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the reflected signal it listens for. Reduced accuracy means the missile must use a very large warhead to be effective (i.e.: nuclear). Another requirement is that a beam riding system must accurately track the target at high speeds, typically requiring one radar for tracking and another "tighter" beam for guidance.
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and the missile simply has to listen to the signal reflected from the target and point itself in the right direction. Additionally, the missile will listen rearward to the launch platform's transmitted signal as a reference, enabling it to avoid some kinds of radar jamming distractions offered by the target.
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are twofold: One is that a radar signal is "fan shaped", growing larger, and therefore less accurate, with distance. This means that the beam riding system is not accurate at long ranges, while SARH is largely independent of range and grows more accurate as it approaches the target, or the source of
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The SARH system determines the closing velocity using the flight path geometry shown in Figure 1. The closing velocity is used to set the frequency location for the CW receive signal shown at the bottom of the diagram (spectrum). Antenna offset angle of the missile antenna is set after the target is
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allows a missile to reach the predicted intercept with no datalink, greatly increasing lethality by postponing illumination for most of the missile flight. The pilot is unaware that a launch has occurred, so flying techniques become almost irrelevant. One difficulty is testing, because this feature
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of a radar is strongly related to the physical size of the antenna, and in the small nose cone of a missile there isn't enough room to provide the sort of accuracy needed for guidance. Instead the larger radar dish on the ground or launch aircraft will provide the needed signal and tracking logic,
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for most of their flight, only activating their SARH system for the final attack. This can keep the target from realising it is under attack until shortly before the missile strikes. Since the missile only requires guidance during the terminal phase, each radar emitter can be used to engage more
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receiver that produces angle error measurements using that fixed position. Flight path is controlled by producing navigation input to the steering system (tail fins or gimbaled rocket) using angle errors produced by the antenna. This steers the body of the missile to hold the target near the
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on to the radar return reflected off target. The target must remain illuminated for the entire duration of the missile's flight. This could leave the launch aircraft vulnerable to counterattack, as well as giving the target's electronic warning systems time to detect the attack and engage
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The maximum range of a SARH system is determined by energy density of the transmitter. Increasing transmit power can increase energy density. Reducing the noise bandwidth of the transmitter can also increase energy density.
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Maximum range is increased in SARH systems using navigation data in the homing vehicle to increase the travel distance before antenna tracking is needed for terminal guidance. Navigation relies on
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system, duplicating this hardware on the missile itself is redundant. The weight of a transmitter reduces the range of any flying object, so passive systems have greater reach. In addition, the
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signals when a missile is heading in the wrong direction. Most coastlines are heavily populated, so this risk exists at test centers for sea-based systems that are near the coastlines:
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Some of the more effective methods used to defeat semi-active homing radar are flying techniques. These depend upon the pilot knowing that a missile has been launched. The
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SARH missiles require tracking radar to acquire the target, and a more narrowly focused illuminator radar to "light up" the target in order for the missile to
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countermeasures. Because most SARH missiles require guidance during their entire flight, older radars are limited to one target per radar emitter at a time.
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centerline of the antenna while the antenna is held in a fixed position. The offset angle geometry is determined by
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acquired by the missile seeker using the spectrum location set using closing speed. The missile seeker antenna is a
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interceptor uses SARH as the main type of guidance (with supplement of inertial guidance on initial stage).
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SARH is a commonly used modern missile guidance methodology, used in multiple missile systems, such as:
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attained a success rate of barely 10%, which tended to amplify the effect of removing the gun on most
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targets. Some of these weapons, like the SM-2, allow the firing platform to update the missile with
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The basic concept of SARH is that since almost all detection and tracking systems consist of a
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matched to the receive radar detection bandwidth is the limiting factor for maximum range.
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Soviet systems using SARH have achieved a number of notable successes, notably in the
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Recent-generation SARH weapons have superior electronic counter-countermeasure (
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provided by an external ("offboard") source—as it reflects off the target
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systems. The name refers to the fact that the missile itself is only a
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The combat record of U.S. SARH missiles was unimpressive during the
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Naval Air
Warfare Center, Weapon Division, Point Mugu, China Lake
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Naval Air
Warfare Center, Weapon Division, Point Mugu, China Lake
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The SARH system needs only one radar set to a wider pattern.
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30:"Fox One" redirects here. For the Australian TV channel, see
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using missile speed, target speed, and separation distance.
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creates public safety risks if a fault prevents datalink
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Figure 1. Semi-active radar homing flight path geometry.
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combat victories have been scored with the
Sparrow at
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system, perhaps the most common type for longer-range
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
195:for a semi-active radar homing missile launch is
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734:"Active and Semi-Active Radar Missile Guidance"
487:9B-1101K, inertial semi-active homing head for
655:"Active and Semiactive Radar Missile Guidance"
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795:Active and semi-active radar missile guidance
37:"SARH" redirects here. For other uses, see
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134:Learn how and when to remove this message
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349:Electronic counter-countermeasure (ECCM)
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1084:Semi-automatic command to line of sight
694:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 240.
313:aircraft, such as some versions of the
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249:Techniques are nearly identical using
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908:Submarine-launched ballistic missile
886:Intermediate-range ballistic missile
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718:. Federation of American Scientists.
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72:adding citations to reliable sources
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181:). Semi-active missile systems use
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1090:Automatic command to line of sight
880:Intercontinental ballistic missile
716:"Chapter 15. Guidance and Control"
167:passive detector of a radar signal
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914:Submarine-launched cruise missile
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355:Electronic counter-countermeasure
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1238:List of surface-to-air missiles
1078:Manual command to line of sight
991:Man-portable air-defense system
59:needs additional citations for
32:Fox One (Australian TV channel)
27:Type of missile guidance system
846:Air-launched ballistic missile
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397:Pacific Missile Range Facility
253:, optical guidance video, and
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892:Short-range ballistic missile
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177:, which uses an active radar
1165:Automatic target recognition
665:(June). Air Power Australia.
7:
1218:List of missiles by country
961:Anti-ship ballistic missile
852:Air-launched cruise missile
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10:
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1228:List of anti-tank missiles
1223:List of anti-ship missiles
926:Surface-to-surface missile
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83:"Semi-active radar homing"
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29:
18:Semi-active radar guidance
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1127:Global Positioning System
1072:Command off line of sight
1000:
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653:Kopp, Carlo (June 1982).
385:global positioning system
1208:List of military rockets
1066:Command to line-of-sight
1032:Semi-active radar homing
732:Carlo Kopp (June 1982).
692:A Dictionary of Aviation
690:Wragg, David W. (1973).
305:Modern SARH systems use
147:Semi-active radar homing
1191:Predicted line of sight
1145:Astro-inertial guidance
270:global positioning data
973:Anti-submarine missile
949:Anti-radiation missile
943:Anti-ballistic missile
920:Surface-to-air missile
898:Shoulder-fired missile
864:Air-to-surface missile
613:(in 9M123M/VM variant)
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163:surface-to-air missile
153:) is a common type of
1149:Terrestrial guidance
955:Anti-satellite weapon
585:RIM-174 Standard ERAM
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473:shot down a U.S. F-16
307:continuous-wave radar
301:Continuous-wave radar
295:Continuous-wave radar
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186:continuous-wave radar
39:Sarh (disambiguation)
773:Atlantic Test Ranges
587:(mid-phase guidance)
475:in the Bosnian War.
425:fighters armed with
404:Atlantic Test Ranges
68:improve this article
1026:Active radar homing
985:Land-attack missile
738:Australian Aviation
679:. Radartutorial.eu.
659:Australian Aviation
450:beyond visual range
275:Contrast this with
255:infra-red radiation
175:active radar homing
1276:Missile technology
1122:Satellite guidance
858:Air-to-air missile
778:2012-04-03 at the
760:2010-07-16 at the
525:Buk missile system
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374:mid-course updates
279:systems, like the
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1140:Inertial guidance
1107:Infrared guidance
1050:Track-via-missile
979:Anti-tank missile
967:Anti-ship missile
870:Ballistic missile
611:9M123 Khrizantema
565:RIM-7 Sea Sparrow
510:AIM-9C Sidewinder
500:AIM-4A/E/F Falcon
469:Israeli Air Force
454:RIM-7 Sea Sparrow
369:inertial guidance
262:acceleration data
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16:(Redirected from
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1271:Missile guidance
1213:List of missiles
1096:Pursuit guidance
1061:Command guidance
903:Standoff missile
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479:List of missiles
343:Spectral density
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124:February 2009
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85: –
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79:Find sources:
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57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
1248:
1031:
768:
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691:
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658:
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606:SA-6 Gainful
580:RIM-162 ESSM
494:
458:
442:Desert Storm
439:
431:F-4 Phantoms
412:
382:
358:
339:
331:
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259:
257:for homing.
248:
235:
223:
196:
193:brevity code
190:
150:
146:
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130:
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
1176:TV guidance
1101:Beam riding
839:By platform
570:RIM-8 Talos
530:MIM-23 HAWK
415:Vietnam War
323:Vympel R-33
285:beam riding
281:RIM-8 Talos
277:beam riding
179:transceiver
1265:Categories
640:References
446:F-15 Eagle
437:and guns.
435:Sidewinder
230:resolution
159:air-to-air
94:newspapers
1249:See also:
993:(MANPADS)
830:Types of
622:Super 530
491:missiles.
191:The NATO
1086:(SACLOS)
1011:Unguided
1003:guidance
776:Archived
758:Archived
628:See also
617:Skyflash
465:2K12 Kub
463:, where
378:datalink
183:bistatic
1186:Compass
1133:GLONASS
1103:(LOSBR)
1092:(ACLOS)
1080:(MCLOS)
1074:(COLOS)
832:missile
744:(June).
444:, most
423:US Navy
206:Concept
108:scholar
1193:(PLOS)
1153:TERCOM
1068:(CLOS)
1034:(SARH)
981:(ATGM)
975:(ASuM)
969:(AShM)
963:(ASBM)
957:(ASAT)
916:(SLCM)
910:(SLBM)
894:(SRBM)
888:(IRBM)
882:(ICBM)
854:(ALCM)
848:(ALBM)
698:
520:Aspide
440:Since
327:MiG-31
319:MiG-27
315:MiG-23
311:Soviet
268:, and
110:
103:
96:
89:
81:
1201:Lists
1167:(ATR)
1158:DSMAC
1129:(GPS)
1052:(TVM)
1028:(ARH)
987:(LAM)
951:(ARM)
945:(ABM)
928:(SSM)
922:(SAM)
866:(ASM)
860:(AAM)
601:S-400
596:S-300
591:S-200
560:R-27R
545:R.530
540:R.511
535:PL-11
489:R-27R
226:radar
115:JSTOR
101:books
742:1982
696:ISBN
663:1982
555:R-33
550:R-23
421:and
419:USAF
376:via
365:SM-2
361:ECCM
334:lock
317:and
161:and
151:SARH
87:news
1001:By
200:One
198:Fox
70:by
1267::
740:.
736:.
724:^
661:.
657:.
456:.
417:.
380:.
264:,
202:.
188:.
823:e
816:t
809:v
704:.
169:—
149:(
137:)
131:(
126:)
122:(
112:·
105:·
98:·
91:·
64:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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