349:
845:
859:
63:
821:
833:
662:
809:
875:
50:
70:
364:". The lava rocks form regular five, six or seven-sided pillars, called "laminar lava", and are found in varying heights in all the islands; the tallest of the columns is about 6 m (20 ft). Considering the importance and rarity of such an occurrence, these islands were classified as a National Geological Monument in 2001 by the
478:
at different temperatures) of island rock samples indicate the presence of a multi domain (MD) state of magnetite. It is inferred that: "the formation of MD could have affected the stability and consistency of magnetic directions in these rocks" and that "this igneous body has been either annealed or
339:
The highest elevation at
Coconut Island, which has generated interest among geologists and tourists, is about 10 m (32.8 ft) above msl with surrounding areas in the form of platforms in the elevation range of +6 m (19.7 ft), +3 m (9.8 ft), +1.5 m (4.9 ft) and +
324:
Out of the four islands, the northernmost island has a basaltic rock formation in a hexagonal form, the only one of its type in India such as Malpe and others. The island covers an area which is about 500 m (1,640.4 ft) in length with a width of 100 m (328.1 ft). It has prominent
631:
All links to the island are only through the mainland town of Malpe, which is a major fishing harbor. The beach at this location is enlivening. It is located 5 km west of Udupi town, the administrative headquarters for the
Islands. Apart from the Islands, Malpe too has tourist attractions such
716:
The
Islands are bereft of buildings, fences, shops. There are no domestic animals either. There are only covered pavilions with park benches on the shore and further inland. Visitors can wander around freely and enjoy the hexagonal formations from vantage locations. Visitors have to carry drinking
606:
Another scientific study on the biogeographic and tectonic history of India reported that: "Although real breaks among the lands were indicated by the physical data, faunal links were maintained by agile animals that were able to surmount minor marine barriers. India, during its northward journey,
602:
region of southwestern India, which were also dated earlier, indicate the age as 85 Ma. Madagascar flood basalt province's Ar–Ar ages of 89–85 Ma tallies with the SMI volcanic age. The conclusion drawn by the study is that the
Madagascar flood basalt province, the SMI volcanics, and possibly the
491:
hypothesizes a new India–Madagascar fit related to the Late
Cretaceous, directly prior to and during the early phase of Madagascar–India separation. A scientific study paper on Late Cretaceous India–Madagascar fit and timing of break–up related magmatism by several scholars reported in the Wiley
627:
haven with seashells of various shapes and sizes littered along the coast. There is no sand beach to swim and relax since it is scattered with basaltic rocks. The beach has security guards who ensure that visitors do not venture into danger zones of the islands.
1231:
331:
The islands are generally aligned parallel to the coast line, which provide clues to the phenomenon of uplift of the west coast of India. The islands' terraces and elevated beach deposits along with the tide gauge data at the dead oyster beach in
569:) of the St. Mary's Islands (SMI), Southern India, were originally interpreted as a distant outlier of the 66 Ma Deccan volcanic province of west–central India, comprising dominantly flood basalts. Later studies had dated it at 93 Ma by the
1108:
655:
of the islands and the Deria Bahdur Ghur (the islands north of the port of Malpe, named after the cross set up by Vasco da Gama), have been compiled in a manual by John
Sturrocks, the district collector of Mangalore in 1894.
519:
There are different theories on the age of the St. Mary's
Islands rocks. In the analysis reported in the above section it has been further concluded that the multi domain (MD) state found in these rocks are uncommon in the
733:
fishing harbour (which has a ship building yard also) to the islands. However, the frequency of these boats may vary depending on the number of tourists visiting. It is 58 km (36.0 mi) to the North of
573:
technique. Since the technique used was a simple use of an average of five out of six widely varying dates and arbitrary data selectivity chosen, the results were not considered reliable. A method of Ar–Ar
1116:
963:
386:
emerged from the vast deluge of hot molten basaltic lava in the western part of India which is now seen as flat topped hills and step like terraces. Scientific studies carried out at the
528:. Six selected samples from the islands were subject to whole rock K-Ar dating. This yielded a mean age of 93.1±2.4 (2σ) vis-à-vis the age of the Rajmahal Traps of about 105-100
717:
water and sun screens since the climate is usually hot. Since the last few yards of the approach to the island involves wading, it may be preferable to avoid wearing sneakers.
767:
1016:
1074:
328:
The north–south aligned islands form a non-continuous chain. The four largest islands are
Coconut Island, North Island, Daryabahadurgarh Island and South Island.
1256:
325:
coconut trees, its cover reflecting an azure south sea colour, and hence the island is also called
Coconut Island. There is no habitation on the islands.
1082:
360:, exhibit an imposing range of hexagonal shaped or multi-faced (polygonal) columns split into a horizontal mosaic. In geological terms these are called "
1506:
532:
and about 66-35 Ma of the Deccan Traps. With this appreciation, the author has concluded that the igneous activity of St. Mary's
Islands may represent
603:
Kerala dykes may well represent volcanic activity associated with the break-up of Greater India and Madagascar, in the Upper Cretaceous at 88 Ma.
2158:
967:
94:
888:
249:
1142:
62:
844:
598:
to the latest Cretaceous is reported as 69–66 Ma (Deccan-related). The two regional dykes (a leucograbbro and a felsite) from the
1020:
725:
The only way of getting to the islands is by boat. For advanced boating service visit malpe beach which is 5.8 km from town
1499:
1284:"Ar–Ar age of the St. Mary's Islands volcanics, southern India: record of India–Madagascar break-up on the Indian subcontinent"
387:
832:
2168:
2153:
17:
808:
336:(further south of the islands) have been deduced as proof of the reported fall in sea level of about 1 mm/per year.
1071:
269:
729:. However the frequency of the boats will be every 20 min. Or regular ferry service ply the 6 km distance from the
1260:
1492:
902:
1658:
1198:
820:
340:
0 m which are stated to have been formed by wave action pointing to an "episodic sea level rise or fall of land".
134:
1418:
1419:"A Brief History of Scientific Technology, Research and Educational Progress of South Kanara, Karnataka State"
2138:
2133:
906:
1930:
348:
248:
Columnar rhyolite Lava here form one of the four geological monuments in Karnataka state, one of the 34
365:
253:
146:
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1311:
1259:. Wiley Inter science, Terra Nova Volume 12, Issue 5, pages 220-224. 18 January 2002. Archived from
994:
1479:
1050:
858:
356:
The columnar basaltic lava found in these Islands, which is very well developed in the basalts of
198:
Four Islands -Coconut Island, the North Island, the Daryabahadurgarh Island and the South Island
1880:
1673:
1603:
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738:, the coastal city of Karnataka, which is also the nearest airport. The famous religious town
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have been sighted on the Islands. But on the approach to the Islands from the Malpe beach,
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8:
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was attached to India. The rifting of Madagascar took place around 88 million years ago.
2112:
1956:
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2011:
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550:) and Madagascar it has been inferred to have occurred in the Upper Cretaceous at 88
504:
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228:
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Scientific studies indicate that the basalt of the St. Mary's Islands was formed by
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1935:
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probably resulted from rift related extensional processes initially induced by the
238:
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2001:
1971:
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1078:
579:
508:
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289:
995:"Relative fall in Sea level in parts of South Karnataka Coast by K.R.Subramanya"
582:. The weighted mean isochron age is reported to be 85.6±0.9 Ma (2σ). The K–Ar (
1996:
1895:
1854:
1829:
1814:
1588:
1583:
1257:"Late Cretaceous India–Madagascar fit and timing of break-up related magmatism"
897:
880:
771:
763:
525:
484:
309:
778:) passes close to the Islands, starting from Mangalore passing through Udupi,
661:
546:
In a further analysis of the age of the break-up of Greater India (India plus
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1920:
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1759:
1678:
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1608:
759:
689:
453:
449:
273:
109:
96:
578:) of the SMI volcanic yields is reportedly more reliable of the plateau and
1961:
1900:
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1553:
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1484:
755:
677:
637:
521:
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1232:"Petrology and palaeomagnetism of volcanic rocks of the St. Marry Islands"
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1976:
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in 2016 for their protection, maintenance, promotion and enhancement of
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1017:"National Geological Monument, from Geological Survey of India website"
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1282:
Pande, Kanchan; Sheth, Hetu C.; Bhutani, Rajneesh (30 November 2001).
227:, India. They are known for their distinctive geological formation of
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is linked to the initial break–up between India and Madagascar, and
381:
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1236:
Indian Institute of Technology, Doctoral thesis by A. B. Valsangkar
633:
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558:
554:. The strength of this inference is based on the approach that the
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The columnar jointing pattern is well developed on Coconut Island.
260:. The monument is considered an important site for "Geo Tourism".
1703:
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874:
612:
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of the rocks of the island has brought out the following facts.
1966:
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near Mumbai. Malpe is 4 km (2.5 mi) from Udupi town.
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Madhyastha, M.N.; Abdul Rahiman, M.; Kaveriappa, K.M. (1982).
2016:
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Udupi: St Mary's Islands – Nature at its Resplendent Best
783:
742:, is about 60 km (37.3 mi) West North West of
284:. Da Gama fixed a cross and named one of these islands
352:
A view of basaltic rock formation in St. Mary's Island
870:
770:
are linked to Malpe, by the West Coast Railway. The
1109:"15 natural wonders in India you should know about"
16:For individual islands named after Saint Mary, see
1343:"The biogeographic and tectonic history of India"
1281:
797:
2125:
862:Panoramic view of palm trees at St. Mary Island
632:as the Vadabhandeshwara Temple and an image of
276:landed at St Mary's Islands, at the end of the
889:List of places with columnar jointed volcanics
590:terrain, intruded by numerous mafic–doleritic
69:
1500:
1514:
966:. Geological Survey of India. Archived from
838:A view from Ferry towards St. Mary's Islands
586:) technique adopted for the southern Indian
611:and Madagascar even as it began to contact
319:
1507:
1493:
507:underlying southern Madagascar during the
474:granulometric studies (susceptibility and
1358:
1310:
1226:
1224:
1222:
997:. Current Science Volume 75 Pages 727-730
211:, are a set of four small islands in the
1193:
1191:
857:
814:A beach on one of the St. Mary's Islands
720:
665:The highest point on St. Mary's Islands.
660:
623:The western coasts of the islands are a
492:Inter Science Journal states: "St. Mary
347:
1449:
1447:
989:
987:
985:
704:(breeding plumage) and groups of large
2159:National Geological Monuments in India
2126:
1340:
1219:
1140:
647:A detailed description of the natural
618:
468:are recorded in the ground mass phases
388:Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
250:National Geological Monuments of India
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1188:
1136:
1134:
958:
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954:
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1444:
1426:Indian Journal of History of Science
1375:"St Marys Island, Udippi, Karnataka"
982:
371:The Deccan Traps that formed during
1291:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1143:"A beach and an island to relax on"
1065:
1035:
1009:
270:discovery of the sea route to India
13:
1131:
949:
14:
2180:
1473:
903:Devils Postpile National Monument
514:
1360:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00809.x
1141:Prabhu, Ganesh (31 March 2006).
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68:
61:
48:
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241:activity, because at that time
1167:
1101:
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1072:national geo-heritage of India
798:Pictures of St. Mary's Islands
1:
1689:Ponnaiyar (Dakshina Pinakini)
1321:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00495-2
942:
907:The Cove Palisades State Park
2169:Uninhabited islands of India
414:composition that consist of
82:Location in Karnataka, India
7:
2154:Geography of Udupi district
1341:Briggs, J.C. (March 2003).
866:
826:Rocks at St. Mary's Islands
10:
2185:
1377:. Maps of India. July 2011
850:Another view of the Island
406:Islands comprise fully of
366:Geological Survey of India
343:
263:
254:Geological Survey of India
25:Island in Karnataka, India
15:
2078:Krishna Raja Sagara / KRS
2025:
1949:
1941:Yele Mallappa Shetty Lake
1868:
1845:Shivanasamudra or Cauvery
1747:
1526:
1199:"Where rocks tell a tale"
636:consecrated by the saint
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40:
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1051:Press Information Bureau
524:and non-existent in the
430:and carry basic patches.
320:Geography and topography
1684:Penna (Uttara Pinakini)
1347:Journal of Biogeography
1303:2001E&PSL.193...39P
1077:11 January 2017 at the
479:could be an intrusive."
384: million years ago
304:, before proceeding to
300:, the virgin-mother of
286:O Padrão de Santa Maria
1881:Hebbal Lake, Bangalore
863:
706:Asian green bee-eaters
666:
584:potassium-argon dating
353:
161:10 m (30 ft)
861:
721:Access to the islands
664:
640:, the founder of the
351:
171: • Official
2139:Beaches of Karnataka
2134:Islands of Karnataka
1095:"Geo-Heritage Sites"
1043:"Geo-Heritage Sites"
909:in the United States
708:have been recorded.
487:data from India and
1906:Krishna Raja Sagara
1886:Hebbal Lake, Mysore
1397:"St Mary's Islands"
1207:. 16 September 2002
1155:on 13 December 2006
1119:on 1 September 2014
964:"Columnar Rhyolite"
712:Visitor Information
644:school of thought.
619:General information
306:Calicut (Kozhikode)
282:Kingdom of Portugal
215:, off the coast of
110:13.3795°N 74.6730°E
106: /
2113:Vani Vilasa Sagara
2007:St. Mary's Islands
1931:Thippagondanahalli
1455:"St.Mary's Island"
1175:"St Mary's Island"
864:
698:great white egrets
667:
607:remained close to
576:argon–argon dating
354:
312:, the present-day
229:columnar rhyolitic
205:St. Mary's Islands
76:St. Mary's Islands
32:St. Mary's Islands
2121:
2120:
2088:Raja Lakhamagouda
1457:. 30 January 2007
1263:on 5 January 2013
436:Mineralogically,
410:rocks. They have
231:lava (pictured).
202:
201:
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2164:Islands of India
2149:Columnar basalts
2144:Geology of India
1674:Panchagangavalli
1644:Lakshmana Tirtha
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1115:. Archived from
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919:Giant's Causeway
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252:declared by the
207:, also known as
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1113:ibnlive.in.com/
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668:Flora and fauna
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483:An analysis of
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1474:External links
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1353:(3): 381–388.
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764:Thrippunithura
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690:brahminy kites
670:
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526:Rajmahal Traps
516:
515:Geological age
513:
485:palaeomagnetic
481:
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454:clinopyroxenes
434:
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928:Adam's Bridge
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913:Fingal's Cave
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760:Kanjiramattom
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580:isochron ages
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119:
91:Coordinates:
89:
64:
55:
51:
46:
39:
29:
23:
19:
2083:Linganamakki
2006:
1962:Murudeshwara
1911:Kukkarahalli
1891:Hesaraghatta
1790:Hanumangundi
1459:. Retrieved
1434:. Retrieved
1432:(2): 260–267
1429:
1425:
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1369:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1324:. Retrieved
1294:
1290:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:the original
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:
1209:. Retrieved
1202:
1178:. Retrieved
1169:
1157:. Retrieved
1153:the original
1146:
1121:. Retrieved
1117:the original
1112:
1103:
1089:
1067:
1057:15 September
1055:. Retrieved
1046:
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:the original
1011:
999:. Retrieved
972:. Retrieved
968:the original
776:map pictured
775:
756:Kazhakoottam
724:
715:
693:
684:) and a few
678:Scolopacidae
672:Colonies of
671:
646:
638:Madhvacharya
630:
622:
605:
545:
522:Deccan Traps
518:
482:
370:
358:Deccan Traps
355:
338:
330:
327:
323:
302:Jesus Christ
285:
267:
247:
233:
208:
204:
203:
22:
2108:Tungabhadra
2012:Tannirbhavi
1936:Vibhutipura
1916:Lingambudhi
1775:Devaragundi
1719:Tungabhadra
1634:Kumaradhara
1579:Ghataprabha
1564:Chulki Nala
1559:Chitravathi
1516:Hydrography
1123:1 September
915:in Scotland
768:Muthalamada
596:Proterozoic
592:dyke swarms
588:Precambrian
571:K-Ar dating
567:Rhyodacites
438:plagioclase
428:granophyres
420:rhyodacites
379:time about
239:subvolcanic
213:Arabian Sea
113: /
2128:Categories
2043:Bhadra Dam
1992:NITK Beach
1987:Maravanthe
1748:Waterfalls
1709:Souparnika
1659:Markandeya
1649:Malaprabha
1639:Kumudvathi
1574:Gangavalli
1461:27 January
1436:24 January
1402:24 January
1381:9 February
1326:24 January
1267:25 January
1241:25 January
1211:24 January
1180:24 January
1159:28 October
1047:pib.nic.in
1027:21 January
1001:25 January
943:References
682:sandpipers
548:Seychelles
543:activity.
534:Cretaceous
489:Madagascar
476:hysteresis
373:Cretaceous
294:dedication
290:Portuguese
258:geotourism
243:Madagascar
236:sub-aerial
101:74°40′23″E
98:13°22′46″N
2073:Kodasalli
2002:Someshwar
1860:Vajrapoha
1850:Shivganga
1805:Jaladurga
1734:Vedavathi
1699:Sharavati
1694:Shambhavi
1664:Netravati
1594:Honnuhole
1569:Dandavati
1539:Arkavathi
1520:Karnataka
1307:CiteSeerX
1204:The Hindu
1148:The Hindu
936:Sri Lanka
788:Ratnagiri
780:Kundapura
744:Mangalore
736:Mangalore
563:rhyolites
559:volcanics
498:magmatism
494:magmatism
462:magnetite
424:rhyolites
400:volcanics
392:petrology
280:from the
272:in 1498,
268:With the
225:Karnataka
209:Thonsepar
182:Time zone
166:Languages
158:Elevation
140:Karnataka
35:Thonsepar
1997:Panambur
1855:Unchalli
1830:Mallalli
1820:Kuchikal
1815:Kalhatti
1589:Hemavati
1584:Gurupura
1075:Archived
867:See also
634:Balarama
625:seashell
538:Tertiary
472:Magnetic
466:ilmenite
442:feldspar
334:Suratkal
308:in the
187:UTC+5:30
147:District
2053:Harangi
2033:Almatti
1957:Gokarna
1950:Beaches
1901:Karanji
1876:Harangi
1840:Sathodi
1765:Barkana
1760:Bandaje
1704:Shimsha
1679:Papagni
1654:Manjira
1624:Krishna
1609:Karanja
1299:Bibcode
974:26 July
896:in the
700:, grey
613:Eurasia
541:igneous
505:hotspot
458:olivine
416:dacites
408:igneous
390:on the
344:Geology
298:St Mary
292:, as a
264:History
175:Kannada
126:Country
2058:Kabini
1967:Karwar
1729:Varahi
1724:Varada
1619:Kedaka
1614:Kaveri
1599:Kabini
1554:Chakra
1544:Bhadra
1534:Amarja
1527:Rivers
1309:
1083:INTACH
938:border
894:Azores
766:, and
748:Mumbai
702:egrets
642:Dvaita
609:Africa
600:Kerala
556:Felsic
502:Marion
464:, and
450:ortho-
446:quartz
377:Eocene
314:Kerala
278:voyage
42:Island
2068:Kanva
2063:Kadra
2048:Gorur
2017:Trasi
1982:Malpe
1977:Kudle
1869:Lakes
1825:Magod
1800:Irupu
1795:Hebbe
1785:Gokak
1755:Abbey
1714:Tunga
1669:Palar
1629:Kubja
1549:Bhima
1422:(PDF)
1287:(PDF)
932:India
752:Kochi
740:Udupi
731:Malpe
727:Udupi
686:crows
674:gulls
653:fauna
649:flora
221:Udupi
217:Malpe
152:Udupi
135:State
129:India
2103:Supa
2026:Dams
1972:Kapu
1604:Kali
1463:2009
1438:2009
1404:2009
1383:2012
1328:2009
1269:2009
1243:2009
1213:2009
1182:2009
1161:2008
1125:2014
1059:2018
1029:2019
1003:2009
976:2008
792:Roha
790:and
651:and
565:and
452:and
440:, K-
426:and
412:acid
398:and
1810:Jog
1518:of
1355:doi
1317:doi
1295:193
930:in
921:in
905:or
784:Goa
696:),
615:."
511:."
296:to
288:in
219:in
191:IST
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
