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1250:; £291.65 a year per head was spent on services in some areas, while the budget in some areas was £30.94 or less. In 2018, 193,971 children in English primary schools were on the special educational needs register needing speech-therapy services. Speech and language therapists work in acute settings and are often integrated into the MDT in multiple areas of speciality for neonatal, children and adult services. Areas include but not limited to; neonatal care, respiratory, ENT, gastrointestinal, stroke, Neurology,ICU, oncology and geriatric care
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trained to use a cognitive neuropsychological approach to assessment, to precisely determine what aspect of communication is impaired. Some therapists use assessments that are based on historic anatomical models of language, that have since been shown to be unreliable. These tools are often preferred by therapists working within a medical model, where medics request a 'type' of impairment, and a 'severity' rating. The broad tools available allow clinicians to precisely select the aspect of communication that they wish to assess.
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Teleconferencing tools such as Skype are being used more commonly as a means to access remote locations in private therapy practice, such as in the geographically diverse south island of New
Zealand. More at-home or combination treatments have become readily available to address specific types of articulation disorders. The use of mobile applications in speech therapy is also growing as an avenue to bring treatment into the home.
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treat the diagnoses or address the needs. Speech/language services begin with initial screening for communication and/or swallowing disorders and continue with assessment and diagnosis, consultation for the provision of advice regarding management, intervention, and treatment, and providing counseling and other followup services for these disorders. Services are provided in the following areas:
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speech- and language-therapy teams, usually after referral by health visitors or education settings, but parents are also entitled to request an assessment directly. If treatment is appropriate, an educational plan will be drawn up. Speech therapists often play a role in multi-disciplinary teams when
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In the United States, speech–language pathologists must hold a master's degree from an ASHA-accredited program. Following graduation and passing a nation-wide board exam, SLPs typically begin their
Clinical Fellowship Year, during which they are granted a provisional license and receive guidance from
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Children with speech, language, and communication needs (SLCN) are particularly at risk of not being heard because of communication challenges. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can explain the significance of supporting communication as a tool for the child to shape and influence choices available
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Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide a wide range of services, mainly on an individual basis, but also as support for families, support groups, and providing information for the general public. SLPs work to assess levels of communication needs, make diagnoses based on the assessments, and then
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Many approaches exist to assess language, communication, speech and swallowing. Two main aspects of assessment can be to determine the extent of breakdown (impairment-level), or how communication can be supported (functional level). When evaluating impairment-based level of breakdown, therapists are
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Experimental, empirical, and scientific methodologies that build on hypothesis testing and logical, deductive reasoning have dominated research in speech-language pathology. Other types of research in the field are complemented by qualitative research, which has also led to new insights, techniques,
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The development of speech-language pathology into a profession took different paths in the various regions of the world. Three identifiable trends influenced the evolution of speech-language pathology in the United States during the late 19th century to early 20th century: the elocution movement,
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Because school-based speech therapy is run under state guidelines and funds, the process of assessment and qualification is more strict. To qualify for in-school speech therapy, students must meet the state's criteria on language testing and speech standardization. Due to such requirements, some
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often requires multidisciplinary collaboration. Speech–language pathologists can be very beneficial in helping resolve speech problems associated with cleft lip and palate. Research has indicated that children who receive early language intervention are less likely to develop compensatory error
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In the US, some children are eligible to receive speech therapy services, including assessment and lessons through the public school system. If not, private therapy is readily available through personal lessons with a qualified speech–language pathologist or the growing field of telepractice.
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to them in their lives, even though it is advised that children with SLCN can and should be actively involved as equal partners in decision-making about their communication needs. Building these skills is especially crucial for SLPs working in settings related to traditional education.
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their supervisor. At the end of this process, SLPs may choose to apply for ASHA's
Certificate of Clinical Competence and apply for full state licensure. SLPs may additionally choose to earn advanced degrees such as a clinical doctorate in speech–language pathology,
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students may not be assessed in an efficient time frame or their needs may be undermined by criteria. For a private clinic, students are more likely to qualify for therapy because it is a paid service with more availability.
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A common misconception is that speech–language pathology is restricted to the treatment of articulation disorders (e.g., helping
English-speaking individuals enunciate the traditionally difficult
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Speech, language, and swallowing disorders result from a variety of causes, such as a stroke, brain injury, hearing loss, developmental delay, a cleft palate, cerebral palsy, or emotional issues.
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swallowing or other upper aerodigestive functions such as infant feeding and aeromechanical events (evaluation of esophageal function is for the purpose of referral to medical professionals);
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Word-finding and other semantic issues, either as a result of a specific language impairment (SLI) such as a language delay or as a secondary characteristic of a more general issue such as
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but, in fact, speech–language pathology is concerned with a broad scope of speech, language, literacy, swallowing, and voice issues involved in communication, some of which include:
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Following ASHA's 2005 approval of the delivery of speech/language services via video conference or telepractice, SLPs in the United States have begun to use this service model.
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2953:"Discussion Meeting Issue 'Language in developmental and acquired disorders: converging evidence for models of language representation in the brain' - Table of Contents"
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Premature infants are at higher risk of feeding and later language needs and SLTS work with this cohort to prevent developmental difficulties and support neonatal care
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Voice difficulties, such as a raspy voice, a voice that is too soft, or other voice difficulties that negatively impact a person's social or professional performance.
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Schulz, Geralyn M; Grant, Megan K (January 2000). "Effects of speech therapy and pharmacologic and surgical treatments on voice and speech in
Parkinson's disease".
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patterns later in life, although speech therapy outcomes are usually better when surgical treatment is performed earlier. Another area of collaboration relates to
1004:, where SLPs can collaborate in assessments and provide intervention where there is evidence of speech, language, and/or other cognitive-communication disorders.
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SLPs collaborate with other health care professionals, often working as part of a multidisciplinary team. They can provide information and referrals to
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to be especially helpful with certain patient populations; individuals with
Parkinson's Disease often develop voice issues as a result of their disease.
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Richard, Gail J. (July 2011). "The Role of the Speech–Language
Pathologist in Identifying and Treating Children With Auditory Processing Disorder".
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110:
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voice (hoarseness, dysphonia), poor vocal volume (hypophonia), abnormal (e.g., rough, breathy, strained) vocal quality. Research demonstrates
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Swallowing disorders include difficulties in any phase of the swallowing process (i.e., oral, pharyngeal, esophageal), as well as functional
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Ritter, Michaela J. (June 2009). "The Speech–Language
Pathologist and Reading: Opportunities to Extend Services for the Children We Serve".
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824:, and pragmatic/social aspects of communication) including comprehension and expression in oral, written, graphic, and manual modalities;
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Wilkinson, Ray (3 July 2014). "Intervening With
Conversation Analysis in Speech and Language Therapy: Improving Aphasic Conversation".
1020:, and home healthcare. SLPs may also work as part of the support structure in the education system, working in both public and private
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3922:
2970:"Screening for Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Systematic Evidence Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force"
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SLPs conduct research related to communication sciences and disorders, swallowing disorders, or other upper aerodigestive functions.
17:
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DeBonis, David A.; Moncrieff, Deborah (February 2008). "Auditory
Processing Disorders: An Update for Speech–Language Pathologists".
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Literacy impairments (reading and writing) related to the letter-to-sound relationship (phonics), the word-to-meaning relationship (
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Zasler, Nathan D.; Katz, Douglas I.; Zafonte, Ross D.; Arciniegas, David B.; Bullock, M. Ross; Kreutzer, Jeffrey S., eds. (2013).
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2096:[Speech therapy — criteria for determining the time of the surgical operation in surgery of labio-palato-velars cleft].
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Janes, Tina Leann; Zupan, Barbra; Signal, Tania (2021–02). "Community awareness of speech pathology: A regional perspective".
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2439:"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) Version for 2010"
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scientific revolution, and the rise of professionalism. Groups of "speech correctionists" formed in the early 1900s. The
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Cognitive impairments (e.g. attention, memory, executive function) to the extent that they interfere with communication.
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2320:"New perspectives, theory, method, and practice: Qualitative research and innovation in speech-language pathology"
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Children with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties and communication problems: there is always a reason
1876:"Is early intervention effective in improving spoken language outcomes of children with congenital hearing loss?"
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and research methods as well as new approaches in ways that are responsive to our customers and communities.
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Speech–language pathologists work with clients and patients who may present with a wide range of issues.
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Voice and Communication Therapy for the Transgender/Transsexual Client: A Comprehensive Clinical Guide
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Pollens, Robin (October 2004). "Role of the Speech–Language Pathologist in Palliative Hospice Care".
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686:) is a healthcare and academic discipline concerning the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of
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Fisher, S. E.; Scharff, C. (April 2009). "FOXP2 as a molecular window into speech and language".
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726:(ASHA) and Speech Pathology Australia. The field of speech-language pathology is practiced by a
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Genetic disorders that adversely affect speech, language and/or cognitive development including
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2475:"Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)"
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sensory awareness related to communication, swallowing, or other upper aerodigestive functions.
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Adults recovering from significant tumors in the bronchus, lung, oropharynx, breast, and brain
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Adults with mild, moderate, or severe eating, feeding and swallowing difficulties, including
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SLPs work in a variety of clinical and educational settings. SLPs work in public and private
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347:
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Brady, Marian C.; Kelly, Helen; Godwin, Jon; Enderby, Pam; Campbell, Pauline (1 June 2016).
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Social communication difficulties involving how people communicate or interact with others (
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Progressive neurological conditions such as cancer of the head, neck and throat (including
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as dictated by the individual client's needs. For example, the treatment for patients with
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Language impairments, including difficulties creating sentences that are grammatical (
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Specific difficulties in producing sounds, called articulation disorders, (including
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American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (ASHA) – Communication for a Lifetime
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Richards, Emma (June 2012). "Communication and swallowing problems after stroke".
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1956:(4th ed., International ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education. pp. 378–385.
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943:. Swallowing disorders can occur at any age and can stem from multiple causes.
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SLPs also play an important role in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of
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a child has speech delay or disorder as part of a wider health condition. The
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1742:"What Do You Know About Your Profession's History? And Why Is It Important?"
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Adults with mild, moderate, or severe language difficulties as a result of:
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2261:"Advancing the human rights of children with communication needs in school"
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834:(AAC) for individuals with severe language and communication impairments;
828:; preliteracy and language-based literacy skills, phonological awareness;
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Developmental language and early feeding neurodevelopment and prevention;
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1853:(2nd ed.). New York: Demos Medical. pp. 1086–1104, 1111–1117.
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Some SLPs' working environments include one-on-one time with the client.
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language impairments, and social communication difficulties, as well as
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2506:"The Speech Therapy of Cleft Palate Patients as an Oral Rehabilitation"
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Bellani, M.; Moretti, A.; Perlini, C.; Brambilla, P. (December 2011).
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30:"Speech therapy" redirects here. For the album by Speech Debelle, see
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932:. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) work with people of all ages.
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Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED)
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that adversely affect speech, language and/or cognitive development
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Frățilă, Mihaela; Urtilă, Emil; Ștefănescu, Maria (October 2011).
5803:"Community awareness of speech pathology: A regional perspective"
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Janes, Tina Leann; Zupan, Barbra; Signal, Tania (February 2021).
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International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
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Gallagher, Aoife L.; Tancredi, Haley; Graham, Linda J. (2018).
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Adler, Richard K.; Hirsch, Sandy; Mordaunt, Michelle (2012).
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2453:"Autism and Communication [NIDCD Health Information]"
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Primary pediatric speech and language disorders include: (i)
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cognitive aspects of communication (e.g., attention, memory,
2068:"Who Are Speech–Language Pathologists, and What Do They Do?"
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Parent, caregiver, and other communication partner coaching.
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National Institutes of Health – Voice, Speech, and Language
1954:
Articulatory and phonological impairments: a clinical focus
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In the UK, children are entitled to an assessment by local
1801:(2nd ed.). Demos Medical Publishing. pp. 77–83.
1624:"Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke"
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or providing expert testimony in applicable court cases.
2623:"Postcode lottery for speech therapy, says commissioner"
2098:
Revista de chirurgie oro-maxilo-facială și implantologie
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Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis & clinical management
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List of university speech–language pathology departments
1519:, including voice feminization and voice masculinization
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1925:"Developmental Delay: An Information Guide for Parents"
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3007:. New York: Psychology Press / Taylor Francis Group.
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Infants with injuries due to complications at birth,
2006:(2nd ed.). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
1716:"Judy Duchan's History of Speech-Language Pathology"
805:
including aeromechanical components of respiration);
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The Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
2883:
70:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4361:
2731:"Speech Therapy Wellington | Vocalsaints LTD"
2324:International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
2265:International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
1720:Judy Duchan's History of Speech-Language Pathology
2697:Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools
2534:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
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2118:
2021:"Scope of Practice in Speech–Language Pathology"
770:was founded in 1925, which became ASHA in 1978.
2373:"Neonatal care – Clinical information for SLTs"
2220:Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
1951:
722:regulated by professional bodies including the
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2552:. American Speech–Language–Hearing Association
2240:. American Speech–Language–Hearing Association
1778:. American Speech–Language–Hearing Association
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2678:"The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist"
2572:"Speech Therapy Wellington - Vocalsaints LTD"
2121:American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
1851:Brain injury medicine principles and practice
696:mixed receptive-expressive language disorders
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4100:Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
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2025:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
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724:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
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3074:Topics related to speech–language pathology
3059:Speech-Language Pathologists – O*Net Online
2851:Research on Language and Social Interaction
2813:
1628:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5606:
5592:
5233:Other specified feeding or eating disorder
4500:
4336:
4322:
4034:
4020:
3104:
3090:
2773:Bryan, Karen; Maxim, Jane (January 2002).
2772:
2085:
1923:The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne.
858:) and/or the treatment of individuals who
832:augmentative and alternative communication
663:
649:
152:
2985:
2934:
2848:
2790:
2414:
2286:
2276:
2032:
1899:
1797:Factor, Stewart; Weiner, William (2008).
1665:
1647:
1531:All India Institute of Speech and Hearing
1062:
130:Learn how and when to remove this message
5496:Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia
5092:Depersonalization-derealization disorder
2550:"Telepractice for SLPs and Audiologists"
1821:
1146:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
1128:Children with mild, moderate or severe:
1084:
1034:
718:disorders across the lifespan. It is an
2694:
2161:
1932:The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne
1246:reported in June 2019 that there was a
1105:
1097:
1007:
14:
5846:
3893:Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies
3566:Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS
3002:
2967:
2649:
2234:"ASHA Telepractice Position Statement"
1739:
1713:
1253:
260:Individualized Education Program (IEP)
5587:
5542:
5410:
5345:
5197:
4924:
4769:
4679:
4499:
4360:
4317:
4242:Learning problems in childhood cancer
4015:
3085:
3067:
2503:
2431:
2403:Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
2317:
2047:
2001:
1873:
768:American Academy of Speech Correction
530:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI)
4680:
3744:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
3133:
1952:Bauman-Waengler, Jacqueline (2011).
930:language-based learning disabilities
749:(ASD), often in collaboration with
454:Social Security Disability Insurance
68:adding citations to reliable sources
39:
5199:Physiological and physical behavior
4186:Developmental coordination disorder
2652:Perspectives on School-Based Issues
1517:transgender-specific voice training
1244:Children's Commissioner for England
740:speech and language therapist (SLT)
24:
5807:Australian Journal of Rural Health
5145:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
4539:Emotional and behavioral disorders
3975:Infantile progressive bulbar palsy
3031:Australian Journal of Rural Health
2906:
2816:Journal of Communication Disorders
2441:. World Health Organisation. 2010.
1740:Duchan, Judith (1 December 2002).
1714:Duchan, Judy (16 September 2021).
1306:Specific language impairment (SLI)
1223:
25:
5905:
5325:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
3678:Template:Cerebrovascular diseases
3481:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
3037:
2968:Nelson, H. D. (1 February 2006).
1707:
1557:Motor theory of speech perception
1542:Communicative disorders assistant
1391:Cognitive communication disorders
1232:
773:
4625:X-linked intellectual disability
4047:specific developmental disorders
3698:For more detailed coverage, see
3676:For more detailed coverage, see
3647:For more detailed coverage, see
3613:For more detailed coverage, see
3564:For more detailed coverage, see
3069:
2955:. Royal Society Publishing. 2014
2888:. San Diego: Plural Publishing.
1067:
623:
622:
520:National Telecommuting Institute
44:
5794:
4454:Intermittent explosive disorder
4379:Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
2877:
2842:
2807:
2766:
2741:
2723:
2709:10.1044/0161-1461(2011/09-0090)
2688:
2670:
2643:
2615:
2589:
2564:
2542:
2497:
2467:
2445:
2399:"Language disturbances in ADHD"
2365:
2311:
2252:
2226:
2208:
2190:
2155:
2112:
2060:
2050:"Speech and Language Disorders"
2041:
1995:
1970:
1945:
1916:
1167:, including oral motor deficits
55:needs additional citations for
5097:Dissociative identity disorder
4362:Adult personality and behavior
4191:Developmental verbal dyspraxia
4168:Disorder of written expression
4110:Speech and language impairment
2936:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-CA31-7
2597:"Help your baby learn to talk"
2510:Journal of Dentistry Indonesia
2164:Journal of Palliative Medicine
1867:
1842:
1815:
1790:
1772:"Speech–Language Pathologists"
1764:
1733:
1682:
1640:10.1002/14651858.CD000425.pub4
1615:
1375:developmental verbal dyspraxia
1211:Developmental verbal dyspraxia
947:Multi-discipline collaboration
884:) and modifying word meaning (
525:Society for Disability Studies
382:Unlicensed assistive personnel
13:
1:
5854:Speech and language pathology
3991:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
3876:Hereditary spastic paraplegia
3734:Normal pressure hydrocephalus
2828:10.1016/s0021-9924(99)00025-8
2524:(inactive 12 September 2024).
2336:10.1080/17549507.2022.2029942
2278:10.1080/17549507.2018.1395478
2216:"Speech and language therapy"
2048:Weeks, Katie (12 July 2016).
1978:"Speech and Language Therapy"
1880:American Journal of Audiology
1758:10.1044/leader.FTR.07232002.4
1690:"Speech and language therapy"
1608:
1030:young offenders' institutions
1002:auditory processing disorders
914:expressive language disorders
680:speech and language pathology
27:Disability therapy profession
5501:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
5038:Generalized anxiety disorder
4771:Neurological and symptomatic
4416:Sexual relationship disorder
4207:Auditory processing disorder
4105:Specific language impairment
4075:Expressive language disorder
3960:Progressive muscular atrophy
2863:10.1080/08351813.2014.925659
1874:Ching, Teresa Y. C. (2015).
1824:Nursing and Residential Care
1381:Naming difficulties (anomia)
1311:Auditory processing disorder
1290:Hearing loss and impairments
1193:Specific language impairment
977:rehabilitation psychologists
459:Supplemental Security Income
221:Ableism / Disablism
7:
5277:REM sleep behavior disorder
4746:Seasonal affective disorder
4544:Separation anxiety disorder
4212:Sensory processing disorder
3470:Primary progressive aphasia
2133:10.1044/1058-0360(2008/002)
2034:10.1044/policy.SP2016-00343
1836:10.12968/nrec.2012.14.6.282
1523:
1050:
732:speech-language pathologist
474:Disabled students allowance
469:Disability Living Allowance
79:"Speech–language pathology"
10:
5910:
5666:Emergency medical services
5544:Symptoms and uncategorized
4645:developmental disabilities
4411:Sexual maturation disorder
3792:Hashimoto's encephalopathy
3498:Posterior cortical atrophy
3319:Striatonigral degeneration
3170:Cavernous sinus thrombosis
2104:(2): 21–23. Archived from
801:, fluency, resonance, and
760:
333:Disability rights movement
29:
5621:
5615:Allied health professions
5549:
5538:
5514:
5506:Simple-type schizophrenia
5483:
5475:Schizophreniform disorder
5452:
5431:
5427:
5406:
5359:
5341:
5310:
5287:
5241:
5208:
5204:
5193:
5115:
5082:
5030:
4973:
4964:
4945:
4941:
4920:
4886:
4853:Mild cognitive impairment
4838:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
4818:
4780:
4776:
4765:
4736:Major depressive disorder
4689:
4675:
4641:Psychological development
4640:
4615:
4512:
4508:
4495:
4424:
4371:
4367:
4356:
4290:
4224:
4199:
4178:
4143:
4060:
4053:
3898:Spinal muscular atrophies
3866:Primary lateral sclerosis
3848:
3825:
3809:
3764:
3724:Intracranial hypertension
3714:
3686:
3657:
3623:
3585:
3574:
3540:
3518:
3504:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
3443:
3253:
3244:
3230:
3190:
3124:
3079:
2927:10.1016/j.tig.2009.03.002
2792:10.1080/13682820110119205
2416:10.1017/S2045796011000527
1422:
1151:Autism spectrum disorders
989:applied behavior analysis
676:Speech–language pathology
479:Disabled Persons Railcard
184:
170:
151:
147:Speech-language pathology
146:
18:Speech-language pathology
5706:Music and arts therapist
5554:Impulse-control disorder
5470:Schizoaffective disorder
5465:Brief reactive psychosis
5162:Mass psychogenic illness
5125:Body dysmorphic disorder
4904:Post-concussion syndrome
4514:Emotional and behavioral
4257:Multisensory integration
4085:Landau–Kleffner syndrome
3965:Progressive bulbar palsy
3756:Intracranial hypotension
3739:Choroid plexus papilloma
3153:Herpesviral encephalitis
3005:Recovery from stuttering
1892:10.1044/2015_aja-15-0007
1122:difficulties, including
987:, behavior consultants (
747:autism spectrum disorder
720:allied health profession
492:the Severely Handicapped
448:Socioeconomic assistance
358:Sexuality and disability
165:(language comprehension)
161:(speech production) and
5874:Rehabilitation medicine
5864:Health care occupations
5671:Hemodialysis technician
5491:Childhood schizophrenia
4843:Frontotemporal dementia
4800:High-functioning autism
4617:Intellectual disability
3477:Frontotemporal dementia
3163:Encephalitis lethargica
2753:openresearchlibrary.org
2318:Hersh, Deborah (2022).
2002:Cross, Melanie (2011).
1552:List of voice disorders
973:occupational therapists
790:, executive functions);
688:communication disorders
607:Disability in the media
5716:Occupational therapist
5008:Specific social phobia
4899:Organic brain syndrome
4741:Melancholic depression
4502:Childhood and learning
4252:Management of dyslexia
3782:Hepatic encephalopathy
3003:Howell, Peter (2011).
2987:10.1542/peds.2005-1467
2775:"Letter to the Editor"
2682:dyslexiahelp.umich.edu
2176:10.1089/jpm.2004.7.694
1485:Traumatic brain injury
1367:Motor speech disorders
1284:Traumatic brain injury
1206:traumatic brain injury
1182:Craniofacial anomalies
1063:Education and training
1040:
918:speech sound disorders
704:speech sound disorders
597:Disability in the arts
420:Physical accessibility
5766:Respiratory therapist
5701:Medical transcription
5651:Clinical psychologist
5626:Anesthesia technician
5564:Psychomotor agitation
5354:and substance-related
5297:Postpartum depression
5177:Somatization disorder
5063:Acute stress reaction
4828:AIDS dementia complex
4125:Speech sound disorder
3840:Ataxia–telangiectasia
3797:Static encephalopathy
3520:Mitochondrial disease
3358:Spasmodic torticollis
3268:Basal ganglia disease
2522:10.14693/jdi.v4i3.758
1760:– via ASHAWire.
1567:Online speech therapy
1444:Motor neuron diseases
1413:(ear, nose or throat
1318:Physical disabilities
1295:Learning difficulties
1085:Methods of assessment
1038:
348:People-first language
326:Societal implications
5696:Medical technologist
5646:Cardiac physiologist
5559:Klüver–Bucy syndrome
5389:Substance dependence
5302:Postpartum psychosis
4848:Huntington's disease
4630:Lujan–Fryns syndrome
4479:Personality disorder
4303:People with dyslexia
3787:Toxic encephalopathy
3493:Lewy bodies dementia
2108:on 10 November 2013.
1462:Huntington's disease
1386:Dysgraphia, agraphia
1106:Infants and children
1098:Clients and patients
1008:Working environments
997:cleft lip and palate
415:Orthotics and braces
400:Assistive technology
64:improve this article
5879:Rehabilitation team
5869:Medical terminology
5859:Applied linguistics
5756:Radiation therapist
5731:Pharmacy technician
5439:Delusional disorder
5384:Stimulant psychosis
5374:Physical dependence
5228:Rumination syndrome
5130:Conversion disorder
5107:Psychogenic amnesia
4957:with depressed mood
4955:Adjustment disorder
4858:Parkinson's disease
4833:Alzheimer's disease
4726:Atypical depression
4562:Social functioning
4437:Munchausen syndrome
4432:Factitious disorder
4298:Dyslexia in fiction
4272:Reading acquisition
4145:Learning disability
3835:Friedreich's ataxia
3218:Meningoencephalitis
3158:Limbic encephalitis
2463:on 27 October 2011.
1537:Applied linguistics
1479:Parkinson's disease
1450:Alzheimer's disease
1428:Adults with aphasia
1254:Children and adults
1160:Developmental delay
969:nurse practitioners
826:language processing
376:Personal assistance
283:Learning disability
5458:schizophrenia-like
5102:Dissociative fugue
4551:Movement disorders
3871:Pseudobulbar palsy
3609:Status epilepticus
3560:Multiple sclerosis
3397:Myoclonic epilepsy
3260:movement disorders
3206:Acute disseminated
3148:Viral encephalitis
2915:Trends in Genetics
2664:10.1044/sbi10.2.38
2603:. 21 December 2017
2504:Ogata, Y. (1997).
2485:on 5 December 2004
1582:Speech acquisition
1473:Multiple sclerosis
1041:
490:Assured Income for
5884:Special education
5819:10.1111/ajr.12680
5790:
5789:
5784:
5783:
5691:Medical physicist
5681:Medical assistant
5676:Massage therapist
5631:Aquatic therapist
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5402:
5401:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5078:
5077:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4873:Vascular dementia
4795:Asperger syndrome
4761:
4760:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4605:Tourette syndrome
4491:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4311:
4310:
4232:Dyslexia research
4220:
4219:
4135:Tip of the tongue
4090:Language disorder
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3805:
3804:
3710:
3709:
3649:Template:Headache
3615:Template:Epilepsy
3536:
3535:
3510:Vascular dementia
3353:Status dystonicus
3226:
3225:
3201:Encephalomyelitis
3014:978-1-84872-916-2
2479:www.ninds.nih.gov
2457:www.nidcd.nih.gov
1982:CerebralPalsy.org
1602:Speech repetition
1597:Speech processing
1592:Speech perception
1165:Feeding disorders
1155:Asperger syndrome
1141:DiGeorge syndrome
941:feeding disorders
922:apraxia of speech
920:, (iv) childhood
708:speech disfluency
673:
672:
435:Web accessibility
395:Accessible toilet
278:Special education
216:Disability theory
209:Theory and models
195:
194:
140:
139:
132:
114:
16:(Redirected from
5901:
5839:
5838:
5798:
5776:Speech therapist
5656:Dental hygienist
5636:Athletic trainer
5608:
5601:
5594:
5585:
5584:
5540:
5539:
5429:
5428:
5408:
5407:
5343:
5342:
5218:Anorexia nervosa
5206:
5205:
5195:
5194:
5172:Psychogenic pain
5140:Globus pharyngis
4988:Childhood phobia
4971:
4970:
4943:
4942:
4922:
4921:
4778:
4777:
4767:
4766:
4677:
4676:
4576:Selective mutism
4527:Conduct disorder
4510:
4509:
4497:
4496:
4474:Trichotillomania
4449:Gender dysphoria
4444:Fear of intimacy
4401:Sexual anhedonia
4369:
4368:
4358:
4357:
4345:Mental disorders
4338:
4331:
4324:
4315:
4314:
4080:Infantile speech
4062:Speech, language
4058:
4057:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4013:
4012:
3823:
3822:
3814:
3813:
3772:Brain herniation
3583:
3582:
3423:Intention tremor
3418:Essential tremor
3283:Postencephalitic
3251:
3250:
3242:
3241:
3131:
3130:
3112:Diseases of the
3106:
3099:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3073:
3065:
3064:
3026:
2999:
2989:
2980:(2): e298–e319.
2964:
2962:
2960:
2948:
2938:
2900:
2899:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2533:
2525:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2481:. Archived from
2471:
2465:
2464:
2459:. Archived from
2449:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2290:
2280:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2198:"Health Careers"
2194:
2188:
2187:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2017:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1903:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1651:
1619:
1577:Origin of speech
1562:Neurolinguistics
1323:Speech disorders
1248:postcode lottery
665:
658:
651:
626:
625:
566:Paralympic Games
561:Special Olympics
430:Universal design
353:Pejorative terms
197:
196:
188:edit on Wikidata
180:
156:
144:
143:
135:
128:
124:
121:
115:
113:
72:
48:
40:
21:
5909:
5908:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5741:Physiotherapist
5617:
5612:
5582:
5573:
5545:
5526:
5510:
5479:
5457:
5448:
5423:
5398:
5355:
5352:substance abuse
5329:
5306:
5283:
5237:
5223:Bulimia nervosa
5200:
5181:
5157:Hypochondriasis
5152:False pregnancy
5135:Ganser syndrome
5117:Somatic symptom
5111:
5074:
5026:
5015:Specific phobia
4960:
4937:
4908:
4882:
4814:
4810:Savant syndrome
4782:Autism spectrum
4772:
4757:
4685:
4663:
4642:
4636:
4611:
4504:
4483:
4459:Dermatillomania
4420:
4406:Sexual anorexia
4363:
4352:
4342:
4312:
4307:
4286:
4262:Neuropsychology
4216:
4195:
4174:
4139:
4115:Speech disorder
4065:
4049:
4040:
4010:
3997:
3923:Congenital DSMA
3844:
3801:
3760:
3706:
3694:Sleep disorders
3682:
3659:Cerebrovascular
3653:
3619:
3576:
3570:
3532:
3514:
3439:
3385:Choreoathetosis
3258:
3235:
3222:
3186:
3120:
3110:
3075:
3040:
3015:
2958:
2956:
2951:
2909:
2907:Further reading
2904:
2903:
2896:
2882:
2878:
2847:
2843:
2812:
2808:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2693:
2689:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2527:
2526:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2316:
2312:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2160:
2156:
2117:
2113:
2100:(in Romanian).
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2046:
2042:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1847:
1843:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1746:The ASHA Leader
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1634:(6): CD000425.
1620:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1526:
1515:Adults seeking
1425:
1420:
1352:Voice disorders
1256:
1235:
1226:
1108:
1100:
1087:
1070:
1065:
1053:
1010:
949:
788:problem-solving
776:
763:
700:voice disorders
669:
638:
612:
611:
592:
582:
581:
580:
555:
545:
544:
515:
514:
498:
497:
494:
491:
449:
441:
440:
439:
405:Assisted living
377:
369:
368:
367:
327:
319:
318:
317:
297:
289:
288:
287:
250:
242:
241:
240:
210:
191:
176:
166:
163:Wernicke's area
136:
125:
119:
116:
73:
71:
61:
49:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5907:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5841:
5840:
5792:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5610:
5603:
5596:
5588:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5461:
5459:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5425:
5424:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5379:Rebound effect
5376:
5371:
5366:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5320:Hypersexuality
5316:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5259:
5254:
5248:
5246:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5214:
5212:
5202:
5201:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5127:
5121:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5055:
5053:Panic disorder
5050:
5045:
5040:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5020:Claustrophobia
5012:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5003:Anthropophobia
4995:
4993:Social anxiety
4990:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4949:
4939:
4938:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4863:Pick's disease
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4824:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4784:
4774:
4773:
4763:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4524:
4518:
4516:
4506:
4505:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4365:
4364:
4354:
4353:
4349:Classification
4341:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4282:Writing system
4279:
4274:
4269:
4267:Neurodiversity
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4226:
4225:Related topics
4222:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4160:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4071:
4069:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4039:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4016:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3895:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3820:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3751:Cerebral edema
3748:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3700:Template:Sleep
3690:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3528:Leigh syndrome
3524:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3449:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3264:
3262:
3255:Extrapyramidal
3248:
3239:
3237:encephalopathy
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3197:
3195:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3139:
3137:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3114:nervous system
3109:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3038:External links
3036:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3013:
3000:
2965:
2949:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2876:
2857:(3): 219–238.
2841:
2806:
2785:(2): 215–222.
2765:
2740:
2722:
2703:(3): 241–245.
2687:
2669:
2642:
2631:. 11 June 2019
2614:
2588:
2563:
2541:
2496:
2466:
2444:
2430:
2409:(4): 311–315.
2389:
2364:
2330:(5): 449–459.
2310:
2271:(1): 128–132.
2251:
2225:
2207:
2202:Health Careers
2189:
2170:(5): 694–702.
2154:
2111:
2084:
2059:
2040:
2009:
1994:
1969:
1962:
1944:
1915:
1886:(3): 345–348.
1866:
1859:
1841:
1830:(6): 282–286.
1814:
1807:
1789:
1763:
1732:
1706:
1681:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Speech Buddies
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1406:Tracheostomies
1403:
1401:Laryngectomies
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1364:
1362:Language delay
1359:
1349:
1344:
1330:
1327:oral dyspraxia
1320:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1292:
1287:
1277:
1275:Cerebral palsy
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1234:
1233:United Kingdom
1231:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1188:Language delay
1185:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1157:
1148:
1143:
1126:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1096:
1086:
1083:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1009:
1006:
948:
945:
906:
905:
902:
899:
896:
889:
878:
871:
849:
848:
845:
838:
835:
829:
806:
791:
784:
775:
774:The profession
772:
762:
759:
671:
670:
668:
667:
660:
653:
645:
642:
641:
640:
639:
637:
636:
631:
619:
614:
613:
610:
609:
604:
602:Disability art
599:
593:
588:
587:
584:
583:
579:
578:
576:Invictus Games
573:
568:
563:
557:
556:
551:
550:
547:
546:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
516:
513:
512:
509:
505:
504:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
488:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
464:Ticket to Work
461:
456:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
390:
389:
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
366:
365:
363:Women's health
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
329:
328:
325:
324:
321:
320:
316:
315:
310:
305:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
286:
285:
280:
275:
273:Special school
270:
264:
263:
262:
257:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
239:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
193:
192:
185:
182:
181:
174:
168:
167:
157:
149:
148:
138:
137:
52:
50:
43:
33:Speech Therapy
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5906:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5797:
5793:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5771:Social worker
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5751:Public health
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5686:Medical coder
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5609:
5604:
5602:
5597:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5541:
5537:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:Schizophrenia
5482:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5413:Schizophrenia
5409:
5405:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5364:Drug overdose
5362:
5361:
5358:
5353:
5349:
5344:
5340:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5312:Sexual desire
5309:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5196:
5192:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4998:Social phobia
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4933:-related and
4932:
4928:
4923:
4919:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4768:
4764:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4674:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4639:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4494:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
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4399:
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4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4380:
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4374:
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4350:
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4325:
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4301:
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4248:
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4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:Learning Ally
4235:
4233:
4230:
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4213:
4210:
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4118:
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4101:
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4093:
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4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4067:communication
4063:
4059:
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4052:
4048:
4044:
4037:
4032:
4030:
4025:
4023:
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3992:
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3889:
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3877:
3874:
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3867:
3864:
3863:
3862:
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3856:
3855:
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3851:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3777:Reye syndrome
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3729:Hydrocephalus
3727:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
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3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
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3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
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3573:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3542:Demyelinating
3539:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3430:Restless legs
3428:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3368:Blepharospasm
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:Hemiballismus
3322:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:Brain abscess
3173:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3119:
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3107:
3102:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2921:(4): 166–77.
2920:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2897:
2895:9781597564700
2891:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2754:
2750:
2749:"BiblioBoard"
2744:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2718:
2714:
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2691:
2683:
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2185:
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2169:
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2073:
2069:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2005:
1998:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1965:
1963:9780132719957
1959:
1955:
1948:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1911:
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1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1860:9781617050572
1856:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1810:
1808:9781933864006
1804:
1800:
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1777:
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1767:
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1751:
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1585:
1583:
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1570:
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1565:
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1532:
1529:
1528:
1518:
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1510:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1491:Mental health
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
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1448:
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1441:
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1430:
1427:
1426:
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1392:
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1379:
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1372:
1368:
1365:
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1348:
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1307:
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1299:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1265:Neonatal care
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1230:
1224:United States
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:Cranial nerve
1169:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1137:Down syndrome
1134:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1068:United States
1060:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
944:
942:
938:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
903:
900:
897:
894:
890:
887:
883:
879:
876:
872:
869:
865:
864:
863:
861:
857:
852:
846:
843:
842:voice therapy
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
804:
800:
796:
792:
789:
785:
782:
781:
780:
771:
769:
758:
756:
755:psychologists
752:
751:pediatricians
748:
744:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
666:
661:
659:
654:
652:
647:
646:
644:
643:
635:
632:
630:
621:
620:
618:
617:
616:
615:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
591:
586:
585:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
554:
549:
548:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
511:Organizations
510:
507:
506:
502:
501:
493:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
445:
444:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
387:
383:
380:
379:
373:
372:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
343:Normalization
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
323:
322:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
293:
292:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
268:Special needs
266:
265:
261:
258:
256:
255:Mainstreaming
253:
252:
246:
245:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
226:Medical model
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
206:
205:
202:
199:
198:
189:
183:
179:
175:
173:
169:
164:
160:
155:
150:
145:
142:
134:
131:
123:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81: –
80:
76:
75:Find sources:
69:
65:
59:
58:
53:This article
51:
47:
42:
41:
36:
34:
19:
5889:Vocal skills
5813:(1): 61–70.
5810:
5806:
5796:
5775:
5761:Radiographer
5736:Phlebotomist
5711:Nutritionist
5444:Folie à deux
5369:Intoxication
5350:substances,
5348:Psychoactive
5267:Night terror
5084:Dissociative
5048:Panic attack
4600:Tic disorder
4120:Speech error
4045:and related
3985:
3884:
3857:
3818:Degenerative
3555:Inflammatory
3502:
3435:Stiff-person
3273:Parkinsonism
3246:Degenerative
3143:Encephalitis
3126:Inflammation
3116:, primarily
3030:
3004:
2977:
2973:
2957:. Retrieved
2918:
2914:
2885:
2879:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2822:(1): 59–88.
2819:
2815:
2809:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2658:(2): 38–44.
2655:
2651:
2645:
2633:. Retrieved
2626:
2617:
2605:. Retrieved
2600:
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2575:
2566:
2554:. Retrieved
2544:
2530:cite journal
2516:(3): 46–47.
2513:
2509:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:the original
2478:
2469:
2461:the original
2456:
2447:
2433:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2382:23 September
2380:. Retrieved
2376:
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2327:
2323:
2313:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2237:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2106:the original
2101:
2097:
2087:
2075:. Retrieved
2071:
2062:
2053:
2043:
2024:
2003:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1981:
1972:
1953:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1931:
1918:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1850:
1844:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1798:
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1775:
1766:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1719:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:
1684:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1572:Oral myology
1503:laryngectomy
1468:Hearing loss
1236:
1227:
1216:Cleft palate
1177:Hearing loss
1153:, including
1133:cleft palate
1101:
1092:
1088:
1071:
1057:
1054:
1045:
1042:
1011:
953:audiologists
950:
934:
907:
855:
853:
850:
799:articulation
777:
764:
742:
739:
735:
731:
690:, including
683:
679:
675:
674:
535:Visitability
484:Freedom Pass
410:Mobility aid
312:
308:Occupational
236:Other models
231:Social model
159:Broca's area
141:
126:
120:January 2024
117:
107:
100:
93:
86:
74:
62:Please help
57:verification
54:
32:
5746:Prosthetist
5721:Optometrist
5641:Audiologist
5417:schizotypal
5252:Hypersomnia
5242:Nonorganic
4983:Agoraphobia
4714:Cyclothymia
4709:Bipolar NOS
4684:(affective)
4556:Stereotypic
4464:Kleptomania
4158:Dyscalculia
3970:Fazio–Londe
3810:Both/either
3604:Generalised
3463:Early-onset
3458:Alzheimer's
3193:spinal cord
2959:31 December
2735:VocalSaints
2607:19 December
2581:19 December
2576:Vocalsaints
2556:19 December
2127:(1): 4–18.
1280:Head injury
1268:Respiratory
1261:Puberphonia
1199:vocalic /r/
928:, and (vi)
924:(CAS), (v)
730:known as a
571:Deaflympics
425:Prosthetics
5848:Categories
5569:Stereotypy
5432:Delusional
5421:delusional
5394:Withdrawal
5262:Parasomnia
5167:Nosophobia
4947:Adjustment
4935:somatoform
4868:Sundowning
4721:Depression
4704:Bipolar II
4593:Stuttering
4588:Cluttering
4384:Paraphilia
4163:Dysgraphia
4130:Stuttering
4054:Conditions
3578:paroxysmal
3550:Autoimmune
3343:Dyskinesia
3213:Meningitis
3191:Brain and
2974:Pediatrics
2758:25 October
2489:15 January
2357:10 October
2288:10344/7789
1699:27 January
1649:1893/26112
1609:References
1396:Pragmatics
1371:dysarthria
1341:disfluency
1337:stuttering
1333:Stammering
1297:including
1204:Pediatric
1201:and lisps)
1120:swallowing
981:dietitians
957:physicians
926:stuttering
886:morphology
875:pragmatics
814:morphology
808:language (
716:swallowing
692:expressive
684:logopedics
629:Disability
553:Parasports
201:Disability
90:newspapers
5827:1038-5282
5726:Orthotist
5661:Dietitian
5522:Catatonia
5454:Psychosis
5289:Postnatal
5272:Nightmare
4878:Wandering
4731:Dysthymia
4699:Bipolar I
4654:Pervasive
4469:Pyromania
4394:Voyeurism
4389:Fetishism
3575:Episodic/
3453:Tauopathy
3404:Akathisia
3392:Myoclonus
3375:Athetosis
3307:Tauopathy
3023:814245820
2871:143521296
2352:246902770
2054:Speech SF
1725:3 October
1658:1469-493X
1433:dysphagia
1356:dysphonia
1325:(such as
1124:dysphagia
1014:hospitals
985:educators
937:dysphagia
912:and (ii)
910:receptive
893:semantics
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