Romanticism in Spanish literature

901: 1949: 1331: 450: 465:. Whatever the type of work, the passionate soul of the author poured into it all of its feelings of dissatisfaction with a world that limited and frustrated the expression of its longings and worries, in relation to love, society, and country alike. They identified nature with spirit, and expressed it as melancholy, gloom, mystery, and darkness, in contrast with the neo-Classicists, who barely showed interest in the natural world. Insatiable cravings for passionate love, happiness, and the possession of the infinite caused in the Romantics a disheartenment, an immense disappointment that sometimes brought them to suicide, as in the case of 911: 1593: 1697:, in 1893. He started his career in literature by reading verses at the funeral of Larra, with which he earned great fame. He married a widow sixteen years younger than him, but the marriage failed and, fleeing from her, he went to France and then to Mexico in 1855, where the emperor Maximiliano named him director of the National Theater. Upon returning to Spain in 1866 he was greeted with enthusiasm. He married again and, with constant monetary penuries, he had no other remedy but to sell his works unprofitably, like 1216:) arose out of the Romantic desire to emphasize the different and the peculiar, inspired by the French affinity for the same genre. Thousands of articles of this type were published, thus limiting the development of the novel in Spain, since narration and individual characters predominated in that genre, while costumbrist vignettes were limited to generic descriptions of personality types (bullfighter, chestnut seller, water carrier, etc.). Large anthologies of such vignettes were compiled, such as 320: 685: 396: 340: 591: 5238: 101: 1413:, 1809–id., 1837), son of a liberal exile, soon conquered fame as a journalist. His character was less than agreeable. Mesonero Romanos, his friend, spoke of "his innate mordacidad, which carried few sympathies". At twenty he married, but the marriage failed. With total success as a writer, at 27 years of age, Larra committed suicide with a pistol to the head, it seems, for a woman with whom he maintained an illicit love affair. 1824:("The troubador"), a work which evoked an enthusiastic response from the public, though it obligated him to bid farewell to his current situation, instituting in Spain an effective custom from France. Thanks to his success he could rise above the economic difficulties with which he lived. On the explosion of the "Gloriosa", he joined with the revolutionaries, with a hymn against the Borbones that became very popular. 43: 1676: 1482:, his progressive, liberal education is clearly reflected, with hostile articles about absolutism and traditionalism. In some of these, Larra reveals his revolutionary exultation, as in the article which says "Asesinatos por asesinatos, ya que los ha de haber, estoy por los del pueblo" ("Murders by murders, since we must have them, I am for those of the people"). 383:, situated on the margins of Romanticism, and in an ironic position in relation to it. Costumbrism, born out of Romanticism, but as a manifestation of nostalgia for the values and customs of the past, contributed to the decadence of the Romantic movement and the rise of Realism, as it became bourgeois and turned into a style of description. 475:. The Romantics situated their sorrowful and disappointed feelings in mysterious or melancholic places, such as ruins, forests, and cemeteries. In the same manner, they felt attracted to the supernatural, that which escapes logic, such as miracles, apparitions, visions from beyond the grave, the diabolical, and witchcraft. 1896:

During the second half of the nineteenth century, the movement's pre-existing interests in history and legend entered a new stage, and poetry became more sentimental and intimate. This change was due to the influence of German poetry and a renewed popular interest in Spanish poetry. The Postromantic

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Romantic theatre tend to have plots with legendary, adventurous, knightly, and historical-national themes, with love and freedom as typical elements. Frequent motifs were nocturnal scenes, duels, shadowy, mysterious characters, suicides, and displays of gallantry or of cynicism. Events occurred at a

1495:

became popular. These works were disdained by the neo-Classicists for not following the rule of three parts (action, place, and time) and for mixing comic and dramatic aspects. Nevertheless, these works were successful outside Spain, precisely because they did not conform to the neo-Classical ideal.

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This composition consists of some two thousand verses of different lengths. It narrates the crimes of don Félix de Montemar, whose lover Elvira dies of heartsickness when he abandons her. One night, he sees her ghost and follows it through the streets and contemplates his own burial. In the house of

1984:

which would eventually carry him to the grave. He fell desperately in love with Elisa Guillén, and she returned his affections, but the couple soon separated in a taxing process for the poet. In 1861 he married Casta Esteban and worked as a columnist with a politically conservative slant. He later

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It was also a sign that a new spirit was inspiring the creation of verse. By contrast with the monotonous neoclassic repetition of songs and lyrics, poets proclaimed their right to use all existing variations on meter, to adapt those from other languages, and to innovate where necessary. In this

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and joined with a group of liberal exiles. There he met Teresa Mancha, the woman with whom he lived in London. After an act of political agitation, he returned to Spain in 1833. He lived a dissipated life, full of incidents and adventures, which caused Teresa Mancha to leave him in 1838. He was at

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During the Romantic period, there was a great interest in literary fiction, in particular, adventure and mystery novels; however, Spanish output of this type was scanty, limited to translations of foreign novels. More than a thousand translations circulated in Spain before 1850, in the historic,

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The number of characters in a play increased. The masculine hero was usually brave and mysterious. The heroine was innocent and faithful, but having an intense passion. But both were marked for a fatal destiny; death is liberation. More importance was given to the dynamism of the action than the

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The rule of the three unities, imposed on Spanish literature of the Enlightenment, disappeared. Dramas, for example, could have five acts in verse, or in prose and mixed verse, with variable metre. If in neo-Classical works stage directions were unacceptable, this did not prevail in Romanticism,

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During the first quarter of the century, four distinct types of novels developed: moral and educative novels, romances, horror stories, and anticlerical novels. The most purely Romantic of these is the anticlerical novel. However, the Romantic influence would shape, principally, the historical

1916:

became more scarce as lyricism increased, and common themes were love and passion for the world in all of its beauty. Romantics began to experiment with new metric forms and rhythms. The homogeneity that the Romance movement enjoyed was transformed into a plurality of poetic ideas. In sum,

1775:. Because of his liberal ideals, he suffered the pain of imprisonment. He emigrated to France and was named chief of the government in 1833 on his return to Spain. His politics of "right means" failed among the extremists on the left and the right. His contemporaries gave him the nickname " 481:. Their disgust toward the bourgeois society that they were forced to live in caused the Romantics to try to turn their back on their circumstances, imagining past eras in which their ideals prevailed, or taking inspiration from the exotic. In contrast with the neo-Classicists, who admired 1204:, a short prose article. These works were normally restricted to descriptive text, keeping argument to a minimum. They described the lifestyle of the era, a popular custom, or a personal stereotype. In many cases (as in the articles of Larra), the articles contain considerable satire. 1398:

a custom which would have a staggering and lasting success: that of publishing novels by delivery. The Spanish press, always with their eyes on the press of their neighbors, hurried to copy this initiative; however, the height of this era in Spain would be between 1845 and 1855.

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Theatrical action gained dynamism by using a variety of settings in the same production. Authors set their works in places typical of Romanticism, such as cemeteries, ruins, solitary countrysides, prisons, etc. Nature corresponded to the feelings and states of mind of the

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In the prologue of this work, Rosalía explains that her book is the product of pain and disappointment. She does not sing of the physical Galicia in these poems, but rather of her own suffering and the suffering of Galician people. She also deals with

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in 1840 after returning from exile. It is a collection of poems of different types, which brings together his youthful neoclassic poems with other, more intense, Romantic works. These last were the most important, and elevated marginalized types:

606:

The romantic poets created their works in the midst of a fury of emotions, forming verses out of whatever they felt or thought. Critics have found in their works a lyricism of great power, but at the same time vulgar, uninspiring verse.

574:. This publication defended moderate traditionalist Romanticism following Böhl's example, totally rejecting the virtues of Neo-Classicism. An exposition of the Romantic ideology appeared for the first time in its pages, in an article by 1842:(1806–1880). Son of a German cabinetmaker and an Analucian mother, he dedicated himself at first to his father's profession, but later consecrated himself to the theatre, where he obtained rotund success with his most famous work, 1393:

and Larra) they would mark the style of the era, though they had learned much in their years of exile from the advanced presses of the English and the French. In 1836, the French Girardin initiated in his newspaper

437:. Faced with the scrupulous rigor and order with which rules were observed in the 18th century, the romantic writers combined the genres and verses of distinct media, at times mixing verse and prose; in the 2117:

This work was developed during Rosalía's stay in Castile while she longer for her homeland of Galicia. In Castile she felt like an exile because, according to her, there was little respect things Galician.

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countryside, and from a very young age showed a talent for poetry. She married an American diplomat and lived in various foreign countries. Family misfortune prompted her to seek solitude and retreat in

1932:. They were not particularly well received in their contemporary society, the utilitarian and unidealistic Restoration, and were admired much less than writers who chose contemporary social themes like 1614:, 1865) struggled against the French invasion as a young man and gained political prominence as a progressivist. He was condemned to death for his liberal views but managed to escape to England. 971:

writer and poet of the 19th century. Although Cuban, she lived most of her life in Spain. She wrote various poems, plays, and novels. Her most famous work is an antislavery novel called

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focused on contemporary life, largely from the point of view of the "common" people, and expressed itself in pure, correct language. The principal author in the Costumbrist style was

1249:. He belonged to the Spanish Academy and was a gentle bourgeois. His ideas were anti-Romantic and he was a great observer of the life around him. He was famous under the pseudonym 1904:

Poetry continued to be Romantic, while prose and theater adhered more to Realism. Romantic poetry slowly lost some of its popularity due to its concentration on emotive forces.

1625:. He lived in France during his exile, and returned to Spain a decade later in 1834. By his return, the Neo-classical liberal had morphed into a Romantic and moderate liberal. 1107: 1786:("The girl in the house and the mother in the mask"). Later, as he began to practice "right means", adopting the new, latent aesthetic, he wrote his most important works: 1298:(The solitary one), and held high political office. Though known for his conservatism, in his youth he was a liberal. He published various poems and a historical novel, 544: 2096:(The blue-booted cavalier) which had a philosophical and satirical bent. She is mostly recognized for her poetic contributions to Spanish literature. Her first books, 551:, who argued from a traditionalist, antiliberal, and absolutist point of view. Böhl de Faber's ideas were incompatible with theirs (since they were still tied to the 4924: 1546:

Drama was the most developed of the theatrical genres. All works contained lyrical, dramatic, and fantastical elements. Freedom ruled in all aspects of the theatre:

1087: 53: 2294:, he stated his intention to arrive at an "art of ideas". In this way, a poem would have a clearly defined argument. He also tried to fulfill such ideas in the 1736:(1844), the most famous of his works, represents a tradition in many Spanish cities at the beginning of November. It discusses the theme of the famous joker of 1220:(Spaniards painted by themselves), (published in two volumes in 1843–1844, reprinted in one volume in 1851). Notable authors represented in this work are the 657:, displayed in all its manifestations and variations. Romantics often gave their poems mysterious settings, such as cemeteries, storms, the raging sea, etc. 1074:, and other novels of adventure set in the Scottish and English past. Spanish historical novels fall into two categories: liberal and moderate. Within the 693: 3243: 708:, whose aim was to "demolish the absolutist government". Because of his involvement with this society, Espronceda was imprisoned. At age 18 he fled to 118: 3233: 1264:(Memories of a 70-year-old), an allusion to the people and events he knew between 1808 and 1850. His costumbrist works were collected in the volumes 1164:(Treatise about Catholicism, Liberalism, and Socialism), published in 1851. His style has a solemn yet compelling tone, and provoked lively debates. 575: 939: 920:

In spite of the brief period during which romantic lyric poetry thrived in Spain, there arose other notable poets who deserve mention, such as the

1628:Ángel de Saavedra held a number of important public posts. Like many contemporary writers, he began by adopting a neo-classical aesthetic in the 1554:

where they occurred frequently. The monologue took on new importance, becoming the principal means of expressing a character's internal struggle.

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This work was never finished. It consists of 8,100 verses of various meters, and it seems to be an epic of the human life. The second canto (

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in 1835. 1,300 spectatores attended and witnessed the first Spanish Romantic drama, featuring such novelties as combining prose and verse.

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was coming to be at its height. His novels were inspired by Basque traditions, and were set in the medieval era. His most famous work is

144: 3587: 17: 2544: 1820:, in 1884. From an artisan family, he dedicated himself to words and, short on resources, enlisted in the army. In 1836 he released 151: 2239:

Many critics consider this work to be the apex of Rosalía's poetry. It is the only one of the three major novels to be written in

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in 1837, de Castro was the bastard child of unmarried lovers, a fact that caused an incurable bitterness in her. While living in

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Neo-classical theatre did not manage to have much effect on Spanish tastes. At the beginning of the 19th century, works from the

3758: 1452:, Larra satirized the form of Spanish life. He felt a great pain for his imperfect mother country. Emphasis should be placed on 1378:), where there appeared not only social themes, but also customism outlines which were clear precedents of Larra's production. 307:

arrived late and lasted only for a short but intense period, since in the second half of the 19th century it was supplanted by

1354:(The European) (1823–1824) published articles about romanticism and, through the publication, Spain came to know the names of 1038:. Spanish prose essentially consisted of the novel, scientific or scholarly prose, journalism, and the intense development of 133: 5183: 2836: 1366:. However, the press was also an arm of the political fight. In this sense, we must emphasize the political satire press of 4854: 2872: 1948: 1416:

Though Larra is famous for his newspaper works, he also worked in other genres, like poetry, short neoclassics and satire (

3276: 3681: 2405:). Modernist thinking considers Campoamor as a symbol of the anti-poet, because of coarse, banal thinking such as this. 1601: 1160:

came from the liberal school, though later he defended Catholic and authoritarian ideas. His most important work is the

406: 350: 4696: 2122:

was a work of simple poems with popular themes and rhythms. She felt nostalgia for her homeland and desired to return:

1884:("The hair of the grove"). He satirized Romanticism, though some of its characteristics appear in his comedies, as in 1281: 1228: 1131: 3065: 2447:), a long soliloquy on the miseries of the world, the existence of a superior, omnipotent being, politics, etc., and 2001:

died. Bécquer reconciled with Casta but died months later in 1870 in Madrid and was buried along with his brother in

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school produced, on occasion, novels exalting traditional and Catholic values. The most notable Spanish authors are:

184: 82: 3661: 645:, though frequently it is through a revolt against consequent compassion, even to the extent of exalting the devil. 241: 3656: 2953: 1855: 1779:" (Rosita the baker), though he had been imprisoned, exiled and attacked in his fight for a much-desired freedom. 1762: 1508: 1135: 955: 942:(1818–1848). Piferrer, in spite of writing only in Spanish, was one of the precursors of the romantic movement in 935: 904: 5198: 3362: 2077:. The marriage was not happy and the couple underwent economic hardship as they raised six children. She died of 1330: 528: 3717: 3367: 3141: 2782: 626:

a painful confession of love and disappointment, managed with great skill to translate his feelings into poetry.

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he met an English critic who taught him to appreciate Classical theater and set the stage for him to become a

5222: 5206: 5123: 4641: 3753: 3707: 1803: 1520: 1389:. The emigrants after the absolutist reaction of 1823 returned and together with the new generation (that of 2525:

Díaz Larios, Luis F. (2001). "Notas para una poética del cuento romántico en verso (con algunos ejemplos)".

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She also vented her anger toward Castile, which she considered an exploiter of the poor laboring Galicians:

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she makes confessions about her private life, love and pain, human injustice, faith, death, eternity, etc.

1240: 1224: 1151:. The most representative authors were Juan Donoso Cortés (1809–1853) and Jaime Balmes Urpía (1810–1848): 380: 5262: 4994: 4809: 4651: 2963: 2912: 2070: 2013: 1990: 449: 209: 4929: 3258: 4631: 3860: 3372: 1471:

His French education prevented him from fostering his neoclassic tastes, and this is reflected in his '

308: 257: 249: 233: 4939: 3605: 3382: 1660: 891:) occupies the better part of the poem, and in it he evokes his love for Teresa and laments her death. 5178: 4578: 4529: 2829: 2414: 1937: 1833: 1532: 567: 4859: 4016: 3738: 2774: 1959: 1952: 1921: 1732:, about the famous baker of Madrigal, which came to pass by way of don Sebastián, king of Portugal; 1382: 595: 548: 5077: 4899: 4789: 4779: 4716: 4482: 4167: 3228: 2958: 1176:(Protestantism compared with Catholicism in their relations with European civilization) (1842) and 4656: 3946: 2310:("witticisms") were short poems written for the albums and fans of his friends. One of them goes: 2201:, in which she expresses her regret and anger over being stripped of happiness and past illusions. 1846:("The lovers of Teruel") (1837). He continued to publish stories, poems and custombrist articles. 1341: 1334: 1127: 1023: 931: 670:

respect, as in others, Romanticism prefigured the modernist audacities of the end of the century.

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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.

4849: 4706: 4611: 4467: 3896: 3512: 2902: 2012:, a work of twenty-one stories that are dominated by themes of mystery and the afterlife in true 1809: 111: 3722: 3422: 1640:, 1822). He gradually incorporated Romantic elements into his work as can be seen in works like 1111:(1818–1895), who wrote a series of historical novels when the romantic genre was in decline and 5188: 5143: 5138: 4834: 4726: 4626: 4137: 3911: 3850: 3467: 3238: 2283: 2086: 2055: 1752: 1713:, which are small dramas sung as narration in verse. The most important of these readings are 1444:. His works can be divided into three groups: customs, literary articles y political articles. 1092: 571: 454: 4513: 4386: 4172: 4096: 3981: 3407: 5193: 5158: 5148: 5082: 4909: 4884: 4844: 4794: 4691: 4544: 4391: 4203: 4060: 4001: 3835: 3830: 3784: 3712: 3651: 3537: 3296: 2943: 2892: 2869: 2427:

1903). He was also a governor and parliamentarian, and a minister as well. He wrote the play

1302:(Christians and Moors), though his most famous work is a collection of costumbrist vignettes 1147:

The majority of these works originated from the discussions in the assembly that adopted the

910: 3748: 3223: 3208: 2273: 2105: 1933: 1897:

school departed significantly from its other European contemporaries, with the exception of

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However, his recognition is owed more to his dramatic works. Dramas that stand out include

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El protestantismo comparado con el catolicismo en sus relaciones con la civilización europea

1156: 679: 619: 5241: 4814: 4376: 4263: 4188: 3901: 3865: 3567: 3547: 3301: 2988: 2928: 2822: 2749:

José de Espronceda y su tiempo. Literatura, sociedad y política en tiempos del romanticismo

2548: 2397:), 31 brief compositions, Campoamor describes the trivialities of the soul of woman, as in 2073:, but Rosalía never felt tied to the region and ultimately managed to settle the family in 552: 291: 275: 4914: 4731: 3966: 3743: 3600: 3321: 3286: 2049: 1998: 1980:

where he suffered hardships while trying to achieve literary success. At 21 he contracted

1929: 1592: 8: 5173: 5032: 4736: 4621: 4462: 3845: 3840: 3676: 3417: 3352: 2968: 2798: 1993:. He separated from his not-so-faithful wife, became disillusioned and lived a dirty and 632:, with its sudden and total surrenders and quick abandonments. The agony and the ecstasy. 225: 31: 4824: 4340: 4157: 3697: 3635: 3482: 3311: 2809: 1420:, or "Satire against the vices of the court"); the theatre, with the historical tragedy 532: 445:(action, place, and time) was despised, and they alternated the comic with the dramatic. 5229: 4949: 4711: 4701: 4586: 4477: 4371: 4213: 4162: 4075: 3971: 3941: 3931: 3779: 3577: 3266: 3158: 3099: 2877: 2487: 2436: 1989:(a large sum for the time) while working as a novel critic, but he lost the job in the 1359: 816:

Espronceda worked in the principal literary genres, such as the historical novel, with

200: 4111: 3991: 3188: 1772: 1260:

His principal literary production was in the costombrist tradition; however, he wrote

1123:), in which the Basques and the Visigoths ally themselves against the Muslim invasion. 5163: 5133: 5097: 5042: 4964: 4894: 4819: 4756: 4661: 4646: 4616: 4457: 4432: 4406: 4345: 4335: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 3886: 3855: 3799: 3794: 3610: 3595: 3517: 3402: 3347: 3271: 3183: 3136: 3039: 3029: 2993: 2859: 984: 914: 4503: 4498: 4381: 3218: 3168: 1925: 1607: 4769: 4666: 4591: 4508: 4472: 4350: 4325: 4320: 4021: 4011: 4006: 3996: 3986: 3961: 3891: 3814: 3789: 3357: 3306: 3203: 3044: 3034: 3017: 2978: 2973: 2948: 2264:, given the decline of the Romantic movement and their contrary posture toward it. 2261: 2244: 2240: 1905: 1112: 1064: 1055: 493:. Their favorite modes of expression were the novel, legends, and historical drama. 4944: 4934: 4152: 3926: 3763: 3427: 3105: 2790: 2290:, 1901), an ideological moderate, was a governor and parliamentarian. In his book 1684: 566:

from 1823 to 1824 by two Italian editors, one Englishman, and the young Catalans

5168: 5153: 5128: 5052: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4889: 4874: 4829: 4764: 4636: 4606: 4452: 4447: 4330: 4253: 4243: 4193: 4101: 3976: 3870: 3809: 3804: 3671: 3615: 3532: 3522: 3342: 3326: 3281: 3248: 3121: 3071: 3009: 2998: 2074: 2063: 1741: 1367: 928: 328: 4549: 3487: 2882: 2243:. At the time, it was held in low esteem outside of Galician territory, but the 1078:

school existed both anti-clerical and populist currents. On the other hand, the

5092: 5062: 5027: 5017: 4999: 4904: 4864: 4799: 4671: 4601: 4442: 4427: 4355: 4299: 4289: 4258: 4238: 4147: 4070: 4050: 4035: 3956: 3916: 3620: 3572: 3502: 3397: 3377: 3316: 3213: 3077: 3003: 2699:

Entre pueblo y corona. Larra, Espronceda y la novela histórica del Romanticismo

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Los orígenes del romanticismo reaccionario español: el matrimonio Böhl de Faber

1986: 1917:

post-Romanticism represented a transition between the Romanticism and Realism.

1898: 1861: 1768: 1172:, however, belongs in the conservative, Catholic camp. Of his prolific output, 1000:, 1911) merits special mention. She spent a great part of her childhood in the 319: 5107: 4676: 3702: 3666: 3477: 1872:, in 1873. He accepted his literary fate at a very young age, with works like 1126:

It is also worth mentioning the contributions to the historical genre made by

5256: 5102: 5067: 5057: 5037: 4969: 4919: 4784: 4774: 4559: 4534: 4422: 4396: 4284: 4065: 3936: 3542: 3472: 3447: 3437: 3392: 3092: 2456: 2279: 1436:

Larra wrote more than 200 articles, behind the façade of diverse pseudonyms:

1027: 433: 4294: 1022:

romantic, chivalrous, and melodramatic genres, representing writers such as

5072: 5047: 5022: 4989: 4959: 4879: 4839: 4741: 4686: 4596: 4564: 4554: 4539: 4279: 4142: 4132: 4106: 3951: 3906: 3630: 3562: 3552: 3492: 3442: 3387: 3198: 3116: 3087: 2938: 2190: 1981: 1909: 1629: 1492: 1363: 1168: 1059: 1031: 993: 697: 540: 4437: 1103:, the best Spanish historical novel, written in imitation of Walter Scott. 684: 539:(Mercantile Daily) of Cádiz, in which he defended Spanish theatre of the 5087: 4954: 4804: 4401: 4304: 4248: 4055: 3921: 3625: 3557: 3291: 3152: 3111: 3060: 2933: 2845: 2478: 2435:), whose plot deals with the mysterious death of don Carlos, son of King 2082: 1994: 1709:

The literature of Zorrilla is prolific. His poetry reaches a zenith with

1622: 1212: 1035: 1001: 972: 924: 590: 502: 490: 486: 482: 376: 304: 2092:

Though de Castro was not prolific in prose, she achieved notoriety with

395: 339: 4208: 3527: 3507: 3497: 3146: 2983: 2656: 2653:"The internalization o Quest-Romance", en Romanticism and Consciousness 2420: 2037: 1690: 1386: 1355: 555:), despite the fact that they represented European Literary Modernism. 324: 1865: 4869: 4198: 4080: 3412: 3131: 2759:

El teatro romántico español (1830–1850). Autores, obras, bibliografía

2752: 2692: 2616: 2066: 2033: 2021: 2020:, a collection of chronicles composed during his stay at the Veruela 1428:, about a Gallego troubador who kills a husband blinded by jealousy. 1347: 943: 921: 563: 510: 506: 1659:, a play which premiered in the Teatro del Príncipe (the modern-day 1287: 1096: 100: 5009: 2459:

contemplating, from a rock, the nations that followed in his wake.

1913: 1464:("Get married soon and badly", with autobiographic undertones) and 543:, and was widely attacked by the neo-Classicists. Against him were 1976:

but found his calling as a writer. At 18 years of age he moved to

1813: 524: 4681: 3432: 3023: 2002: 1965: 1737: 1070: 701: 599: 517: 438: 2104:(To My Mother, 1863) possess some Romantic characteristics with 1468:("The crude Castilian", against the crudity of the countryside). 311:, whose nature was antithetical to that of Romantic literature. 3126: 2742: 2732: 2722: 2712: 2702: 2676: 2666: 2646: 2636: 2626: 2606: 2596: 2586: 2576: 2566: 2424: 2287: 2078: 2059: 2029: 2024:. In a similar manner, all of Bécquer's poetry is collected in 1977: 1973: 1969: 1869: 1839: 1817: 1694: 1664: 1611: 1410: 1291: 1246: 1006: 997: 964: 714: 709: 661: 520: 2814: 2069:

Manuel Murguía. The couple lived in various places throughout

535:, published a series of articles between 1818 and 1819 in the 30:"Romanticismo" redirects here. For the 1950 Italian film, see 1618: 713:

the point of marrying another lover, when in 1842 he died in

1675: 1306:(Andalucían scenes) (1848), containing descriptions such as 314: 3082: 1162:

Ensayo sobre el catolicismo, el liberalismo y el socialismo

968: 824:, but his most important work was his poetry. He published 665:, frequently associated with political and literary events. 54:

personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay

1997:

lifestyle. In 1870 his inseparable companion and brother

1245:

Ramón Mesonero Romanos (1803–1882) was born and died in

1196:(literature of manners), which manifested itself in the 1744:(17th century) and other national and foreign authors. 1456:("Come back tomorrow" - a satire of public officials), 1972:

and raised by his godmother. He dreamed of becoming a

1009:, where she died in 1911. Her most important work is 651:, value placed on marginalized people, such as beggars 1940:, though the latters have little critical relevance. 2551:, which was accessed in the version of 25 June 2006. 1475:, where he criticized the romantic works of the era. 1325: 879:

the dead, he marries the corpse of Elvira, and dies.

610:

Some of the characteristics of Romantic poetry are:

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Historia de la Literatura Española. El Romanticismo

1782:His first works are full of neoclassicism, such as 1587: 125:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2260:These poets could also be considered adherents of 1771:. As a politician, he intervened fervently in the 1499:Romanticism triumphed in the Spanish theatre with 1099:1846. A lawyer and diplomat, he was the author of 1572:, as the neo-Classicists intended, but rather to 1062:(80 of his works had been translated), author of 425: 5254: 2573:Historia de la Literatura Española. El Siglo XIX 2509: 1849: 949: 196: 1912:, and poems became more personal and intimate. 298:• Literature subsequent to the Civil War 2247:brought the poems back into the limelight. In 1920:The most well-known poets of this period were 1568:dizzying speed. The point of drama was not to 2830: 2791:Sociedad de Literatura Española del Siglo XIX 1346:Throughout the 19th century, the role of the 1275: 2685:, G. Carnero, Universidad de Valencia, 1978. 2108:verses. Her three most memorable works are: 1827: 1701:. The courts granted him a pension in 1886. 1543:), by the Duke of Rivas, had its premiere. 1385:in 1833, many important changes occurred in 1234: 793:enjoyments, happiness, successes, deliriums, 2810:La pintura teatral española en el siglo XIX 2719:Trayectoria del romanticismo español Madrid 2643:Historia del movimiento romántico en España 2524: 1797: 1192:Between 1820 and 1870, Spain developed the 2837: 2823: 2089:, a suitable site for a lover of Galicia. 1606:Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano ( 1424:; and finally, the historical novel, with 473:Attraction of the nocturnal and mysterious 2663:Panorama crítico del romanticismo español 2605:, A. Béguin, Fonde de Cultura Económica, 2032:(with rare exceptions), generally employ 2028:. The 79 poems are short, have 2,3, or 4 2008:Bécquer's prose work is contained within 1943: 1767:Martínez de la Rosa (1787–1862), born in 1728:, about the death of the king don Pedro; 1651:Rivas' fame is largely based on his work 818:Sancho Saldaña o El castellano de Cuéllar 315:Traditional and revolutionary Romanticism 185:Learn how and when to remove this message 83:Learn how and when to remove this message 2085:in 1885, and her remains were buried at 1947: 1784:La niña en casa y la madre en la máscara 1674: 1591: 1350:was decisive. The Barcelona publication 1329: 1184: 1121:Amaya, or the Basques of the 8th century 909: 899: 683: 589: 448: 318: 2673:El Romanticismo: tradición y revolución 2629:, Fundación Juan March, Castalia, 1983. 2408: 1438:Andrés Niporesas, El pobrecito hablador 961:Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda y Arteaga 788:and the disaster and furor of passions, 760:de mi propia cosecha, que es mi fuerte. 730:por mar y tierra, lances, descripciones 485:antiquity, the Romantics preferred the 14: 5255: 2439:. His most notable poetical works are 2361:of the crystal that one looks through. 1535:. But the key event was in 1835, when 740:y el desastre y furor de las pasiones, 5184:Romanticism and the French Revolution 2818: 2709:La época del Romanticismo (1808–1874) 2267: 2255: 783:of countryside and cities, challenges 673: 2799:Romanticismo frente a Clasicismo en 2761:, P. Menarini, Bologna, Atesa, 1982. 2043: 1644:. His conversion became complete in 1426:El doncel de don Enrique el Doliente 1418:Sátira contra los vicios de la corte 1218:Los españoles pintados por sí mismos 1142: 1117:Amaya, o los vascos en el siglo VIII 1049: 978: 778:by sea and land, deeds, descriptions 390: 334: 123:adding citations to reliable sources 94: 36: 2755:, Crítica, 1989 (1ª edición, 1974). 2510:García Castañeda, Salvador (1987). 2455:), in which Núñez de Arce portrays 2441:La última lamentación de lord Byron 2373:had philosophical ambitions, as in 745:goces, dichas, aciertos, desvaríos, 704:. He founded the secret society of 386: 134:"Romanticism in Spanish literature" 24: 2783:El Romanticismo en don Quijote.org 2775:Biblioteca Literaria del Siglo XIX 2543:This article draws heavily on the 2445:The last lamentation of Lord Byron 1891: 1838:Hartzenbusch was born and died in 875:El estudiante de Salamanca (1839): 808:my forte: My own personal harvest. 25: 5279: 2765: 2575:(I), Víctor García de la Concha, 1719:To a good judge, a better witness 1326:Journalism: Mariano José de Larra 1286:Calderón (1799–1867) was born in 861:). His most important works were 755:acerca de la vida y de la muerte, 5237: 5236: 2492:Evolution of Spanish literature. 2094:El caballero de las botas azules 1985:secured a monthly income of 500 1747: 1670: 1602:Ángel de Saavedra, Duke of Rivas 1596:Ángel de Saavedra, Duke of Rivas 1588:Ángel de Saavedra, Duke of Rivas 1541:Don Álvaro, or the Power of Fate 820:(1834), and the epic poem, with 773:Battles, tempests, love affairs, 637:historical and mythical subjects 394: 338: 99: 41: 2844: 2595:, Susan Kirkpatrick, Castalia, 2556: 2356:everything depends on the color 2351:nothing is either truth or lie; 1753:Francisco Martínez de la Rosa, 1657:Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino 1537:Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino 750:con algunas morales reflexiones 725:Batallas, tempestades, amoríos, 692:Espronceda was born in 1808 in 110:needs additional citations for 2518: 2514:. Madrid: Cátedra. p. 99. 2503: 2062:she met and later married the 1794:("The conspiracy of Venice"). 1740:, written about previously by 1730:Traitor, Confessor, and Martyr 895: 735:de campos y ciudades, desafíos 426:Characteristics of Romanticism 369: 13: 1: 5207:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 2739:Poesía española del siglo XIX 2689:Los orígenes del Romanticismo 2615:, Gras Balaguer, Montesinos, 2496: 2483:General view of the movement. 1880:("Die and you will see") and 1876:("To the ancient smallpox"), 1856:Manuel Bretón de los Herreros 1850:Manuel Bretón de los Herreros 1763:Francisco Martínez de la Rosa 1636:, 1874) and dramatic genres ( 1583:psychology of the characters. 1509:Francisco Martínez de la Rosa 1136:Francisco Martínez de la Rosa 956:Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda 950:Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda 936:Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda 905:Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda 497: 2701:, G. Güntert y J.L. Varela, 2645:, E. Allison Peers, Gredos, 2603:El alma romántica y el sueño 2333:del cristal con que se mira. 1108:Francisco Navarro Villoslada 7: 2735:, El Museo Universal, 1952. 2462: 2174:qu'antes os gallegos morran 798:with some moral reflections 562:was a journal published in 10: 5284: 5124:Coleridge's theory of life 2729:De ilustrados y románticos 2549:Spanish-language Knowledge 2453:The vision of Friar Martin 2412: 2323:nada es verdad ni mentira; 2271: 2179:qu'ir a pedirvos sustento. 2169:castellanos que aborrezco, 2164:Premita Dios, castellanos, 2047: 2036:rhyme, and are written in 1957: 1853: 1831: 1801: 1760: 1726:The Shoemaker and the King 1682: 1599: 1486: 1432:Larra's Newspaper Articles 1339: 1282:Serafín Estébanez Calderón 1279: 1276:Serafín Estébanez Calderón 1238: 1229:Serafín Estébanez Calderón 1132:Serafín Estébanez Calderón 1058:developed in imitation of 982: 953: 863:El estudiante de Salamanca 677: 529:Juan Nicolás Böhl de Faber 29: 18:Spanish Romance literature 5216: 5179:Romanticism and economics 5116: 5008: 4755: 4577: 4522: 4491: 4415: 4364: 4313: 4272: 4181: 4125: 4089: 4043: 4034: 3879: 3823: 3772: 3731: 3690: 3644: 3586: 3456: 3335: 3257: 3194:Manuel Antônio de Almeida 3176: 3167: 3053: 2921: 2852: 2665:, Leonardo Romero Tobar, 2474:List of Romantic authors. 2346:In this treacherous world 1834:Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch 1828:Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch 1792:La conjuración de Venecia 1533:Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch 1501:La conjuración de Venecia 1241:Ramón de Mesonero Romanos 1235:Ramón de Mesonero Romanos 1225:Ramón de Mesonero Romanos 1202:vignette of everyday life 967:February 1, 1873) was a 585: 568:Bonaventura Carles Aribau 381:Ramón de Mesonero Romanos 2959:German historical school 2583:La Imaginación romántica 2470:Spanish Romantic writers 2449:La visión de Fray Martín 2375:¡Quién supiera escribir! 2215:aquel brincar sin dolor, 1804:Antonio García Gutiérrez 1798:Antonio García Gutiérrez 1521:Antonio García Gutiérrez 1407:(The poor little talker) 1016: 3606:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 2691:, F. Garrido Pallardó, 2675:, M. H. Abrams, Visor, 2633:El romanticismo español 2623:El romanticismo español 2585:, C. M. Bowra, Taurus, 2236:En las orillas del Sar: 2146:airiños, levaime a ela. 2141:airiños, airiños aires, 2131:Airiños, airiños aires, 2100:(The Flower, 1857) and 2016:fashion. He also wrote 1505:The Venetian Conspiracy 1409:Mariano José de Larra ( 1403:Mariano José de Larra, 1320:Los Filósofos del figón 1262:Memorias de un setentón 1194:literatura costumbrista 594:Sculpture dedicated to 5189:Romanticism in science 5144:Middle Ages in history 5139:List of Romantic poets 3851:Josiah Gilbert Holland 2635:, Ricardo Navas Ruiz, 2433:The bundle of firewood 2367: 2339: 2328:todo es según el color 2231: 2210:Aquelas risas sin fin, 2185: 2152: 2136:airiños da miña terra; 2087:Santiago de Compostela 2056:Santiago de Compostela 1960:Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer 1955: 1953:Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer 1944:Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer 1922:Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer 1868:, in 1796 and died in 1816:, in 1813 and died in 1808:Gutiérrez was born in 1757:(Writer of transition) 1755:escritor de transición 1680: 1597: 1337: 1093:Villafranca del Bierzo 1088:Enrique Gil y Carrasco 917: 907: 814: 803:about life, death, and 766: 689: 622:, setting down in his 603: 549:Antonio Alcalá Galiano 505:came to Spain through 458: 455:Caspar David Friedrich 403:This section is empty. 347:This section is empty. 332: 63:by rewriting it in an 5159:Romantic epistemology 5149:Opium and Romanticism 3718:Stojadinović-Srpkinja 2944:Counter-Enlightenment 2715:, Espasa-Calpe, 1989. 2579:, Espasa Calpe, 1998. 2545:corresponding article 2379:Who knew how to write 2340: 2318:En este mundo traidor 2312: 2220:aquela louca alegría, 2204: 2158: 2125: 2018:Cartas desde mi celda 1968:in 1836, Bécquer was 1951: 1908:declined in favor of 1860:Herreros was born in 1844:Los amantes de Teruel 1678: 1595: 1525:Los amantes de Teruel 1466:El castellano grosero 1405:El pobrecito hablador 1342:Mariano José de Larra 1335:Mariano José de Larra 1333: 1300:Cristianos y moriscos 1255:The talking bystander 1149:Constitution of Cádiz 1128:Mariano José de Larra 1024:Alexandre Dumas, père 932:Nicomedes Pastor Díaz 913: 903: 767: 719: 687: 593: 531:, father of novelist 479:Flight from the world 467:Mariano José de Larra 452: 443:rule of three unities 322: 5223:Age of Enlightenment 2865:England (literature) 2565:, Juan Luis Alborg, 2415:Gaspar Núñez de Arce 2409:Gaspar Núñez de Arce 1938:Gaspar Núñez de Arce 1882:El pelo de la dehesa 1715:Margarita la Tornera 1529:The Lovers of Teruel 1462:Casarse pronto y mal 1198:cuadro de costumbres 1101:El señor de Bembibre 553:Age of Enlightenment 545:José Joaquín de Mora 119:improve this article 5268:Romantic literature 5174:Romantic psychology 2969:Hudson River School 2913:Sweden (literature) 2898:Russia (literature) 2625:, Vicente Llorens, 2512:Romances históricos 2383:El gaitero de Gijón 2249:Las orillas del Sar 1874:A la vejez viruelas 1777:Rosita la pastelera 1693:, 1817 and died in 1646:Romances históricos 1454:Vuelva usted mañana 1381:After the death of 1312:La feria de Mairena 1270:Escenas matritenses 1266:Panorama matritense 1251:El curioso parlante 1227:and the Andalusian 859:Song of the Cossack 226:Miguel de Cervantes 210:Medieval literature 201:Literature of Spain 32:Romanticismo (film) 5263:Spanish literature 3159:White Mountain art 3100:Historical fiction 2908:Spain (literature) 2488:Spanish literature 2437:Philip II of Spain 2387:The piper of Gijón 2274:Ramón de Campoamor 2268:Ramón de Campoamor 2256:Antiromantic poets 2114:Cantares gallegos: 1991:revolution of 1868 1956: 1934:Ramón de Campoamor 1901:'s German poetry. 1681: 1598: 1480:political articles 1450:customism articles 1391:José de Espronceda 1338: 1316:Un baile en Triana 1294:. He was known as 1157:Juan Donoso Cortés 963:(March 23, 1814 – 918: 908: 835:Song of the Pirate 831:Canción del pirata 694:Pajares de la Vega 690: 688:José de Espronceda 680:José de Espronceda 674:José de Espronceda 649:Social vindication 620:José de Espronceda 618:, the inner self. 604: 516:In Andalucía, the 459: 333: 65:encyclopedic style 52:is written like a 5250: 5249: 5164:Romantic medicine 5134:List of romantics 4573: 4572: 4224:Felix Mendelssohn 4219:Fanny Mendelssohn 4030: 4029: 3744:Rosalía de Castro 3682:Soares dos Passos 3030:Transcendentalism 2994:Nazarene movement 2954:Düsseldorf School 2711:, H. Juretschke, 2669:, Castalia, 1994. 2403:The Express Train 2241:Castilian Spanish 2120:Cantares gallegos 2050:Rosalía de Castro 2044:Rosalía de Castro 1930:Rosalía de Castro 1473:literary articles 1458:Corridas de toros 1180:(1845) stand out. 1143:Scholarly writing 1050:Historical novels 990:Carolina Coronado 985:Carolina Coronado 979:Carolina Coronado 927:(1805–1873), the 915:Carolina Coronado 572:Ramón López Soler 423: 422: 367: 366: 302: 301: 292:Generation of '27 276:Generation of '98 195: 194: 187: 169: 93: 92: 85: 27:Artistic movement 16:(Redirected from 5275: 5240: 5239: 5199:Evolution theory 4041: 4040: 3174: 3173: 3035:Ukrainian school 2839: 2832: 2825: 2816: 2815: 2808: 2797: 2789: 2781: 2773: 2745:, Cátedra, 1985. 2725:, Crítica, 1983. 2639:, Cátedra, 1982. 2535: 2534: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2507: 2245:Generation of 98 2225:¿por qué acabóu? 1734:Don Juan Tenorio 1699:Don Juan Tenorio 1460:("Bull races"), 1304:Escenas analuzas 1056:historical novel 938:(1814–1873) and 884:El diablo mundo: 855:Canto del cosaco 537:Diario Mercantil 533:Fernán Caballero 418: 415: 405:You can help by 398: 391: 387:Historic context 362: 359: 349:You can help by 342: 335: 197: 190: 183: 179: 176: 170: 168: 127: 103: 95: 88: 81: 77: 74: 68: 45: 44: 37: 21: 5283: 5282: 5278: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5245: 5234: 5226: 5212: 5169:Romantic poetry 5154:Romantic ballet 5129:German idealism 5112: 5078:Lacoue-Labarthe 5004: 4751: 4569: 4518: 4487: 4468:Rimsky-Korsakov 4411: 4360: 4309: 4268: 4177: 4121: 4085: 4026: 3875: 3819: 3768: 3727: 3686: 3640: 3582: 3523:Maria Edgeworth 3459: 3452: 3331: 3253: 3163: 3142:Romantic genius 3072:Gesamtkunstwerk 3049: 3010:Sturm und Drang 2917: 2848: 2843: 2806: 2795: 2787: 2779: 2771: 2768: 2659:, Norton, 1970. 2649:, 1954, 2 vols. 2613:El Romanticismo 2569:, Gredos, 1980. 2559: 2539: 2538: 2523: 2519: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2465: 2417: 2411: 2399:El tren expreso 2391:Pequeños poemas 2304:Pequeños poemas 2276: 2270: 2258: 2052: 2046: 1962: 1946: 1894: 1892:Postromanticism 1886:Muérete y verás 1878:Muérete y verás 1858: 1852: 1836: 1830: 1806: 1800: 1773:Cortes of Cádiz 1765: 1759: 1750: 1742:Tirso de Molina 1687: 1673: 1655:and especially 1604: 1590: 1489: 1440:and above all, 1368:Trienio Liberal 1344: 1328: 1284: 1278: 1243: 1237: 1190: 1145: 1052: 1019: 987: 981: 958: 952: 898: 867:El diablo mundo 843:The Executioner 696:, located near 682: 676: 635:Inspiration by 630:Passionate love 588: 576:Luigi Monteggia 500: 428: 419: 413: 410: 389: 374: 363: 357: 354: 329:Thomas Phillips 317: 203: 191: 180: 174: 171: 128: 126: 116: 104: 89: 78: 72: 69: 61:help improve it 58: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5281: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5248: 5247: 5227: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5210: 5203: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5120: 5118: 5117:Related topics 5114: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 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Marrast, 2746: 2741:, J. Urrutia, 2736: 2726: 2716: 2706: 2696: 2695:, Labor, 1968. 2686: 2680: 2670: 2660: 2650: 2640: 2630: 2620: 2610: 2600: 2593:Las Románticas 2590: 2580: 2570: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2537: 2536: 2517: 2501: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2484: 2475: 2464: 2461: 2429:El haz de leña 2413:Main article: 2410: 2407: 2366: 2365: 2364: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2338: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2272:Main article: 2269: 2266: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2230: 2229: 2228: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2203: 2202: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2124: 2123: 2048:Main article: 2045: 2042: 1958:Main article: 1945: 1942: 1926:Augusto Ferrán 1899:Heinrich Heine 1893: 1890: 1854:Main article: 1851: 1848: 1832:Main article: 1829: 1826: 1802:Main article: 1799: 1796: 1761:Main article: 1758: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1683:Main article: 1672: 1669: 1661:Teatro Español 1600:Main article: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1577: 1562: 1555: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1483: 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3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3568:P. B. Shelley 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3548:Mary Robinson 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3277:Chateaubriand 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3107: 3106:Mal du siècle 3103: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3007: 3006: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2803: 2802: 2794: 2792: 2786: 2784: 2778: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731:, P. Sebold, 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721:, P. Sebold, 2720: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2521: 2513: 2506: 2502: 2491: 2489: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2460: 2458: 2457:Martin Luther 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2423:, 1834– 2422: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2302:, and in the 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2286:, 1817– 2285: 2281: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2194: 2193:(New leaves): 2192: 2187: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1961: 1954: 1950: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1835: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1764: 1756: 1748:Other authors 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1706: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1686: 1685:José Zorrilla 1679:José Zorrilla 1677: 1671:José Zorrilla 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1642:El desterrado 1639: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1603: 1594: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517:The Troubador 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1494: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1400: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1336: 1332: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1283: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1242: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1187: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1085: 1084: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1047: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1028:Chateaubriand 1025: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 986: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 957: 947: 945: 941: 937: 934:(1811–1863), 933: 930: 926: 923: 916: 912: 906: 902: 890: 886: 885: 881: 877: 876: 872: 871: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 827: 823: 819: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 770: 769: 768: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 722: 721: 720: 718: 716: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 686: 681: 671: 664: 663: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 638: 634: 631: 628: 625: 621: 617: 613: 612: 611: 608: 601: 597: 592: 583: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 492: 488: 484: 480: 477: 474: 471: 468: 464: 461: 460: 456: 451: 444: 440: 436: 435: 434:Neoclassicism 432:Rejection of 430: 429: 417: 408: 404: 400: 397: 393: 392: 384: 382: 378: 372: 361: 352: 348: 344: 341: 337: 336: 330: 326: 321: 312: 310: 306: 297: 296: 293: 289: 288: 285: 281: 280: 277: 273: 272: 269: 268: 263: 262: 259: 255: 254: 251: 247: 246: 243: 242:Enlightenment 239: 238: 235: 231: 230: 227: 223: 222: 219: 215: 214: 211: 207: 206: 202: 199: 198: 189: 186: 178: 167: 164: 160: 157: 153: 150: 146: 143: 139: 136: – 135: 131: 130:Find sources: 124: 120: 114: 113: 108:This article 106: 102: 97: 96: 87: 84: 76: 66: 62: 56: 55: 50:This article 48: 39: 38: 33: 19: 5235: 5228: 5221: 5205: 4925:Porto-Alegre 4579:Philosophers 4463:Rachmaninoff 3912:Chavchavadze 3902:Baratashvili 3662:João de Deus 3631:Wincenty Pol 3423:Küchelbecker 3151: 3117:Noble savage 3104: 3070: 3045:Wallenrodism 3022: 3008: 2939:Coppet group 2907: 2873:(literature) 2807:(in Spanish) 2800: 2796:(in Spanish) 2788:(in Spanish) 2780:(in Spanish) 2772:(in Spanish) 2758: 2748: 2738: 2728: 2718: 2708: 2705:, UCM, 1986. 2698: 2688: 2682: 2672: 2662: 2655:, H. Bloom, 2652: 2642: 2632: 2622: 2612: 2602: 2592: 2582: 2572: 2562: 2557:Bibliography 2542: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2511: 2505: 2486: 2477: 2468: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2432: 2428: 2418: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2368: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2277: 2259: 2248: 2235: 2234: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2198: 2191:Follas novas 2189: 2188: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2119: 2113: 2112: 2106:Esproncedian 2101: 2097: 2093: 2091: 2053: 2025: 2017: 2009: 2007: 1982:tuberculosis 1963: 1919: 1903: 1895: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1859: 1843: 1837: 1821: 1807: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1781: 1776: 1766: 1754: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1723: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1688: 1656: 1652: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1627: 1616: 1605: 1579: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1557: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1528: 1524: 1516: 1512: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1493:Siglo de Oro 1490: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1441: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1415: 1404: 1402: 1401: 1395: 1383:Fernando VII 1380: 1375: 1371: 1364:Walter Scott 1351: 1345: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1296:El solitario 1295: 1290:and died in 1285: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1244: 1221: 1217: 1211: 1208:Costumbrismo 1207: 1206: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1191: 1185: 1177: 1173: 1169:Jaime Balmes 1167: 1161: 1155: 1146: 1120: 1116: 1106: 1100: 1086: 1079: 1075: 1069: 1063: 1060:Walter Scott 1053: 1044: 1040:costumbrismo 1039: 1032:Walter Scott 1020: 1010: 1002:Extremaduran 994:Almendralejo 989: 988: 960: 959: 919: 888: 883: 882: 874: 873: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 825: 821: 817: 815: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 705: 698:Almendralejo 691: 668: 660: 654: 648: 642: 636: 629: 623: 615: 609: 605: 580:Romanticismo 579: 559: 557: 541:Siglo de Oro 536: 515: 501: 478: 472: 463:Subjectivism 462: 453:Painting by 442: 431: 411: 407:adding to it 402: 375: 370: 355: 351:adding to it 346: 323:Portrait of 303: 284:Novecentismo 283: 266: 181: 172: 162: 155: 148: 141: 129: 117:Please help 112:verification 109: 79: 70: 51: 4915:Michałowski 4747:Wackenroder 4712:F. Schlegel 4707:A. Schlegel 4483:Tchaikovsky 4372:Bortkiewicz 4244:R. Schumann 4239:C. Schumann 4204:Kalkbrenner 4173:Saint-Saëns 3478:Anne Brontë 3363:Eichendorff 3348:B. v. Arnim 3343:A. v. Arnim 3153:Weltschmerz 3112:Medievalism 3061:Blue flower 2989:Nationalist 2934:Bohemianism 2846:Romanticism 2479:Romanticism 2395:Short poems 2083:Iria Flavia 1822:El trovador 1788:Aben Humeya 1580:Characters: 1561:characters. 1513:El Trovador 1372:El Zurriago 1213:costumbrism 1186:Costumbrist 1178:El criterio 1036:Victor Hugo 973:Sab (novel) 925:Juan Arolas 896:Other poets 865:(1839) and 503:Romanticism 491:Renaissance 487:Middle Ages 483:Greco-Roman 377:Costumbrism 371:Costumbrism 305:Romanticism 250:Romanticism 218:Renaissance 5257:Categories 4790:Chassériau 4765:Aivazovsky 4473:Rubinstein 4458:Mussorgsky 4407:Wieniawski 4392:Paderewski 4234:Moszkowski 4017:Vörösmarty 4007:Shevchenko 3861:Longfellow 3785:Batyushkov 3780:Baratynsky 3749:Espronceda 3616:Mickiewicz 3611:Malczewski 3578:Wordsworth 3563:M. Shelley 3518:de Quincey 3383:Günderrode 3267:Baudelaire 3147:Wanderlust 2984:Lake Poets 2801:El Artista 2657:Nueva York 2497:References 2421:Valladolid 2102:A mi madre 2038:free verse 1691:Valladolid 1551:Structure: 1387:journalism 1376:La Manopla 1352:El Europeo 922:Barcelonan 851:The Beggar 847:El mendigo 839:El verdugo 560:El Europeo 498:Beginnings 414:March 2022 358:March 2022 325:Lord Byron 267:Modernismo 145:newspapers 5230:Modernism 4890:Kiprensky 4850:Géricault 4835:Friedrich 4825:Delacroix 4800:Constable 4780:Bonington 4770:Bierstadt 4722:Senancour 4697:Schelling 4652:Lamennais 4647:Khomyakov 4612:Coleridge 4607:Chaadayev 4514:Stanković 4509:Mokranjac 4428:Balakirev 4387:Moniuszko 4336:Donizetti 4331:Cherubini 4229:Meyerbeer 4214:Marschner 4189:Beethoven 4102:Moscheles 4036:Musicians 4022:Wergeland 3987:Orbeliani 3942:Grundtvig 3846:Hawthorne 3815:Zhukovsky 3810:Vyazemsky 3795:Lermontov 3754:Gutiérrez 3713:Radičević 3677:Herculano 3601:Krasiński 3543:Radcliffe 3513:Coleridge 3488:E. Brontë 3483:C. 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