Stane Street - Knowledge

1142: 984: 404: 840: 1085: 474: 973:. From North Holmwood to Ockley (a distance of 5.5 km (3 mi)), the exact route has been confirmed by a series of excavations. Much of this section remains in good condition (albeit buried below ground level), although the upper surface appears to have been removed (presumably to supply stone to local building projects). A large quantity of flints, which do not occur in the Weald Clay, were found in the remaining core. The flint is likely to have been quarried to the north of Dorking and then transported to the site, suggesting that this part of the road was built from north to south. 958: 786: 1109: 1003:. The only significant deviation is at Okewood Hill, where the road loops to the west for around 200 m (220 yd) to cross a small stream at a convenient fording point. The A29, which follows the route through Ockley, also leaves the direct London Bridge-Pulborough alignment at this point, but turns instead to the east. This section of Stane Street is largely flat, with the exception of the hill at 980:, before descending to Ockley. Although the later route is longer, steeper and requires an ascent to an altitude of 225 m (738 ft), it remains on the freer draining Lower Greensand. It is possible that, once the upper surface of the Roman road had been robbed, the corresponding section of Stane Street (on Weald Clay) was impassable in the wetter months. 58: 431:(260 m (850 ft) above OD). The steep gradients that would have been required if the road had followed a direct line would not have been practical for wheeled traffic. The road was therefore designed to cross the North Downs by a natural breach cut by the River Mole and to pass to the east of the high ground of 836:, although it is unclear whether the area was under active cultivation at the time of construction. The considerable evidence of both Bronze Age and Iron Age activity on Mickleham Downs suggests that a pre-existing early trackway was adapted and straightened by the Romans, to create this part of Stane Street. 1285:

as a political entity, decreased the importance of the north-south roads leading across the Weald to the former Roman capital and so much of the rest of Stane Street was abandoned. The route between Alfoldean and Pulborough, which connects Billingshurst with two crossing points of the River Arun (and

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flints and gravel embedded in sand and silt. Close to Tyrell's Wood and Mickleham Downs, Stane Street consisted of water-washed pebbles laid directly onto the chalk, which are thought to have given this section its local name, 'Pebble Lane'. Near to the Alfoldean station the metalling was constructed

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Stane Street crossed the River Arun for a second time at Pulborough Bridge. Although the original crossing is lost, a medieval-style bridge was built in 1777 on the same site. The road was laid on top of a 580 m (630 yd) causeway to cross marshy ground on the south side of the river, over

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Elsewhere the road was lightly used and was most likely quarried in the decades following the end of Roman rule, to provide stone to for local construction. Particularly where the route ran across Weald Clay, removal of the upper surface probably rendered the road unusable in the wetter months and

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was located at the western end of the High Street, in the 'triangle' between West Street and South Street. Excavations taking place in 2013, during the rebuilding of the Waitrose supermarket in South Street, failed to produce any significant finds of Roman origin that might support the presence of

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and Clapham Road. The course of the road around Clapham Common is unclear and it may have remained on the direct alignment (which would have required a descent to run alongside a former tributary of the Thames) or followed a similar route to the A24 along the south side of the Common, which would

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Excavations in the 1970s and 1980s (in Horsham Road and Church Street respectively) uncovered sections of road in Dorking: however, they could not be conclusively identified as Stane Street. It seems likely that the A2003 follows the general route as it left the town to the south. The confirmed

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Likewise the roads in Sussex, and that in particular which was formerly a Roman work, call'd Stony-street or Stone-street: Mr Cambden mentions it as going from Leatherhead to Darking and thro' Darking church-yard, then across a terrible deep country, call'd the Homeward, and so to Petworth and

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long-distance path follows the route, the flint surface of the well-preserved road is exposed and the trees are mostly cut back to the boundary ditches. The A285 joins the route at the western side of Eartham Woods, although it leaves the alignment almost immediately to avoid the ascent of

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were provided at regular intervals (generally every 15–20 km (9.3–12.4 mi)) along Roman roads, so that official messengers could change horses and travellers could rest. Typically, they were rectangular fortified sites of about 1 ha (2.5 acres).

359:(69-79), consistent with the road being in use by 60 to 70 AD. Stane Street may in fact have been constructed during the first decade of Roman occupation, as early as 43–53 AD. Archaeological evidence from later periods includes coins from the reigns of 653:

are considered most likely, based on the distances between them, though the remains would now be hidden under modern development. Alternative sites for the posting stations have also been suggested at Ewell, the Burford Bridge (where the road crossed the

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to Ewell, is the only part of the road which lies on the direct alignment to the east gate of Chichester, (although the builders made short local deviations to avoid difficult ground conditions). From the start of the route on the south bank of the

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and ditches 4 m (13 ft) wide and as deep, which were dated by pottery finds to around 90 AD. The ditches were filled in by the mid-third century. The team's view was that the site had been an administrative and taxation centre for the

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It has been suggested that the section of road between Chichester and Hardham was the first part of Stane Street to be constructed and that (based on archaeological finds) the Romans straightened and improved an existing Iron Age trackway.

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in 1913, in which he attempted to reconstruct the entirety of the route. Since Belloc was not a trained surveyor, his work on the route to the north of Dorking contained significant inaccuracies, which W. A. Grant (a former captain in the

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is followed by the A29 today), was probably maintained as a local link. Similarly, the 8 km (5 mi) stretch of road to the east of Chichester was a useful route to ascend onto the South Downs (and is followed by the A285 today).

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narrows to a width of 1 m (3 ft), although its height often exceeds 1.5 m (5 ft). The distinctive shape is thought to result from a series of post-Roman reconstructions, which converted Stane Street to a prominent

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Arundel: But we see nothing of it now; and the country remains in the utmost distress for want of good roads: So also all over the Wild of Kent and Sussex is the same, where corn is cheap at the barn because it cannot be brought in.

2158: 735:. Excavations carried out between 1997 and 1999 showed that the road was approximately 14 m (46 ft) wide and the surface consisted primarily of pebbles compacted into silt and the natural gravel below. Two metal 2849: 491:(a raised embankment on which the upper road surface was laid), with parallel ditches either side. A variety of local materials was used to build the road, sometimes supplemented with stone brought from elsewhere. The 2202: 1809: 3722: 2898: 2639: 1859: 2522: 2117: 1933: 1634: 1382:

A 32 m (105 ft) length of Stane Street at Redlands Wood near South Holmwood was restored by the archaeologist S. E. Winbolt in 1935. The section was turfed over to protect it for future generations.

2473: 851:, but from there south, the course is more uncertain. Stane Street is thought to have taken the same route as the modern B2209, the surface of which has been worn down over centuries of use to produce the 221:). The exact date of construction is uncertain; however, on the basis of archaeological artefacts discovered along the route, it was in use by 70 AD and may have been built in the first decade of the 2370: 2017: 3591: 3538: 3323: 3189: 731:. The course of the river has changed since Roman times and the original crossing point (believed to have been a ford, although there may have been a bridge for pedestrians) was close to the site of 1477:

East-west 'ridgeway' routes (in particular those following the escarpments of the North and South Downs) increased in importance during the same period, especially after the annexation of Sussex by

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The site of the Roman London Bridge, at the northern end of Stane Street, is approximately 60 m (197 ft) east of the modern bridge. From there the route heads southwestwards, but between

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is some 30 m (33 yd) south of the bridge site. A small, linear settlement grew up alongside the 300 m (300 yd) stretch of road immediately to the south of the posting station.

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In the case of the Horsham Road site, the road could not be definitively identified as Roman, although the depth (1.4 m below ground level) is consistent with that of other parts of Stane Street.

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in the Dorking area. Numerous excavations and chance findings along the length of the High Street (from Pump Corner in the west to Pippbrook House in the east) have produced coins, pottery

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was carried out in 1997, which revealed that the station was roughly square with a total area of 1.4 ha (3.5 acres). Much of the western side was destroyed by the construction of the

1037:. The modern roads also curve away from the straight alignment through Billingshurst, however in this instance, the Roman road is thought to have done the same to accommodate the local 3253: 1025:

The 16 km (9.9 mi) section of the route south from Alfoldean to Pulborough is overlain by the A29. The general alignment is a straight line sighted from Brockham Warren (on

1105:. An excavation carried out in 1913, showed that the roadway had previously been much wider and the distance between the outer ditches was measured as 28 m (92 ft). 3791:

A tour thro' the whole island of Great Britain: divided into circuits or journies, giving a particular and diverting account of whatever is curious and worth observation ..

1256:. Nevertheless, Stane Street continued to be an important trade route until at least the early fourth century, and goods transported along the road included pottery from 902:

failed to find any trace of the road along his proposed route. The current consensus is that this section of Stane Street most likely lies under the A24 dual carriageway.

1212:. At Westhampnett, near the Rolls-Royce works, the Roman coastal road, which became the older A27 road, branches at the mini-roundabout. The Roman road continues via 2552: 4014:

Britain, or a Chorographicall Description of the most flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Ilands adjoyning, out of the depth of Antiquitie

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Although knowledge of Stane Street appears to have continued from Anglo-Saxon times into the early modern period and beyond (as evidenced by a reference in

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and the four posting stations (the northern two supposed) are shown. The modern courses of the three major rivers crossed by the road are also displayed.

1065:, to the south west of Pulborough. From here Stane Street turns to run straight towards the east gate of Chichester, passing the notable Roman villa at 2499: 2094: 1918: 2684: 4295: 1304: 855:

visible today. The footpath on the western side of the modern road may indicate the extent to which the original Roman road surface has been eroded.

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of the North Downs more quickly. It has been suggested that the road bends somewhat more sharply than was strictly necessary, possibly to avoid the

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The distance between the outer ditches also varies and was found to be 12–16 m (39–52 ft) at Merton Priory and 27 m (89 ft) at

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Although the actual width of the metalling varies from place to place, the average width of the paved road is 7.4 m (24 ft), or 25 Roman

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proposed that the road headed directly for the town centre from the Burford Bridge, an alignment that would have taken it beneath the present day

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The Anglo-Saxon road south from Dorking (now Coldharbour Lane) remains on the Lower Greensand as it ascends the eastern slopes of Leith Hill.

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on which the bridge was built are still present in the river bed. Scattered Roman tiles and squared stone in the river bed show that stone

773:, meaning "the south enclosure", which may relate to its position in relation to the road. Stane Street runs along the western boundary of 3308: 3166: 2324: 1412:

Before vines were planted in the 1980s, the vineyard was the site of Bradley Farm, the fields of which were subject to regular ploughing.

566: 1355:, first published in 1936, made a significant contribution to our current understanding and formed the basis of the relevant chapter in 870:. Excavations carried out in 1937 revealed a "flint-surfaced approach to ford at low level having all the signs of Roman workmanship". 4022: 17: 3914:"Seven sections of Stane Street Roman road between Eartham and Bignor, a prehistoric linear boundary and two bowl barrows (1016621)" 976:

The Saxon and medieval road from Dorking to the south bypasses this section, by climbing the eastern slopes of Leith Hill as far as

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Based on the distance from Alfoldean (some 18.3 km (11.4 mi) to the town centre), there would be expected to have been a

626:, but evidence of the north and south gateways, as well as traces of the outer ditches, remain. Cremation burials dating from the 4344: 4339: 3913: 3889: 3865: 3391: 3367: 2968: 2399: 2049: 1977: 1443:

It has been suggested that the steep gradients encountered on Stane Street, as well as the waterlogging of the clay soils of the

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Map of Stane Street showing the direct line from London Bridge to Chichester and the actual course of the road. The positions of

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at Hardham is thought to have become disused by the end of the second century AD and the road is absent from the third-century

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meaning a fortified site, which may reference a guard post or larger encampment defending the ford over the River Mole) and at

331:. Some historical sources refer to the road as 'Stone Street'. There is no surviving record of the road's original Roman name. 228:

Stane Street shows clearly the engineering principles that the Romans used when building roads. A straight-line alignment from

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Although no conclusive evidence for the route has been found in the 5 km (3 mi) 'gap' between the Mole crossing and

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Just to the south of the steep descent from Rowhook through Roman Woods, the road crossed the River Arun. Some of the timber

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via a spur of chalk at Bignortail Wood. The road is visible as a terrace, cut into the steep hillside, as it climbs towards

2548: 1334:, first published in 1586), no systematic studies of the route were carried out until the early 20th century. The writer 817:, which may have held religious significance for the local British tribes. A second change in alignment occurs where the 438:

The geology of the region was also considered and the road leaves the direct line at Ewell to move onto the well-drained

264:. At no point does the road lie more than 10 km (6 mi) from the direct line from London Bridge to Chichester. 3918: 3894: 3870: 3396: 3372: 2973: 2404: 2054: 1982: 1919:"The excavation of prehistoric remains, a Roman road and post-medieval kiln at Stane Street, Westhampnett, West Sussex" 1660: 1347:) attempted to address in his critical review, published in 1922. Excavations carried out by the amateur archaeologist 3958:

The natural history and antiquities of the county of Surrey: Begun in the year 1673, and continued to the present time

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in 1155, which would have prevented access to the section between Headley Road and Chalk Lane (to the south of Epsom).

1281:, was sufficiently large to ensure the retention of the stretch of road between Ewell and Southwark. The emergence of 906:

alignment reappears in the south of North Holmwood, close to the junction of the A24 dual carriageway and Spook Hill.

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periods have been found both inside and just outside of the enclosure, however, their relationship to the rest of the

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It has been suggested that the route between Ewell and Thirty Acres Barn, Ashtead fell out of use as a result of the

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site. To the north of Pulborough another road branched off in a southeasterly direction to meet the Greensand Way at

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is unlikely to have been caused by erosion, which generally results in a spreading and flattening of the embankment.

1033:), although the modern road deviates from the original route of Stane Street for short distances, especially around 615: 1267:

used and maintained the route reflects the changes in government and economic activity which took place after the

4334: 3617: 3309:"New evidence for the origins, development and internal morphology of the Roman roadside settlement at Alfoldean" 1708: 403: 983: 518: 3516:"The Rowhook–Farley Heath branch road: excavations by ID Margary and AJ Clark and further field observations" 2319:. Vol. 25, St George's Fields (The Parishes of St. George the Martyr Southwark and St. Mary Newington). 746:, a circular mound roughly 32 m (105 ft) in diameter and 3.4 m (11 ft) high, survives in 35: 801:

was a large Romano-British town. Stane Street approaches from the northeast, leaving the silty clays of the

2680: 1268: 839: 818: 3752: 914: 739:, likely to have been worn by high-status individuals, were among the archaeological artefacts uncovered. 4254: 623: 324: 3055:

A Bronze Age ring-ditch and Mesolithic and Medieval activity at Waitrose, South Street, Dorking, Surrey

2924: 809:. Close to the present Church Street, the road makes a 23° turn to the south, to allow it to reach the 732: 638:

is unclear. The Hardham station is thought to have become disused by the end of the second century AD.

260:. The direct survey line was followed only for the northernmost 20 km (12 mi) from London to 4207: 2989: 2781: 2737: 1845:"The archaeological evidence for the route of Stane Street from Mickleham Downs to London Road, Ewell" 1015: 2576:"Activity within the prehistoric landscape of the Surrey chalk downland, Cherkley Court, Leatherhead" 455: 31: 991:, looking north. Stane Street is the straight line running diagonally from bottom left to top right. 824:

The section from Thirty Acres Barn, Ashtead to Mickleham Downs is well preserved and is listed as a

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Ewell was one of only two known large Roman towns in the modern county of Surrey, the other being

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The military importance of Stane Street appears to have declined through the second half of the

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have also been suggested at the Burford Bridge (the 'bur' part of the name is derived from the

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Overell, B (1991). "Chapter 5: The long eighteenth century: 1689-1836". In Jackson, AA (ed.).

1224:(along a road still named The Street) and part of the Old Shoreham Road (the A270) through to 957: 526:

in a solid 30 cm-thick (1 ft) mass, topped with a double layer of sandstone slats.

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Today the Roman road is easily traceable on modern maps. Much of the route is followed by the

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had been abandoned as a city by the fifth century, the sphere of influence of its successor,

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either a posting station or even Stane Street itself in this area. Alternative sites for the

608: 392: 3577:"What did Ivan Margary ever do for me? An excavation of the Roman Greensand Way at Plumpton" 1084: 4012: 1221: 1201: 1174: 1054: 867: 716: 704: 487: 304: 213: 140: 1447:, led to the apparent demise of the road. Climate changes associated with the end of the 785: 503: 8: 4058: 1400: 977: 899: 891: 602:

built around a courtyard and also many other buildings. The site was enclosed by massive

244:. The road was therefore designed to exploit a natural gap in the North Downs cut by the 1129:, before rejoining again for the final 7 km (4.3 mi) stretch into Chichester. 4203: 4060:

The topography of Stane Street: a critical review of The Stane Street by Hilaire Belloc

3680: 3672: 2291: 2283: 1709:"Alfoldean, Slinfold, West Sussex: Archaeological Evaluation and Assessment of Results" 1277: 1249: 859: 825: 747: 712: 697: 655: 339:

A number of first-century pottery fragments have been found along the road, including

288: 272: 63: 715:, most likely to avoid marshy ground to the east. It then continues southwestwards as 4225: 4191: 4172: 4153: 4133: 4111: 4092: 4073: 4043: 3994: 3975: 3684: 3123: 3058: 2876:"Excavation of Roman and medieval deposits at the rear of 29-55 High Street, Dorking" 2295: 1448: 1282: 388: 380: 1999:"Hardham Camp Coldwaltham, West Sussex: Report on Geophysical Surveys, October 1997" 506:

was generally about 30 cm (1 ft) thick at the centre and had a pronounced

4018: 3909: 3885: 3861: 3714: 3664: 3530: 3387: 3363: 3181: 2964: 2890: 2631: 2590: 2514: 2395: 2362: 2275: 2109: 2045: 2009: 1973: 1121: 1026: 627: 499: 428: 2617:"Searching for lost Roman roads at Tayles Hill, Ewell and Juniper Hall, Mickleham" 291:, including the well-preserved section from Mickleham Downs to Thirty Acres Barn, 1344: 1298: 1257: 1154: 1149:

At least five Roman roads are known to have had junctions with Stane Street. The

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As the route of Stane Street leaves Dorking, the underlying geology changes from

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may also have rendered river crossings impassable during periods of wet weather.

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The confirmed route reaches the southwestern corner of Mickleham Downs close to

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was often constructed of alternating layers of sand and gravel paved with large

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Hodder, I (1974). "Some marketing models for Romano-British coarse pottery".

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Winbolt, SE; Lowther, AWG (1936). "Stane Street in Redlands Wood, Holmwood".

1465: 1348: 1252:, which indicates that the preferred route from Chichester to London was via 1241: 802: 755: 728: 680: 646: 514: 320: 315:

roads from muddy native trackways. The name of the road is first recorded as

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subsequently all traces were eliminated by ploughing or urban development.

1264: 1186: 1178: 1170: 887: 848: 833: 806: 774: 724: 685: 543: 531: 3890:"Section of Stane Street 300yds (275m) in length in Roman Woods (1005837)" 3953: 1308:(1724–1727), which describes the country shortly before the start of the 1194: 1182: 1078: 1074: 1030: 939: 918: 852: 810: 763: 641:

Given its length, Stane Street would be expected to have had two further

507: 443: 412: 284: 241: 233: 1253: 1190: 1070: 1038: 1000: 970: 895: 663: 574: 447: 432: 257: 253: 249: 245: 218: 3676: 2352:"44 Clapham Common Southside, London W4; An Archaeological Evaluation" 2287: 2050:"Roman mansio and settlement, 535m north-east of Penn House (1005866)" 4271: 1461: 1229: 594: 589: 523: 384: 356: 207: 129: 57: 3718: 3534: 3185: 3079: 2894: 2635: 2594: 2518: 2366: 2113: 2013: 502:, or sandstone, surfaced with smaller flint or sand and gravel. The 465:

No evidence survives as to how the course of the road was surveyed.

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Proceedings of the Leatherhead & District Local History Society

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Map of Eartham Woods dated 1848, showing the route of Stane Street.

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which was a Romano-British settlement. In the 1960s, the historian

585: 446:. The road is able to make a more gentle ascent of the South Downs 376: 364: 344: 276: 88:

Constructed in 1st century AD, several sections remain in use today

2990:"Cocks Farm, Abinger Hammer: 1996 excavations - a brief statement" 2969:"Romano-British villa 120m east of Abinger Hall Stables (1019640)" 535:. This is wider than the average 6.51 m (21.4 ft) or 22 351:

found along the route are from the reigns of Claudius (41–54 AD),

1302:) described the disappearance of Stane Street in his travelogue, 1158: 1113: 1004: 917:

and other items that indicate a Roman presence. There was also a

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The direct line from London Bridge to Chichester passes over the

372: 292: 268: 3122:. Dorking, Surrey: Dorking Local History Group. pp. 37–66. 2359:

Pre-construct Archaeology Ltd (London) Unpublished Report Series

3748: 3167:"Investigation of Stane Street at South Holmwood, near Dorking" 1478: 1066: 999:, where the road takes up a line sighted from London Bridge to 988: 946: 751: 659: 556: 328: 280: 2006:

English Heritage Research Department Unpublished Report Series

1756:(PhD). Vol. 1. University College London. pp. 46–49. 1069:. It makes a slight detour from the direct line to ascend the 832:

survey revealed that Stane Street was built across an earlier

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approximately 350 m (380 yd) west of the road. From

711:, it deviates from the direct line to Chichester to run along 454:

and the chosen route avoids the need to cross the steep-sided

2311:"Borough High Street, Blackman Street and Newington Causeway" 1444: 1379:

at Alfoldean and Hardham, are listed as scheduled monuments.

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Magilton, J (1996). "Roman roads in the Manhood Peninsula".

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For much of its length, Stane Street consisted of a central

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has either been completely abandoned or is followed only by

352: 1007:, 86 m (282 ft) above OD, which the A29 avoids. 1193:. It is unclear whether it continued beyond this towards 279:

and A285, although most of the course through the modern

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to Chichester would have required steep crossings of the

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is the modern name of the 91 km-long (57 mi)

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Dorking: A Surrey market town through twenty centuries

2725:. No. 53107. London. 6 December 1954. p. 14. 442:

of the North Downs, in preference to remaining on the

2710:. No. 45015. London. 4 October 1928. p. 18. 2266:(1982). "Further Evidence for Roman London Bridge?". 573:, each of which was close to a crossing point of the 30:

For the Roman road from Braughing to Colchester, see

3433: 3431: 2706:"The Straight Furrow: A Ploughing Match In Surrey". 2668:. No. 47642. London. 25 March 1937. p. 17. 2188:"Stane Street (Chichester-London): the third mansio" 3974:. London: Constable (re-issued by Kessinger 2005). 3908: 3884: 3860: 3386: 3362: 2963: 2779: 2394: 2044: 1972: 1208:, following a well-drained sandstone ridge east to 843:

Looking north along the B2209 towards Juniper Hall.

598:. Excavations revealed the remains of a two-storey 4276:. Series 13. Episode 12. 9 April 2006. Channel 4. 3346: 3344: 3034: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1754:Roman surveying on continuous linear constructions 1543: 1235: 1050:which the modern A29 runs as far as Winters Farm. 481:under pasture on the South Downs near Bignor Hill. 3937:. No. 47085. London. 8 June 1935. p. 7. 3428: 2775: 2773: 2549:"Having a field day with Lidar in the Surrey HER" 1968: 1966: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1795:"The Roman road Stane Street uncovered in Merton" 1596: 1594: 1555: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1527: 882:, Stane Street is thought to have passed through 311:) which was commonly used to differentiate paved 4326: 4089:An Illustrated History of Roman Roads in Britain 3991:The Secret History of the Roman Roads of Britain 3842: 3618:"The Lost Roman Road From Chichester To Arundel" 2095:"Stane Street: Location of the posting-stations" 1951: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1375:Several sections of Stane Street, including the 4268:"The Taxman's Tavern: Roman Mansio (Alfoldean)" 4212:. Vol. VI. Edinburgh: A. Fullarton and Co. 4190:(4th ed.). Thornton Heath: Derek W James. 3793:. Vol. 2. London: G. Strahan. p. 128. 3556: 3495: 3416: 3404: 3341: 3288: 3260:. Sussex Archaeological Society. Archived from 3207: 2814: 2446: 2232: 2040: 2038: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1760: 1733: 1703: 1701: 952: 894:site. However, excavations in the mid-2000s at 777:as it enters Surrey to the northeast of Ewell. 679:The northernmost section of Stane Street, from 662:(where the road is thought to have crossed the 3933:"Stane Street restoration work near Dorking". 3142: 2835:"The Wheatsheaf, Dorking: excavations in 1976" 2770: 2308: 2151:Surrey Archaeological Society Research Volumes 1963: 1916: 1901: 1591: 1524: 1495: 1305:A tour thro' the whole island of Great Britain 780: 248:and to pass to the east of the high ground of 3448: 3446: 3236: 3234: 2832: 2141: 1745: 1606: 3160: 3158: 2957: 2458: 2035: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1777: 1698: 1514: 1512: 1510: 995:A change of direction occurs to the west of 873: 805:and moving briefly onto the better-draining 720:have allowed it to remain on higher ground. 303:Stane is simply an old spelling of "stone" ( 4355:1st-century establishments in Roman Britain 3513: 3489:Archaeology of Chichester and District 1995 1628:"Extensive Urban Survey of Surrey: Dorking" 1044: 1018:were built above the piling. The Alfoldean 949:(where there may have been a Roman villa). 797:From the first to the fourth centuries AD, 565:have in been identified on Stane Street at 3463: 3461: 3443: 3231: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3022: 2500:"Roads and temples: Stane Street at Ewell" 2201:. Surrey Archaeological Society: 207–210. 2074: 2062: 1858:. Surrey Archaeological Society: 225–250. 1751: 1204:diverges from Stane Street at the Hardham 468: 3767: 3636: 3306: 3155: 3084:Journal of the English Place-Name Society 2780:Ettlinger, V; Gower, J; Green, L (1984). 2608: 2467:"Extensive Urban Survey of Surrey: Ewell" 2244: 2220: 2135: 1889: 1877: 1827: 1658: 1625: 1507: 674: 4110:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 4086: 3746: 3700:"The meeting place of Copthorne Hundred" 3486: 3437: 2434: 2181: 2179: 1957: 1177:. From Rowhook a road went northwest to 1140: 1112:Looking northeast along Stane Street at 1107: 1083: 982: 956: 838: 784: 472: 402: 4216: 4209:Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales 4166: 4144: 4124: 4067: 3848: 3837: 3562: 3501: 3468:Rudling, David (1986). "Stane Street". 3467: 3458: 3422: 3410: 3392:"Old Swan Bridge, Pulborough (1005845)" 3350: 3294: 3240: 3213: 3117: 3106: 3052: 3040: 2820: 2546: 2464: 2452: 2428:Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names 2250: 2238: 2185: 2092: 1771: 1739: 1692: 1600: 1585: 1573: 1537: 1501: 252:, before following flatter land in the 14: 4327: 4202: 4037: 4007: 3988: 3964: 3952: 3815: 3803: 3773: 3654: 3574: 3452: 3282: 3225: 3174:Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin 3077: 3028: 2997:Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin 2932:Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin 2789:Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin 2745:Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin 2721:"Near Box Hill: Ploughing In Surrey". 2226: 2080: 2068: 1895: 1883: 1842: 1561: 1549: 1518: 4280:from the original on 12 December 2021 4185: 4105: 4056: 3826: 3785: 3642: 3615: 2922: 2472:. Surrey County Archaeological Unit. 2440: 2425: 2349: 2262: 2176: 1996: 1792: 1633:. Surrey County Archaeological Unit. 1096:As the road crosses Gumber Down, the 4152:(3rd ed.). London: John Baker. 3751:. Epsom and Ewell History Explorer. 3697: 3164: 2987: 2873: 2735: 2678: 2614: 2573: 2555:from the original on 24 October 2020 2497: 2164:from the original on 30 January 2021 762:. The name 'Sutton' is derived from 592:archaeological television programme 407:The 'Roman Signpost' on Bignor Hill. 4350:Archaeological sites in West Sussex 4025:from the original on 2 January 2021 3971:The Stane Street : A Monograph 3755:from the original on 2 January 2021 3728:from the original on 2 January 2021 3624:from the original on 2 January 2021 3597:from the original on 2 January 2021 3544:from the original on 2 January 2021 3329:from the original on 2 January 2021 3246: 3195:from the original on 2 January 2021 3094:from the original on 2 January 2021 3010:from the original on 2 January 2021 2945:from the original on 2 January 2021 2904:from the original on 2 January 2021 2855:from the original on 2 January 2021 2802:from the original on 2 January 2021 2758:from the original on 2 January 2021 2687:from the original on 2 January 2021 2645:from the original on 2 January 2021 2528:from the original on 2 January 2021 2479:from the original on 2 January 2021 2376:from the original on 2 January 2021 2327:from the original on 2 January 2021 2208:from the original on 2 January 2021 2123:from the original on 2 January 2021 2023:from the original on 2 January 2021 1939:from the original on 2 January 2021 1865:from the original on 2 January 2021 1815:from the original on 2 January 2021 1721:from the original on 2 January 2021 1640:from the original on 2 January 2021 758:and forms the northern boundary of 709:Elephant & Castle tube stations 549: 170:Greater London, Surrey, West Sussex 24: 3919:National Heritage List for England 3895:National Heritage List for England 3871:National Heritage List for England 3397:National Heritage List for England 3373:National Heritage List for England 3057:. London: Spoilheap Publications. 2974:National Heritage List for England 2405:National Heritage List for England 2055:National Heritage List for England 1983:National Heritage List for England 1714:. Wessex Archaeology. April 2006. 692:as far as the northeast corner of 588:, was investigated in 2006 by the 334: 25: 4376: 4260: 3707:Surrey Archaeological Collections 3584:Sussex Archaeological Collections 3523:Surrey Archaeological Collections 3316:Sussex Archaeological Collections 3145:Surrey Archaeological Collections 2883:Surrey Archaeological Collections 2842:Surrey Archaeological Collections 2683:. Surrey Archaeological Society. 2624:Surrey Archaeological Collections 2583:Surrey Archaeological Collections 2195:Surrey Archaeological Collections 1926:Sussex Archaeological Collections 1852:Surrey Archaeological Collections 1802:Surrey Archaeological Collections 1321: 584:, which is partly covered by the 347:date at Pulborough. The earliest 3960:. Vol. 1. London: E. Curll. 3926: 3902: 3878: 3854: 3831: 3820: 2782:"Stane Street at North Holmwood" 2664:"The Mole Crossing at Burford". 1978:"Alfoldean Roman site (1005838)" 1626:Robertson, Jane (August 2004) . 1120:Through Eartham Woods where the 866:close to the site of the modern 688:, the course is followed by the 419:(200 m (660 ft) above 205:in southern England that linked 56: 4188:A History of Sutton AD 675–1960 4072:. Kibworth Beauchamp: Matador. 3945: 3809: 3797: 3779: 3740: 3691: 3648: 3609: 3568: 3507: 3480: 3380: 3356: 3300: 3276: 3219: 3136: 3071: 3046: 2981: 2925:"Dorking Roman Coin TQ16954975" 2916: 2867: 2826: 2729: 2714: 2699: 2672: 2657: 2567: 2547:Salkeld, E (28 February 2020). 2540: 2491: 2419: 2388: 2343: 2302: 2256: 2086: 1990: 1686: 1652: 1471: 1454: 1437: 1424: 1415: 1406: 1393: 1370: 1236:Decline and partial abandonment 1136: 1061:joined the road at the Hardham 925:. Both Margary and the writer, 450:at Bignor than was possible at 4345:Archaeological sites in Surrey 4340:Archaeological sites in London 2681:"Denbies Wine Estate, Dorking" 1579: 1567: 754:, Stane Street passes through 624:Pulborough to Midhurst railway 27:Roman road in southern England 13: 1: 4360:History of the City of London 3993:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. 3368:"Pulborough Bridge (1353973)" 2400:"Morden Park mound (1002011)" 2309:Ida Darlington, ed. (2015) . 1488: 1340:The Stane Street: A monograph 225:(as early as 43–53 AD). 36:Stane Street (disambiguation) 4222:With a spade on Stane Street 2738:"Searching for Stane Street" 1367:15 is assigned to the road. 1353:With a spade on Stane Street 1269:end of Roman rule in Britain 1173:to cross the South Downs at 953:North Holmwood to Pulborough 819:Epsom to Sutton railway line 539:for Roman roads in Britain. 398: 298: 80:91 km (57 mi) 7: 4255:Chichester to Sidlesham Way 4238: 2551:. Exploring Surrey's Past. 2465:Poulton, Rob (June 2003) . 1242:Roman occupation of Britain 781:Ewell to the Burford Bridge 517:, the surface consisted of 223:Roman occupation of Britain 10: 4381: 4169:Sussex: People and History 4068:Jenkins, Terrence (2014). 3514:Hall A, English J (2004). 3470:The Archaeological Journal 3307:Luke, M; Wells, J (2000). 2144:"Historic Towns in Surrey" 1917:Priestley-Bell, G (2010). 1185:where it passes through a 789:Stane Street as it passes 742:A rare example of a Roman 733:Colliers Wood tube station 29: 4132:. London: Phoenix House. 4106:Jones, Michael A (1996). 4057:Grant, William A (1922). 1430:The unusual shape of the 1157:, before passing through 874:The route through Dorking 858:Stane Street crossed the 849:Juniper Hall Field Centre 723:Stane Street crossed the 183: 178: 174: 166: 156: 151: 147: 136: 125: 120: 110: 106: 96: 92: 84: 76: 71: 55: 50: 45: 32:Stane Street (Colchester) 18:Stane Street (Chichester) 4186:Smith, Robert P (1970). 4171:. Marlborough: Crowood. 4108:The End of Roman Britain 3866:"Stane Street (1003798)" 1386: 1263:The extent to which the 1045:Pulborough to Chichester 1029:) to Borough Hill (near 669: 188:Roman roads in Britannia 4167:Skinner, Denys (2002). 4130:Roman Ways in the Weald 1752:Hargreaves, GH (1996). 1361:Roman Ways in the Weald 1351:, detailed in his book 1041:and ground conditions. 469:Design and construction 308: 4335:Roman roads in England 4250:Roman roads in Britain 4150:Roman Roads in Britain 4040:Roads in Roman Britain 2337:British History Online 1659:Crossland, EA (1993). 1151:London to Brighton Way 1146: 1117: 1093: 992: 962: 844: 821:cuts across the road. 794: 696:and from there by the 675:London Bridge to Ewell 482: 408: 34:. For other uses, see 4087:Johnston, DE (1979). 4038:Davies, Hugh (2002). 3616:Small, Fiona (2018). 2833:O'Connell, M (1980). 2321:London County Council 2142:O'Connell, M (1977). 1363:, published in 1948. 1310:Industrial Revolution 1144: 1111: 1087: 986: 960: 842: 788: 727:close to the site of 609:Wealden iron industry 476: 406: 393:Constantine the Great 4311:51.11362°N 0.38538°W 3747:Bouchard, B (2012). 3620:. Historic England. 3078:Briggs, Rob (2018). 2507:London Archaeologist 2102:London Archaeologist 2093:Titford, CE (1969). 1202:Sussex Greensand Way 929:, proposed that the 717:Kennington Park Road 632:early Romano-British 554:Posting stations or 214:Noviomagus Reginorum 141:Noviomagus Reginorum 4307: / 4224:. London: Methuen. 4204:Wilson, John Marius 3989:Bishop, MC (2014). 3264:on 21 February 2012 3053:Munnery, T (2016). 1661:"Roman coins found" 1401:Staines-upon-Thames 1181:at the foot of the 1116:Woods, West Sussex. 900:Denbies Wine Estate 289:scheduled monuments 4316:51.11362; -0.38538 4042:. Stroud: Tempus. 3645:, pp. 186–243 3575:Millum, D (2011). 3455:, pp. 110–112 3228:, pp. 161–163 2426:Mills, D. (2000). 1250:Antonine Itinerary 1147: 1118: 1094: 993: 963: 845: 826:scheduled monument 795: 713:Newington Causeway 616:geophysical survey 483: 409: 4178:978-1-86-126519-7 4091:. Spurbooks Ltd. 4079:978-1-78-306470-0 4063:. London: J Long. 4049:978-0-75-242503-0 4019:Holland, Philemon 4000:978-1-84-884615-9 3080:"Dorking, Surrey" 3064:978-0-9576509-7-8 2923:Dendy, D (1976). 2350:Green, E (2018). 1997:Payne, A (2001). 1793:Saxby, D (2008). 1481:in around 827 AD. 1449:Roman Warm Period 1153:road diverged at 700:as far as Ewell. 477:The Stane Street 389:Claudius Gothicus 381:Severus Alexander 319:in both the 1270 196: 195: 72:Route information 16:(Redirected from 4372: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4303: 4300: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4233: 4213: 4199: 4182: 4163: 4141: 4121: 4102: 4083: 4070:Return to London 4064: 4053: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4017:. Translated by 4004: 3985: 3961: 3939: 3938: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3910:Historic England 3906: 3900: 3899: 3886:Historic England 3882: 3876: 3875: 3862:Historic England 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3835: 3829: 3824: 3818: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3727: 3704: 3698:Nail, D (1965). 3695: 3689: 3688: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3596: 3581: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3543: 3520: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3465: 3456: 3450: 3441: 3435: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3388:Historic England 3384: 3378: 3377: 3364:Historic England 3360: 3354: 3348: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3328: 3313: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3285:, pp. 66–67 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3258:Romans in Sussex 3250: 3244: 3238: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3194: 3171: 3165:Hall, A (2004). 3162: 3153: 3152: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3115: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3050: 3044: 3043:, pp. 68–69 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3009: 2994: 2988:Dyer, S (1997). 2985: 2979: 2978: 2965:Historic England 2961: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2944: 2929: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2903: 2880: 2874:Pine, J (2003). 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2854: 2839: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2801: 2786: 2777: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2757: 2742: 2736:Hall, A (2006). 2733: 2727: 2726: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2679:Hall, A (2005). 2676: 2670: 2669: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2644: 2621: 2615:Hall, A (2013). 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2580: 2574:Hogg, I (2019). 2571: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2527: 2504: 2498:Bird, D (2002). 2495: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2478: 2471: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2443:, pp. 70–71 2438: 2432: 2431: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2396:Historic England 2392: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2375: 2356: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2334: 2332: 2316:Survey of London 2306: 2300: 2299: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2207: 2192: 2186:Neale K (1973). 2183: 2174: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2163: 2148: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2122: 2099: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2059: 2046:Historic England 2042: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2022: 2003: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1974:Historic England 1970: 1961: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1938: 1923: 1914: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1864: 1849: 1840: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1814: 1799: 1790: 1775: 1769: 1758: 1757: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1720: 1713: 1705: 1696: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1665: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1639: 1632: 1623: 1604: 1598: 1589: 1583: 1577: 1571: 1565: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1541: 1535: 1522: 1516: 1505: 1499: 1482: 1475: 1469: 1458: 1452: 1441: 1435: 1428: 1422: 1419: 1413: 1410: 1404: 1397: 550:Posting stations 429:Holmbury St Mary 281:county of Surrey 60: 43: 42: 21: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4370: 4369: 4325: 4324: 4315: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4283: 4281: 4266: 4263: 4241: 4236: 4179: 4160: 4146:Margary, Ivan D 4126:Margary, Ivan D 4118: 4099: 4080: 4050: 4028: 4026: 4009:Camden, William 4001: 3982: 3966:Belloc, Hilaire 3948: 3943: 3942: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3907: 3903: 3883: 3879: 3859: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3836: 3832: 3825: 3821: 3814: 3810: 3802: 3798: 3784: 3780: 3772: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3749:"Woodcote Park" 3745: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3719:10.5284/1068944 3702: 3696: 3692: 3653: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3627: 3625: 3614: 3610: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3579: 3573: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3535:10.5284/1069338 3518: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3485: 3481: 3466: 3459: 3451: 3444: 3436: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3409: 3405: 3385: 3381: 3361: 3357: 3349: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3311: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3186:10.5284/1069334 3169: 3163: 3156: 3141: 3137: 3130: 3116: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3076: 3072: 3065: 3051: 3047: 3039: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3013: 3011: 3007: 2992: 2986: 2982: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2927: 2921: 2917: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2895:10.5284/1069320 2878: 2872: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2837: 2831: 2827: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2784: 2778: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2740: 2734: 2730: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2690: 2688: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2636:10.5284/1069386 2619: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2595:10.5284/1095562 2578: 2572: 2568: 2558: 2556: 2545: 2541: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2519:10.5284/1071030 2502: 2496: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2469: 2463: 2459: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2435: 2424: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2393: 2389: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2367:10.5284/1054756 2354: 2348: 2344: 2330: 2328: 2307: 2303: 2261: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2225: 2221: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2190: 2184: 2177: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2146: 2140: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2114:10.5284/1070481 2097: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2075: 2067: 2063: 2043: 2036: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2014:10.5284/1058192 2001: 1995: 1991: 1971: 1964: 1956: 1952: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1921: 1915: 1902: 1894: 1890: 1882: 1878: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1847: 1843:Hall A (2008). 1841: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1797: 1791: 1778: 1770: 1761: 1750: 1746: 1738: 1734: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1699: 1691: 1687: 1677: 1675: 1663: 1657: 1653: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1630: 1624: 1607: 1599: 1592: 1584: 1580: 1572: 1568: 1560: 1556: 1548: 1544: 1536: 1525: 1517: 1508: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1485: 1476: 1472: 1459: 1455: 1442: 1438: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1373: 1345:Royal Engineers 1324: 1299:Robinson Crusoe 1296:(the author of 1258:Rowlands Castle 1238: 1228:(around modern 1155:Kennington Park 1139: 1047: 987:Aerial view of 969:to impermeable 967:Lower Greensand 955: 892:Ashcombe School 876: 815:Hogsmill Spring 783: 677: 672: 618:of the Hardham 552: 471: 425:Greensand Ridge 401: 337: 335:Dating evidence 301: 238:Greensand Ridge 121:Major junctions 67: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 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A 2020 643:mansiones 595:Time Team 590:Channel 4 567:Alfoldean 563:Mansiones 557:mansiones 524:iron slag 504:metalling 460:East Dean 399:Surveying 385:Gallienus 371:(96–98), 367:(81–96), 357:Vespasian 317:Stanstret 299:Etymology 208:Londinium 130:Londinium 4284:14 April 4278:Archived 4239:See also 4220:(1936). 4206:(1872). 4196:29608477 4148:(1973). 4128:(1948). 4023:Archived 4011:(1610). 3968:(1913). 3956:(1718). 3789:(1724). 3753:Archived 3723:Archived 3622:Archived 3592:Archived 3539:Archived 3491:: 31–34. 3476:(1): 41. 3324:Archived 3190:Archived 3092:Archived 3005:Archived 3003:: 8–12. 2940:Archived 2899:Archived 2850:Archived 2797:Archived 2753:Archived 2685:Archived 2640:Archived 2553:Archived 2523:Archived 2474:Archived 2371:Archived 2325:Archived 2264:Milne, G 2203:Archived 2159:Archived 2118:Archived 2018:Archived 1934:Archived 1860:Archived 1810:Archived 1716:Archived 1674:(6): 150 1635:Archived 1359:'s book 1218:Sompting 1163:Godstone 1035:Slinfold 1027:Box Hill 737:brooches 604:ramparts 586:A29 road 377:Commodus 365:Domitian 345:Claudian 167:Counties 152:Location 132:(London) 2751:: 2–4. 1222:Lancing 1175:Clayton 1159:Croydon 1114:Eartham 1073:of the 1005:Rowhook 884:Dorking 705:Borough 651:Dorking 571:Hardham 513:Around 500:nodules 417:Ranmore 373:Hadrian 293:Ashtead 157:Country 85:History 4228: 4194: 4175: 4156: 4136: 4114: 4095: 4076: 4046: 3997: 3978: 3683: 3677:525737 3675: 3126: 3061: 2294: 2288:526500 2286: 2157:: 15. 1479:Wessex 1283:Sussex 1246:mansio 1244:. 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