27:
57:
230:
version of the Circus
Maximus, having a similarly semi-circular end. Colini (1943) estimates the total stadium length as approximately 275 metres, and the total width as 106 metres, while later sources give the height of its outer perimeter benches as 30 m (100 ft) above ground level and its inner perimeter benches as 4.5 m (15 ft) above the arena floor. This arrangement offered a clear view of the track from most seats. The typically Greek layout gave the Stadium its Latinised Greek name,
43:
277:, in or near one of its arcades. With the economic and political crises of the later Imperial and post-Imperial eras, the Stadium seems to have fallen out of its former use; the arcades provided living quarters for the poor and the arena a meeting place. It may have been densely populated: "With the decline of the city after the barbarian invasions, the rapidly dwindling population gradually abandoned the surrounding hills and was concentrated in the
512:
49:
229:
and seated approximately 30,000. The substructures and support frames were made of brick and concrete – a robust, fire-retardant and relatively cheap material – clad in marble. Stylistically, the
Stadium facades would have resembled those of the Colosseum; the floor plan was a scaled down
281:, which contained the main part of Rome until the new developments in the nineteenth century." Substantial portions of the structure survived into the Renaissance era, when they were mined and robbed for building materials.
268:
s garish account of
Emperor Elagabalus, the arcades were used as brothels and the emperor Severus Alexander funded his restoration of the Stadium partly with tax-revenue from the latter. In Christian martyr-legend,
293:
sits over the interior arena of the
Stadium. The sweep of buildings that embrace the Piazza incorporates the Stadium's original lower arcades. They include the most recent rebuilding of the Church of
365:
Bernard, Jean-François et
Rossetto, Paola Ciancio, "Le stade de Domitien: situation topographique, étude architecturale et réflexions concernant la localisation de l’église Sainte-Agnès",
496:
221:, following the damage or destruction of most of its buildings by fire in AD 79. It was Rome's first permanent venue for competitive athletics, erected for Domitian's celebration of the
234:(the place or site of the competitions). The flattened end was sealed by two vertically staggered entrance galleries and the perimeter was arcaded beneath the seating levels, with
261:
The
Stadium was used almost entirely for athletic contests. For "a few years", following fire damage to the Colosseum in AD 217, it was used for gladiator shows. According to the
2716:
3019:
2706:
1804:
405:
479:
421:
465:, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. pp. 366 - 7 has "numerous brothels... and probably shops and workshops as well," like the Circus Maximus.
3009:
245:
The
Stadium of Domitian was the northernmost of a series of public buildings on Campus Martius. To its south stood the smaller and more intimate
2666:
3014:
2271:
389:
574:
516:
102:
2551:
1794:
2571:
2342:
1674:
440:
This ruinous
Colosseum fire was caused by lightning – one of many divine signs to anticipate the death of the emperor Macrinus.
1634:
1919:
3024:
2651:
2231:
1799:
384:
A slightly higher estimate for seating numbers, and a lower estimate for arena length (200-250 meters) are in
Richardson, L.,
2586:
1072:
2581:
2352:
2326:
2671:
1624:
1057:
2889:
2621:
2491:
1709:
1062:
827:
583:
347:
339:
312:
437:
2686:
2631:
2606:
2261:
1849:
1032:
2691:
2591:
2246:
2020:
2005:
1774:
567:
2711:
1789:
1506:
242:(enclosures). The formation of a continuous arena trackway by a raised "spina" or strip has been conjectured.
42:
2426:
2221:
1659:
200:
as a gift to the people of Rome and was used almost entirely for athletic contests. In
Christian tradition,
2676:
2181:
2085:
1944:
1924:
1649:
3034:
2768:
2646:
2616:
2322:
2186:
1769:
1764:
1739:
1729:
1714:
1694:
1664:
1531:
1501:
400:
Arena seating and length estimates from Samuel Ball Platner (as completed and revised by Thomas Ashby):
2909:
1995:
1744:
1699:
1669:
1037:
560:
2701:
2306:
2281:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2226:
2130:
2060:
2030:
1834:
1829:
1644:
1428:
1208:
1052:
1042:
869:
662:
89:
2899:
2656:
2626:
2377:
2291:
2276:
1939:
1914:
1819:
1724:
1679:
1423:
1393:
1100:
1067:
794:
2787:
2774:
2751:
2746:
2721:
2681:
2576:
2541:
2466:
2381:
2301:
2196:
2080:
2055:
2010:
1929:
1844:
1809:
1639:
1116:
817:
294:
249:, used for recitals, songs and orations. The southernmost end of the Campus was dominated by the
217:
The Stadium of Domitian was dedicated in AD 86, as part of an Imperial building programme at the
2781:
2762:
2957:
2797:
2661:
2531:
2511:
2471:
2045:
1894:
1859:
1824:
1814:
1759:
1719:
1654:
1536:
1521:
1491:
1399:
26:
2601:
2526:
2441:
2145:
2110:
2000:
1879:
1864:
1784:
1779:
1704:
1511:
1445:
1404:
1245:
1213:
1157:
2756:
388:, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. pp. 366 - 7, showing reconstructed ground plan:
2802:
2516:
2421:
2411:
2236:
2135:
2070:
1909:
1854:
1684:
1629:
1599:
1320:
1092:
812:
667:
544:
306:
8:
2819:
2357:
1734:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1516:
1305:
1281:
1218:
1195:
999:
972:
844:
776:
699:
652:
334:, Editor(s):Paul Christesen, Donald G. Kyle, :8 November 2013, Wiley Online Books, Print
2967:
2929:
2919:
2556:
2401:
2396:
2241:
1949:
1839:
1526:
1468:
1440:
1375:
1310:
1077:
994:
731:
689:
528:
297:, first founded in the ninth century at the traditional place of St. Agnes' martyrdom.
3029:
2962:
2566:
2416:
2337:
2176:
2125:
2015:
1934:
1754:
1556:
1496:
1370:
1359:
1325:
1252:
1162:
1142:
1047:
859:
849:
761:
746:
343:
335:
250:
246:
2740:
2636:
2501:
2456:
2446:
2211:
2140:
2100:
2025:
1973:
1964:
1954:
1889:
1614:
1462:
1434:
1177:
1082:
989:
905:
807:
756:
706:
672:
642:
495:, pubblicato Dalla Tipografia Vaticana, 1891: (Italian only; Bill Thayer's website
350:
263:
222:
173:
2949:
2934:
2875:
2837:
2696:
2347:
2286:
2150:
2115:
2095:
2050:
2040:
1749:
1562:
1345:
1147:
1087:
1009:
919:
912:
802:
781:
751:
711:
677:
657:
627:
602:
2842:
2596:
2561:
2451:
2431:
2406:
2296:
2090:
2065:
1899:
1884:
1874:
1587:
1387:
1381:
1365:
1286:
1276:
1224:
1202:
1152:
1111:
854:
766:
637:
622:
617:
607:
597:
278:
218:
185:
2998:
2939:
2852:
2847:
2827:
2792:
2641:
2461:
2436:
2367:
2120:
2075:
1869:
1689:
1485:
1170:
1137:
1004:
965:
874:
864:
741:
716:
694:
647:
290:
270:
201:
117:
104:
2983:
2924:
2904:
2870:
2857:
2832:
2521:
2332:
2160:
2155:
2105:
2035:
1904:
1593:
1580:
1297:
926:
771:
736:
726:
721:
684:
612:
354:
3004:
2362:
2201:
1990:
1352:
1238:
1132:
947:
940:
880:
369:, Open Edition Journals, 126-1, 2014, section 20, citing Colini, A. M.,
2481:
2391:
1259:
933:
898:
274:
235:
2731:
2506:
2476:
1291:
1026:
632:
374:
196:. The Stadium was commissioned around AD 80 by Emperor Titus Flavius
552:
404:
London: Oxford University Press, 1929, p.496: Bill Thayer's website
367:
Le culte de sainte Agnès à place Navone entre Antiquité et Moyen Âge
2914:
2206:
1231:
1106:
197:
152:
2191:
137:
2216:
511:
332:
A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity
2611:
193:
48:
253:, restored by Domitian during the same rebuilding program.
189:
309: – Ancient Roman theatre, a landmark of Rome, Italy
273:
was put to death there during the reign of the emperor
330:
Lee, Hugh M., "Greek Sports in Rome", pp. 533-542, in
3020:
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century
2996:
16:Ancient Roman stadium, a landmark of Rome, Italy
463:A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome
386:A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome
568:
2667:Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria
402:A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome,
56:
2818:
2552:Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum
575:
561:
476:A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome
212:
2717:Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum
1635:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
420:, Campus Martius: Bill Thayer's website
3010:80s establishments in the Roman Empire
2997:
2652:Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia
1640:Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican
493:Le Chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX
79:Click on the map for a fullscreen view
1920:Sacro Cuore di GesĂą a Castro Pretorio
582:
556:
2327:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy
1675:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana
3015:1st-century establishments in Italy
2343:Column of the Immaculate Conception
2272:in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere
13:
2672:Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome
1625:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
184:, was located to the north of the
14:
3046:
2622:Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica
2587:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
1063:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
505:
313:List of ancient monuments in Rome
31:Arcade of the Stadium of Domitian
2687:Museum of the Liberation of Rome
2632:Museo delle anime del Purgatorio
2582:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica
2572:Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna
1033:Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
510:
452:, "The Life of Elagabalus", 26.3
55:
47:
41:
25:
2692:National Museum of Oriental Art
2592:Giorgio de Chirico House Museum
2021:Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari
2006:Domus Internationalis Paulus VI
485:
225:. It was patterned after Greek
3025:Ancient Roman circuses in Rome
2712:Porta San Paolo Railway Museum
1507:Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas
468:
455:
443:
426:
410:
394:
378:
359:
324:
1:
2677:Museum of Roman Civilization
2607:Keats–Shelley Memorial House
2086:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
1630:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
7:
2769:Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus
2647:Museo di Roma in Trastevere
2617:Museo Archeologico Ostiense
2353:Hospital of the Holy Spirit
1925:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura
1532:Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker
1502:Catacombs of San Sebastiano
300:
10:
3051:
2910:Castello Orsini-Odescalchi
1996:Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi
1770:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini
1765:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina
1038:Temple of Apollo Palatinus
517:Stadium of Domitian (Rome)
207:
69:Shown within Augustan Rome
2976:
2948:
2888:
2866:
2811:
2730:
2702:Palazzo delle Esposizioni
2540:
2490:
2376:
2315:
2169:
2131:Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli
2031:Palazzo della Cancelleria
1983:
1963:
1613:
1572:
1477:
1454:
1429:Column of Marcus Aurelius
1416:
1334:
1269:
1209:Basilica of Junius Bassus
1187:
1125:
1053:Temple of Hercules Victor
1043:Temple of Apollo Sosianus
1018:
982:
957:
890:
870:Arch of Septimius Severus
837:
826:
792:
590:
284:
158:
148:
143:
133:
96:
90:Regio IX Circus Flaminius
84:
77:
36:
24:
2900:Appian Way Regional Park
2707:Pigorini National Museum
2627:Museo Civico di Zoologia
2262:della Piazza dei Quiriti
1974:List of churches in Rome
1915:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
1740:S. Croce in Via Flaminia
1715:S. Cecilia in Trastevere
1700:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio
1680:S. Apollinare alle Terme
1660:S. Anastasia al Palatino
1645:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura
1424:Column of Antoninus Pius
1101:Largo di Torre Argentina
1073:Temple of Minerva Medica
1068:Temple of Jupiter Tonans
482:p.94. via: Lacus Curtius
373:, 1943, Roma, pp. 71-72.
318:
2788:Portonaccio sarcophagus
2775:Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
2752:Colossus of Constantine
2747:Augustus of Prima Porta
2722:Venanzo Crocetti Museum
2682:Museum of the Ara Pacis
2657:Museo Nazionale Etrusco
2577:Galleria Doria Pamphilj
2467:Via della Conciliazione
2427:Piazza della Repubblica
2056:Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini
2011:Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga
1850:S. Maria della Vittoria
1745:S. Croce in Gerusalemme
1695:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola
1650:S. Agnese fuori le mura
1117:Porta Maggiore Basilica
818:Obelisk of Montecitorio
436:, (epitome), 78, 25.2:
256:
213:Construction and design
2958:Festa della Repubblica
2798:Sistine Chapel ceiling
2662:Museo Nazionale Romano
2532:Parco degli Acquedotti
2512:Villa Borghese gardens
2472:Via dei Fori Imperiali
2046:Palazzo della Consulta
1930:S. Silvestro in Capite
1835:S. Maria in Trastevere
1830:S. Maria sopra Minerva
1805:S. Maria in Montesanto
1665:S. Andrea delle Fratte
1537:Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus
1522:Mausoleum of Maxentius
1492:Catacombs of Domitilla
1400:Villa of the Quintilii
238:pilasters between its
177:
2950:Events and traditions
2757:La Bocca della VeritĂ
2602:Jewish Museum of Rome
2096:Palazzo del Quirinale
1940:S. Sofia a Via Boccea
1800:S. Maria degli Angeli
1790:S. Maria Ausiliatrice
1670:S. Andrea della Valle
1512:Mausoleum of Augustus
1446:Five-Columns Monument
1394:Insula dell'Ara Coeli
1246:Portico Dii Consentes
1214:Basilica of Maxentius
519:at Wikimedia Commons
355:10.1002/9781118609965
204:was martyred there.
180:), also known as the
118:41.89889°N 12.47306°E
2803:Velletri Sarcophagus
2763:Laocoön and His Sons
2517:Villa Doria Pamphili
2422:Piazza della Minerva
2247:di Piazza d'Aracoeli
2136:Palazzo del Viminale
2081:Palazzo di Giustizia
1910:Sacro Cuore di Maria
1895:Ss. Quattro Coronati
1880:S. Pietro in Vincoli
1865:S. Nicola in Carcere
1860:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo
1845:S. Maria in Via Lata
1820:S. Maria in Aracoeli
1810:S. Maria in Cosmedin
1785:S. Lorenzo in Lucina
1780:S. Lorenzo in Damaso
1775:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
1720:Ss. Celso e Giuliano
1705:S. Camillo de Lellis
1321:Theatre of Marcellus
1093:House of the Vestals
545:Theatre of Marcellus
538:Stadium of Domitian
307:Theatre of Marcellus
295:Sant'Agnese in Agone
2323:Altare della Patria
1984:Castles and palaces
1855:S. Martino ai Monti
1825:S. Maria del Popolo
1815:S. Maria in Domnica
1760:S. Francesca Romana
1730:Ss. Cosma e Damiano
1552:Tombs of Via Latina
1547:Tomb of the Scipios
1542:Tomb of the Haterii
1517:Mausoleum of Helena
1316:Stadium of Domitian
1306:Gardens of Maecenas
1282:Circus of Maxentius
1219:Basilica of Neptune
1196:Basilica Argentaria
1000:Baths of Diocletian
973:Cloaca Circi Maximi
845:Arch of Constantine
813:Obelisk of Minerveo
491:Mariano Armellini,
178:Stadio di Domiziano
170:Stadium of Domitian
114: /
63:Stadium of Domitian
21:
20:Stadium of Domitian
3035:Rome R. VI Parione
2968:Rome Film Festival
2930:Villa Aldobrandini
2557:Capitoline Museums
2402:Clivus Capitolinus
2061:Palazzo Giustinani
2001:Castel Sant'Angelo
1945:S. Stefano Rotondo
1527:Pyramid of Cestius
1376:Palace of Domitian
1311:Gardens of Sallust
1158:Forum of Vespasian
1078:Temple of Portunus
995:Baths of Caracalla
529:Gardens of Sallust
123:41.89889; 12.47306
19:
2992:
2991:
2963:Rome Quadriennale
2890:Metropolitan City
2884:
2883:
2567:Galleria Borghese
2442:Piazza San Pietro
2417:Piazza del Popolo
2412:Piazza d'Aracoeli
2385:and public spaces
2267:di Piazza Nicosia
2257:di Piazza Farnese
2252:di Piazza Colonna
2126:Palazzo Valentini
2016:Palazzo Barberini
1710:S. Carlo al Corso
1609:
1608:
1600:Ponte Sant'Angelo
1557:Tomb of Priscilla
1497:Catacombs of Rome
1371:House of Augustus
1360:Domus Transitoria
1326:Theatre of Pompey
1253:Porticus Octaviae
1143:Forum of Augustus
1048:Temple of Hadrian
860:Arch of Gallienus
850:Arch of Dolabella
808:Flaminian Obelisk
584:Landmarks of Rome
551:
550:
541:Succeeded by
535:Landmarks of Rome
515:Media related to
371:Stadium Domitiani
251:Theater of Pompey
247:Odeon of Domitian
166:
165:
3042:
2816:
2815:
2741:Apollo Belvedere
2637:Museo delle Mura
2457:Via dei Coronari
2447:Piazza di Spagna
2141:Palazzo Wedekind
2101:Palazzo Pamphilj
2026:Palazzo Borghese
1935:S. Sisto Vecchio
1463:Porticus Aemilia
1435:Column of Phocas
1417:Column monuments
1178:Forum Holitorium
1083:Temple of Saturn
990:Baths of Agrippa
906:Aqua Alexandrina
838:Triumphal arches
835:
834:
707:Castra Praetoria
577:
570:
563:
554:
553:
525:Preceded by
522:
521:
514:
500:
489:
483:
472:
466:
461:Richardson, L.,
459:
453:
450:Historia Augusta
447:
441:
430:
424:
414:
408:
398:
392:
390:convenience link
382:
376:
363:
357:
328:
264:Historia Augusta
223:Capitoline Games
129:
128:
126:
125:
124:
119:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
59:
58:
51:
45:
29:
22:
18:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3039:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2972:
2944:
2920:Hadrian's Villa
2892:of Rome Capital
2891:
2880:
2876:Monte Testaccio
2862:
2807:
2726:
2697:Palazzo Colonna
2543:
2536:
2494:
2486:
2397:Campo de' Fiori
2384:
2372:
2316:Other landmarks
2311:
2287:Quattro Fontane
2165:
2151:Villa Farnesina
2146:Palazzo Zuccari
2116:Palazzo Ruspoli
2051:Palazzo Farnese
2041:Palazzo Colonna
1979:
1959:
1840:S. Maria in Via
1616:
1605:
1568:
1563:Vigna Randanini
1473:
1469:Trajan's Market
1450:
1441:Trajan's Column
1412:
1346:Domus Augustana
1330:
1265:
1183:
1148:Forum of Caesar
1121:
1088:Temple of Vesta
1058:Temple of Janus
1014:
1010:Baths of Trajan
978:
953:
920:Aqua Anio Novus
913:Aqua Anio Vetus
886:
829:
822:
803:Lateran Obelisk
788:
591:Walls and gates
586:
581:
542:
537:
526:
508:
503:
490:
486:
473:
469:
460:
456:
448:
444:
431:
427:
415:
411:
399:
395:
383:
379:
364:
360:
329:
325:
321:
303:
287:
259:
215:
210:
182:Circus Agonalis
122:
120:
116:
113:
108:
105:
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100:
80:
73:
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71:
70:
67:
66:
65:
64:
60:
52:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3048:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2766:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
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2984:Vatican City
2935:Villa d'Este
2925:Ostia Antica
2905:Capo di Bove
2871:Tiber Island
2780:
2773:
2761:
2739:
2522:Villa Medici
2363:Sisto Bridge
2333:Campo Verano
2237:del Pantheon
2182:Acqua Felice
2161:Villa Madama
2156:Villa Giulia
2106:Palazzo Poli
1972:
1870:S. Pancrazio
1755:S. Eustachio
1735:S. Crisogono
1685:Ss. Apostoli
1598:
1594:Ponte Milvio
1586:
1581:Pons Cestius
1579:
1561:
1484:
1461:
1406:
1392:
1380:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1335:Palaces and
1315:
1298:Ludus Magnus
1296:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1201:
1194:
1176:
1169:
1099:
1025:
983:Public baths
971:
964:
946:
939:
932:
927:Aqua Claudia
925:
918:
911:
904:
897:
879:
732:Caelimontana
727:Servian Wall
717:Terreus Wall
690:Cavalleggeri
685:Leonine Wall
663:San Giovanni
543:
534:
527:
509:
492:
487:
475:
470:
462:
457:
449:
445:
433:
428:
417:
412:
401:
396:
385:
380:
370:
366:
361:
331:
326:
288:
262:
260:
244:
239:
231:
226:
216:
181:
169:
167:
88:
2820:Seven Hills
2542:Museums and
2348:Conti Tower
2202:Il Facchino
2187:Acqua Paola
1885:S. Prassede
1725:S. Clemente
1655:S. Agostino
1407:sette bassi
1353:Domus Aurea
1239:Curia Julia
1133:Roman Forum
948:Aqua Tepula
941:Aqua Marcia
881:Arcus Novus
722:Romuli Wall
121: /
97:Coordinates
2999:Categories
2838:Capitoline
2482:Via Veneto
2392:Appian Way
2292:Tartarughe
1750:S. Eugenio
1690:S. Balbina
1260:Tabularium
934:Aqua Julia
899:Aqua Appia
757:Fontinalis
673:Settimiana
275:Diocletian
236:travertine
198:Domitianus
109:12°28′23″E
106:41°53′56″N
2843:Esquiline
2812:Landscape
2507:Villa Ada
2477:Via Sacra
2222:Navicella
2197:Barcaccia
2170:Fountains
1955:S. Vitale
1950:S. Teresa
1905:S. Sabina
1617:basilicas
1292:Colosseum
1027:Ara Pacis
1019:Religious
891:Aqueducts
830:landmarks
782:Trigemina
762:Gallienus
752:Esquilina
747:Dolabella
678:Tiburtina
658:San Paolo
628:Nomentana
603:Ardeatina
416:Platner,
232:in agones
3030:Domitian
2915:Frascati
2853:Quirinal
2848:Palatine
2828:Aventine
2502:Bioparco
2495:and zoos
2207:Marforio
1875:Pantheon
1795:S. Marco
1455:Commerce
1232:Comitium
1112:Pantheon
1107:Lupercal
795:obelisks
793:Ancient
767:Viminale
638:Pinciana
623:Metronia
618:Maggiore
608:Asinaria
301:See also
271:St Agnes
153:Domitian
85:Location
2977:Enclave
2858:Viminal
2833:Caelian
2382:streets
2378:Squares
2307:Tritone
2302:Tritons
2232:Nettuno
2227:Neptune
2192:Babuino
1900:S. Saba
1573:Bridges
742:Collina
695:Pertusa
648:Portese
342:Online
208:History
174:Italian
159:Founded
149:Builder
144:History
138:Stadium
2242:Pianto
2217:Nasone
1337:villae
958:Sewers
772:Naevia
737:Capena
643:Popolo
613:Latina
346:
338:
285:Legacy
227:stadia
2782:PietĂ
2612:MAXXI
1478:Tombs
1188:Civic
319:Notes
240:cavea
194:Italy
162:AD 80
2212:Moro
1126:Fora
497:link
438:link
422:link
418:Ibid
406:link
344:ISBN
336:ISBN
289:The
257:Uses
190:Rome
168:The
134:Type
2732:Art
2177:Api
1991:Arx
633:Pia
478:, "
351:doi
188:in
3005:86
3001::
2380:,
192:,
176::
2329:)
2325:(
1437:"
1433:"
576:e
569:t
562:v
499:)
353::
266:'
172:(
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