319:" to describe the allegedly "infantilised" state which black Americans were reduced to by slavery. In addition, critics point out Elkins provided no data or methodology for his comparison between WWII concentration camp victims, largely white Europeans, and black Americans. Initially heralded by the black community as an important and positive contribution, this comparison was considered offensive by descendants of both groups. Finally, it is suggested his criticism of American abolitionists ignores the reality of the society within which they operated, since every attempt made to achieve partial reform was blocked. The controversy is discussed in more detail in a collection of essays by Ann Lane, and also by historian
284:, slave states even passed legislation making it illegal for anyone to teach slaves to read and write, or allow them to own books. The removal of personal rights and utter dependence on their owners resulted in what Elkins called "chattel slavery", which he contrasted with the system prevailing in Spanish America. Although conditions could be just as harsh, slaves generally had a variety of legal rights, including the ability to use the court system, purchase their freedom or contract their labour out to others.
276:, suggesting it was more important to focus on the structures governing the institution, rather than its conditions. In North America, slaves were deprived of any legal rights, including the ability to marry or have a family, be protected from violence, own property or make a will. With the exception of
287:
In addition, slavery in North
America was almost exclusively a black experience, while in Spanish America it began as a "misfortune" that could happen to anyone who fell into debt. As a result, "chattel slavery" had a lasting impact on how black Americans viewed themselves and how they were perceived
218:
and enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1943, serving in the 362nd
Infantry Regiment, fighting in France but primarily Italy during World War II. He served as initially a Scout and later a Prisoner Transport Guard (of German POWs). After the war, he married Dorothy Adele Lamken and attended
257:, this work was theoretically innovative and enormously influential when first published, although largely superseded today. In it, Elkins made two major, and controversial, statements, the first being
42:
943:
801:
Budick, E. Miller. "Plantations and
Pogroms, Slavery and the Holocaust: Disentangling Black and Jewish History (Stanley Elkins, Ralph Waldo Ellison, and Hannah Arendt)." In
300:
showed their totalitarian environment systematically destroyed the ability of inmates to resist, plan or form positive relationships with one another. Elkins suggested pre-
194:, on the history of the founding fathers of America. He obtained his BA from Harvard University (under the GI bill scholarship) and his Ph.D. in history from
761:
786:
658:
Slavery: A Problem in
American Institutional and Intellectual Life, 3rd Ed., by Stanley M. Elkins (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976)
607:
Slavery: A Problem in
American Institutional and Intellectual Life, 3rd Ed., by Stanley M. Elkins (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976)
261:
reduced their effectiveness by insisting on ideological consistency and purity, and refusing to compromise with the slave system. He argued
227:(A.B. 1949), followed by Columbia University for graduate school in American history (M.A. 1951, Ph.D. 1958), where he studied under
574:
563:
529:
Stanley Elkins and Eric L. McKitrick, "Institutions and the Law of
Slavery: Slavery in Capitalist and Non-Capitalist Cultures,"
958:
734:
837:
588:
509:
Stanley M. Elkins and Eric L. McKitrick, "A Meaning for Turner's
Frontier: Part II: The Southwest Frontier and New England,"
483:
459:
434:
968:
953:
473:
928:
718:
693:
262:
519:
Stanley M. Elkins and Eric L. McKitrick, "Institutions and the Law of
Slavery: The Dynamics of Unopposed Capitalism,"
643:
632:
258:
243:, where he was appointed the Sydenham Clark Parsons Professor Emeritus of History from 1969 until his death in 2013.
499:
Stanley M. Elkins and Eric L. McKitrick. "A Meaning for Turner's
Frontier: Part I: Democracy in the Old Northwest,"
353:
963:
948:
938:
933:
179:
903:
898:
304:
slavery was a similar environment, views that were influential in the late 1960s when politicians like
215:
808:
Fermaglich, Kirsten. "'One of the Lucky Ones': Stanley Elkins and the
Concentration Camp Analogy in
293:
183:
820:
George M. Fredrickson (1988). "The Historiography of Slavery: Stanley Elkins to Herbert Gutman".
814:
American Dreams and Nazi Nightmares: Early Holocaust Consciousness and Liberal America, 1957-1965
320:
305:
315:
His arguments have since been heavily criticised, particularly for his use of the racial slur "
829:
539:
Stanley M. Elkins and Eric L. McKitrick, "The Founding Fathers: Young Men of the Revolution,"
236:
199:
167:
151:
66:
881:
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. "Stanley Elkins' Slavery: The Antislavery Interpretation Reexamined."
340:, was described as a "dazzling book," featuring an "elegant and penetrating pen portrait of
923:
918:
644:" Stanley Elkins' Slavery: The Americas Thesis and the Denial of the Soul ", March 19, 2006
633:" Stanley Elkins' Slavery: The Americas Thesis and the Denial of the Soul ", March 19, 2006
171:
89:
24:
860:
Kolchin, Peter. "Reevaluating the Antebellum Slave Community: A Comparative Perspective."
8:
316:
254:
195:
124:
824:
The arrogance of race: historical perspectives on slavery, racism, and social inequality
341:
309:
301:
228:
220:
120:
265:
were more pragmatic and thus effective, allowing them to abolish slavery without war.
833:
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programs as a way to counteract the longterm impact of slavery on black culture.
442:
214:
Elkins was born in Boston to Frank and Frances Elkins (nÊe Reiner). He attended
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337:
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187:
912:
269:
240:
203:
147:
70:
20:
19:
This article is about the American historian. For the American novelist, see
423:
739:
297:
849:
King, Richard H. "Domination and Fabrication: Re-thinking Stanley Elkins'
239:, where they taught from 1955 to 1960. In 1960 he joined the faculty at
886:
874:
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. "Stanley Elkins and Northern Reform Culture." In
544:
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received a joint appointment as assistant professors of history at the
206:
in Northampton, MA, where he raised his family and eventually retired.
115:
175:
871:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971. Essays by 13 scholars.
186:, and for his collaborations (in a book and numerous articles) with
361:
281:
277:
447:
425:
Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life
248:
Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life
224:
41:
364:, and Alexander Hamilton, and analyzes the administrations of
451:
The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788â1800
711:
The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South
356:, discusses the relationships among key players, among them
178:, best known for his unique and controversial comparison of
190:
regarding the early American Republic. They together wrote
743:. April 2004. Archived from the original on August 3, 2004
202:
but spent most of his career as a professor of history at
869:
The Debate Over "Slavery": Stanley Elkins and His Critics
475:
Men of Little Faith: Selected Writings of Cecelia Kenyon
387:
1963â64 American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship
533:
Vol. 9, No. 2, Part 1 (Summer, 1957), pp. 159â179
396:
1970â71 Fellow, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton
819:
686:
Debate Over "Slavery": Stanley Elkins and His Critics
472:(2003). Stanley M. Elkins; Eric L. McKitrick (eds.).
399:
1980 Visiting Fellow, St. Catherine's College, Oxford
944:
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
334:
The Age of Federalism: The Early Republic, 1788-1800
390:
1967â68 National Endowment for the Humanities Grant
821:
422:
468:
420:
910:
760:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
543:Vol. 76, No. 2 (Jun., 1961), pp. 181â216
513:Vol. 69, No. 4 (Dec., 1954), pp. 565â602
503:Vol. 69, No. 3 (Sep., 1954), pp. 321â353
885:Vol. 25, No. 2 (May, 1973), pp. 154â176
586:Smith College History Faculty: Stanley Elkins
448:Stanley M. Elkins; Eric L. McKitrick (1993).
523:Vol. 9, No. 1 (Spring, 1957), pp. 3â21
708:
288:by wider society. Then-recent research by
253:Based on Elkins' doctoral dissertation at
375:
899:Stanley Elkins Author Page on Amazon.com
803:Blacks and Jews in Literary Conversation
326:
857:, Vol. 22, No. 2 (2001), pp. 1â28.
575:Obituary: Stanley M. Elkins (1925-2013)
352:. The book explores the history of the
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828:. Wesleyan University Press. p.
478:. University of Massachusetts Press.
381:1954â55 Rockefeller Foundation Fellow
735:"The Atlantic: New & Noteworthy"
683:
384:1959â60 Rockefeller Foundation Grant
23:. For the Canadian politician, see
13:
876:Yankee Saints and Southern Sinners
409:
268:He went on to contrast slavery in
14:
980:
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709:Blassingame, John Wesley (1979).
231:. He and fellow graduate student
864:Vol. 70, No. 3 (December, 1983).
862:The Journal of American History,
688:. University of Illinois Press.
40:
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429:. University of Chicago Press.
405:1995 Order of Cincinnatus Prize
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16:American historian (1925â2013)
1:
959:University of Chicago faculty
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198:. Elkins first taught at the
541:Political Science Quarterly,
511:Political Science Quarterly,
501:Political Science Quarterly,
441:(1959, 1963, 1976 editions)
336:, co-authored by Elkins and
180:slavery in the United States
7:
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454:. Oxford University Press.
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969:21st-century American Jews
954:Jewish American historians
421:Stanley M. Elkins (1976).
216:Boston English High School
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929:Harvard University alumni
844:Stanley Elkins historian.
393:1970â71 Guggenheim Fellow
292:and others on inmates of
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294:Nazi concentration camps
184:Nazi concentration camps
170:â September 16, 2013 in
904:Stanley Elkins Obituary
855:Slavery & Abolition
321:John Wesley Blassingame
306:Daniel Patrick Moynihan
964:Bancroft Prize winners
376:Awards and fellowships
259:American abolitionists
164:Stanley Maurice Elkins
53:Stanley Maurice Elkins
949:Smith College faculty
939:Historians of slavery
776:online free to borrow
346:The Age of Federalism
328:The Age of Federalism
263:British abolitionists
237:University of Chicago
200:University of Chicago
192:The Age of Federalism
168:Boston, Massachusetts
152:University of Chicago
92:, Massachusetts, U.S.
172:Leeds, Massachusetts
25:Stanley Edward Elkin
934:American historians
883:American Quarterly,
787:Publisher's Summary
531:American Quarterly,
521:American Quarterly,
402:1994 Bancroft Prize
255:Columbia University
196:Columbia University
166:(April 27, 1925 in
125:Columbia University
110:Academic background
684:Lane, Ann (1971).
591:2013-09-03 at the
310:affirmative action
229:Richard Hofstadter
221:Harvard University
174:) was an American
121:Harvard University
82:September 16, 2013
839:978-0-8195-6217-3
485:978-1-55849-347-6
470:Cecelia M. Kenyon
461:978-0-19-506890-0
436:978-0-226-20477-2
366:George Washington
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144:Institutions
84:(2013-09-16)
924:2013 deaths
919:1925 births
669:23 December
618:23 December
98:Nationality
913:Categories
747:2013-09-29
551:References
370:John Adams
308:supported
136:Discipline
116:Alma mater
59:1925-04-27
302:Civil War
176:historian
887:in JSTOR
756:cite web
589:Archived
545:in JSTOR
535:in JSTOR
525:in JSTOR
515:in JSTOR
505:in JSTOR
494:Articles
362:John Jay
348:won the
342:Hamilton
282:Kentucky
278:Maryland
851:Slavery
816:(2007).
810:Slavery
805:(1998).
713:. OUP.
443:reviews
296:during
225:GI Bill
223:on the
139:History
101:America
836:
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774:It is
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73:, U.S.
67:Boston
415:Books
317:Sambo
90:Leeds
834:ISBN
762:link
715:ISBN
690:ISBN
671:2021
620:2021
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431:ISBN
368:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
