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258:, had probably been experimenting with a design that not only would be accepted by players but also could be produced at a reasonable cost. In the end, he most likely borrowed and synthesized elements from sets already available to create a new design that used universally recognizable symbols atop conventional stems and bases: The resulting pieces were compact, well balanced, and weighted to provide an understandable, practical playing set.
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simplicity and elegance of their form, combining apparent lightness with real solidity, in the nicety of their proportions one with another, so that in the most intricate positions every piece stands out distinctively, neither hidden nor overshadowed by its fellows, the ”Staunton Chess-men” are incomparably superior to any others we have ever seen.
114:. The variety and styles of the conventional form, which began in the 15th century, had expanded tremendously by the beginning of the 19th century. Conventional types popular during the period included the English Barleycorn chess set, the St. George chess set, the French Regence chess set (named after the
91:
449:
without religious symbols. For example, Dubrovnik chess set from
Yugoslavia used in 1950 World Chess Olympiad, Fisher's favorite set, was purposely designed to be without religious symbols. Similarly many Soviet chess sets such as Latvian and Baku designs did not have the king's cross or bishop's mitre.
527:
wrote that, "if a vote were taken among chess-players as to which pieces they most enjoyed playing with, there can be no doubt that the
Staunton chessmen would win by an overwhelming margin. They are invariably used in major chess tournaments. No self-respecting chess club would be without them. They
444:
Staunton not only endorsed the product for Jaques of London but promoted it to an extraordinary degree including the lambasting and derision of any other design of chessmen then proposed. The
Staunton, as it became known, became available to the general public on 29 September 1849. The Staunton
430:
The ”Staunton Chess-men.” - We have lately been favoured with a sight of the newly-designed Chess-men you speak of, and shall be greatly mistaken if, in a very short time, these beautiful pieces do not entirely supersede the ungainly, inexpressive ones we have been hitherto contented with. In the
268:
From 1820 on, diagrams in chess books began to use icons of chess pieces similar in many respects to the
Staunton chessmen, including a change from arched crown to coronet for the queen. This shows that the Staunton design may have been taken from these diagrams, very likely created by a printer.
448:
Staunton chess set always had a cross on top of the king and the bishop's mitre design. These two aspects make it a
Christianized chess set. Therefore, in non-Christian or socialist countries such as Yugoslavia and Soviet Union, other designs were preferred or Staunton design was altered to be
379:
Laws of Chess, is used for the blind and visually impaired. In such a set, the black pieces are differentiated from the white pieces by a small point/spike atop the pieces, and the dark squares are raised above the light squares to allow the user to feel the board and pieces to understand the
518:
The
Staunton chess set has proven to be extremely popular and is likely to remain so in the future. The design is successful because of its well-balanced and easily recognized pieces. It is currently the official standard for tournament chess pieces.
125:
The
Staunton chess set was released in 1849 in response to these issues. The pieces were designed to be easy to use and universally recognized by chess players of diverse backgrounds. It was first released by the purveyors of fine games,
445:
style was soon the standard on which most tournament playing pieces have been made and used around the world ever since. The low cost of the
Staunton set allowed the masses to purchase sets and helped to popularize the game of chess.
149:
One theory of the development of the set is that Cooke had used prestigious architectural concepts, familiar to an expanding class of educated and prosperous gentry. London architects, strongly influenced by the
371:
are the smallest and are topped by a plain ball. Pieces representing human characters (the king, queen, bishop, and pawn) have a flat disk separating the body from the head design, which is known as a collar.
380:
position. Furthermore, each square has a hole into which pegs on the bottom of each piece are inserted, allowing the user to feel the position of the pieces without moving them or knocking them over.
408:. At that date, there was no provision for the registration of any design or articles of ivory; registration was limited to Class 2, articles chiefly made of
2029:
535:, then non-circular details were added by hand; the knights were made in two parts (head and base) which were stuck together with adhesive.
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1193:
1030:"C. General Rules and Technical Recommendations for Tournaments / 02. Chess Equipment / 01. Standards of Chess Equipment / FIDE Handbook"
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78:, who endorsed it; the first 500 sets were numbered and hand-signed by Staunton. This style of set was first made available by
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162:. The appearance of the new chessmen was based on this style, and the pieces were symbols of "respectable" Victorian society:
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The vaunted
Staunton Chess Set, the standard chess set you probably grew up with, has its roots in neoclassical architecture.
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1054:
Just, Tim (2003). Burg, Daniel B. (ed.). U.S. Chess
Federation's Official Rules of Chess (Report) (5th ed.). McKay.
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in 1849, and it quickly became the standard. The set style and its variations have been used around the world since.
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Morphy chess set (1851) – characterized by "Morphy" knights, which have more pronounced jowls than other designs.
1265:""Registered design number: 58607. Proprietor: Nathaniel Cook. Address: 198 Strand,... The National Archives""
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During the late 18th century and early 19th century, the increased interest in the game of
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There are 17 recognized variants derived from the original 1849 Staunton chess set, sorted by date:
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of each side to identify their positioning on to the king's side of the board. This was because, in
110:, particularly in international play, brought about a renewed demand for a more universal model for
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follows a simple traditional design of a cone capped with a knob, but elaborated in the style of a
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Even among sets of the standard Staunton pattern, the style of the pieces varies, especially the
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1998:
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2019:
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426:, where Staunton published chess articles. He convinced the champion to endorse the chess set.
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is credited with the design on the patent, and they are named after the leading English
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streamlined into clean classical lines, projecting an aura of strength and security
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were often designated by being the "queen's knight", the "king's rook", etc.
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to provide added stability and the underside of each piece was covered with
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138:(1810–1874), the chess player and writer who was generally considered the
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1958:
1953:
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There were also practical innovations: A crown emblem was stamped onto a
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afford the most pleasing combination of utility and aesthetic appeal."
356:
1965:
1005:
Standards of Chess Equipment and tournament venue for FIDE Tournaments
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21:
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sizes ranged from 3½ to 4½ inches and the sets typically came in a
199:
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1823:
1293:(Kindle ed.). Kaissa Publications. Kindle Locations 236–241.
760:
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1357:– original article placed here by author and inter-wiki linked.
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293:, allowing the pieces to slide easily across the board. Some
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1808:
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on 1 March 1849, to Nathaniel Cooke, 198 Strand,
376:
290:
286:
185:
134:
in London. It became known as the Staunton chess set after
61:
312:
The Staunton pieces broadly resemble columns with a wide
261:
It may have been a combination of both theories with the
3477:
1712:
893:
999:
997:
328:, the tallest pieces, top the column with a stylised
994:
889:
60:, recommended for use in competition since 2022 by
1312:
1297:
972:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 18:19.
531:Wooden Staunton chess sets were often turned on a
265:of Cooke the entrepreneur and Jaques the artisan.
3500:
375:A modified Staunton chess set, described in the
1073:
1071:
340:are slightly smaller than kings, and feature a
25:Original Staunton chess pieces, left to right:
158:, were designing prestigious buildings in the
1728:
1528:
1047:
254:Another possibility is that Jaques, a master
1303:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1105:
1068:
122:in Paris), and the central European forms.
115:
1498:"Dedicated Story of the Staunton Chess Set"
1360:
1282:
1735:
1721:
1535:
1521:
1506:"The Anatomy of the Staunton Chess Pieces"
1141:
1123:
965:
64:, the international chess governing body.
1395:
1374:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
1180:
943:"How the chess set got its look and feel"
934:
1490:"Illustrated London News, Sept. 8, 1849"
1417:Master Pieces: The architecture of chess
1414:
1208:
1077:
402:Ornamental Design for a set of Chess-Men
320:feature the sculpted head and neck of a
146:has long been credited with the design.
97:
89:
20:
309:of Staunton's signature under the lid.
297:sets were made from African ivory. The
3501:
1433:
1288:
1716:
1516:
1169:, p. 62, New York:D. McKay Co., 1981
1034:International Chess Federation (FIDE)
940:
1436:Jaques Staunton Chess Sets 1849-1939
1291:Jaques Staunton Chess Sets 1849–1939
1053:
961:
959:
691:
130:, sport and games manufacturers, of
16:Chess set used for competitive play
13:
1389:
1349:"History of Staunton Chess Pieces"
1253:from the original on 9 April 2021.
1194:"History of Staunton chess pieces"
1084:My Great Predecessors, part I
14:
3530:
1453:
1346:
1191:
956:
700:. Some examples are shown below.
539:A modern Staunton set, in plastic
388:The design was registered at the
3476:
3147:List of strong chess tournaments
1542:
1482:"dedicated Jaques Staunton site"
1459:
892:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
813:
804:
795:
786:
777:
768:
759:
750:
741:
732:
723:
714:
705:
679:
667:
655:
643:
631:
619:
605:
593:
581:
569:
557:
545:
494:Pre-Hartston chess set (1885–90)
2125:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
1340:
1257:
1229:
1159:
513:
94:An English Barleycorn-style set
1415:Williams, Gareth John (2000).
1022:
503:Nimzovitch chess set (1927–37)
497:Hartston chess set (1890–1900)
406:Ornamental Designs Act of 1842
1:
3245:Computer chess championships
1371:The Oxford Companion to Chess
941:Stamp, Jimmy (3 April 2013).
928:
506:Broadbent chess set (1925–37)
488:Zukertort chess set (1875–80)
479:Anderssen chess set (1855–65)
420:Cooke was the editor for the
140:strongest player in the world
85:
500:Marshall chess set (1900–15)
485:Tarrasch chess set (1870–75)
482:Steinitz chess set (1865–70)
473:Harrwitz chess set (1852–55)
415:
7:
3027:Bishop and knight checkmate
1396:Schafroth, Colleen (2002).
1216:"Staunton chess set design"
1113:"St. George chess set"
969:Pandolfini's chess complete
885:
509:Lessing chess set (1927–37)
476:Paulsen chess set (1853–55)
452:
344:topped with a tiny ball (a
102:A St. George-style set
10:
3535:
3190:Other world championships
1474:"Styles of sets 1700-1849"
1131:"French Regence chess set"
966:Pandolfini, Bruce (1992).
491:Lasker chess set (1880–85)
467:Wedgewood chess set (1849)
241:descriptive chess notation
3471:
3381:
3284:
3137:
3037:Opposite-coloured bishops
3017:
2963:
2826:
2668:
2608:
2599:
2510:
2378:
2239:
2140:
1976:
1880:
1750:
1742:
1679:
1591:
1550:
464:Cooke chess set (1849–50)
461:Leuchars chess set (1849)
383:
305:case, each one bearing a
272:
56:is the standard style of
3164:World Chess Championship
2130:World Chess Hall of Fame
1319:. Random House. p.
1167:A Short History of Chess
439:, 8 September 1849.
285:sets were weighted with
3458:Simultaneous exhibition
3368:Chess newspaper columns
3057:Rook and bishop vs rook
3047:Queen and pawn vs queen
437:Illustrated London News
423:Illustrated London News
156:culture of ancient Rome
2913:Richter–Veresov Attack
2901:Queen's Indian Defence
442:
225:Victorian architecture
116:
103:
95:
49:
3174:Candidates Tournament
3062:Rook and pawn vs rook
3032:King and pawn vs king
2983:List of chess gambits
2886:King's Indian Defence
2564:Isolated Queen's Pawn
2088:List of chess players
2030:Top player comparison
1829:Internet chess server
1434:Fersht, Alan (2007).
1289:Fersht, Alan (2010).
1269:The National Archives
1117:MarkOfWestminster.com
428:
128:John Jaques of London
101:
93:
24:
2891:Nimzo-Indian Defence
2787:Scandinavian Defense
2748:Semi-Italian Opening
2653:King's Indian Attack
2542:first-move advantage
2195:Threefold repetition
2120:Bobby Fischer Center
2005:Charlemagne chessmen
1999:Göttingen manuscript
1963:
1804:Correspondence chess
1462:"Staunton chess set"
1237:"FIDE Laws of Chess"
947:Smithsonian magazine
332:topped with a cross
3119:Two knights endgame
2871:Bogo-Indian Defence
2758:Two Knights Defense
2698:Nimzowitsch Defence
2388:Artificial castling
2025:Soviet chess school
1900:Dubrovnik chess set
1468:on 28 October 2009.
1355:on 28 October 2009.
1204:on 28 October 2009.
1165:Henry A. Davidson,
1149:"Selenus chess set"
908:Dubrovnik chess set
365:Western-style mitre
170:distinguished by a
3514:1849 introductions
3349:endgame literature
2896:Old Indian Defense
2806:Accelerated Dragon
2678:Alekhine's Defence
2410:Checkmate patterns
2279:symbols in Unicode
2274:annotation symbols
2037:Geography of chess
1905:Staunton chess set
1702:Staunton chess set
1697:Piece point values
1315:The World of Chess
160:neoclassical style
118:Café de la Régence
104:
96:
54:Staunton chess set
50:
3496:
3495:
3373:Chess periodicals
3302:Chess in the arts
3234:Chess composition
3072:Philidor position
3013:
3012:
2955:Trompowsky Attack
2938:Semi-Slav Defence
2828:Queen's Pawn Game
2708:Four Knights Game
2683:Caro–Kann Defence
2648:Zukertort Opening
2435:Discovered attack
2155:Cheating in chess
1992:Versus de scachis
1710:
1709:
1445:978-0-9557325-0-8
918:Selenus chess set
913:Makonde chess set
692:Knight variations
352:feature stylised
202:'s head from the
152:culture of Greece
3526:
3483:Chess portal
3481:
3480:
3424:Leela Chess Zero
3355:Oxford Companion
3307:early literature
3297:Chess aesthetics
3042:Pawnless endgame
2993:Bongcloud Attack
2971:List of openings
2943:Chigorin Defense
2881:GrĂĽnfeld Defence
2792:Sicilian Defence
2738:Ponziani Opening
2733:Philidor Defence
2728:Petrov's Defence
2670:King's Pawn Game
2643:Larsen's Opening
2606:
2605:
1967:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1464:. Archived from
1449:
1430:
1411:
1398:The Art of Chess
1385:
1356:
1351:. Archived from
1335:
1334:
1318:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1241:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1200:. Archived from
1189:
1178:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
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1020:
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1001:
992:
991:
963:
954:
953:
938:
902:
897:
896:
880:
871:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
745:
736:
727:
718:
709:
683:
671:
659:
647:
635:
623:
609:
597:
585:
573:
561:
549:
440:
142:from 1843–1851.
121:
80:Jaques of London
3534:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3475:
3467:
3377:
3363:Chess libraries
3280:
3184:FIDE Grand Prix
3179:Chess World Cup
3133:
3129:Wrong rook pawn
3067:Lucena position
3009:
2959:
2876:Catalan Opening
2851:English Defence
2836:Budapest Gambit
2822:
2780:Austrian Attack
2664:
2633:English Opening
2595:
2591:School of chess
2574:Minority attack
2506:
2475:Queen sacrifice
2374:
2235:
2231:White and Black
2226:Touch-move rule
2185:Perpetual check
2180:Fifty-move rule
2136:
1972:
1969:
1876:
1746:
1741:
1711:
1706:
1675:
1587:
1551:Orthodox pieces
1546:
1541:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1456:
1446:
1427:
1408:
1392:
1390:Further reading
1382:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1309:Lessing, Norman
1302:
1298:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1190:
1181:
1164:
1160:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1079:Kasparov, Garry
1076:
1069:
1062:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1003:
1002:
995:
980:
964:
957:
939:
935:
931:
898:
891:
888:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
737:
728:
719:
710:
694:
687:
684:
675:
672:
663:
660:
651:
648:
639:
636:
627:
624:
613:
610:
601:
598:
589:
586:
577:
574:
565:
562:
553:
550:
516:
455:
441:
435:
418:
386:
275:
144:Nathaniel Cooke
136:Howard Staunton
88:
76:Howard Staunton
69:Nathaniel Cooke
67:The journalist
17:
12:
11:
5:
3532:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3406:
3404:Chess composer
3401:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3351:
3346:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3259:North American
3256:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3152:Chess Olympiad
3149:
3143:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3003:Scholar's mate
3000:
2995:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2918:Queen's Gambit
2915:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2861:Benoni Defence
2856:Indian Defence
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2799:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2770:Owen's Defence
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2700:
2695:
2693:Modern Defence
2690:
2688:French Defence
2685:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Bird's Opening
2620:
2614:
2612:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2554:Pawn structure
2551:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2398:Alekhine's gun
2390:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2311:Half-open file
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2254:Chess notation
2251:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2209:Pawn promotion
2206:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2112:
2110:Women in chess
2107:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Hypermodernism
2017:
2015:Romantic chess
2012:
2010:Lewis chessmen
2007:
2002:
1995:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1848:world rankings
1840:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1777:Computer chess
1774:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1455:
1454:External links
1452:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1431:
1425:
1412:
1406:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1366:Whyld, Kenneth
1358:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1305:Saidy, Anthony
1296:
1281:
1256:
1228:
1207:
1179:
1158:
1140:
1122:
1104:
1097:
1089:Everyman Chess
1067:
1060:
1046:
1021:
993:
978:
955:
932:
930:
927:
926:
925:
923:Lewis chessmen
920:
915:
910:
904:
903:
887:
884:
883:
882:
875:
873:
866:
864:
857:
855:
848:
846:
839:
837:
830:
828:
821:
819:
812:
810:
803:
801:
794:
792:
785:
783:
776:
774:
767:
765:
758:
756:
749:
747:
740:
738:
731:
729:
722:
720:
713:
711:
704:
693:
690:
689:
688:
685:
678:
676:
673:
666:
664:
661:
654:
652:
649:
642:
640:
637:
630:
628:
625:
618:
615:
614:
611:
604:
602:
599:
592:
590:
587:
580:
578:
575:
568:
566:
563:
556:
554:
551:
544:
541:
540:
525:Norman Lessing
515:
512:
511:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
454:
451:
433:
417:
414:
385:
382:
274:
271:
229:
228:
217:
210:
192:
174:
87:
84:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3531:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:1849 in chess
3507:
3506:
3504:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3464:
3463:Solving chess
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3453:Chess prodigy
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3436:Chess problem
3434:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:opening books
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3332:short stories
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:Art and media
3283:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:triangulation
3095:
3093:
3092:Tarrasch rule
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Queen vs pawn
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:London System
2906:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2866:Modern Benoni
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Dutch Defence
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:King's Gambit
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2638:Grob's Attack
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:Dunst Opening
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:Benko Opening
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2610:Flank opening
2607:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:Transposition
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:Chess museums
2113:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:Notable games
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1872:World records
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1843:Rating system
1841:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Berolina pawn
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1426:0-670-89381-1
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1407:0-8109-1001-2
1403:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1383:
1381:0-19-280049-3
1377:
1373:
1372:
1367:
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3394:Chess boxing
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3124:Wrong bishop
2976:theory table
2950:Torre Attack
2933:Slav Defence
2841:Colle System
2816:Scheveningen
2775:Pirc Defence
2718:Italian Game
2713:Giuoco Piano
2658:RĂ©ti Opening
2581:Piece values
2569:MarĂłczy Bind
2530:the exchange
2520:Compensation
2450:Interference
2440:Double check
2214:Time control
2201:
2175:by agreement
2103:grandmasters
2047:South Africa
1997:
1990:
1966:Score sheets
1912:Chess pieces
1904:
1819:Online chess
1765:Chess titles
1760:Chess theory
1701:
1593:Fairy pieces
1544:Chess pieces
1466:the original
1460:Wall, Bill.
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1341:Bibliography
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3339:Chess books
3139:Tournaments
2998:Fool's mate
2763:Vienna Game
2753:Scotch Game
2586:Prophylaxis
2502:Zwischenzug
2487:Undermining
2455:Overloading
2415:Combination
2264:descriptive
1959:Chess table
1954:Chess clock
1770:Grandmaster
1646:Grasshopper
1014:22 February
638:Black queen
564:White queen
357:battlements
354:crenellated
3519:Chess sets
3503:Categories
3446:joke chess
3399:Chess club
3087:opposition
2549:Middlegame
2537:Initiative
2460:Pawn storm
2425:Deflection
2296:Key square
2286:Fianchetto
2219:Fast chess
2203:En passant
1895:chessboard
1692:Hippogonal
1656:Nightrider
1274:2 February
1175:1319587013
1007:(Report).
929:References
686:Black pawn
650:Black rook
626:Black king
612:White pawn
576:White rook
552:White king
86:Background
3429:Stockfish
3419:Deep Blue
3414:AlphaZero
3322:paintings
3114:Tablebase
3078:Strategy
2988:Irregular
2743:Ruy Lopez
2703:Open Game
2470:Sacrifice
2430:Desperado
2333:connected
2306:Open file
2301:King walk
2259:algebraic
2190:Stalemate
2165:Checkmate
1890:Chess set
1882:Equipment
1687:Chess set
1153:chess.com
416:Marketing
307:facsimile
208:Parthenon
206:from the
3488:Category
3441:glossary
3102:Zugzwang
3082:fortress
3019:Endgames
2928:Declined
2923:Accepted
2601:Openings
2559:Hedgehog
2525:Exchange
2512:Strategy
2492:Windmill
2343:isolated
2328:backward
2150:Castling
2093:amateurs
1986:Timeline
1860:Variants
1814:Glossary
1797:software
1782:glossary
1661:Princess
1368:(1992).
1311:(1974).
1248:Archived
1081:(2003).
1039:17 April
988:25787814
886:See also
453:Variants
434:—
227:balcony.
200:stallion
154:and the
3389:Arbiter
3382:Related
3239:Solving
3229:Amateur
2811:Najdorf
2393:Battery
2380:Tactics
2355:Swindle
2338:doubled
2318:Outpost
2249:Blunder
2064:Armenia
1978:History
1824:Premove
1792:engines
1787:matches
1752:Outline
1680:Related
1641:Giraffe
1631:Empress
1626:Dabbaba
698:knights
398:England
361:bishops
342:coronet
318:Knights
283:boxwood
263:synergy
249:knights
182:coronet
3327:poetry
3317:novels
3292:CaĂŻssa
3224:Senior
3214:Junior
2802:Dragon
2797:Alapin
2482:Skewer
2348:passed
2291:Gambit
2098:female
2059:Europe
2042:Africa
1937:Knight
1932:Bishop
1611:Amazon
1568:Knight
1558:Bishop
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400:as an
394:London
384:Patent
338:Queens
334:pattée
316:base.
314:molded
273:Design
256:turner
243:, the
237:knight
196:knight
168:bishop
45:, and
39:bishop
35:knight
3274:WCSCC
3219:Youth
3209:Blitz
3204:Rapid
3194:Women
3157:Women
3109:Study
2964:Other
2497:X-ray
2420:Decoy
2405:Block
2360:Tempo
2323:Pawns
2241:Terms
2160:Check
2142:Rules
2076:India
2069:Spain
2054:China
1947:Fairy
1922:Queen
1853:norms
1744:Chess
1671:Zebra
1666:Wazir
1621:Camel
1606:Alfil
1578:Queen
1251:(PDF)
1240:(PDF)
1219:(PDF)
533:lathe
369:Pawns
350:Rooks
346:monde
330:crown
326:Kings
322:horse
295:ivory
279:ebony
245:rooks
190:crown
178:queen
172:mitre
108:chess
43:queen
3312:film
3269:WCCC
3264:TCEC
3254:CSVN
3199:Team
3169:List
2445:Fork
2370:Trap
2170:Draw
1942:Pawn
1927:Rook
1917:King
1865:List
1834:list
1809:FIDE
1651:Mann
1636:Ferz
1597:List
1583:Rook
1573:Pawn
1563:King
1440:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1276:2024
1244:FIDE
1171:OCLC
1093:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1041:2024
1016:2009
1009:FIDE
984:OCLC
974:ISBN
523:and
410:wood
377:FIDE
359:and
299:king
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287:lead
281:and
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247:and
235:and
233:rook
221:pawn
214:rook
186:king
184:and
62:FIDE
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31:rook
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3249:CCC
2465:Pin
2269:PGN
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