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1255:; £291.65 a year per head was spent on services in some areas, while the budget in some areas was £30.94 or less. In 2018, 193,971 children in English primary schools were on the special educational needs register needing speech-therapy services. Speech and language therapists work in acute settings and are often integrated into the MDT in multiple areas of speciality for neonatal, children and adult services. Areas include but not limited to; neonatal care, respiratory, ENT, gastrointestinal, stroke, Neurology,ICU, oncology and geriatric care
1095:
trained to use a cognitive neuropsychological approach to assessment, to precisely determine what aspect of communication is impaired. Some therapists use assessments that are based on historic anatomical models of language, that have since been shown to be unreliable. These tools are often preferred by therapists working within a medical model, where medics request a 'type' of impairment, and a 'severity' rating. The broad tools available allow clinicians to precisely select the aspect of communication that they wish to assess.
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Teleconferencing tools such as Skype are being used more commonly as a means to access remote locations in private therapy practice, such as in the geographically diverse south island of New
Zealand. More at-home or combination treatments have become readily available to address specific types of articulation disorders. The use of mobile applications in speech therapy is also growing as an avenue to bring treatment into the home.
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treat the diagnoses or address the needs. Speech/language services begin with initial screening for communication and/or swallowing disorders and continue with assessment and diagnosis, consultation for the provision of advice regarding management, intervention, and treatment, and providing counseling and other followup services for these disorders. Services are provided in the following areas:
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speech- and language-therapy teams, usually after referral by health visitors or education settings, but parents are also entitled to request an assessment directly. If treatment is appropriate, an educational plan will be drawn up. Speech therapists often play a role in multi-disciplinary teams when
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In the United States, speech–language pathologists must hold a master's degree from an ASHA-accredited program. Following graduation and passing a nation-wide board exam, SLPs typically begin their
Clinical Fellowship Year, during which they are granted a provisional license and receive guidance from
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Children with speech, language, and communication needs (SLCN) are particularly at risk of not being heard because of communication challenges. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can explain the significance of supporting communication as a tool for the child to shape and influence choices available
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Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide a wide range of services, mainly on an individual basis, but also as support for families, support groups, and providing information for the general public. SLPs work to assess levels of communication needs, make diagnoses based on the assessments, and then
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Many approaches exist to assess language, communication, speech and swallowing. Two main aspects of assessment can be to determine the extent of breakdown (impairment-level), or how communication can be supported (functional level). When evaluating impairment-based level of breakdown, therapists are
1063:
Experimental, empirical, and scientific methodologies that build on hypothesis testing and logical, deductive reasoning have dominated research in speech-language pathology. Other types of research in the field are complemented by qualitative research, which has also led to new insights, techniques,
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The development of speech-language pathology into a profession took different paths in the various regions of the world. Three identifiable trends influenced the evolution of speech-language pathology in the United States during the late 19th century to early 20th century: the elocution movement,
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Because school-based speech therapy is run under state guidelines and funds, the process of assessment and qualification is more strict. To qualify for in-school speech therapy, students must meet the state's criteria on language testing and speech standardization. Due to such requirements, some
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often requires multidisciplinary collaboration. Speech–language pathologists can be very beneficial in helping resolve speech problems associated with cleft lip and palate. Research has indicated that children who receive early language intervention are less likely to develop compensatory error
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In the US, some children are eligible to receive speech therapy services, including assessment and lessons through the public school system. If not, private therapy is readily available through personal lessons with a qualified speech–language pathologist or the growing field of telepractice.
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to them in their lives, even though it is advised that children with SLCN can and should be actively involved as equal partners in decision-making about their communication needs. Building these skills is especially crucial for SLPs working in settings related to traditional education.
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their supervisor. At the end of this process, SLPs may choose to apply for ASHA's
Certificate of Clinical Competence and apply for full state licensure. SLPs may additionally choose to earn advanced degrees such as a clinical doctorate in speech–language pathology,
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students may not be assessed in an efficient time frame or their needs may be undermined by criteria. For a private clinic, students are more likely to qualify for therapy because it is a paid service with more availability.
2110:
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A common misconception is that speech–language pathology is restricted to the treatment of articulation disorders (e.g., helping
English-speaking individuals enunciate the traditionally difficult
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Speech, language, and swallowing disorders result from a variety of causes, such as a stroke, brain injury, hearing loss, developmental delay, a cleft palate, cerebral palsy, or emotional issues.
4038:
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swallowing or other upper aerodigestive functions such as infant feeding and aeromechanical events (evaluation of esophageal function is for the purpose of referral to medical professionals);
871:
Word-finding and other semantic issues, either as a result of a specific language impairment (SLI) such as a language delay or as a secondary characteristic of a more general issue such as
867:
but, in fact, speech–language pathology is concerned with a broad scope of speech, language, literacy, swallowing, and voice issues involved in communication, some of which include:
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Following ASHA's 2005 approval of the delivery of speech/language services via video conference or telepractice, SLPs in the United States have begun to use this service model.
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2958:"Discussion Meeting Issue 'Language in developmental and acquired disorders: converging evidence for models of language representation in the brain' - Table of Contents"
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Premature infants are at higher risk of feeding and later language needs and SLTS work with this cohort to prevent developmental difficulties and support neonatal care
903:
Voice difficulties, such as a raspy voice, a voice that is too soft, or other voice difficulties that negatively impact a person's social or professional performance.
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Schulz, Geralyn M; Grant, Megan K (January 2000). "Effects of speech therapy and pharmacologic and surgical treatments on voice and speech in
Parkinson's disease".
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patterns later in life, although speech therapy outcomes are usually better when surgical treatment is performed earlier. Another area of collaboration relates to
1009:, where SLPs can collaborate in assessments and provide intervention where there is evidence of speech, language, and/or other cognitive-communication disorders.
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SLPs collaborate with other health care professionals, often working as part of a multidisciplinary team. They can provide information and referrals to
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to be especially helpful with certain patient populations; individuals with
Parkinson's Disease often develop voice issues as a result of their disease.
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Richard, Gail J. (July 2011). "The Role of the Speech–Language
Pathologist in Identifying and Treating Children With Auditory Processing Disorder".
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110:
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voice (hoarseness, dysphonia), poor vocal volume (hypophonia), abnormal (e.g., rough, breathy, strained) vocal quality. Research demonstrates
82:
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Swallowing disorders include difficulties in any phase of the swallowing process (i.e., oral, pharyngeal, esophageal), as well as functional
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Ritter, Michaela J. (June 2009). "The Speech–Language
Pathologist and Reading: Opportunities to Extend Services for the Children We Serve".
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700:
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829:, and pragmatic/social aspects of communication) including comprehension and expression in oral, written, graphic, and manual modalities;
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Wilkinson, Ray (3 July 2014). "Intervening With
Conversation Analysis in Speech and Language Therapy: Improving Aphasic Conversation".
1025:, and home healthcare. SLPs may also work as part of the support structure in the education system, working in both public and private
836:
3927:
2975:"Screening for Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Systematic Evidence Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force"
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SLPs conduct research related to communication sciences and disorders, swallowing disorders, or other upper aerodigestive functions.
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DeBonis, David A.; Moncrieff, Deborah (February 2008). "Auditory
Processing Disorders: An Update for Speech–Language Pathologists".
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Literacy impairments (reading and writing) related to the letter-to-sound relationship (phonics), the word-to-meaning relationship (
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Zasler, Nathan D.; Katz, Douglas I.; Zafonte, Ross D.; Arciniegas, David B.; Bullock, M. Ross; Kreutzer, Jeffrey S., eds. (2013).
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2101:[Speech therapy — criteria for determining the time of the surgical operation in surgery of labio-palato-velars cleft].
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Janes, Tina Leann; Zupan, Barbra; Signal, Tania (2021–02). "Community awareness of speech pathology: A regional perspective".
1982:
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2444:"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) Version for 2010"
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scientific revolution, and the rise of professionalism. Groups of "speech correctionists" formed in the early 1900s. The
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Cognitive impairments (e.g. attention, memory, executive function) to the extent that they interfere with communication.
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2325:"New perspectives, theory, method, and practice: Qualitative research and innovation in speech-language pathology"
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Children with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties and communication problems: there is always a reason
1881:"Is early intervention effective in improving spoken language outcomes of children with congenital hearing loss?"
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and research methods as well as new approaches in ways that are responsive to our customers and communities.
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2099:"Logopedia — criteriu de stabilire a momentului operator în chirurgia despicăturilor labio-palato-velare"
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Speech–language pathologists work with clients and patients who may present with a wide range of issues.
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Voice and Communication Therapy for the Transgender/Transsexual Client: A Comprehensive Clinical Guide
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Pollens, Robin (October 2004). "Role of the Speech–Language Pathologist in Palliative Hospice Care".
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691:) is a healthcare and academic discipline concerning the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of
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Fisher, S. E.; Scharff, C. (April 2009). "FOXP2 as a molecular window into speech and language".
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731:(ASHA) and Speech Pathology Australia. The field of speech-language pathology is practiced by a
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Genetic disorders that adversely affect speech, language and/or cognitive development including
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2480:"Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)"
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sensory awareness related to communication, swallowing, or other upper aerodigestive functions.
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Adults recovering from significant tumors in the bronchus, lung, oropharynx, breast, and brain
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Adults with mild, moderate, or severe eating, feeding and swallowing difficulties, including
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SLPs work in a variety of clinical and educational settings. SLPs work in public and private
922:
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347:
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Brady, Marian C.; Kelly, Helen; Godwin, Jon; Enderby, Pam; Campbell, Pauline (1 June 2016).
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Social communication difficulties involving how people communicate or interact with others (
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Progressive neurological conditions such as cancer of the head, neck and throat (including
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as dictated by the individual client's needs. For example, the treatment for patients with
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Language impairments, including difficulties creating sentences that are grammatical (
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Specific difficulties in producing sounds, called articulation disorders, (including
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American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (ASHA) – Communication for a Lifetime
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Richards, Emma (June 2012). "Communication and swallowing problems after stroke".
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1961:(4th ed., International ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education. pp. 378–385.
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948:. Swallowing disorders can occur at any age and can stem from multiple causes.
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SLPs also play an important role in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of
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2015:
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a child has speech delay or disorder as part of a wider health condition. The
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1747:"What Do You Know About Your Profession's History? And Why Is It Important?"
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Adults with mild, moderate, or severe language difficulties as a result of:
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2266:"Advancing the human rights of children with communication needs in school"
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839:(AAC) for individuals with severe language and communication impairments;
833:; preliteracy and language-based literacy skills, phonological awareness;
807:
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Developmental language and early feeding neurodevelopment and prevention;
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1858:(2nd ed.). New York: Demos Medical. pp. 1086–1104, 1111–1117.
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Some SLPs' working environments include one-on-one time with the client.
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language impairments, and social communication difficulties, as well as
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2511:"The Speech Therapy of Cleft Palate Patients as an Oral Rehabilitation"
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Bellani, M.; Moretti, A.; Perlini, C.; Brambilla, P. (December 2011).
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30:"Speech therapy" redirects here. For the album by Speech Debelle, see
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937:. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) work with people of all ages.
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Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED)
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that adversely affect speech, language and/or cognitive development
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Frățilă, Mihaela; Urtilă, Emil; Ștefănescu, Maria (October 2011).
5808:"Community awareness of speech pathology: A regional perspective"
5806:
Janes, Tina Leann; Zupan, Barbra; Signal, Tania (February 2021).
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International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
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Gallagher, Aoife L.; Tancredi, Haley; Graham, Linda J. (2018).
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Adler, Richard K.; Hirsch, Sandy; Mordaunt, Michelle (2012).
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2458:"Autism and Communication [NIDCD Health Information]"
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Primary pediatric speech and language disorders include: (i)
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cognitive aspects of communication (e.g., attention, memory,
2073:"Who Are Speech–Language Pathologists, and What Do They Do?"
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Parent, caregiver, and other communication partner coaching.
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National Institutes of Health – Voice, Speech, and Language
1959:
Articulatory and phonological impairments: a clinical focus
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In the UK, children are entitled to an assessment by local
1806:(2nd ed.). Demos Medical Publishing. pp. 77–83.
1629:"Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke"
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or providing expert testimony in applicable court cases.
2628:"Postcode lottery for speech therapy, says commissioner"
2103:
Revista de chirurgie oro-maxilo-facială și implantologie
1804:
Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis & clinical management
1552:
List of university speech–language pathology departments
1524:, including voice feminization and voice masculinization
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1930:"Developmental Delay: An Information Guide for Parents"
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3012:. New York: Psychology Press / Taylor Francis Group.
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Infants with injuries due to complications at birth,
2011:(2nd ed.). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
1721:"Judy Duchan's History of Speech-Language Pathology"
810:
including aeromechanical components of respiration);
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The Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
2888:
70:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2736:"Speech Therapy Wellington | Vocalsaints LTD"
2329:International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
2270:International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
1725:Judy Duchan's History of Speech-Language Pathology
2702:Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools
2539:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
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2123:
2026:"Scope of Practice in Speech–Language Pathology"
775:was founded in 1925, which became ASHA in 1978.
2378:"Neonatal care – Clinical information for SLTs"
2225:Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
1956:
727:regulated by professional bodies including the
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2557:. American Speech–Language–Hearing Association
2245:. American Speech–Language–Hearing Association
1783:. American Speech–Language–Hearing Association
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2683:"The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist"
2577:"Speech Therapy Wellington - Vocalsaints LTD"
2126:American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
1856:Brain injury medicine principles and practice
701:mixed receptive-expressive language disorders
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4105:Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
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2030:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
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729:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
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3079:Topics related to speech–language pathology
3064:Speech-Language Pathologists – O*Net Online
2856:Research on Language and Social Interaction
2818:
1633:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5611:
5597:
5238:Other specified feeding or eating disorder
4505:
4341:
4327:
4039:
4025:
3109:
3095:
2778:Bryan, Karen; Maxim, Jane (January 2002).
2777:
2090:
1928:The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne.
863:) and/or the treatment of individuals who
837:augmentative and alternative communication
668:
654:
152:
2990:
2939:
2853:
2795:
2419:
2291:
2281:
2037:
1904:
1802:Factor, Stewart; Weiner, William (2008).
1670:
1652:
1536:All India Institute of Speech and Hearing
1067:
130:Learn how and when to remove this message
5501:Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia
5097:Depersonalization-derealization disorder
2555:"Telepractice for SLPs and Audiologists"
1826:
1151:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
1133:Children with mild, moderate or severe:
1089:
1039:
723:disorders across the lifespan. It is an
2699:
2166:
1937:The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne
1251:reported in June 2019 that there was a
1110:
1102:
1012:
14:
5851:
3898:Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies
3571:Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS
3007:
2972:
2654:
2239:"ASHA Telepractice Position Statement"
1744:
1718:
1258:
260:Individualized Education Program (IEP)
5592:
5547:
5415:
5350:
5202:
4929:
4774:
4684:
4504:
4365:
4322:
4247:Learning problems in childhood cancer
4020:
3090:
3072:
2508:
2436:
2408:Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
2322:
2052:
2006:
1878:
773:American Academy of Speech Correction
535:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI)
4685:
3749:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
3138:
1957:Bauman-Waengler, Jacqueline (2011).
935:language-based learning disabilities
754:(ASD), often in collaboration with
454:Social Security Disability Insurance
68:adding citations to reliable sources
39:
5204:Physiological and physical behavior
4191:Developmental coordination disorder
2657:Perspectives on School-Based Issues
1522:transgender-specific voice training
1249:Children's Commissioner for England
745:speech and language therapist (SLT)
24:
5812:Australian Journal of Rural Health
5150:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
4544:Emotional and behavioral disorders
3980:Infantile progressive bulbar palsy
3036:Australian Journal of Rural Health
2911:
2821:Journal of Communication Disorders
2446:. World Health Organisation. 2010.
1745:Duchan, Judith (1 December 2002).
1719:Duchan, Judy (16 September 2021).
1311:Specific language impairment (SLI)
1228:
498:Ontario Disability Support Program
25:
5910:
5330:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
3683:Template:Cerebrovascular diseases
3486:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
3042:
2973:Nelson, H. D. (1 February 2006).
1712:
1562:Motor theory of speech perception
1547:Communicative disorders assistant
1396:Cognitive communication disorders
1237:
778:
4630:X-linked intellectual disability
4052:specific developmental disorders
3703:For more detailed coverage, see
3681:For more detailed coverage, see
3652:For more detailed coverage, see
3618:For more detailed coverage, see
3569:For more detailed coverage, see
3074:
2960:. Royal Society Publishing. 2014
2893:. San Diego: Plural Publishing.
1072:
628:
627:
525:National Telecommuting Institute
44:
5799:
4459:Intermittent explosive disorder
4384:Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
2882:
2847:
2812:
2771:
2746:
2728:
2714:10.1044/0161-1461(2011/09-0090)
2693:
2675:
2648:
2620:
2594:
2569:
2547:
2502:
2472:
2450:
2404:"Language disturbances in ADHD"
2370:
2316:
2257:
2231:
2213:
2195:
2160:
2117:
2065:
2055:"Speech and Language Disorders"
2046:
2000:
1975:
1950:
1921:
1172:, including oral motor deficits
55:needs additional citations for
5102:Dissociative identity disorder
4367:Adult personality and behavior
4196:Developmental verbal dyspraxia
4173:Disorder of written expression
4115:Speech and language impairment
2941:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-CA31-7
2602:"Help your baby learn to talk"
2515:Journal of Dentistry Indonesia
2169:Journal of Palliative Medicine
1872:
1847:
1820:
1795:
1777:"Speech–Language Pathologists"
1769:
1738:
1687:
1645:10.1002/14651858.CD000425.pub4
1620:
1380:developmental verbal dyspraxia
1216:Developmental verbal dyspraxia
952:Multi-discipline collaboration
889:) and modifying word meaning (
530:Society for Disability Studies
382:Unlicensed assistive personnel
13:
1:
5859:Speech and language pathology
3996:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
3881:Hereditary spastic paraplegia
3739:Normal pressure hydrocephalus
2833:10.1016/s0021-9924(99)00025-8
2529:(inactive 12 September 2024).
2341:10.1080/17549507.2022.2029942
2283:10.1080/17549507.2018.1395478
2221:"Speech and language therapy"
2053:Weeks, Katie (12 July 2016).
1983:"Speech and Language Therapy"
1885:American Journal of Audiology
1763:10.1044/leader.FTR.07232002.4
1695:"Speech and language therapy"
1613:
1035:young offenders' institutions
1007:auditory processing disorders
919:expressive language disorders
685:speech and language pathology
27:Disability therapy profession
5506:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
5043:Generalized anxiety disorder
4776:Neurological and symptomatic
4421:Sexual relationship disorder
4212:Auditory processing disorder
4110:Specific language impairment
4080:Expressive language disorder
3965:Progressive muscular atrophy
2868:10.1080/08351813.2014.925659
1879:Ching, Teresa Y. C. (2015).
1829:Nursing and Residential Care
1386:Naming difficulties (anomia)
1316:Auditory processing disorder
1295:Hearing loss and impairments
1198:Specific language impairment
982:rehabilitation psychologists
459:Supplemental Security Income
221:Ableism / Disablism
7:
5282:REM sleep behavior disorder
4751:Seasonal affective disorder
4549:Separation anxiety disorder
4217:Sensory processing disorder
3475:Primary progressive aphasia
2138:10.1044/1058-0360(2008/002)
2039:10.1044/policy.SP2016-00343
1841:10.12968/nrec.2012.14.6.282
1528:
1055:
737:speech-language pathologist
474:Disabled students allowance
469:Disability Living Allowance
79:"Speech–language pathology"
18:Speech and language therapy
10:
5915:
5671:Emergency medical services
5549:Symptoms and uncategorized
4650:developmental disabilities
4416:Sexual maturation disorder
3797:Hashimoto's encephalopathy
3503:Posterior cortical atrophy
3324:Striatonigral degeneration
3175:Cavernous sinus thrombosis
2109:(2): 21–23. Archived from
806:, fluency, resonance, and
765:
333:Disability rights movement
29:
5626:
5620:Allied health professions
5554:
5543:
5519:
5511:Simple-type schizophrenia
5488:
5480:Schizophreniform disorder
5457:
5436:
5432:
5411:
5364:
5346:
5315:
5292:
5246:
5213:
5209:
5198:
5120:
5087:
5035:
4978:
4969:
4950:
4946:
4925:
4891:
4858:Mild cognitive impairment
4843:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
4823:
4785:
4781:
4770:
4741:Major depressive disorder
4694:
4680:
4646:Psychological development
4645:
4620:
4517:
4513:
4500:
4429:
4376:
4372:
4361:
4295:
4229:
4204:
4183:
4148:
4065:
4058:
3903:Spinal muscular atrophies
3871:Primary lateral sclerosis
3853:
3830:
3814:
3769:
3729:Intracranial hypertension
3719:
3691:
3662:
3628:
3590:
3579:
3545:
3523:
3509:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
3448:
3258:
3249:
3235:
3195:
3129:
3084:
2932:10.1016/j.tig.2009.03.002
2797:10.1080/13682820110119205
2421:10.1017/S2045796011000527
1427:
1156:Autism spectrum disorders
994:applied behavior analysis
681:Speech–language pathology
479:Disabled Persons Railcard
184:
170:
151:
147:Speech-language pathology
146:
5711:Music and arts therapist
5559:Impulse-control disorder
5475:Schizoaffective disorder
5470:Brief reactive psychosis
5167:Mass psychogenic illness
5130:Body dysmorphic disorder
4909:Post-concussion syndrome
4519:Emotional and behavioral
4262:Multisensory integration
4090:Landau–Kleffner syndrome
3970:Progressive bulbar palsy
3761:Intracranial hypotension
3744:Choroid plexus papilloma
3158:Herpesviral encephalitis
3010:Recovery from stuttering
1897:10.1044/2015_aja-15-0007
1127:difficulties, including
992:, behavior consultants (
752:autism spectrum disorder
725:allied health profession
492:the Severely Handicapped
448:Socioeconomic assistance
358:Sexuality and disability
165:(language comprehension)
161:(speech production) and
5879:Rehabilitation medicine
5869:Health care occupations
5676:Hemodialysis technician
5496:Childhood schizophrenia
4848:Frontotemporal dementia
4805:High-functioning autism
4622:Intellectual disability
3482:Frontotemporal dementia
3168:Encephalitis lethargica
2758:openresearchlibrary.org
2323:Hersh, Deborah (2022).
2007:Cross, Melanie (2011).
1557:List of voice disorders
978:occupational therapists
795:, executive functions);
693:communication disorders
612:Disability in the media
5721:Occupational therapist
5013:Specific social phobia
4904:Organic brain syndrome
4746:Melancholic depression
4507:Childhood and learning
4257:Management of dyslexia
3787:Hepatic encephalopathy
3008:Howell, Peter (2011).
2992:10.1542/peds.2005-1467
2780:"Letter to the Editor"
2687:dyslexiahelp.umich.edu
2181:10.1089/jpm.2004.7.694
1490:Traumatic brain injury
1372:Motor speech disorders
1289:Traumatic brain injury
1211:traumatic brain injury
1187:Craniofacial anomalies
1068:Education and training
1045:
923:speech sound disorders
709:speech sound disorders
602:Disability in the arts
420:Physical accessibility
5771:Respiratory therapist
5706:Medical transcription
5656:Clinical psychologist
5631:Anesthesia technician
5569:Psychomotor agitation
5359:and substance-related
5302:Postpartum depression
5182:Somatization disorder
5068:Acute stress reaction
4833:AIDS dementia complex
4130:Speech sound disorder
3845:Ataxia–telangiectasia
3802:Static encephalopathy
3525:Mitochondrial disease
3363:Spasmodic torticollis
3273:Basal ganglia disease
2527:10.14693/jdi.v4i3.758
1765:– via ASHAWire.
1572:Online speech therapy
1449:Motor neuron diseases
1418:(ear, nose or throat
1323:Physical disabilities
1300:Learning difficulties
1090:Methods of assessment
1043:
348:People-first language
326:Societal implications
5701:Medical technologist
5651:Cardiac physiologist
5564:Klüver–Bucy syndrome
5394:Substance dependence
5307:Postpartum psychosis
4853:Huntington's disease
4635:Lujan–Fryns syndrome
4484:Personality disorder
4308:People with dyslexia
3792:Toxic encephalopathy
3498:Lewy bodies dementia
2113:on 10 November 2013.
1467:Huntington's disease
1391:Dysgraphia, agraphia
1111:Infants and children
1103:Clients and patients
1013:Working environments
1002:cleft lip and palate
415:Orthotics and braces
400:Assistive technology
64:improve this article
5884:Rehabilitation team
5874:Medical terminology
5864:Applied linguistics
5761:Radiation therapist
5736:Pharmacy technician
5444:Delusional disorder
5389:Stimulant psychosis
5379:Physical dependence
5233:Rumination syndrome
5135:Conversion disorder
5112:Psychogenic amnesia
4962:with depressed mood
4960:Adjustment disorder
4863:Parkinson's disease
4838:Alzheimer's disease
4731:Atypical depression
4567:Social functioning
4442:Munchausen syndrome
4437:Factitious disorder
4303:Dyslexia in fiction
4277:Reading acquisition
4150:Learning disability
3840:Friedreich's ataxia
3223:Meningoencephalitis
3163:Limbic encephalitis
2468:on 27 October 2011.
1542:Applied linguistics
1484:Parkinson's disease
1455:Alzheimer's disease
1433:Adults with aphasia
1259:Children and adults
1165:Developmental delay
974:nurse practitioners
831:language processing
376:Personal assistance
283:Learning disability
5463:schizophrenia-like
5107:Dissociative fugue
4556:Movement disorders
3876:Pseudobulbar palsy
3614:Status epilepticus
3565:Multiple sclerosis
3402:Myoclonic epilepsy
3265:movement disorders
3211:Acute disseminated
3153:Viral encephalitis
2920:Trends in Genetics
2669:10.1044/sbi10.2.38
2608:. 21 December 2017
2509:Ogata, Y. (1997).
2490:on 5 December 2004
1587:Speech acquisition
1478:Multiple sclerosis
1046:
490:Assured Income for
5889:Special education
5824:10.1111/ajr.12680
5795:
5794:
5789:
5788:
5696:Medical physicist
5686:Medical assistant
5681:Massage therapist
5636:Aquatic therapist
5586:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5407:
5406:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5083:
5082:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4878:Vascular dementia
4800:Asperger syndrome
4766:
4765:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4610:Tourette syndrome
4496:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4316:
4315:
4237:Dyslexia research
4225:
4224:
4140:Tip of the tongue
4095:Language disorder
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
3810:
3809:
3715:
3714:
3654:Template:Headache
3620:Template:Epilepsy
3541:
3540:
3515:Vascular dementia
3358:Status dystonicus
3231:
3230:
3206:Encephalomyelitis
3019:978-1-84872-916-2
2484:www.ninds.nih.gov
2462:www.nidcd.nih.gov
1987:CerebralPalsy.org
1607:Speech repetition
1602:Speech processing
1597:Speech perception
1170:Feeding disorders
1160:Asperger syndrome
1146:DiGeorge syndrome
946:feeding disorders
927:apraxia of speech
925:, (iv) childhood
713:speech disfluency
678:
677:
435:Web accessibility
395:Accessible toilet
278:Special education
216:Disability theory
209:Theory and models
195:
194:
140:
139:
132:
114:
16:(Redirected from
5906:
5844:
5843:
5803:
5781:Speech therapist
5661:Dental hygienist
5641:Athletic trainer
5613:
5606:
5599:
5590:
5589:
5545:
5544:
5434:
5433:
5413:
5412:
5348:
5347:
5223:Anorexia nervosa
5211:
5210:
5200:
5199:
5177:Psychogenic pain
5145:Globus pharyngis
4993:Childhood phobia
4976:
4975:
4948:
4947:
4927:
4926:
4783:
4782:
4772:
4771:
4682:
4681:
4581:Selective mutism
4532:Conduct disorder
4515:
4514:
4502:
4501:
4479:Trichotillomania
4454:Gender dysphoria
4449:Fear of intimacy
4406:Sexual anhedonia
4374:
4373:
4363:
4362:
4350:Mental disorders
4343:
4336:
4329:
4320:
4319:
4085:Infantile speech
4067:Speech, language
4063:
4062:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4018:
4017:
3828:
3827:
3819:
3818:
3777:Brain herniation
3588:
3587:
3428:Intention tremor
3423:Essential tremor
3288:Postencephalitic
3256:
3255:
3247:
3246:
3136:
3135:
3117:Diseases of the
3111:
3104:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3078:
3070:
3069:
3031:
3004:
2994:
2985:(2): e298–e319.
2969:
2967:
2965:
2953:
2943:
2905:
2904:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2799:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2530:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2486:. Archived from
2476:
2470:
2469:
2464:. Archived from
2454:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2295:
2285:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2203:"Health Careers"
2199:
2193:
2192:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1908:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1656:
1624:
1582:Origin of speech
1567:Neurolinguistics
1328:Speech disorders
1253:postcode lottery
670:
663:
656:
631:
630:
571:Paralympic Games
566:Special Olympics
430:Universal design
353:Pejorative terms
197:
196:
188:edit on Wikidata
180:
156:
144:
143:
135:
128:
124:
121:
115:
113:
72:
48:
40:
21:
5914:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5746:Physiotherapist
5622:
5617:
5587:
5578:
5550:
5531:
5515:
5484:
5462:
5453:
5428:
5403:
5360:
5357:substance abuse
5334:
5311:
5288:
5242:
5228:Bulimia nervosa
5205:
5186:
5162:Hypochondriasis
5157:False pregnancy
5140:Ganser syndrome
5122:Somatic symptom
5116:
5079:
5031:
5020:Specific phobia
4965:
4942:
4913:
4887:
4819:
4815:Savant syndrome
4787:Autism spectrum
4777:
4762:
4690:
4668:
4647:
4641:
4616:
4509:
4488:
4464:Dermatillomania
4425:
4411:Sexual anorexia
4368:
4357:
4347:
4317:
4312:
4291:
4267:Neuropsychology
4221:
4200:
4179:
4144:
4120:Speech disorder
4070:
4054:
4045:
4015:
4002:
3928:Congenital DSMA
3849:
3806:
3765:
3711:
3699:Sleep disorders
3687:
3664:Cerebrovascular
3658:
3624:
3581:
3575:
3537:
3519:
3444:
3390:Choreoathetosis
3263:
3240:
3227:
3191:
3125:
3115:
3080:
3045:
3020:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2914:
2912:Further reading
2909:
2908:
2901:
2887:
2883:
2852:
2848:
2817:
2813:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2698:
2694:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2532:
2531:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2491:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2321:
2317:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2165:
2161:
2122:
2118:
2105:(in Romanian).
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2051:
2047:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1852:
1848:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1751:The ASHA Leader
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1639:(6): CD000425.
1625:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1531:
1520:Adults seeking
1430:
1425:
1357:Voice disorders
1261:
1240:
1231:
1113:
1105:
1092:
1075:
1070:
1058:
1015:
954:
793:problem-solving
781:
768:
705:voice disorders
674:
643:
617:
616:
597:
587:
586:
585:
560:
550:
549:
520:
519:
503:
502:
494:
491:
449:
441:
440:
439:
405:Assisted living
377:
369:
368:
367:
327:
319:
318:
317:
297:
289:
288:
287:
250:
242:
241:
240:
210:
191:
176:
166:
163:Wernicke's area
136:
125:
119:
116:
73:
71:
61:
49:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5912:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5846:
5845:
5797:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5616:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5593:
5584:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5438:
5430:
5429:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5384:Rebound effect
5381:
5376:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5325:Hypersexuality
5321:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5264:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5219:
5217:
5207:
5206:
5196:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5132:
5126:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5060:
5058:Panic disorder
5055:
5050:
5045:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5025:Claustrophobia
5017:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5008:Anthropophobia
5000:
4998:Social anxiety
4995:
4990:
4984:
4982:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4956:
4954:
4944:
4943:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4868:Pick's disease
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4829:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4779:
4778:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4655:
4653:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4511:
4510:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4370:
4369:
4359:
4358:
4354:Classification
4346:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4323:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4287:Writing system
4284:
4279:
4274:
4272:Neurodiversity
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4230:Related topics
4227:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4044:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4021:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3900:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3859:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3825:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3756:Cerebral edema
3753:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3725:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3705:Template:Sleep
3695:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3533:Leigh syndrome
3529:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3269:
3267:
3260:Extrapyramidal
3253:
3244:
3242:encephalopathy
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3202:
3200:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3144:
3142:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3119:nervous system
3114:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3043:External links
3041:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3018:
3005:
2970:
2954:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2881:
2862:(3): 219–238.
2846:
2811:
2790:(2): 215–222.
2770:
2745:
2727:
2708:(3): 241–245.
2692:
2674:
2647:
2636:. 11 June 2019
2619:
2593:
2568:
2546:
2501:
2471:
2449:
2435:
2414:(4): 311–315.
2394:
2369:
2335:(5): 449–459.
2315:
2276:(1): 128–132.
2256:
2230:
2212:
2207:Health Careers
2194:
2175:(5): 694–702.
2159:
2116:
2089:
2064:
2045:
2014:
1999:
1974:
1967:
1949:
1920:
1891:(3): 345–348.
1871:
1864:
1846:
1835:(6): 282–286.
1819:
1812:
1794:
1768:
1737:
1711:
1686:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1592:Speech Buddies
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1413:
1411:Tracheostomies
1408:
1406:Laryngectomies
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1369:
1367:Language delay
1364:
1354:
1349:
1335:
1332:oral dyspraxia
1325:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1297:
1292:
1282:
1280:Cerebral palsy
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1239:
1238:United Kingdom
1236:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1193:Language delay
1190:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1162:
1153:
1148:
1131:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1091:
1088:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1057:
1054:
1014:
1011:
953:
950:
911:
910:
907:
904:
901:
894:
883:
876:
854:
853:
850:
843:
840:
834:
811:
796:
789:
780:
779:The profession
777:
767:
764:
676:
675:
673:
672:
665:
658:
650:
647:
646:
645:
644:
642:
641:
636:
624:
619:
618:
615:
614:
609:
607:Disability art
604:
598:
593:
592:
589:
588:
584:
583:
581:Invictus Games
578:
573:
568:
562:
561:
556:
555:
552:
551:
548:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
521:
518:
517:
514:
510:
509:
508:
505:
504:
501:
500:
495:
488:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
464:Ticket to Work
461:
456:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
390:
389:
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
366:
365:
363:Women's health
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
329:
328:
325:
324:
321:
320:
316:
315:
310:
305:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
286:
285:
280:
275:
273:Special school
270:
264:
263:
262:
257:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
239:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
193:
192:
185:
182:
181:
174:
168:
167:
157:
149:
148:
138:
137:
52:
50:
43:
33:Speech Therapy
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5911:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5802:
5798:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5776:Social worker
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5756:Public health
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5691:Medical coder
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5614:
5609:
5607:
5602:
5600:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5546:
5542:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5489:Schizophrenia
5487:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5460:
5456:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5418:Schizophrenia
5414:
5410:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5369:Drug overdose
5367:
5366:
5363:
5358:
5354:
5349:
5345:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5317:Sexual desire
5314:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5245:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5201:
5197:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5003:Social phobia
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4938:-related and
4937:
4933:
4928:
4924:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4773:
4769:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4679:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4644:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4503:
4499:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
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4404:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4364:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4339:
4337:
4332:
4330:
4325:
4324:
4321:
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4304:
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4300:
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4288:
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4280:
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4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
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4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:Learning Ally
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
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4106:
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4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4072:communication
4068:
4064:
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4057:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4019:
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3994:
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3992:
3989:
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3947:
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3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
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3905:
3904:
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3899:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3879:
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3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3782:Reye syndrome
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Hydrocephalus
3732:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3661:
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3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3593:
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3578:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3547:Demyelinating
3544:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3435:Restless legs
3433:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3373:Blepharospasm
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3329:Hemiballismus
3327:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3194:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:Brain abscess
3178:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2926:(4): 166–77.
2925:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2902:
2900:9781597564700
2896:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2759:
2755:
2754:"BiblioBoard"
2749:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2723:
2719:
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2711:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2670:
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2607:
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2597:
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2427:
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2279:
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2244:
2240:
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2226:
2222:
2216:
2208:
2204:
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2190:
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2182:
2178:
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2163:
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2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
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2112:
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2104:
2100:
2093:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2003:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1970:
1968:9780132719957
1964:
1960:
1953:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1867:
1865:9781617050572
1861:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1813:9781933864006
1809:
1805:
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1772:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
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1682:
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1660:
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1600:
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1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
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1550:
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1537:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:Mental health
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1270:Neonatal care
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1235:
1229:United States
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:Cranial nerve
1174:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1142:Down syndrome
1139:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1073:United States
1065:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
949:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
908:
905:
902:
899:
895:
892:
888:
884:
881:
877:
874:
870:
869:
868:
866:
862:
857:
851:
848:
847:voice therapy
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
809:
805:
801:
797:
794:
790:
787:
786:
785:
776:
774:
763:
761:
760:psychologists
757:
756:pediatricians
753:
749:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
671:
666:
664:
659:
657:
652:
651:
649:
648:
640:
637:
635:
626:
625:
623:
622:
621:
620:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
596:
591:
590:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
559:
554:
553:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
516:Organizations
515:
512:
511:
507:
506:
499:
496:
493:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
445:
444:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
387:
383:
380:
379:
373:
372:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
343:Normalization
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
323:
322:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
293:
292:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
268:Special needs
266:
265:
261:
258:
256:
255:Mainstreaming
253:
252:
246:
245:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
226:Medical model
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
206:
205:
202:
199:
198:
189:
183:
179:
175:
173:
169:
164:
160:
155:
150:
145:
142:
134:
131:
123:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81: –
80:
76:
75:Find sources:
69:
65:
59:
58:
53:This article
51:
47:
42:
41:
36:
34:
19:
5894:Vocal skills
5818:(1): 61–70.
5815:
5811:
5801:
5780:
5766:Radiographer
5741:Phlebotomist
5716:Nutritionist
5449:Folie à deux
5374:Intoxication
5355:substances,
5353:Psychoactive
5272:Night terror
5089:Dissociative
5053:Panic attack
4605:Tic disorder
4125:Speech error
4050:and related
3990:
3889:
3862:
3823:Degenerative
3560:Inflammatory
3507:
3440:Stiff-person
3278:Parkinsonism
3251:Degenerative
3148:Encephalitis
3131:Inflammation
3121:, primarily
3035:
3009:
2982:
2978:
2962:. Retrieved
2923:
2919:
2890:
2884:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2827:(1): 59–88.
2824:
2820:
2814:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2757:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2663:(2): 38–44.
2660:
2656:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2631:
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2605:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2580:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2549:
2535:cite journal
2521:(3): 46–47.
2518:
2514:
2504:
2492:. Retrieved
2488:the original
2483:
2474:
2466:the original
2461:
2452:
2438:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2387:23 September
2385:. Retrieved
2381:
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2332:
2328:
2318:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2247:. Retrieved
2242:
2233:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2111:the original
2106:
2102:
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2076:
2067:
2058:
2048:
2029:
2008:
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1986:
1977:
1958:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:
1923:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1855:
1849:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1803:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1780:
1771:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:
1689:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1577:Oral myology
1508:laryngectomy
1473:Hearing loss
1241:
1232:
1221:Cleft palate
1182:Hearing loss
1158:, including
1138:cleft palate
1106:
1097:
1093:
1076:
1062:
1059:
1050:
1047:
1016:
958:audiologists
955:
939:
912:
860:
858:
855:
804:articulation
782:
769:
747:
744:
740:
736:
695:, including
688:
684:
680:
679:
540:Visitability
484:Freedom Pass
410:Mobility aid
312:
308:Occupational
236:Other models
231:Social model
159:Broca's area
141:
126:
120:January 2024
117:
107:
100:
93:
86:
74:
62:Please help
57:verification
54:
32:
5751:Prosthetist
5726:Optometrist
5646:Audiologist
5422:schizotypal
5257:Hypersomnia
5247:Nonorganic
4988:Agoraphobia
4719:Cyclothymia
4714:Bipolar NOS
4689:(affective)
4561:Stereotypic
4469:Kleptomania
4163:Dyscalculia
3975:Fazio–Londe
3815:Both/either
3609:Generalised
3468:Early-onset
3463:Alzheimer's
3198:spinal cord
2964:31 December
2740:VocalSaints
2612:19 December
2586:19 December
2581:Vocalsaints
2561:19 December
2132:(1): 4–18.
1285:Head injury
1273:Respiratory
1266:Puberphonia
1204:vocalic /r/
933:, and (vi)
929:(CAS), (v)
735:known as a
576:Deaflympics
425:Prosthetics
5853:Categories
5574:Stereotypy
5437:Delusional
5426:delusional
5399:Withdrawal
5267:Parasomnia
5172:Nosophobia
4952:Adjustment
4940:somatoform
4873:Sundowning
4726:Depression
4709:Bipolar II
4598:Stuttering
4593:Cluttering
4389:Paraphilia
4168:Dysgraphia
4135:Stuttering
4059:Conditions
3583:paroxysmal
3555:Autoimmune
3348:Dyskinesia
3218:Meningitis
3196:Brain and
2979:Pediatrics
2763:25 October
2494:15 January
2362:10 October
2293:10344/7789
1704:27 January
1654:1893/26112
1614:References
1401:Pragmatics
1376:dysarthria
1346:disfluency
1342:stuttering
1338:Stammering
1302:including
1209:Pediatric
1206:and lisps)
1125:swallowing
986:dietitians
962:physicians
931:stuttering
891:morphology
880:pragmatics
819:morphology
813:language (
721:swallowing
697:expressive
689:logopedics
634:Disability
558:Parasports
201:Disability
90:newspapers
5832:1038-5282
5731:Orthotist
5666:Dietitian
5527:Catatonia
5459:Psychosis
5294:Postnatal
5277:Nightmare
4883:Wandering
4736:Dysthymia
4704:Bipolar I
4659:Pervasive
4474:Pyromania
4399:Voyeurism
4394:Fetishism
3580:Episodic/
3458:Tauopathy
3409:Akathisia
3397:Myoclonus
3380:Athetosis
3312:Tauopathy
3028:814245820
2876:143521296
2357:246902770
2059:Speech SF
1730:3 October
1663:1469-493X
1438:dysphagia
1361:dysphonia
1330:(such as
1129:dysphagia
1019:hospitals
990:educators
942:dysphagia
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