 966:by a Serbian 965: 961: 957: 952: 950: 946: 941: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 907: 902: 898: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 869: 867: 863: 859: 853: 850: 846: 841: 837: 836:Petr Ufimtsev 833: 823: 821: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 795: 792: 791:Horten Ho 229 787: 785: 784:Western Front 782:lines on the 781: 777: 773: 768: 766: 762: 759: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 713: 708: 694: 691: 687: 683: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 653:radar called 652: 648: 644: 639: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 595: 591: 578: 575: 572: 571: 570: 564: 561: 558: 557: 556: 553: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 523: 517: 507: 505: 500: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 474: 470: 469:line of sight 466: 462: 458: 454: 449: 445: 430: 428: 418: 416: 412: 408: 402: 392: 390: 381: 380:Mark 82 bombs 377: 373: 369: 364: 355: 352: 348: 344: 339: 336: 332: 329: 325: 315: 313: 309: 304: 302: 298: 287: 285: 280: 276: 272: 262: 260: 259:Jack Northrop 256: 252: 248: 244: 232: 228: 224: 215: 213: 208: 201: 198: 195: 192: 189: 188: 187: 181: 176: 167: 165: 161: 158:by a Serbian 157: 153: 149: 144: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 120: 118: 114: 109: 105: 101: 97: 91: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 38: 34: 30: 19: 5379:HESA Shafaq 5161:Experimental 4934:Experimental 4864:Experimental 4836:Mikoyan Skat 4790:Sukhoi Su-57 4780:Mikoyan LMFS 4757:Sukhoi Su-47 4744:Experimental 4703:Hongdu GJ-11 4662:Chengdu J-20 4387:Experimental 4360: 4308:Fighter Wing 4307: 4300:Bibliography 4272:. 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