St Andrews - Knowledge

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put before parents, staff and the local community to ask for their views. A £40-million redevelopment of the Kilrymont building proved to be most popular and was officially given the go-ahead in November 2011. This decision was met with controversy from parents, staff and the local community. Following a decision from a group of senior councillors to analyse the other potential sites than push ahead with the controversial redevelopment, The new Building was finished in 2021. In August 2020, it was reported that the college will sell its Kilrymont site and built a replacement school at Langlands.

1126: 1872: 2053: 1138: 1938: 79: 2238: 1902: 2133: 1848: 6394: 1961: 833: 5178: 2424: 6039: 2019: 1910: 918:, forms the lowest tier of governance whose statutory role is to communicate local opinion to local and central government. The current chair is Mrs Penelope Fraser. The chair uses the honorary title of Provost of St Andrews on official and ceremonial occasions, this ancient title having been revived to mark the 400th Anniversary of the granting of Royal Burgh status to St Andrews in 1620 by King James VI & I. 2041:

privileged children on one site. The high reputation of the school meant that many children came from throughout Britain to be taught there, often lodging with masters or residents in the town. The school was located on two campuses – Kilrymont, (which opened in 1967) and South Street (incorporating the original 1833 building). Pupils in S1-S3 are served by Kilrymont and S4-S6 by South Street.

86: 2978: 1890:. It then moved to a new site on the north side of South Street between 1410 and 1412 by bishop Warlock. Much of the architecture feature of the church was lost in the re-building by Robert Balfour between 1798 and 1800. The church was later restored to a (more elaborately decorated) approximation of its medieval appearance between 1907 and 1909 by MacGregor Chambers. 1921:. This was at one time Scotland's largest building, originated in the priory of Canons Regular founded by Bishop Robert Kennedy. St Rule's Church, to the south-east of the medieval cathedral is said to date from around 1120 and 1150, being the predecessor of the cathedral. The tall square tower, part of the church, was built to hold the relics of 758:. According to a charter of 1170, the new burgh was built to the west of the Cathedral precinct, along Castle Street and possibly as far as what is now known as North Street. This means that the lay-out may have led to the creation of two new streets (North Street and South Street) from the foundations of the new 3408: 3353: 2318:

is a municipal museum focusing on the history of the town of St Andrews in St Andrews established in 1991 it is located in Kinburn Park. It holds a collection of objects of historical value that are related to the town from the earliest times up to the twentieth century. It is located in the historic

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lie on the same latitude. Daytime temperatures can fall below freezing and average around 4 °C (39 °F). However, the town is subject to strong winds. Night-time frosts are common; however, snowfall is more rare. The nearest official Met Office weather station for which data are available is

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St Andrews is known widely as the "home of golf". According to the earliest surviving document from 1552, the "playing at golf" on the links adjacent to the "water of eden" was granted permission by Archbishop Hamilton. The most famous golf course in the town is the Old Course, purchased by the town

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for a joint new build at Lang Lands on land owned by the university. The plans, which were scrapped in August 2011, would have seen the school share the university's playing fields. In October 2011, a scoring exercise drawn up by the council to decide the best location for the new Madras College was

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According to the 2001 census, St Andrews had a total population of 14,209. The population increased to around 16,680 in 2008 and 16,800 in 2012 The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 16 to 29 forms the largest portion of the population

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The place of birth of the town's residents was 87.78% United Kingdom (including 61.80% from Scotland), 0.63% Republic of Ireland, 4.18% from other European Union countries, and 7.42% from elsewhere in the world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 23.94% in full-time employment, 8.52%

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in 1620. In the 18th century, the town was still in decline, but despite this the town was becoming known for having links 'well known to golfers'. By the 19th century, the town began to expand beyond the original medieval boundaries with streets of new houses and town villas being built. Today, St

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filling the area inside a two-sided triangle at its apex. The northern boundary of the burgh was the southern side of the Scores (the street between North Street and the sea) with the southern by the Kinness Burn and the western by the West Port. The burgh of St Andrews was first represented at the

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where it arrived at an elevated level simply by following the contours of the land. It may have been built before 1144. In the late 19th century, the lade was covered over and the area from Cockshaugh Park to Law Mill was landscaped and planted with trees. The remains of Law Mill, its grain drying

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granting university status to award degrees to students in 1413. The school initially started out as a society for learned men in the fields of canon law, the arts and divinity. The chapel and college of St John the Evangelist became the first building to have ties with the university in 1415. The

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The absolute maximum temperature is 31.3 °C (88.3 °F), recorded in July 2022. In a typical year, the warmest day should reach 26.1 °C (79.0 °F) and a total of 2 days should record a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above. The warmest calendar month (since 1960) was

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in a renaissance style which made the building a comfortable, palatial residence while still remaining well-fortified. After the Reformation, the castle passed to several owners, who could not maintain its structure and the building deteriorated into a ruin. The castle is now a scheduled monument

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The absolute minimum temperature (since 1960) stands at −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) recorded during February 1972, although in an 'average' year, the coldest night should only fall to −8.3 °C (17.1 °F). Typically, just short of 60 nights a year will experience an air frost. The coldest

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St Andrews, in particular the large cathedral built in 1160, was the most important centre of pilgrimage in medieval Scotland and one of the most important in Europe. Pilgrims from all over Scotland came in large numbers hoping to be blessed, and in many cases to be cured, at the shrine of Saint

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is a small museum dedicated to the history of the University of St Andrews. The museum, which is free to enter, looks at the university's foundation, student life at the university, and innovative ideas and inventions associated with staff, students, and alumni. The museum also shows a range of

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in the Canongate suburb to the south of the town. It contains more than 8000 species of native and exotic plants. These are laid out in zones of woodland, meadow, shrubbery, herbaceous bedding, a large rockery and a series of ponds. There are also vegetable and herb gardens, and several large

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is the sole secondary school in the town. The school which opened to pupils in 1833 was based on a Madras system – founded and endowed by Andrew Bell (1755–1832), a native of the town. Prior to the opening, Bell was interested in the demand for a school which was able to teach both poor and

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Andrew. The presence of the pilgrims brought about increased trade and development. Recognised as the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland, the town now had vast economic and political influence within Europe as a cosmopolitan town. The Scottish Parliament met in the town in 1304, when King

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was initially established as the St Andrews School for girls company in 1877. The present name was taken in 1882 when a move to St Leonards House was made. The school is now spread across thirty acres between Pends Road and Kinnesburn. A private school for boys was also set up in 1933 as

2034:. The school roll was recorded in February 2008 as 215. Lawhead Primary School, which opened in 1974 is on the western edge of the town. The school roll was recorded in September 2009 as 181. Greyfriars Primary School is a Roman Catholic school located in the southern part of the town. 2249:

was founded in 1933 by Charles Marford, an actor (found in the Who's Who of 1921) and Alexander B. Paterson, a local journalist and playwright, with help from a theatre group made up from members of Hope Park Church, St Andrews. The third and current building was opened in 2001 by Sir

2176:, "if a golfer is going to be remembered, he must win at St Andrews". There are seven golf courses in total – Old, New, Jubilee, Eden, Strathtyrum, Balgove and the Castle – surrounding the western approaches of the town. The seventh golf course (the Castle) was added in 2007 at 2373:

The St Andrews Aquarium is located on the cliff foot of the Scores overlooking West Sands. The family-owned establishment features a variety of tropical and native fish species, alongside penguins, marmosets, meerkats, and seals, which have multiple daily feeding sessions.

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and became known as the first cathedral in the town. After the death of Bishop Robert Kennedy, a new cathedral was begun in 1160 by Bishop Arnold (his successor) on a site adjacent to St Rule's Church. Work on the cathedral was finally completed and consecrated in 1318 by

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during the mesolithic (middle Stone Age) came from the plains in Northern Europe between 10,000 and 5,000 BCE. This was followed by the nomadic people who settled around the modern town around 4,500 BCE as farmers clearing the area of woodland and building monuments.

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are situated on a cliff-top to the north of the town. The castle was first erected around 1200 as the residence, prison and fortress of the bishops of the diocese. Several reconstructions occurred in subsequent centuries, most notably due to damage incurred in the

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with buses up to every ten minutes. Moffat & Williamson operates Route 92 (and 92A, 92B, 92C) on a lesser frequency from Balmullo via Leuchars station to St Andrews before looping the town. There are also some local bus service that links the town centre to

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in part-time employment, 4.73% self-employed, 1.94% unemployed, 31.14% students with jobs, 9.08% students without jobs, 13.24% retired, 2.91% looking after home or family, 2.84% permanently sick or disabled, and 1.67% economically inactive for other reasons.

3386: 3331: 2254:. Its main auditorium is named after A.B. Paterson. There is also a second 60-seat performance space named after the late golf photographer, Lawrence Levy. The theatre is said to be haunted by the benevolent ghost of Charles Marford, one of its founders. 4179: 2223:

The 2-mile-long (3 km) beach is adjacent to the famous St Andrews Links golf course. Sand dunes on the beach, which have long protected the golf course, are themselves in danger of eroding away, and are the subject of a restoration project.

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Rainfall, at little more than 650 mm per year makes St Andrews one of the driest parts of Scotland, shielded from Atlantic weather systems by several mountain ranges. Over 1 mm of rain is recorded on just under 117 days of the year.

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temporary exhibitions on different themes. Highlights of the displays include the university's three medieval maces, which are rare examples of ornate ceremonial University maces from the 15th century, and a large astrolabe dating from 1575.

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through St Andrews. The walk starts in the town centre near Madras College and runs roughly westward, through Cockshaugh Park to Law Mill. The lade's function was to transport water from a higher upstream point on the Kinness Burn to the

1868:. The central archway which displays semi-octagonal "rownds" and "battling" is supported by corbelling and neatly moulded passageways. Side arches and relief panels were added to the port, during the reconstruction between 1843 and 1845. 6358: 1194:

Sunshine, averaging in excess of 1,500 hours a year is amongst the highest for Scotland, and comparable to inland parts of Southern England. St Andrews is about the furthest north annual levels of above 1500 hours are encountered.

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word for a town gate). Two are still extant: So'gait port (South Street, now called West Port) and the Sea Yett (as The Pends terminates to the harbour). The West Port is one of few surviving town "Ports" in Scotland and is a

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St Andrews is often considered as an expensive destination. In 2016, St Andrews was reported to be home to the "Most Expensive Street in Scotland", with average house prices in The Scores in excess of 2 million pounds.

4183: 5252: 616:(or Rule) brought the relics to Kilrymont, where a shrine was established for their safekeeping and veneration while Kilrymont was renamed in honour of the saint. This is the origin of a third name for the town 2191:), tennis club, university sports centre, and a links golf driving range. The East Sands Leisure Centre, which opened in 1988, sits on the outskirts of the town as the town's swimming pool with gym facilities. 6351: 2002:, can still be seen on South Street (between Madras College and Bell Street). Other defunct religious houses that existed in the medieval town, though less visible, have left traces, as for instance the 6344: 639: 5032: 908: 1187:

calendar month (since 1960) was December 2010, with a mean temperature of −0.8 °C (30.6 °F) (mean maximum 1.9 °C (35.4 °F), mean minimum −3.5 °C (25.7 °F) )

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Today, St Andrews is home to one secondary school, one private school and three primary schools. Canongate Primary School, which opened in 1972 is located off the Canongate, beside the

732:(Constantine I) built a new church for the Culdees at St Andrews and later the same year was captured and executed (or perhaps killed in battle) after defending against Viking raiders. 5759: 5273: 2579: 6410: 5950: 997:(MSP) by the first past the post system of election, and the region elects seven additional members to produce a form of proportional representation. The seat was won at the 3682: 3434: 704:, Who in Support of the Protestant Faith Suffered Death By Fire at St Andrews, Between The Years MDXXVIII AND MDLVIII. The Righteous shall be in Everlasting Remembrance. 4356: 1113:

St Andrews, whose economy stands at £660 million, relies heavily on tourism and education. In 2016, one out of every five jobs in St Andrews is related to tourism.

504:, founded in 1754, which until 2004 exercised legislative authority over the game worldwide (except in the United States and Mexico). It is also because the famous 5774: 326: 1101:(37%). The median age of males and females living in St Andrews was 29 and 34 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland. 728:, a number of bones supposed to be the saint's arm, kneecap, three fingers and a tooth believed to have been brought to the town by St Regulus. In AD 877, king 1730:

may take Route 747 to Halbeath Park & Ride then take X59/X24 to St Andrews. Otherwise, they have to travel to central Edinburgh for train or bus services.

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July 2006, with a mean temperature of 16.8 °C (62.2 °F) (mean maximum of 21.6 °C (70.9 °F), mean minimum of 11.9 °C (53.4 °F))

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Plans to build a replacement for Madras College on a single site have been ongoing since 2006. Originally, the school was in negotiations with the

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Scotia Depicta, or the antiquities, castles, public buildings, noblemen and gentlemen's seats, cities, towns and picturesque scenery of Scotland

4699: 5936: 3594: 3510: 524:. Visitors travel to St Andrews in great numbers for several courses ranked amongst the finest in the world, as well as for the sandy beaches. 3531: 1934:(1306–29) present at the ceremony. The cathedral and associated buildings, including St Rule's Church, are protected as a scheduled monument. 6487: 5592: 2141: 501: 5193: 4755: 6219: 2102: 958: 316: 367: 3573: 2365:. There is an entrance fee for most visitors with some exceptions (e.g. juniors, students or faculties of the University of St Andrews). 5198: 6318: 2746: 1683:

project aims at realising a new high-speed twin-cord mainline rail link via Cupar to the south and west and via Leuchars to the north.

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Alexander, Michael (8 June 2012). "Madras College families facing yet more uncertainty after Kilrymont plan put on ice". The Courier.

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bus station located near the town centre. Stagecoach's Route 99 (and its alternate routes 99A, 99B, 99C, 99D) connects St Andrews to

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In AD 906, the town became the seat of the bishop of Alba, with the boundaries of the see being extended to include land between the

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and the oldest in Scotland. It was ranked as the best university in the UK by the 2022 Good University Guide, which is published by

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epoch, stands at the west end of the Scores on a cliff overlooking the sea. The civil parish has a population of 18,421 (in 2011).

6325: 6272: 4450:"Future Venues for The Open | British Golf The Open Championship Packages | British Isles Golf Cruise Vacation Tours | PerryGolf" 2073:. The operations of the school merged with the middle and junior sections of St Leonards to become St Leonards-New Park in 2005. 827: 254: 6336: 5998: 5706: 3671: 3438: 2332: 966: 2152:

course – which was first staged in 1873 and will host the 2022 Open Championship. Famous winners at St Andrews have included:

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Clifford, Ben P., and Charles R. Warren. "Development and the environment: Perception and opinion in St Andrews, Scotland".

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St Andrews is represented by several tiers of elected government. Prior to 1975 the town was governed by a burgh council, a

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losing the status of ecclesiastical capital of Scotland. Even the University of St Andrews was considering relocating to

779:. As many as 130 landowners turned up to witness the event ranging from Sir John of Cambo to Sir William Murray of Fort. 661: 280: 5993: 5331: 4615: 863:. North East Fife District was abolished in 1996 when Fife Council became the unitary authority. Fife Council, based in 5602: 4673: 2820:

Census of Scotland 2011, Table KS101SC – Usually Resident Population, publ. by National Records of Scotland. Web site

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The Royal Burgh of St Andrews Community Council, meeting on the first Monday of the month in the Council Chamber of

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Notes on the Water Mills of St Andrews (1989) in 'Three Decades of Historical Notes' (ed. M Innes & J Whelan)

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The St Andrews Citizen is the town's local newspaper including student newspapers which are published from the

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St Andrews, North Street, Fishergate, Women and Children Baiting the Line. Robert Adamson, David Octavius Hill,

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to the south. The burgh soon became the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland, a position which was held until the

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of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system. The constituency is represented by

814:, which dramatised important events in the town's history, was staged in the Cathedral grounds as part of the 6322: 5779: 4148: 4117: 3878: 2536: 2510: 1981: 1954: 1704: 904: 190: 118: 78: 684: 439:. St Andrews had a recorded population of 16,800 as of 2011, making it Fife's fourth-largest settlement and 5917: 5474: 5422: 5284: 4729: 2583: 2199: 946:, there was one MP sitting for St Andrews Burgh (which would include Anstruther Easter, Anstruther Wester, 880: 62: 3460: 6214: 6023: 5769: 4302:

Johnston, Kristen (9 January 2012). "Council's Madras plan 'fails pupils'". The Courier. p. 1&7.

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for the purposes of electing one MP to the United Kingdom Parliament. Following implementation of the

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The majority of the castle seen today dates to between 1549 and 1571. The work was commissioned by

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viewed from inside the Lower College Lawn, featuring the nave and the steeple, on 10 October 2022.

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Academic Patronage in the Scottish Enlightenment: Glasgow, Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities

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West Sands Beach in St Andrews, Scotland, served as the set for the opening scene in the movie

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two original colleges to be associated with the university were St Salvator in 1450 by Bishop

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Nowadays, the only public transport to reach trains at Leuchars or to connect other towns in

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As of St. Andrew's Day 2015, the town is formally twinned with the French medieval town of

2157: 1918: 1834: 1741: 1680: 915: 836: 795: 783: 759: 486: 4313:"New Madras College options to be considered by committee". Fife Council. 28 October 2011. 2052: 8: 6467: 6173: 5664: 5520: 5497: 2824:

retrieved March 2016. See "Standard Outputs", Table KS101SC, Area type: Civil Parish 1930

2413: 2262: 1737: 1125: 982: 884: 815: 772: 5928: 5305:'The Face of Ane Perfyt Reformed Kyrk': St Andrews and the Early Scottish Reformation". 3131:"Edward I's Parliaments in Scotland: Translation, 1304, 9 March, St Andrews, Parliament" 2957: 5805: 5253:"The Influence of Sport on Destination Development: the Example of Golf at St. Andrews" 5148:"The magic of St Andrews and the Old Course will always endure, believes Jack Nicklaus" 4834: 4157: 4126: 2088:, was founded between 1410 and 1413. A charter for the university was issued by Bishop 2065: 1897:

Recent view of the east tower, St. Rule's Tower and graveyard beneath, 10 October 2022.

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List of Attractions around St Andrews in order to walk round with Maps and Information

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Golf vacations and golf cruises to world's most memorable destinations with PerryGolf

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Other leisure facilities in the town include a canoe club, a senior football club (

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Swanson, Robert. "The University of St. Andrews and the Great Schism, 1410–1419".

5096:"Prince of Wales St.Andrews Receiving Freedom of the City - Fife Postcard (P2752)" 1137: 6277: 6209: 6123: 6113: 6063: 5810: 4845: 2835: 2362: 2161: 2070: 1992: 1937: 935: 848: 791: 751: 593: 474: 273: 2386:, with which it had previously shared a cultural exchange for over two decades. 1864:. The towers were influenced by those seen at the base of the Netherbow Port in 6416: 6230: 5800: 5659: 5649: 5577: 5536: 5312:

Duncan, Archibald A. M. "The Foundation of St Andrews Cathedral Priory, 1140".

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Andrews is served by education, golf and the tourist and conference industry.

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derives from the town's claim to be the resting place of bones of the apostle

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Planning and growth in the medieval Scottish burgh: the example of St Andrews

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The town also contains numerous museums, a botanic garden and an aquarium.

497: 482: 6393: 5244: 5095: 3732: 3294:"Holyrood 2016: Liberal Democrat leader Willie Rennie takes seat from SNP" 2837:

Pictish Progress: New Studies on Northern Britain in the Early Middle Ages

2580:"Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland" 2306:. A Brae is an old Scots word for the high ground adjoining a river bank. 2266:

Remains of Law Mill at the head of the Lade Braes Walk in St Andrews, Fife

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Climate data for Leuchars, elevation 10 m, 1971–2000, extremes 1960–

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In the mid-eighth century a monastery was established by the Pictish king

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In the early days of the United Kingdom, following implementation of the

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abdicated and took the position of abbot of the monastery of St Andrews.

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St Rule's Church, St Andrews, and early stone-built churches in Scotland

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St Andrews Bus Station provides frequent bus services to most towns in

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The first inhabitants who settled on the estuary fringes of the rivers

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Archbishops of St Andrews, Bishops of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane

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council in 1894. The course which dates back to medieval times, is an

2010:(The Steading) between Albany Park and the East Sands leisure centre. 1718:

via Leuchars, and less frequent services to further destinations like

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Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

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Hall, Mark A; Driscoll, Stephen T; Geddess, Jane (11 November 2010).

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Riches and Reform: Ecclesiastical Wealth in St Andrews, c. 1520–1580

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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

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Mousa, Old Scatness and Jarlshof: The Zenith of Iron Age Shetland

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St Andrews EuroWalk - online self-guided walking tour of the town

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

2284:

miles (2.5 kilometres) that follows the route of a medieval mill

2018: 1909: 1811: 1807: 852: 597: 4674:"Chariots of Fire beach scene re-enacted on Olympic Torch relay" 4324: 4322: 4320: 4094: 4043: 3928: 3877: 3733:"Full Freeview on the Angus (Dundee City, Scotland) transmitter" 1156:. Winters are not as cold as one might expect, considering that 6068: 6058: 5456: 4923:"Dictionary of the Scots Language :: SND :: Brae n.1" 4064: 4062: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3844: 2678:"Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba (AÀA) – Gaelic Place-names of Scotland" 2383: 1995: 1715: 1695: 1157: 432: 146: 5451: 3776: 3383:"Comparative Employment Profile: St Andrews Locality Scotland" 2605: 1913:

View of the cathedral grounds from the top of St Rule's Tower.

512:(acquired by the town in 1894) is the most frequent venue for 5489: 4317: 3823: 3435:"Mid-2008 Population Estimates – Localities in order of size" 947: 6450:

Names in brackets have not been placed on the Tentative List

5479: 5423:

Notice of the Early Ecclesiastical Settlements at St Andrews

4820: 4059: 3999: 3437:. General Register Office for Scotland. 2008. Archived from 3354:"Comparative Population Profile: Fife Council Area Scotland" 1179:

miles (5.2 kilometres) northwest of St Andrews town centre.

481:, with the southern side of the Scores to the north and the 6368:

World Heritage Site 'Tentative List' applicants in Scotland

2285: 1988: 1760: 1711: 1687: 750:

The establishment of the present town began around 1140 by

517: 428: 198: 180: 99: 4873: 4557: 4555: 2412:

The following people and military units have received the

989:

constituency. The North East Fife Scottish Parliament (or

5958: 5033:"St Andrews twinning pact signed in saint's celebrations" 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4295: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4198: 4147: 4116: 3986: 3960: 2606:"The Royal Burgh of St Andrews Community Council Website" 2270:

The Lade Braes Walk is a scenic public footpath of about

1812:

Greatest Hits Radio Edinburgh, Lothians, Fife and Falkirk

4648:"Chariots of Fire legacy keeps on running in St Andrews" 3409:"Comparative Employment Profile: Fife Locality Scotland" 3377: 3375: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 2962:. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier. pp. 1198:

All averages refer to the 1971–2000 observation period.

754:

on an L-shaped hill, possibly on the site of the ruined

571: 565: 559: 4552: 4329:"Madras College decision spark outrage in St Andrews". 4172: 4122:"St Andrews, South Street, Blackfriars' Chapel (34336)" 4026: 4024: 4022: 3328:"Comparative Populartion: St Andrews Locality Scotland" 3286: 5289:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.

4467: 4374: 4242: 4220: 3858: 3489:"Scotland's most expensive street now at home of golf" 5427:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

5208:

The diocese of St. Andrews under its 'Norman' bishops

4337: 3372: 3311: 3264: 2993: 2991: 1968:

The castle was occupied, besieged and stormed during

1779:

Local news and television programmes are provided by

794:

around 1697 and 1698. Under the authorisation of the

5223:

Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers

4842:"Lade Braes Walk – The Sinner's Guide to St Andrews" 4019: 3949: 3947: 3922: 3253: 3251: 3249: 1855:

St Andrews was once bounded by several "ports" (the

782:

In 1559, the town fell into decay after the violent

5084:. No. 36824. London. 19 July 1902. p. 14. 4431: 4429: 4399: 4397: 4395: 3427: 2833: 431:in Scotland, 10 miles (16 kilometres) southeast of 4692: 4666: 4306: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3222: 3220: 2988: 1787:. Television signals are received from either the 3944: 3672:"StaRLink St Andrews Rail Link High Level Report" 3246: 3145: 1917:To the east of the town centre, lie the ruins of 1152:, which is relatively mild despite its northerly 6459: 4426: 4392: 3461:"The St Andrews Economy, Tourism and Businesses" 3171: 3158: 3057: 3035: 2955: 2217:torch relay. The beach was also featured in the 67:St Andrews, seen from the top of St Rule's Tower 5379:Kirk, Russell. "St. Andrews: The Haunted Town" 5217:Brooks, Nicholas P., and Whittington, Graeme. " 4502: 3896: 3217: 3075: 3073: 3011: 3009: 3007: 2092:between 1411 and 1412 and this was followed by 798:, the town was made a burgh of barony in 1614. 527:The Martyrs Memorial, erected to the honour of 4971:Ian Carradice, MUSA Guide Book (2008), pp.1–13 4273: 3401: 3346: 1905:The ruins of the nave of St. Andrews Cathedral 724:, traditionally associated with the relics of 493:, the largest in Scotland, now lies in ruins. 427:, pronounced ) is a town on the east coast of 6352: 5944: 5505: 4415: 4413: 3994:Medieval Abbeys and Historic Churches in Fife 3968:Medieval Abbeys and Historic Churches in Fife 623:Its name may also be notable for the lack of 502:The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews 5360: 5337: 5202:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 4744: 4527: 3070: 3004: 855:. From 1975, St Andrews was administered by 5452:Royal Burgh of St Andrews Community Council 4860: 4813: 4604: 4585: 4583: 4354: 2956:Thomson, J. H.; Hutchison, Matthew (1903). 2887:(3 ed.). Cupar: Printed by G.S. Tullis 6359: 6345: 5951: 5937: 5512: 5498: 5400:(2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Rutland Press. 4621:"Youtube – Chariots of Fire opening scene" 4410: 4075: 3184: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 2377: 1771:traverse the town at different locations. 550:The earliest recorded name of the area is 496:St Andrews is also known globally as the " 435:and 30 miles (50 kilometres) northeast of 4948:"St Andrews Museum, St Andrews – Museums" 4726:"High Speed Dirt – West Sands St Andrews" 4510:"St. Andrews West Sands - Fife, Scotland" 4343: 3259:St Andrews – The City by the Northern Sea 3153:St Andrews – The City by the Northern Sea 3054:Gifford, Buildings of Scotland:Fife p.357 2934:The Martyrs and Confessors of St. Andrews 1972:and was severely damaged in the process. 441:45th most populous settlement in Scotland 5326:Herkless, John, and Robert Kerr Hannay. 5188: 5055:"Permanent tribute to Benjamin Franklin" 4803:"Beach Awards – Keep Scotland Beautiful" 4787:West Sands Beach in St Andrews, Scotland 4580: 4489: 4301: 4260: 3973: 3669: 2261: 2236: 2198: 2131: 2082:third oldest English-speaking university 2051: 2017: 1977:John Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews) 1959: 1936: 1908: 1900: 1892: 1870: 1846: 1136: 1124: 831: 683: 675: 660: 646: 638: 6326:Archbishops of St Andrews and Edinburgh 5030: 4640: 4255:St Andrews – A City by the Northern Sea 3133:. Records of the Parliament of Scotland 3099: 2930: 2905: 2814: 2112: 828:History of local government in Scotland 6460: 5707:Museum of the University of St Andrews 5250: 4902:"Buildings at Risk Register, Law Mill" 4153:"St Andrews, St Nicholas Farm (34312)" 2720:McCall, Alastair (18 September 2021). 2719: 2574: 2572: 2407: 2333:Museum of the University of St Andrews 2213:. This scene was reenacted during the 2203:West Sands, looking towards St Andrews 1679:. This service was ended in 1969. The 1120: 802:was then granted as a charter by King 584:meaning church) and was Scoticised to 6340: 5960:Bishops and archbishops of St Andrews 5932: 5493: 5395: 5386: 5145: 4437:St Andrews – City by The Northern Sea 4387:St Andrews – City by the Northern Sea 3955:St Andrews – City by The Northern Sea 3043:St Andrews – City by The Northern Sea 2999:St Andrews – City by The Northern Sea 2880: 2653:"Names in Scots – Places in Scotland" 2361:greenhouses, one of which contains a 2227: 2219:2012 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony 2101:and St Leonard in 1512 by archbishop 545: 477:. The settlement grew to the west of 450:, the third oldest university in the 6488:Populated coastal places in Scotland 5031:Ferrier, Maureen (4 December 2015). 3511:"1971-00 average annual warmest day" 3411:. scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from 3385:. scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from 3356:. scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from 3179:St Andrews –City by The Northern Sea 3030:St Andrews: City by the Northern Sea 2884:Saint Andrews as it was and as it is 2696:"History | University of St Andrews" 2418: 2326: 5363:St Andrews:city by the northern sea 5323:(Edinburgh University Press, 2008). 3688:from the original on 14 August 2020 3330:. scrol.co.uk. 2001. Archived from 2569: 2414:Freedom of the City and Royal Burgh 2194: 842: 596:name represents an adaptation of a 13: 6392: 5307:Studies in Church History Subsidia 4982:"St Andrews Botanic Garden | Home" 2827: 2822:http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ 2257: 1671:provided a connection to the main 85: 14: 6499: 5440: 5434:Journal of Ecclesiastical History 5365:. Edinburgh: Birlinn Publishing. 5237:Twentieth Century British History 4807:coastal.keepscotlandbeautiful.org 4281:"Madras College info, fifedirect" 4180:"list of primary schools in Fife" 3230:. Scotland Office. Archived from 2552:List of town defences in Scotland 2491: 2339: 1019:St Andrews compared according to 999:2016 Scottish Parliament Election 995:Member of the Scottish Parliament 957:St Andrews now forms part of the 631:from French in the 16th century. 6037: 5665:Fairmont St Andrews resort hotel 5383:(Jan 1953) 3#1 pp 22–30. online. 5176: 5139: 5113: 5088: 5073: 5047: 5024: 4999: 4974: 4965: 4940: 4915: 4795: 4780: 3883:"St Andrews,West Port (SM90263)" 2976: 2912:. St. Andrews: J. & G. Innes 2532:St Nicholas Hospital, St Andrews 2422: 2391: 2180:, designed by David McLay Kidd. 944:Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 921: 857:North East Fife District Council 588:. The modern Gaelic spelling is 84: 77: 61: 5603:St Andrews Ladies' Putting Club 5593:The Royal and Ancient Golf Club 5262:. Routledge. pp. 274–282. 5169: 4442: 4348: 4141: 4110: 4095:Historic Environment Scotland. 4088: 4044:Historic Environment Scotland. 4037: 3929:Historic Environment Scotland. 3871: 3837: 3816: 3790: 3769: 3747: 3725: 3700: 3670:Rangelov, Vladimir (May 2012). 3663: 3637: 3612: 3587: 3566: 3545: 3524: 3503: 3481: 3453: 3228:"Reserved and devolved matters" 3197: 3123: 3086: 3081:The Buildings of Scotland: Fife 3048: 3022: 2949: 2924: 2899: 2874: 2869:The Buildings of Scotland: Fife 2861: 2797:"The Complete University Guide" 2789: 2772:"University league tables 2023" 2523:– Pictish stones at St Andrews. 2467:Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin 2232: 2142:The Royal and Ancient Golf Club 985:, St Andrews forms part of the 5519: 5361:Lamont-Brown, Raymond (2006). 5338:Lamont-Brown, Raymond (2002). 5328:The Archbishops of St. Andrews 4355:Criag Smith (17 August 2020). 4182:. Fife Council. Archived from 3645:"Climate Normals and extremes" 3205:What do You do During the Day? 3032:(Edinburgh: Berlinn, 2006), 9. 2764: 2739: 2713: 2688: 2670: 2645: 2616: 2598: 2454: 2402:A panoramic view of St Andrews 2319:Kinburn house named after the 2241:Byre Theatre from Abbey Street 2172:(2000 and 2005). According to 2060:Classics Building, Swallowgate 500:". This is in part because of 1: 5296:Scottish Geographical Journal 5152:The Courier Evening Telegraph 5146:Scott, Steve (11 July 2022). 5080:"The Freedom of St Andrews". 4535:"St Andrews West Sands Beach" 4149:Historic Environment Scotland 4118:Historic Environment Scotland 4097:"St Andrews Castle (SM90259)" 3879:Historic Environment Scotland 2959:The martyr graves of Scotland 2937:. Cupar: "Fife Herald" Office 2801:The Complete University Guide 2557: 2537:St Andrews Community Hospital 2511:All Saints Church, St Andrews 2156:(1861, 1862, 1867 and 1874), 2086:oldest university in Scotland 1982:Historic Environment Scotland 1955:Wars of Scottish Independence 1705:St Andrews Community Hospital 1141:View from St Salvator's Tower 1012: 938:St Andrews Burgh merged with 821: 666: 652: 558:and composed of the elements 6266:Post-Reformation archbishops 5967:Known pre-Norman era bishops 5918:University of St Andrews RFC 5475:National Library of Scotland 3647:. Met Office. Archived from 3207:, Eldon Productions, p. 66, 3017:Buildings of Scotland – Fife 2747:"Good University Guide 2022" 2584:National Records of Scotland 2064:The private school known as 2013: 1828: 1662: 643:St Andrews Cathedral in 1845 28:Human settlement in Scotland 7: 6215:James Stewart, Duke of Ross 6198:Pre-Reformation archbishops 5780:St Mary's Collegiate Church 5770:St Andrews Cathedral Priory 5011:www.standrewsaquarium.co.uk 4881:"History of the Lade Braes" 4206:"Cannongate Primary School" 2931:Fleming, David Hay (1887). 2906:Fleming, David Hay (1910). 2504: 2368: 2295:St Andrews Cathedral Priory 1928:Bishop William de Lamberton 1825:, The Saint and The Stand. 1394:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1324:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 961:constituency, electing one 777:Bishop William de Lamberton 535:, and other martyrs of the 119:OS grid reference 21:St Andrews (disambiguation) 10: 6504: 5882:Siege of St Andrews Castle 5340:Fife in History and Legend 5314:Scottish Historical Review 5260:Sport tourism destinations 5212:Scottish Historical Review 4484:Fife in History and Legend 4405:Fife in History and Legend 4070:Fife, Perthshire and Angus 4032:Fife in History and Legend 4014:Fife, Perthshire and Angus 3866:Fife, Perthshire and Angus 3166:Fife in History and Legend 3096:, Birlinn Ltd, 2000, p.118 3065:Fife in History and Legend 2187:), a rugby club (known as 2121: 2094:Avignon Pope Benedict XIII 1832: 1673:Edinburgh to Aberdeen Line 1654: 1204: 1108: 1007:Scottish Liberal Democrats 981:. For the purposes of the 979:Scottish Liberal Democrats 825: 788:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 634: 18: 6448: 6424:Charles Rennie Mackintosh 6403: 6390: 6374: 6311: 6265: 6197: 6046: 6035: 5966: 5900: 5864: 5819: 5793: 5730: 5702:R&A World Golf Museum 5694: 5678: 5640: 5560: 5527: 5469:in the digitised copy of 4986:St Andrews Botanic Garden 4567:keepscotlandbeautiful.org 4563:"Scotland's Beach Awards" 2547:St Andrews Botanic Garden 2354:St Andrews Botanic Garden 2309: 2032:St Andrews Botanic Garden 1798:Local radio stations are 1607: 1533: 1463: 1393: 1323: 1253: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 930:, St Andrews elected one 812:The Masque of St. Andrews 688:In Memory of the Martyrs 343: 325: 307: 303: 291: 279: 267: 263: 253: 241: 231: 221: 207: 189: 171: 164:Royal Burgh of St Andrews 155: 151:351 mi (565 km) 144: 133: 117: 109: 72: 60: 33: 6047:Scoto-Norman era bishops 5251:Butler, Richard (2005). 4228:"Lawhead Primary School" 2881:James, Grierson (1838). 2871:(Yale UP, 1988), p. 357. 2562: 2542:University of St Andrews 2323:during the Crimean War. 2124:Old Course at St Andrews 2078:University of St Andrews 2058:University of St Andrews 2046:University of St Andrews 1823:University of St Andrews 1816:University of St Andrews 1774: 1677:Leuchars railway station 592:. It is likely that the 469:The town is named after 448:University of St Andrews 446:The town is home to the 327:Scottish Parliament 6094:Geoffrey de Liberatione 5765:Hospital of St Nicholas 5396:Pride, Glen L. (1999). 5214:55.160 (1976): 105–126. 5199:Encyclopædia Britannica 4791:Keep Scotland Beautiful 3553:"July 2006 temperature" 3491:. BBC. 23 December 2016 3203:Elder, Michael (2003), 2909:Handbook to St. Andrews 2473:Edward, Prince of Wales 2378:International relations 2117: 1714:and the nearby city of 1129:Sunset, St. Andrews by 612:. According to legend, 572: 566: 560: 416: 140:30 mi (48 km) 51: 6397: 6314:Afterwards, see also: 5913:St Andrews United F.C. 5760:Hospital of St Leonard 5686:St Andrews Sarcophagus 5387:Omand, Donald (2000). 5298:121.4 (2005): 355–384. 5239:23.1 (2012): 100–123. 3992:Fife Regional Council 3966:Fife Regional Council 3028:Raymond Lamont-Brown, 2267: 2242: 2204: 2144: 2061: 2027: 1965: 1945: 1914: 1906: 1898: 1882:The Category A listed 1879: 1852: 1142: 1134: 907:are dealt with by the 839: 705: 681: 673: 658: 644: 452:English-speaking world 424: 408: 243:Postcode district 42: 16:Town in Fife, Scotland 6437:, Medieval Burgh and 6396: 5908:Madras College FP RFC 5851:St Salvator's College 5436:26.3 (1975): 223–245. 5330:(W. Blackwood, 1907) 5059:news.st-andrews.ac.uk 5007:"St Andrews Aquarium" 3712:Moffat and Williamson 3274:. Scottish Parliament 2840:. Brill. p. 93. 2682:www.ainmean-aite.scot 2628:civitas Sancti Andrea 2527:The New Picture House 2479:Robert Tyre Jones Jr. 2265: 2240: 2202: 2135: 2055: 2022:Original building of 2021: 2008:St Nicholas farmhouse 1963: 1940: 1912: 1904: 1896: 1874: 1850: 1140: 1128: 879:body responsible for 861:Fife Regional Council 835: 826:Further information: 730:Causantín mac Cináeda 687: 679: 664: 650: 642: 514:The Open Championship 191:Lieutenancy area 6169:Walter de Danielston 6149:William de Landallis 6134:William de Lamberton 6109:Robert de Stuteville 6099:William de Malveisin 6074:Richard the Chaplain 5887:St Andrews Town Hall 5836:St Leonard's College 5821:University colleges, 5785:St Salvator's Chapel 5717:St Andrews Cathedral 5632:Tom Morris Golf Shop 5627:Forgan of St Andrews 5598:St Andrews Golf Club 5279:on 23 February 2022. 3798:"St Andrews Citizen" 2700:www.st-andrews.ac.uk 2516:Bishop of St Andrews 2475:(later Edward VIII). 2436:adding missing items 2168:(1970 and 1978) and 2113:Sport and recreation 1964:St Andrews bandstand 1919:St Andrews Cathedral 1876:St Salvator's Chapel 1843:St Salvator's Chapel 1835:St Andrews Cathedral 1681:St Andrews Rail Link 1254:Record high °C (°F) 963:Member of Parliament 932:Member of Parliament 916:St Andrews Town Hall 837:St Andrews Town Hall 796:bishop of St Andrews 784:Scottish Reformation 760:St Andrews Cathedral 576:(moor). This became 487:Scottish Reformation 479:St Andrews Cathedral 223:Sovereign state 19:For other uses, see 6383:Cairngorm Mountains 6174:Gilbert de Greenlaw 5775:St Leonard's Chapel 5755:Holy Trinity Church 5643:apartment buildings 5398:The Kingdom of Fife 5301:Dawson, Jane E. A. 5245:10.1093/tcbh/hwq058 5043:on 8 December 2015. 4333:. 18 November 2011. 4186:on 20 February 2012 4068:Walker and Ritchie 4012:Walker and Ritchie 3864:Walker and Ritchie 3389:on 23 February 2012 3334:on 23 February 2012 3272:"Willie Rennie MSP" 2610:www.standrewscc.net 2408:Freedom of the City 1655:Source: Met Office 1464:Record low °C (°F) 1165:at Leuchars, about 1121:Weather and climate 1024: 983:Scottish Parliament 887:is responsible for 885:Scottish Parliament 816:Festival of Britain 564:(head, peninsula), 522:major championships 379: / 6398: 5806:St Leonards School 5620:Ladies' Golf Union 5463:view of St Andrews 5319:Emerson, Roger L. 5316:84.1 (2005): 1–37. 5309:8 (1991): 413–435. 5125:movingimage.nls.uk 4866:Smart, RN (1991). 4732:on 24 October 2012 3777:"St Andrews Radio" 3708:"Routes and Times" 3651:on 19 October 2011 3574:"Feb 1972 minimum" 3234:on 21 October 2008 2636:urbs Sancti Andree 2632:urbs Sancti Andreæ 2434:; you can help by 2293:in the grounds of 2268: 2243: 2228:Places of interest 2205: 2145: 2066:St Leonards School 2062: 2028: 1966: 1946: 1915: 1907: 1899: 1880: 1862:scheduled monument 1853: 1800:BBC Radio Scotland 1726:. Travellers from 1669:St Andrews Railway 1143: 1135: 1071:Over 75 years old 1017: 840: 706: 682: 674: 659: 645: 546:Name and etymology 383:56.3404°N 2.7955°W 309:UK Parliament 255:Dialling code 113:18,410 (2022) 6455: 6454: 6334: 6333: 6288:John Spottiswoode 6283:George Gledstanes 6220:Alexander Stewart 6089:Roger de Beaumont 6079:Hugh the Chaplain 5926: 5925: 5841:St Mary's College 5731:Religious houses, 5722:St Andrews Museum 5712:St Andrews Castle 5588:The New Golf Club 5547:New Picture House 5421:Skene, William. " 5291:Vol. 124. (1994). 5061:. 29 October 2002 4539:tripadvisor.co.uk 4514:britishbeaches.uk 4331:St Andrews Herald 3804:. 5 February 2014 3415:on 23 August 2009 3360:on 23 August 2009 2657:scotslanguage.com 2461:Benjamin Franklin 2452: 2451: 2327:University Museum 2321:Battle of Kinburn 2316:St Andrews Museum 2302:are a category C 2189:Madras Rugby Club 2185:St Andrews United 2150:Open Championship 2103:Alexander Stewart 1950:St Andrews Castle 1943:St Andrews Castle 1839:St Andrews Castle 1795:TV transmitters. 1728:Edinburgh Airport 1659: 1658: 1145:St Andrews has a 1098: 1097: 1041:Total population 971:Wendy Chamberlain 954:and Pittenweem). 763:great council at 756:St Andrews Castle 680:Martyrs' Monument 398: 397: 173:Council area 157:Community council 6495: 6483:Parishes in Fife 6361: 6354: 6347: 6338: 6337: 6298:Alexander Burnet 6104:David de Bernham 6054:Turgot of Durham 6041: 5953: 5946: 5939: 5930: 5929: 5823:past and present 5733:past and present 5655:Old Course Hotel 5608:The St Rule Club 5568:St Andrews Links 5514: 5507: 5500: 5491: 5490: 5457:St Andrews Links 5411: 5392: 5376: 5357: 5304: 5283:Cameron, Neil. " 5280: 5278: 5272:. Archived from 5257: 5232: 5225:(1977): 278–295. 5206:Ash, Marinell. " 5203: 5182: 5180: 5179: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5051: 5045: 5044: 5039:. Archived from 5028: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4978: 4972: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4877: 4871: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4844:. Archived from 4838: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4799: 4793: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4728:. Archived from 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4587: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4559: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4506: 4500: 4493: 4487: 4480: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4446: 4440: 4433: 4424: 4417: 4408: 4401: 4390: 4383: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4326: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4277: 4271: 4264: 4258: 4251: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4092: 4086: 4079: 4073: 4066: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4041: 4035: 4028: 4017: 4010: 3997: 3990: 3984: 3977: 3971: 3964: 3958: 3951: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3926: 3920: 3913: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3875: 3869: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3687: 3676: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3465: 3457: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3379: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3324: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3268: 3262: 3255: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3224: 3215: 3201: 3195: 3188: 3182: 3175: 3169: 3162: 3156: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3127: 3121: 3114: 3097: 3090: 3084: 3077: 3068: 3061: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3039: 3033: 3026: 3020: 3013: 3002: 2995: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2878: 2872: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2831: 2825: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2692: 2686: 2685: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2649: 2643: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2576: 2447: 2444: 2426: 2425: 2419: 2395: 2358:botanical garden 2283: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2210:Chariots of Fire 2195:West Sands Beach 2128:Golf in Scotland 1980:administered by 1970:The Rough Wooing 1932:Robert the Bruce 1888:David de Bernham 1202: 1201: 1178: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1150:maritime climate 1025: 1016: 967:House of Commons 905:reserved matters 889:devolved matters 881:local governance 843:Local government 690:Patrick Hamilton 671: 668: 657: 654: 629:English language 575: 569: 563: 529:Patrick Hamilton 516:, the oldest of 510:St Andrews Links 463:The Sunday Times 394: 393: 391: 390: 389: 388:56.3404; -2.7955 384: 380: 377: 376: 375: 372: 349: 217: 129: 128: 98:Location within 88: 87: 81: 65: 31: 30: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6493: 6492: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6444: 6404:2010 applicants 6399: 6388: 6375:2006 applicants 6370: 6365: 6335: 6330: 6307: 6278:Patrick Adamson 6261: 6210:William Scheves 6193: 6124:William Wishart 6114:Abel de Gullane 6064:Robert of Scone 6042: 6033: 5962: 5957: 5927: 5922: 5896: 5860: 5822: 5815: 5811:New Park School 5789: 5732: 5726: 5690: 5674: 5642: 5636: 5556: 5529: 5523: 5518: 5461:Engraving of a 5443: 5429:Vol. 4. (1860). 5408: 5373: 5354: 5346:: John Donald. 5302: 5276: 5270: 5255: 5230: 5228:Browne, Sarah. 5192:, ed. (1911). " 5177: 5175: 5172: 5167: 5166: 5156: 5154: 5144: 5140: 5130: 5128: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5104: 5102: 5094: 5093: 5089: 5079: 5078: 5074: 5064: 5062: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5037:fifetoday.co.uk 5029: 5025: 5015: 5013: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4988: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4970: 4966: 4956: 4954: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4899: 4895: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4865: 4861: 4851: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4759: 4756:Wayback Machine 4749: 4745: 4735: 4733: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4698: 4697: 4693: 4683: 4681: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4657: 4655: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4619: 4616:Wayback Machine 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4588: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4561: 4560: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4516: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4494: 4490: 4481: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4434: 4427: 4421:Kingdom of Fife 4418: 4411: 4402: 4393: 4384: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4361:The Courrier UK 4353: 4349: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4327: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4296: 4286: 4284: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4265: 4261: 4252: 4243: 4233: 4231: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4211: 4209: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4178: 4177: 4173: 4163: 4161: 4146: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4115: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4093: 4089: 4083:Kingdom of Fife 4080: 4076: 4067: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4042: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4000: 3991: 3987: 3978: 3974: 3965: 3961: 3952: 3945: 3935: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3917:Kingdom of Fife 3914: 3897: 3887: 3885: 3876: 3872: 3863: 3859: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3807: 3805: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3753: 3752: 3748: 3738: 3736: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3716: 3714: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3674: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3618: 3617: 3613: 3603: 3601: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3578: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3515: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3494: 3492: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3463: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3444: 3442: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3381: 3380: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3326: 3325: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3292: 3291: 3287: 3277: 3275: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3256: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3226: 3225: 3218: 3213:9-780954-556808 3202: 3198: 3189: 3185: 3176: 3172: 3163: 3159: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3115: 3100: 3092:Omand,D. (ed.) 3091: 3087: 3078: 3071: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3040: 3036: 3027: 3023: 3014: 3005: 2996: 2989: 2977: 2969: 2967: 2954: 2950: 2940: 2938: 2929: 2925: 2915: 2913: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2879: 2875: 2866: 2862: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2832: 2828: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2803: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2755: 2753: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2694: 2693: 2689: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2621: 2617: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2589: 2587: 2586:. 31 March 2022 2578: 2577: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2507: 2494: 2487:: 11 July 2022. 2469:: 19 July 1902. 2457: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2423: 2416:of St Andrews. 2410: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2396: 2380: 2371: 2363:butterfly house 2342: 2329: 2312: 2304:listed building 2280: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2260: 2258:Lade Braes Walk 2235: 2230: 2197: 2162:British Amateur 2160:(1927 and 1930 2130: 2122:Main articles: 2120: 2115: 2080:, which is the 2026:on South Street 2016: 1845: 1833:Main articles: 1831: 1777: 1665: 1660: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1175: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1123: 1111: 1015: 987:North East Fife 959:North East Fife 936:Reform Act 1832 924: 845: 830: 824: 669: 655: 637: 548: 421:Scottish Gaelic 387: 385: 381: 378: 373: 370: 368: 366: 365: 364: 347: 339: 335:North East Fife 321: 317:North East Fife 213: 203: 185: 167: 124: 123: 105: 104: 103: 102: 96: 95: 94: 93: 89: 68: 56: 39:Scottish Gaelic 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6501: 6491: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6453: 6452: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6431: 6422:(Buildings of 6420: 6417:Arbroath Abbey 6413: 6407: 6405: 6401: 6400: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6371: 6364: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6341: 6332: 6331: 6323:Roman Catholic 6312: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6269: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6257:Gavin Hamilton 6254: 6249: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6231:Innocenzo Cybo 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6205:Patrick Graham 6201: 6199: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6191: 6189:Patrick Graham 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6164:Thomas Stewart 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6129:William Fraser 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6050: 6048: 6044: 6043: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5963: 5956: 5955: 5948: 5941: 5933: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5904: 5902: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5872:Botanic Garden 5868: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5856:United College 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5827: 5825: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5801:Madras College 5797: 5795: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5736: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5660:Rufflets Hotel 5657: 5652: 5650:Hamilton Grand 5646: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5612: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5578:Swilcan Bridge 5575: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5537:Barron Theatre 5533: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5517: 5516: 5509: 5502: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5480:The Lade Braes 5477: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5442: 5441:External links 5439: 5438: 5437: 5430: 5419: 5418:(Brill, 2019). 5414:Rhodes, Bess. 5412: 5406: 5393: 5384: 5377: 5371: 5358: 5352: 5335: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5299: 5292: 5281: 5268: 5248: 5226: 5215: 5204: 5190:Chisholm, Hugh 5171: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5138: 5112: 5087: 5072: 5046: 5023: 4998: 4973: 4964: 4952:Visit Scotland 4939: 4914: 4893: 4872: 4859: 4848:on 17 May 2014 4833: 4812: 4794: 4779: 4743: 4717: 4706:. 13 June 2012 4691: 4680:. 13 June 2012 4665: 4639: 4603: 4579: 4551: 4526: 4501: 4497:Old St Andrews 4488: 4466: 4441: 4425: 4409: 4391: 4373: 4347: 4336: 4316: 4305: 4294: 4283:. Fife Council 4272: 4268:Old St Andrews 4259: 4241: 4230:. Fife Council 4219: 4208:. Fife Council 4197: 4171: 4140: 4109: 4087: 4074: 4058: 4036: 4018: 3998: 3985: 3981:Old St Andrews 3972: 3959: 3943: 3921: 3895: 3870: 3857: 3836: 3815: 3802:British Papers 3789: 3768: 3746: 3724: 3699: 3662: 3636: 3624:climate-uk.com 3611: 3586: 3565: 3544: 3532:">25c days" 3523: 3502: 3480: 3468:BID St Andrews 3452: 3441:on 2 July 2010 3426: 3400: 3371: 3345: 3310: 3285: 3263: 3245: 3216: 3196: 3183: 3170: 3157: 3144: 3122: 3118:Old St Andrews 3098: 3085: 3069: 3056: 3047: 3034: 3021: 3003: 2987: 2948: 2923: 2898: 2873: 2860: 2846: 2826: 2813: 2788: 2763: 2738: 2712: 2687: 2669: 2644: 2640:Sanctus Andrea 2615: 2597: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2518: 2513: 2506: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2493: 2492:Military units 2490: 2489: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2429: 2427: 2409: 2406: 2398: 2397: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2356:is an 18-acre 2341: 2340:Botanic Garden 2338: 2328: 2325: 2311: 2308: 2259: 2256: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2196: 2193: 2154:Old Tom Morris 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2038:Madras College 2024:Madras College 2015: 2012: 2004:leper hospital 1830: 1827: 1776: 1773: 1734:Dundee Airport 1707:in the south. 1664: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1610:sunshine hours 1605: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1200: 1122: 1119: 1110: 1107: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1021:UK Census 2001 1014: 1011: 923: 920: 844: 841: 823: 820: 745:Constantine II 698:George Wishart 636: 633: 578:Cell Rígmonaid 547: 544: 533:George Wishart 417:Saunt Aundraes 396: 395: 363: 362: 360: 355: 350: 348:List of places 344: 341: 340: 338: 337: 331: 329: 323: 322: 320: 319: 313: 311: 305: 304: 301: 300: 295: 289: 288: 283: 277: 276: 271: 265: 264: 261: 260: 257: 251: 250: 245: 239: 238: 235: 229: 228: 227:United Kingdom 225: 219: 218: 211: 205: 204: 202: 201: 195: 193: 187: 186: 184: 183: 177: 175: 169: 168: 166: 165: 161: 159: 153: 152: 149: 142: 141: 138: 131: 130: 121: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 97: 91: 90: 83: 82: 76: 75: 74: 73: 70: 69: 66: 58: 57: 55: 54: 52:Saunt Aundraes 45: 35: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6500: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6478:Towns in Fife 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6447: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6418: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6402: 6395: 6384: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6362: 6357: 6355: 6350: 6348: 6343: 6342: 6339: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6321:(etc.) & 6320: 6317: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6252:John Hamilton 6250: 6248: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6236:Andrew Forman 6234: 6232: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6196: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6184:James Kennedy 6182: 6180: 6179:Henry Wardlaw 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6154:Stephen de Pa 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6040: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5971: 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Andrea(s) 400: 399: 43:Cill Rìmhinn 25: 6303:Arthur Rose 6293:James Sharp 6084:John Scotus 5999:Máel Ísu II 5901:Other sport 5892:Strathtyrum 5745:Blackfriars 5615:The R&A 5584:Golf clubs 4486:pp.224–227. 4287:21 February 4072:pp.115–116. 4016:pp.130–132. 3919:pp.124–126. 3845:"The Stand" 3824:"The Saint" 3599:eca.knmi.nl 3495:23 December 3445:8 September 3303:6 September 3278:6 September 2455:Individuals 2300:water wheel 2170:Tiger Woods 2158:Bobby Jones 2000:Blackfriars 1738:London-City 1085:Unemployed 1030:St Andrews 877:legislative 800:Royal Burgh 741:River Tweed 737:River Forth 702:Walter Mill 670: 1693 656: 1845 604:. The name 570:(king) and 537:Reformation 386: / 237:ST. ANDREWS 6468:St Andrews 6462:Categories 6435:St Andrews 6139:James Bane 5994:Máel Muire 5989:Cellach II 5984:Máel Ísu I 5831:University 5750:Greyfriars 5740:All Saints 5641:Hotels and 5573:Old Course 5552:Jigger Inn 5521:St Andrews 5473:, 1804 at 5194:St Andrews 5100:ebay.co.uk 4678:The Mirror 4591:"Fife.gov" 4389:pp183–185. 3850:12 October 3829:12 October 3808:11 October 3782:12 October 3761:12 October 3739:12 October 3679:Tata Steel 2806:10 October 2781:7 February 2756:14 October 2731:14 October 2622:Variously 2558:References 2521:Celtic art 2432:incomplete 2291:water mill 2138:Old Course 2105:and prior 1804:Kingdom FM 1692:Stagecoach 1050:5,062,011 1013:Demography 1005:, for the 940:Anstruther 865:Glenrothes 822:Governance 625:apostrophe 614:St Regulus 606:St Andrews 602:*Penrimond 556:Old Gaelic 554:. 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