126:
36:
3184:
2967:
3179:{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathrm {e} }=\int _{0}^{\infty }\Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\lambda }\,d\lambda =\int _{0}^{\infty }\Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\nu }\,d\nu =\int _{0}^{\infty }\lambda \Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\lambda }\,d\ln \lambda =\int _{0}^{\infty }\nu \Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\nu }\,d\ln \nu .}
159:
techniques, which characterize the light's interaction with the human eye. The fundamental difference between radiometry and photometry is that radiometry gives the entire optical radiation spectrum, while photometry is limited to the visible spectrum. Radiometry is distinct from
2816:
2892:
2410:
2957:
2590:
1101:
per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅m⋅nm. "Spectral emittance" is an old term for this quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity".
1449:
2622:
2442:
2333:
2737:
2345:
1059:
per unit area. This is the emitted component of radiosity. "Radiant emittance" is an old term for this quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity".
2745:
2525:
2821:
2690:
2510:
2897:
1456:
835:
per unit frequency or wavelength. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity". Non-SI units of spectral flux density include
982:
per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅m⋅nm. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity".
246:
17:
2267:, defined as the quotient of the integrated quantity by the range of frequency or wavelength considered. For example, the radiant flux Φ
406:
Radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. This is sometimes also called "radiant power", and called
3333:
3302:
46:
1220:
per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in J⋅m⋅nm. This is sometimes also called "spectral fluence".
2306:
104:
3343:
76:
3255:
239:
3338:
1442:
83:
61:
90:
2595:
2415:
2296:
existence probability is zero. Let us show the relation between them using the radiant flux as an example:
232:
2710:
579:
Radiant intensity per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅sr⋅nm. This is a
3328:
72:
140:
3305:
Professor Jim Palmer's
Radiometry FAQ page (The University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences).
3204:
2244:
3209:
2172:
2137:
2097:
2067:
1783:, divided by the spectral radiance incident onto that surface. This should not be confused with "
3214:
1292:
945:
902:
330:
203:
3247:
2811:{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\lambda }={c \over \lambda ^{2}}\Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\nu },}
798:
3323:
3199:
1299:
should be denoted with suffix "e" (for "energetic") to avoid confusion with photometric or
195:
180:
2887:{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\nu }={c \over \nu ^{2}}\Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\lambda },}
2512:. The area under a plot with wavelength horizontal axis equals to the total radiant flux.
704:
per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅sr⋅m⋅nm. This is a
533:
Radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit solid angle. This is a
8:
3318:
2692:. The area under a plot with frequency horizontal axis equals to the total radiant flux.
2289:
1273:
175:
to determine the temperature of objects and gasses by measuring radiation flux is called
156:
1733:, divided by the radiance incident onto that surface. This should not be confused with "
456:
Radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅nm.
97:
2627:
2447:
2405:{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\lambda }={d\Phi _{\mathrm {e} } \over d\lambda },}
1178:
integrated over time of irradiation. This is sometimes also called "radiant fluence".
3251:
3236:
1296:
665:
542:
493:
214:
is the measurement of absolute radiometric quantities in narrow bands of wavelength.
2952:{\displaystyle \lambda \Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\lambda }=\nu \Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\nu }.}
57:
1183:
1140:
1064:
1021:
848:
191:
152:
2704:
2248:
287:
161:
2962:
The integral quantity can be obtained by the spectral quantity's integration:
2585:{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\nu }={d\Phi _{\mathrm {e} } \over d\nu },}
1698:, divided by that received by that surface. This should not be confused with "
1658:, divided by that received by that surface. This should not be confused with "
125:
3312:
2024:
1993:
1957:
1931:
208:
in some astronomical applications, contrary to the optics usage of the term.
144:
3194:
2232:
1381:, not to be confused with a letter "v", indicating a photometric quantity.)
751:
415:
369:
3274:
708:
quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity".
3243:
2703:
are related to each other, since the product of the two variables is the
1885:
1854:
1818:
1792:
1742:
1707:
1667:
1637:
1378:
137:
2236:
1784:
1734:
1699:
1659:
1587:
1552:
1516:
1490:
1404:
794:
747:
407:
172:
3275:"ISO 80000-7:2019 - Quantities and units, Part 7: Light and radiation"
940:
per unit area. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity".
789:
per unit area. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity".
2240:
1368:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
515:
509:
187:
176:
2444:
is the radiant flux of the radiation in a small wavelength interval
35:
2624:
is the radiant flux of the radiation in a small frequency interval
2292:. This comes from the idea that the precisely requested wavelength
2228:
622:
3233:
1306:
660:
quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity".
2293:
2288:
Getting an integral quantity's spectral counterpart requires a
2223:
1300:
836:
165:
148:
652:
Radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received by a
53:
2518:
2338:
438:
432:
307:
302:
2300:
387:
382:
2251:) describe the effect of radiation of a single wavelength
2217:
per unit length, divided by that received by that volume.
2167:
per unit length, divided by that received by that volume.
2132:
per unit length, divided by that received by that volume.
2092:
per unit length, divided by that received by that volume.
1426:
1409:
1373:
656:, per unit solid angle per unit projected area. This is a
1263:
2970:
2900:
2824:
2748:
2713:
2630:
2598:
2528:
2450:
2418:
2348:
2309:
3262:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
179:. Handheld pyrometer devices are often marketed as
129:
Comparison of photometric and radiometric quantities
1421:
1419:
3235:
3234:Leslie D. Stroebel & Richard D. Zakia (1993).
3178:
2951:
2886:
2810:
2731:
2684:
2616:
2584:
2504:
2436:
2404:
2327:
27:Techniques for measuring electromagnetic radiation
1384:
151:characterize the distribution of the radiation's
3310:
2235:) describe the total effect of radiation of all
1425:Directional quantities are denoted with suffix "
1416:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1174:per unit area, or equivalently irradiance of a
726:watt per steradian per square metre, per metre
2098:Spectral hemispherical attenuation coefficient
685:watt per steradian per square metre per hertz
1450:
1348:
240:
3267:
2224:Integral and spectral radiometric quantities
2173:Spectral directional attenuation coefficient
2062:, divided by that received by that surface.
2019:, divided by that received by that surface.
1988:, divided by that received by that surface.
1952:, divided by that received by that surface.
1926:, divided by that received by that surface.
1880:, divided by that received by that surface.
1849:, divided by that received by that surface.
1813:, divided by that received by that surface.
1286:
198:. The measurement techniques categorized as
62:introducing citations to additional sources
2335:Spectral flux by wavelength, whose unit is
2515:Spectral flux by frequency, whose unit is
1457:
1443:
936:(emitted, reflected and transmitted by) a
247:
233:
3160:
3108:
3062:
3019:
1632:at the same temperature as that surface.
1582:at the same temperature as that surface.
1547:at the same temperature as that surface.
1511:at the same temperature as that surface.
217:
124:
52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
14:
3311:
2695:The spectral quantities by wavelength
2617:{\displaystyle d\Phi _{\mathrm {e} }}
2437:{\displaystyle d\Phi _{\mathrm {e} }}
2328:{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathrm {e} }.}
2068:Hemispherical attenuation coefficient
1182:
1063:
944:
793:
664:
541:
414:
325:Energy of electromagnetic radiation.
267:
264:
261:
258:
2732:{\displaystyle \lambda \cdot \nu =c}
1958:Spectral hemispherical transmittance
1321:Alternative symbols sometimes seen:
637:watt per steradian per square metre
29:
2271:corresponds to the spectral power Φ
2138:Directional attenuation coefficient
1403:Spectral quantities given per unit
1367:Spectral quantities given per unit
24:
3148:
3143:
3134:
3096:
3091:
3082:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2977:
2972:
2934:
2929:
2910:
2905:
2869:
2864:
2831:
2826:
2793:
2788:
2755:
2750:
2608:
2603:
2562:
2557:
2535:
2530:
2428:
2423:
2382:
2377:
2355:
2350:
2316:
2311:
2025:Spectral directional transmittance
1819:Spectral hemispherical reflectance
1668:Spectral hemispherical absorptance
1238:joule per square metre, per metre
194:, and plays a significant role in
25:
3355:
3296:
3238:Focal Encyclopedia of Photography
3205:Measurement of ionizing radiation
1517:Spectral hemispherical emissivity
1201:joule per square metre per hertz
1119:watt per square metre, per metre
1000:watt per square metre, per metre
881:watt per square metre, per metre
2050:
2007:
1976:
1940:
1914:
1886:Spectral directional reflectance
1868:
1837:
1801:
1771:
1743:Spectral directional absorptance
1721:
1686:
1646:
1616:
1566:
1535:
1499:
1082:watt per square metre per hertz
963:watt per square metre per hertz
816:watt per square metre per hertz
364:Radiant energy per unit volume.
45:relies largely or entirely on a
34:
1588:Spectral directional emissivity
1578:, divided by that emitted by a
3334:Telecommunications engineering
3227:
2679:
2631:
2499:
2451:
1483:
13:
1:
3303:Radiometry and photometry FAQ
3220:
2299:Integral flux, whose unit is
1170:Radiant energy received by a
601:watt per steradian per metre
560:watt per steradian per hertz
18:Spectral radiometric quantity
147:. Radiometric techniques in
7:
3188:
1932:Hemispherical transmittance
1295:recommend that radiometric
186:Radiometry is important in
136:is a set of techniques for
10:
3360:
3344:Electromagnetic radiation
1994:Directional transmittance
1793:Hemispherical reflectance
1638:Hemispherical absorptance
1474:
1471:
1468:
1407:are denoted with suffix "
1371:are denoted with suffix "
1258:
1215:
1139:
1096:
1020:
977:
901:
830:
746:
699:
621:
578:
492:
455:
368:
329:
286:
281:
278:
275:
272:
141:electromagnetic radiation
2263:there are corresponding
1491:Hemispherical emissivity
155:in space, as opposed to
3339:Observational astronomy
3210:Radiometric calibration
1855:Directional reflectance
1708:Directional absorptance
1628:, divided by that of a
1543:, divided by that of a
1539:Spectral exitance of a
1507:, divided by that of a
1438:Radiometry coefficients
1293:Standards organizations
1155:joule per square metre
3215:Radiometric resolution
3180:
2953:
2888:
2812:
2733:
2686:
2618:
2586:
2506:
2438:
2406:
2329:
2120:Spectral radiant flux
1553:Directional emissivity
1503:Radiant exitance of a
1216:Radiant exposure of a
1097:Radiant exitance of a
1036:watt per square metre
917:watt per square metre
766:watt per square metre
345:joule per cubic metre
331:Radiant energy density
218:Radiometric quantities
130:
3181:
2954:
2889:
2813:
2734:
2687:
2619:
2587:
2507:
2439:
2407:
2330:
1345:for radiant exitance.
799:Spectral flux density
202:in optics are called
181:infrared thermometers
128:
3200:Microwave radiometer
2968:
2898:
2822:
2746:
2711:
2628:
2596:
2526:
2448:
2416:
2346:
2307:
1329:for radiant energy,
196:Earth remote sensing
58:improve this article
3138:
3086:
3043:
3000:
2265:spectral quantities
1785:spectral absorbance
1700:spectral absorbance
1465:
795:Spectral irradiance
669:Specific intensity
255:
227:SI radiometry units
164:techniques such as
3176:
3124:
3072:
3029:
2986:
2949:
2884:
2808:
2729:
2682:
2614:
2582:
2502:
2434:
2402:
2325:
2205:Spectral radiance
2054:Spectral radiance
1918:Spectral radiance
1775:Spectral radiance
1620:Spectral radiance
1436:
1337:for radiant flux,
946:Spectral radiosity
543:Spectral intensity
224:
131:
3329:Optical metrology
2861:
2785:
2677:
2653:
2577:
2497:
2473:
2397:
2261:integral quantity
2247:quantities (like
2231:quantities (like
2221:
2220:
1282:
1281:
1184:Spectral exposure
1065:Spectral exitance
666:Spectral radiance
494:Radiant intensity
212:Spectroradiometry
123:
122:
108:
16:(Redirected from
3351:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3242:(3rd ed.).
3241:
3231:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3137:
3132:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3085:
3080:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3042:
3037:
3018:
3017:
3010:
2999:
2994:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2921:
2920:
2913:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2685:{\displaystyle }
2683:
2678:
2673:
2665:
2654:
2649:
2641:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2505:{\displaystyle }
2503:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2474:
2469:
2461:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2290:limit transition
2283:
2276:
2258:
2254:
2199:
2187:
2149:
2114:
2107:
2074:
2048:
2036:
2005:
1974:
1967:
1938:
1912:
1900:
1866:
1835:
1828:
1799:
1769:
1757:
1719:
1684:
1677:
1644:
1614:
1602:
1564:
1533:
1526:
1497:
1485:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1435:
1430:
1423:
1414:
1401:
1382:
1377:" (Greek letter
1365:
1346:
1344:
1341:for irradiance,
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1304:
1290:
1235:
1198:
1152:
1141:Radiant exposure
1116:
1079:
1033:
1022:Radiant exitance
997:
960:
914:
878:
862:
858:
854:
846:
842:
831:Irradiance of a
813:
763:
723:
682:
634:
598:
557:
505:
469:
428:
379:
342:
299:
256:
249:
242:
235:
228:
223:
118:
115:
109:
107:
66:
38:
30:
21:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3309:
3308:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3284:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3191:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3133:
3128:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3081:
3076:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3033:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2990:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2666:
2664:
2642:
2640:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2569:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2486:
2484:
2462:
2460:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2256:
2252:
2226:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2177:
2148:
2142:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2072:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2004:
1998:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1936:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1890:
1865:
1859:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1797:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1718:
1712:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1642:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1563:
1557:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1495:
1464:
1463:
1434:
1433:
1424:
1417:
1402:
1385:
1366:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1307:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1234:
1225:
1197:
1188:
1151:
1145:
1115:
1106:
1078:
1069:
1032:
1026:
996:
987:
978:Radiosity of a
959:
950:
913:
907:
877:
868:
860:
856:
852:
849:solar flux unit
844:
840:
812:
803:
797:
762:
756:
750:
722:
713:
681:
672:
668:
633:
627:
597:
588:
556:
547:
504:
498:
472:watt per metre
468:
461:
427:
420:
378:
374:
341:
335:
298:
292:
254:
253:
226:
220:
192:radio astronomy
119:
113:
110:
67:
65:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3357:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3307:
3306:
3298:
3297:External links
3295:
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3212:
3207:
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3004:
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2878:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2705:speed of light
2699:and frequency
2681:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2324:
2318:
2313:
2279:
2272:
2268:
2249:spectral power
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2203:
2200:
2193:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2052:
2049:
2042:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1980:Spectral flux
1978:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1916:
1913:
1906:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1841:Spectral flux
1839:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1773:
1770:
1763:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1690:Spectral flux
1688:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1618:
1615:
1608:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1415:
1383:
1347:
1305:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1168:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1004:
1001:
998:
991:
984:
983:
976:
967:
964:
961:
954:
948:
942:
941:
930:
921:
918:
915:
911:
905:
899:
898:
885:
882:
879:
872:
865:
864:
857:10 W⋅m⋅Hz
845:10 W⋅m⋅Hz
829:
820:
817:
814:
807:
801:
791:
790:
779:
770:
767:
764:
760:
754:
744:
743:
730:
727:
724:
717:
710:
709:
700:Radiance of a
698:
689:
686:
683:
676:
670:
662:
661:
650:
641:
638:
635:
631:
625:
619:
618:
605:
602:
599:
592:
585:
584:
577:
564:
561:
558:
551:
545:
539:
538:
531:
518:
512:
506:
502:
496:
490:
489:
476:
473:
470:
463:
458:
457:
454:
441:
435:
429:
422:
418:
412:
411:
410:in Astronomy.
404:
391:
385:
380:
376:
372:
366:
365:
362:
349:
346:
343:
339:
333:
327:
326:
323:
310:
305:
300:
296:
290:
288:Radiant energy
284:
283:
280:
277:
274:
270:
269:
266:
263:
260:
252:
251:
244:
237:
229:
225:
219:
216:
121:
120:
56:. Please help
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3356:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3263:
3259:
3257:0-240-51417-3
3253:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3139:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3087:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3014:
3011:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2963:
2946:
2941:
2938:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2914:
2901:
2881:
2876:
2873:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2706:
2693:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2599:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2553:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2520:
2513:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2419:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2373:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2340:
2322:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2266:
2262:
2255:or frequency
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2080:Radiant flux
2079:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1944:Radiant flux
1943:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1805:Radiant flux
1804:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:Radiant flux
1649:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:Radiant flux
1050:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
990:
986:
985:
981:
975:
971:
968:
965:
962:
958:
953:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
932:Radiant flux
931:
929:
925:
922:
919:
916:
910:
906:
904:
900:
897:
893:
889:
886:
883:
880:
876:
871:
867:
866:
850:
838:
834:
828:
824:
821:
818:
815:
811:
806:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
781:Radiant flux
780:
778:
774:
771:
768:
765:
759:
755:
753:
749:
745:
742:
738:
734:
731:
728:
725:
721:
716:
712:
711:
707:
703:
697:
693:
690:
687:
684:
680:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
649:
645:
642:
639:
636:
630:
626:
624:
620:
617:
613:
609:
606:
603:
600:
596:
591:
587:
586:
582:
576:
572:
568:
565:
562:
559:
555:
550:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
530:
526:
522:
519:
517:
513:
511:
507:
501:
497:
495:
491:
488:
484:
480:
477:
474:
471:
467:
460:
459:
453:
449:
445:
442:
440:
436:
434:
430:
426:
419:
417:
416:Spectral flux
413:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
392:
389:
386:
384:
381:
373:
371:
367:
363:
361:
357:
353:
350:
347:
344:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
295:
291:
289:
285:
271:
257:
250:
245:
243:
238:
236:
231:
230:
222:
215:
213:
209:
207:
206:
201:
197:
193:
190:, especially
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:visible light
142:
139:
135:
127:
117:
114:December 2015
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
55:
49:
48:
47:single source
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3283:. Retrieved
3281:. 2013-08-20
3278:
3269:
3261:
3237:
3229:
3195:Reflectivity
2964:
2961:
2694:
2514:
2298:
2287:
2264:
2260:
2233:radiant flux
2227:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2143:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2059:
2055:
2044:
2039:
2030:
2016:
2012:
1999:
1985:
1981:
1949:
1945:
1923:
1919:
1908:
1903:
1896:
1891:
1877:
1873:
1860:
1846:
1842:
1810:
1806:
1780:
1776:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1748:
1730:
1726:
1713:
1695:
1691:
1655:
1651:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1558:
1544:
1540:
1508:
1504:
1408:
1372:
1288:
1268:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1231:
1226:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1194:
1189:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1146:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1112:
1107:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1075:
1070:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1027:
1014:
1010:
1006:
993:
988:
979:
973:
969:
956:
951:
937:
933:
927:
923:
908:
895:
891:
887:
874:
869:
832:
826:
822:
809:
804:
786:
782:
776:
772:
757:
752:Flux density
740:
736:
732:
719:
714:
705:
701:
695:
691:
678:
673:
657:
653:
647:
643:
628:
615:
611:
607:
594:
589:
580:
574:
570:
566:
553:
548:
534:
528:
524:
520:
499:
486:
482:
478:
465:
451:
447:
443:
424:
401:
397:
393:
370:Radiant flux
359:
355:
351:
336:
320:
316:
312:
293:
221:
211:
210:
204:
199:
185:
170:
143:, including
133:
132:
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
73:"Radiometry"
68:
44:
3324:Measurement
3244:Focal Press
2241:frequencies
2237:wavelengths
2056:transmitted
2013:transmitted
1982:transmitted
1946:transmitted
1303:quantities.
706:directional
658:directional
581:directional
535:directional
173:radiometers
171:The use of
157:photometric
3319:Radiometry
3313:Categories
3285:2023-12-09
3246:. p.
3221:References
2259:. To each
1735:absorbance
1660:absorbance
1630:black body
1580:black body
1545:black body
1509:black body
1405:wavelength
1297:quantities
1274:Photometry
1269:Radiometry
1259:See also:
861:10 Jy
853:1 sfu
748:Irradiance
688:W⋅sr⋅m⋅Hz
583:quantity.
537:quantity.
408:luminosity
265:Dimension
205:photometry
200:radiometry
168:counting.
134:Radiometry
84:newspapers
3171:ν
3168:
3156:ν
3144:Φ
3140:ν
3135:∞
3126:∫
3119:λ
3116:
3104:λ
3092:Φ
3088:λ
3083:∞
3074:∫
3067:ν
3058:ν
3046:Φ
3040:∞
3031:∫
3024:λ
3015:λ
3003:Φ
2997:∞
2988:∫
2973:Φ
2942:ν
2930:Φ
2926:ν
2918:λ
2906:Φ
2902:λ
2877:λ
2865:Φ
2853:ν
2839:ν
2827:Φ
2801:ν
2789:Φ
2777:λ
2763:λ
2751:Φ
2721:ν
2718:⋅
2715:λ
2671:ν
2659:ν
2647:ν
2638:−
2635:ν
2604:Φ
2574:ν
2558:Φ
2543:ν
2531:Φ
2491:λ
2479:λ
2467:λ
2458:−
2455:λ
2424:Φ
2394:λ
2378:Φ
2363:λ
2351:Φ
2312:Φ
2211:scattered
2161:scattered
2155:Radiance
2126:scattered
2086:scattered
2011:Radiance
1920:reflected
1874:reflected
1872:Radiance
1843:reflected
1807:reflected
1725:Radiance
1570:Radiance
1472:SI units
1469:Quantity
1369:frequency
903:Radiosity
841:1 Jy
510:steradian
508:watt per
431:watt per
259:Quantity
188:astronomy
177:pyrometry
138:measuring
54:talk page
3189:See also
2245:spectral
2243:, while
2229:Integral
2207:absorbed
2157:absorbed
2122:absorbed
2082:absorbed
1777:absorbed
1727:absorbed
1692:absorbed
1652:absorbed
783:received
623:Radiance
563:W⋅sr⋅Hz
2060:surface
2017:surface
1986:surface
1950:surface
1924:surface
1878:surface
1847:surface
1811:surface
1781:surface
1731:surface
1696:surface
1656:surface
1626:surface
1622:emitted
1576:surface
1572:emitted
1541:surface
1505:surface
1218:surface
1204:J⋅m⋅Hz
1176:surface
1172:surface
1099:surface
1085:W⋅m⋅Hz
1057:surface
1053:emitted
980:surface
966:W⋅m⋅Hz
938:surface
934:leaving
833:surface
819:W⋅m⋅Hz
787:surface
729:W⋅sr⋅m
702:surface
654:surface
640:W⋅sr⋅m
604:W⋅sr⋅m
282:Symbol
276:Symbol
162:quantum
98:scholar
3254:
2592:where
2412:where
2294:photon
2215:volume
2165:volume
2130:volume
2090:volume
1475:Notes
1301:photon
847:) and
837:jansky
390:= J/s
268:Notes
166:photon
149:optics
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
2278:and Φ
2213:by a
2163:by a
2128:by a
2088:by a
2058:by a
2015:by a
1984:by a
1948:by a
1922:by a
1876:by a
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