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the monarch, the surviving mother or father, or oldest relative of legal age who is nearest in line to the throne, would immediately assume the office of Regent, who in any case must be
Spanish. If a monarch becomes incapacitated, and that incapacitation is recognized by the Cortes Generales, then the Prince of Asturias (the heir apparent), shall immediately become Regent, if he is of age. If the Prince of Asturias is himself a minor, then the Cortes Generales shall appoint a Regency which may be composed of one, three, or five persons. The person of the king in his minority shall fall under the guardianship of the person designated in the will of the deceased monarch, provided that he or she be of age and of Spanish nationality. If no guardian has been appointed in the will, then the father or mother will then assume the guardianship, as long as they remain widowed. Otherwise, the Cortes Generales shall appoint both the Regent(s) and the guardian, who in this case may not be held by the same person, except by the father or mother of direct relation of the king.
4871:
Head of State may carry out his tasks with the independence which is inherent to his constitutional functions, as well as with due effectiveness and dignity". The annual budget pays the remunerations for senior management staff, management staff and career civil servants, other minor staffing positions, and for general office expenses. The Head of
Household, Secretary General, and other management staff salaries must be comparable to other administration ministers within the government, though in no way do they form part of the government or administration. As such, the management staff experience increases, decreases, or freezes to their pay in accordance with the fluctuations of government minister salaries. Additionally, the annual budget pays for the maintenance and expenses of senior members of the royal family who undertake royal duties; which includes grocery, clothing, and toiletries allotments. The budget approved by the Cortes for 2010 was just under 7.4 million euros, a budget only slightly larger than that spent on the
4511:
publishing the budget spent on the monarchy and royal household. In 2012, the king and Prince of
Asturias volunteered an additional 7% pay-cut in solidarity with government officials, bringing the king's taxable income for 2012 at about 270,000 euros, and that of the prince at 131,000 euros. Of the events surrounding the safari, the contrite king issued a rare apology and said "I am very sorry. I made a mistake. It will not happen again." Furthermore, the king and the Prince of Asturias stepped up public engagements, particularly those of a business nature, in an effort to promote "Brand Spain", as the king put it as he answered written questions. The king's mantra for Spanish business; "Export, export, export!" Spanish business magnates rallied to the king's cause; "From a corporate point of view,
4750:, supports and facilitates the monarch and members of the royal family in fulfilling their constitutionally hereditary responsibilities and obligations. The royal household is funded through yearly budgets drafted by the government of the day in consultation with the monarch, and brought before the Cortes for approval, and then paid directly to the monarch. The royal household coordinates with various government administration ministries, and receives their advice and support where needed, though in no way does the royal household form part of the government administration. Royal household staff serve at the pleasure of the monarch, and does not resign when the Spanish government resigns during election cycles. The royal household is managed by the
3322:
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in this life it is as important to form and strengthen character enough to permit us to lead, it is not any less to know how to obey. In spite of the high positions that we hold in life, it will always be vital to know we also have duties to perform and obedience always involves real honour We have to build a closely united family, without fissures or contradictions, we must not forget that on all and on each one of us are fixed the eyes of
Spaniards whom we should serve with body and soul. I do not want to prolong my first letter any more in order not to tire you, but I would hope that this as well as the succeeding ones I send you leave a profound impression on you and are read calmly and thought about seriously.
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administration. During the political transition to democracy (1973–1982) he occupied several high public offices, he has been
President of the Spanish Federation of Sociology (1995–98), President of the Forum for the Social Integration of Immigrants (1999–2002) and Vice-President of Members and Finances of the International Sociological Association (ISA). Currently he is Elected Member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, member of the High-Level Advisory Group on Dialogue between Peoples and Cultures of the Mediterranean (personally appointed by the President of the European Commission), member of the Executive Committee of the
4560:
not only of the abdication but of his reign as a whole. According to a poll taken by El Mundo, believed the king's reign was either good or very good, up from 41.3 per cent. Overall, 55.7 per cent of those polled in the 3–5 June survey by Sigma Dos supported the institution of the monarchy in Spain, up from 49.9 per cent when the same question was posed six months earlier. 57.5 per cent believed the Felipe VI could restore the royal family's lost prestige. An overwhelming majority of
Spaniards believe Felipe VI would make a good monarch and more than three-quarters believe Juan Carlos was right to hand over the throne to his son.
1824:
4875:. In 2011 the king addressed the perennial critique of the monarchy; that of how the annual budget awarded to the monarchy and royal household is spent. The report revealed that only 9.6% of the 8.4 million euros budgeted that year for the monarchy are paid to royal family members as 'salaries and representative duties', with the difference marked for royal household operational expenses such as household staff salaries, various insurance premiums and liabilities, services, and 'supplementals' such as overhead. In 2012, the monarchy volunteered an additional 7% pay-cut in solidarity with government officials.
4220:
academies where virtues are praised and qualities infused which are not modified by time or by the changes that may occur in society ... In my heart, in all my being, side by side with my love for the country, palpitates military spirit, and I feel always identified with my companions in the army, with your concerns, your sorrows, your satisfactions and your hopes. So when I see you joyful, I am joyful. When I feel You sad, I am sad. And all, absolutely all of your worries, all absolutely all of your problems gravitate on your king and
Captain General-your companion-with the same intensity that is felt by you.
4739:
3933:
years, the president has not asked for its dissolution, according to Title II Article 56. The president may call for earlier elections, but no sooner than a year after the prior
General Election. Additionally, if the Government loses the confidence of the Cortes, then it must resign. In the event that a president dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, then the government as a whole resigns and the process of royal nomination and appointment takes place. The vice president would take over the day-to-day operations in the meantime, even while vice president himself may be nominated by the king.
4215:
takes a keen interest in all aspects of military policy as evidenced by "his direct participation in the life of the
Spanish Armed Forces". The king's participation in Spanish military life stems from his constitutional duty to "arbitrate and moderate" the regular working of state institutions. Serving in the armed forces is considered an expectation of the heir apparent, Juan Carlos and Felipe VI served in the various branches of the armed forces before they became kings. The monarch has made his desire for a strong rapport with the armed forces clear in speeches to his officer corps:
3833:
4089:, and high-ranking members of the Foreign Ministry are made available to the king when he is abroad representing Spain. The royal household coordinates with the Foreign Ministry to ensure successful diplomatic engagements. Additionally, other members of the royal family, most notably the Prince of Asturias, may represent the Spanish State internationally. Though the Spanish monarchy is independent of the government, it is important that royal speeches are compatible with government foreign policy to project a unified diplomatic effort. To achieve balance, royal household
8480:
6271:: Book II: "Silences of the Middle Ages". Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 1992, 2000 (5th printing). Chapter 6, "Women in the Fifth to the Tenth Century" by Suzanne Fonay Wemple, p. 74. According to Wemple, Visigothic women of Spain and Aquitaine could inherit land and title and manage it independently of their husbands, and dispose of it as they saw fit if they had no heirs, and represent themselves in court, appear as witnesses (over the age of 14), and arrange their own marriages over the age of twenty.
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83:
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1961:
217:
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4842:(National Heritage) on behalf of the government of the day, and made available for the king as the head of state. Whenever a member of the royal family is not in residence, the royal site is made available for public visitations. The royal household coordinates directly with the National Heritage Council and relevant government ministries or other interests in their planning and staging of state events, with royal sites often providing the setting.
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decisions. Therefore, Juan Carlos abstained from presiding over cabinet meetings except under special occasions or circumstances. Generally, the king presides over cabinet meetings once or twice a year (more regularly if needed) to be directly informed by ministers of non-partisan national and international concerns. However, the king does meet weekly, usually on
Tuesday mornings, with the President of the Government. During the
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3921:, the political leaders would customarily have met beforehand to hammer out a coalition agreements before their meeting with the king. Once appointed, the President of the Government forms an administration whose ministers are appointed and removed by the king on the president's advice. No minister may take up his appointment until after they give their oath of office to obey the constitution with loyalty to the king.
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4622:, a role the Spanish constitution recognizes. Royal patronage conveys a sense of official credibility as the organization is vetted for suitability. A royal presence often greatly raises the profile of the organization and attracts public interest and media coverage that the organization may not have otherwise garnered, aiding in the charitable cause or cultural event. Royals use their considerable
4418:"I have had to stand snubs and contempt, incomprehension and annoyances that you, thank God, have not known", reminded the king to his son in one letter. The private letters from father to son remain within the royal household, but were copied and released into the public domain without any approval or foreknowledge, according to a Zarzuela palace official who confirmed the letter's authenticity.
4028:
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King. It does not apply to any other member of the royal family. When Juan Carlos I abdicated the throne to his successor Felipe VI he automatically forfeited his constitutional sovereign immunity and can be charged in a court of law. However, special legislation was passed by parliament prior to his abdication that states he may only be tried by Spain's Supreme Court and no other.
4507:. Though elephant hunting is legal on the game preserve in Botswana, the World Wildlife Fund lists elephants as an endangered species, and the public outcry led to the WWF to strip the king of his honorary patronage in July, 2012. With the perceived disconnect public support of the monarchy has dropped to a new low of only 49%, according to a December 2011 Metroscopia survey.
4360:) in 2008. According to Villespin, the king's traditional approval rating of over 70% through the years consistently out-performed those of elected political leaders, with a similar percentage of respondents considering that the king played an important role in maintaining Spanish democracy. Public trust in Juan Carlos' kingship "comes only behind that of the
7827:
4791:. The website lists biographical information on members of the immediate royal family, charts their activities, records speeches given at events, and publishes their expected diary of upcoming events, among other information. Additionally, the public relations department publishes the king's diary of his private meetings and the
3659:
issued a decree reforming the succession to noble titles from male preference primogeniture to absolute primogeniture. Since the order of succession to the Crown is codified in the Constitution, its reform mandates a complicated process that involves a dissolution of parliament, a constitutional election, and a referendum.
3318:", and the address of "Your Excellency". The royal decree further limits the ability of any regent to use or create titles during the minority or incapacitation of a monarch. No further constitutional language prescribes titles or forms of address to the fourth generation, or great grandchildren, of a reigning monarch.
4468:" for the monarchy, as members of the royal family became increasingly seen as out-of-step with the Spanish mainstream or drawn into scandal. Queen SofĂa was criticized in 2008 for inarticulately disclosing her private opinions on gay marriage in a biography publicly released that year. In 2011 the king's son-in-law
6453:'s exploratory voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. The sea route he established paved the way for the Spanish conquest of much of the Americas. As of 2023, the official budget for the Spanish monarchy is 8.4 million euros, one of the lowest public expenditures for the institution of monarchy in Europe.<ref>
1329:. The 1978 constitution affirmed the role of the King of Spain as the living personification and embodiment of the Spanish nation and a symbol of Spain's enduring unity and permanence and is also invested as the "arbitrator and the moderator" of Spanish institutions. Constitutionally, the sovereign is the
5066:
ArtĂculo 99. # DespuĂ©s de cada renovaciĂłn del Congreso de los Diputados, y en los demás supuestos constitucionales en que asĂ proceda, el Rey, previa consulta con los representantes designados por los grupos polĂticos con representaciĂłn parlamentaria, y a travĂ©s del Presidente del Congreso, propondrá
5027:
La Corona de España es hereditaria en los sucesores de S. M. Don Juan Carlos I de BorbĂłn, legĂtimo heredero de la dinastĂa histĂłrica. La sucesiĂłn en el trono seguirá el orden regular de primogenitura y representaciĂłn, siendo preferida siempre la lĂnea anterior a las posteriores; en la misma lĂnea, el
4774:
coordinates royal military operations and ceremonies, and prepares the royal family for any military activities. The Military Chamber is directed by a commander who must be an active lieutenant-general or a general within the Spanish military, and is under the direct orders of the king. The commander
4555:
Opinion polls released in April 2012 revealed that the Spanish public generally forgave the king over the recent scandals, but wished for greater transparency of the monarchy. However, criticism grew increasingly strident towards many senior members of the royal family as investigations continued to
4407:
Those whom God has chosen to be kings and to be at the head of the destiny of a country do not have any other choice than to start to understand the importance and the special characteristics of the position, because one can say that they start to become adults long before other boys of their age. If
3999:
The General Council of the Judicial Power shall consist of the President of the Supreme Court, who shall preside over it, and of twenty members appointed by the King for a five-year period, of which twelve shall be judges and magistrates of all the judicial categories, under the terms provided for by
3912:
In the political life of Spain, the king would already be familiar with the various political leaders in a professional capacity, and perhaps less formally in a more social capacity, facilitating their meeting following a General Election. Conversely, nominating the party leader whose party maintains
3908:
However, if no overall majority was obtained on the first vote of confidence, then the same nominee and program is resubmitted for a second vote within forty-eight hours. Following the second vote, if confidence by the Cortes is still unreached, then the monarch again meets with political leaders and
3662:
If all lines designated by law become extinct, the constitution reserves the right for the Cortes Generales to provide for the succession "in the manner most suitable for Spain". The 1978 constitution disinherits members of the royal family (as well as their descendants) from succession if they marry
4870:
Constitutionally the monarch is entitled to compensation from the annual state budget for the maintenance of his family and household administration, and freely distributes these funds in accordance with the laws. According to the Royal Household, "he purpose of these resources is to ensure that the
4719:
entitled "Mensaje de S.M. Juan Carlos I", personal messages from himself as king to the nation which are broadcast by radio and television through various media outlets. King Juan Carlos usually referred to social or economic challenges facing the nation as well as positive messages of charity, good
4594:
According to a poll made in 2020, 35 per cent of Spaniards would vote for the monarchy in a referendum, while 41 per cent would choose the republic. Right-wing supporters are the most monarchist, and left-wing supporters the most republican. Other poll made in 2021, showed a different result: 58 per
4567:
Despite being hailed for his role in Spain's transition to democracy, King Juan Carlos I and the monarchy's reputation began to suffer after controversies surrounding his family arose, exacerbated by the public controversy centering on an elephant-hunting trip he undertook during a time of financial
4559:
At the time of his abdication La Razon found that more than 77 per cent of respondents rated the leadership of King Juan Carlos as "good" or "very good". Seventy-two per cent thought the monarchy was an important factor for political stability. The Spanish public also gave a broadly positive opinion
4539:. The king's role as a "business diplomat and deal maker" for his country's interest was brought to light during the safari scandal, as the safari was paid for by Mohamed Eyad Kayali, a Syrian construction magnate and longtime friend of the king. The two worked together on the deal which awarded the
4510:
The king took measures to restore public confidence in the monarchy. In the wake of the scandal surrounding the Duke of Palma de Mallorca, the king spoke in his 2011 Christmas Eve National Speech that no-one is above the law. Additionally, the king addressed the perennial critique of the monarchy by
4194:
Royal Decree 1310 of 5 October 2007 requires the National Defence Council to report to the monarch, and that the king is to be the Chairman of the Council when he attends its sessions. The National Defence Council is Spain's highest advisory body on security and defense matters and performs the same
3611:
The Crown of Spain shall be inherited by the successors of HM Juan Carlos I de BorbĂłn, the legitimate heir of the historic dynasty. Succession to the throne shall follow the regular order of primogeniture and representation, the first line having preference over subsequent lines; and within the same
1938:
Following the events of 1981, Juan Carlos led a less eventful life, according to author John Hooper. Juan Carlos did not preside over ceremonies such as the opening of hospitals and bridges as often as monarchs in other nations. Instead, he worked towards establishing reliable political customs when
5160:
Juan DĂez Nicolás, is a Professor of Sociology since 1971 and co-founder (1963–69) and last Director General (1976–77) of the former Instituto de la OpiniĂłn PĂşblica, as well as the first Director General (1977–1979) of the present Centro de Investigaciones SociolĂłgicas (CIS), both within the public
4779:
for his assistance, and by extension to his wife the queen and to Princess SofĂa. Aides-de-camp are drawn from all of the services, from the Army, from the Navy, from the Air and Space Force, and from the Civil Guard. The Princess of Asturias is entitled to, in future, personal aides-de-camp, drawn
4035:
Constitutionally the king accredits Spanish ambassadors to international states and governments, and foreign representatives to Spain are accredited before him. However, the government of the day manages diplomatic policy on behalf of the monarch. Additionally, it remains the responsibility for the
3735:
of the monarchy and guardianship of the person of the monarch in the event of his minority or incapacitation. The office of Regent(s) and the Guardianship of the monarch (whether the monarch is in his minority or incapacitated) may not necessarily be the same person. In the event of the minority of
5126:
Consejo General del Poder Judicial estará integrado por el Presidente del Tribunal Supremo, que lo presidirá, y por veinte miembros nombrados por el Rey por un periodo de cinco años. De estos, doce entre Jueces y Magistrados de todas las categorĂas judiciales, en los tĂ©rminos que establezca la ley
4971:
El Rey es el Jefe del Estado, sĂmbolo de su unidad y permanencia, arbitra y modera el funcionamiento regular de las instituciones, asume la más alta representaciĂłn del Estado español en las relaciones internacionales, especialmente con las naciones de su comunidad histĂłrica, y ejerce las funciones
4214:
As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, the king holds the highest-ranking office in the military chain of command. The king's ranks include Captain General of the Army, the Navy and the Air and Space Force. The king is the only officer in the military to hold this 5-star General rank. The king
4093:
confer with the Foreign Ministry to ensure that the official speeches strike the desired diplomatic tone between the king's views and government policy. When necessary and appropriate, the king and his government may focus on two different aspects in a diplomatic engagement. The king may emphasize
3658:
would allow the first-born to inherit the throne, whether the heir be male or female. The Zapatero administration of the day proclaimed its intention to amend the succession law; however, with the birth of the king's second daughter the issue was postponed. Paving the way, in 2006 King Juan Carlos
3486:
in the United States. As the reigning monarch the king of Spain has absolute sovereign immunity, he cannot be charged in any court of law in the Spanish state. This immunity applies to both civil and criminal cases. Sovereign immunity is reserved exclusively for the current holder of the Office of
3465:
The Spanish monarch is personally immune from prosecution for acts committed by government ministers in the king's name. Although he is nominally chief executive, his acts are not valid unless countersigned by a minister, who then assumes political and legal responsibility for the act in question.
3115:
and independent monarchy. Receiving government advice does not necessarily bind the monarch into executing the advice, except where prescribed by the constitution. His acts shall always be countersigned in the manner established in section 64. Without such countersignature they shall not be valid,
3017:
The King is Head of State, the symbol of its unity and permanence. He arbitrates and moderates the regular functioning of the institutions, assumes the highest representation of the Spanish State in international relations, especially with the nations of its historical community, and exercises the
4878:
Not included in the annual budget is the maintenance and upkeep of Spanish royal sites, which are owned by the state and made available to the king as the head-of-state, but administered by Patrimonio Nacional on behalf of the government of the day. Spanish royal sites are open to the public when
4754:
who inspects and supervises all household operations through various bureaus or offices of the General Secretariat. The Head of the Household is assisted by a Secretary General. The General Secretariat is divided into various departments which includes the secretariat (bureau) of King Juan Carlos
4018:
on the advice of the government, according to Article 124. The king may grant clemency in accordance with the law; however, the king may not authorize a general pardon of government ministers who have been found criminally liable or guilty of treason by the Criminal Article of the Supreme Court,
3811:
After each renewal of the Congress and the other cases provided for under the Constitution, the King shall, after consultation with the representatives appointed by the political groups with parliamentary representation, and through the Speaker of the Congress, nominate for the Presidency of the
3036:
to faithfully carry out his constitutional duties and to abide by the constitution and laws of the state. Additionally, the constitution gives the king the added responsibility to ensure that the constitution is obeyed. Lastly, the king swears to respect the rights of Spanish citizens and of the
4219:
I do not feel a stranger in your company, and my functions are not limited to being your king and to holding the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces. I am also your companion ... I feel one more among you ... because my youth has been formed, as yours and with many of you, in military
3932:
Governments and the Cortes sit for a term no longer than four years when the president tenders his resignation to the king and advises the king to dissolve the Cortes, prompting a General Election. It remains within the king's prerogative to dissolve the Cortes if, at the conclusion of the four
3924:
As early as 1975, Juan Carlos expressed his view that his role in the government of a "crowned democracy" would be for him to counsel and orient an administration's "thrust in action", but for the government to take the initiative without the need for it to involve the king unnecessarily in its
4480:, shot himself in the foot during target practice at his father's estate, echoing a similar but far more serious gun accident involving the king in 1956. According to historians, the then 18-year-old Juan Carlos was cleaning a revolver when he accidentally shot to death his 14-year-old brother
4395:
were revealed in intimate private letters of fatherly advice to his son Felipe, Prince of Asturias, between 1984 and 1985, when Felipe was then attending university in Canada. According to Juan Carlos a monarch must not take his position for granted but work for the people's welfare, be kind,
4645:
ceremonies acknowledging the contributions of individuals, entities, and organizations which make notable achievements in the sciences, humanities, or public affairs. Felipe serves as president of the Codespa Foundation, which finances specific economic and social development activities in
5150:
The king's speeches are generally reflective of the king's views and reviewed by the king before an event. When confirming with the Foreign Ministry, the speeches are reviewed so that they are largely general in nature and politically neutral in terms of specific policies followed by the
5127:
orgánica; cuatro a propuesta del Congreso de los Diputados, y cuatro a propuesta del Senado, elegidos en ambos casos por mayorĂa de tres quintos de sus miembros, entre abogados y otros juristas, todos ellos de reconocida competencia y con más de quince años de ejercicio en su profesiĂłn.
4887:
and catering. The budget is administered with professional Public Administration accounting procedures, and is audited by government auditors. All members of the royal family are subject to taxation and annually submit Income Tax and Wealth Tax returns and effect the relevant payments.
4378:
The king was routinely considered one of the top ten most popular figures in Spain, with as many as 80% of Spanish believing Spain's transition to democracy would not have been made possible without the king's personal intervention. Historian and royal biographer Charles Powell told
3909:
the Speaker, and submits a new nominee for a vote of confidence. If, within two months, no candidate has won the confidence of the Cortes then the king dissolves the Cortes and calls for a new General Election. The king's royal decree is countersigned by the Speaker of the Congress.
3851:, usually the political leader whose party commands the most seats in the Cortes. For the Crown to nominate the political leader whose party controls the Cortes can be seen as a royal endorsement of the democratic process, a fundamental concept enshrined in the 1978 constitution. By
4153:
is rooted in tradition and patriotism as demonstrated in the symbols and the history of the military. The role of the Spanish monarch in the chain of command of the forces is established by the constitution of 1978, and other statutory law – Acts of Parliament, Royal Decrees etc.
3663:
against the expressed prohibition of the monarch and the Cortes Generales. Lastly, Article 57 further provides that "Abdications and renunciations and any doubt in fact or in law that may arise in connection with the succession to the Crown shall be settled by an organic act".
1565:, who styled himself as "Emperor of Constantinople", bestowed his imperial title to Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile in his last testament, dated 7 April 1502, although the Spanish monarchs have never used the title. In 1492 the Catholic Monarchs conquered the
4396:
attentive and helpful, and "appear animated even when you are tired; kind even when you don't feel like it; attentive even when you are not interested; helpful even when it takes an effort You need to appear natural, but not vulgar; cultivated and aware of problems, but not
5084:
Juro/Prometo, por mi conciencia y honor, cumplir fielmente las obligaciones del cargo de Presidente del Gobierno con lealtad al Rey, guardar y hacer guardar la ConstituciĂłn como norma fundamental del Estado, asĂ como mantener el secreto de las deliberaciones del Consejo de
4755:(since 2014); planning and coordination; the secretariat (bureau) of H.M. the Queen; security services; communication; protocol; and administration, infrastructure and services. Before his father's abdication, Felipe VI had his own secretariat as Prince of Asturias.
4383:
in 2008 that "There's a deep-rooted feeling of gratitude for the king's role in the transition to democracy Polls show that he is the individual to whom democratisation is most closely attributed, and the sense of gratitude cuts across class and ideological lines."
3986:
According to Title VI of the constitution, Justice in Spain "emanates from the people and is administered on behalf of the King by judges and magistrates members of the Judicial Power". It remains a royal prerogative for the king to appoint the twenty members to the
4364:", Villespin continued. Members of the royal family were routinely voted among the most respected public figures in Spain, and in 2010 as many as 75% of Spanish citizens ranked the monarchy as "above any other public institution in the country", according to
1939:
transitioning one government administration to another, emphasizing constitutional law and protocol, and representing the Spanish State domestically and internationally, all the while aiming to maintain a professionally non-partisan yet independent monarchy.
4078:. With his support of democracy, various elements within Ibero-America political society have sought the king's advice on how to transition from a dictatorship to a democracy. For his efforts, by 2008 the king was voted the most popular leader in all of the
1646:, claimed to be mad, Charles I was the sole ruler, but the legal situation remained slightly ambiguous until her death in 1555 left Charles the undoubted sole monarch, though as Holy Roman Emperor it was not his principal title. Only in the reign of his son
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all in the name of the king. Additionally, the government exercises executive authority and statutory regulations. The most direct prerogative the monarch exercises in the formation of Spanish governments is in the nomination and appointment process of the
4783:
The Head of the Household, Secretary General, and Head of the Military Chamber are considered senior management staff and are compensated at the level of senior government administration officials. In 2004, the royal household employed 100 staff members.
6041:
5067:
un candidato a la Presidencia del Gobierno. # El candidato propuesto conforme a lo previsto en el apartado anterior expondrá ante el Congreso de los Diputados el programa polĂtico del Gobierno que pretenda formar y solicitará la confianza de la Cámara.
4724:; in 2006 he talked about the need to become a united nation against terrorism (in implicit support of Zapatero's anti-terrorist policies), and he mentioned the increasing force of immigrants in Spain and appreciated their contribution to the economy.
3491:
The Person of the King of Spain is inviolable and shall not be held accountable. His acts shall always be countersigned in the manner established in section 64. Without such countersignature they shall not be valid, except as provided under section
3866:) by the Cortes. A simple majority confirms the nominee and his program. After the nominee is deemed confirmed by the Speaker of the Congress of Deputies, the king appoints him as the new President of the Government in a ceremony performed at the
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in 1982 for his steadfast work towards democracy and for supporting European unity. The constitution gives the monarch special responsibility in promoting Spanish relations with members of its historic community, the nations formerly part of the
3353:
by the "sovereign grace of the king", and may be passed on to the recipient's heirs, who may not sell the title. Titles may revert to the Crown when their vacancy is observed. Succession of titles may follow one of several courses listed on the
4665:). Established in 1977 out of the queen's private funds, the non-profit aims to assist, promote, and develop the spiritual and physical needs of men and women from diverse backgrounds, with a particular focus on progress, welfare, and justice.
3358:
when the title is created. As a general rule, most titles are now inherited by absolute Cognatic Primogeniture (as of 2006), in which the first born inherits all titles regardless of gender. However, a title holder may designate his successor,
4000:
the organic act; four nominated by the Congress and four by the Senate, elected in both cases by three-fifths of their members amongst lawyers and other jurists of acknowledged competence with more than fifteen years of professional practice.
3042:
The King, on being proclaimed before the Cortes Generales, will swear to faithfully carry out his duties, to obey the Constitution and the laws and ensure that they are obeyed, and to respect the rights of the citizens and the Self-governing
1867:
and his coalition of allied organizations commonly referred to as the Nationalists. Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany aided Franco in the Spanish Civil War. The Soviet Union backed the Republican Government as did Mexico under the government of
7995:
4543:
to the Spanish consortium. For supporters of the monarchy the king is an "irreplaceable resource" with unrivaled relationships with other world leaders. Observers credit the king with easing tensions between Spain's former government of
5011:
La persona del Rey de España es inviolable y no está sujeta a responsabilidad. Sus actos estarán siempre refrendados en la forma establecida en el artĂculo 64, careciendo de validez sin dicho refrendo, salvo lo dispuesto en el artĂculo
3037:
self-governing communities. The Prince of Asturias, upon reaching the age of majority, in addition to any regent(s) upon assuming the office, swears the same oath as that of the king along with a further oath of loyalty to the monarch.
4199:. King Juan Carlos chaired the first full meeting of the council on 10 November 2007, at which the newly proposed National Defence Directive was reviewed along with the ongoing war missions in Afghanistan, Kosovo, Bosnia and Lebanon.
4043:, which greatly improved Spain's standing on the world stage. The king reconciled long standing historic tensions with the Netherlands and cultivated relationships with France and Germany which led directly to Spain's entry into the
6020:
3522:
or the State itself. According to Article 56 of the 1978 Constitution the monarch and the dignity of the Spanish State are one and the same: "The King is Head of State, the symbol of its unity and permanence". Breaching Spain's
7293:
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5451:
7518:
7735:
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No provision within the constitution invests the king with the ability to veto legislation directly; however, no provision prohibits the king from withholding royal assent, effectively a veto. When the media asked King
3815:
The candidate nominated in accordance with the provisions of the foregoing subsection shall submit to the Congress the political program of the Government he or she intends to form and shall seek the confidence of the
2984:". As a unifying figure for the nation, in 2010 King Juan Carlos worked towards "bridging the gap" between Spain's rival polarized political parties to develop a unified strategy in response to the country's on-going
6037:
3607:(1909–1992) insisted that the phrase "the legitimate heir of the historic dynasty" be included in the text to underscore that the monarchy was a historic institution predating the constitution or the prior regime.
6102:, 11 October, by which the Regulation of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Carlos III is passed. Boletin Oficial del Estado (BOE) no. 245, 12 October 2002, pg. 36085-36094. (Reference: BOE-A-2002-19803)
5423:
19. P.K. Enepekides, `Das Wiener Testament des Andreas Palaiologos vom 7 April 1502', Akten des XI Internationalen Byzantinisten Kongresses, München 1958, ed. F. Dölger and H.G. Beck (Munich, 1960) 138-43, esp.
4563:
In recent years, however, public opinion on the form of organization of the Head of State has become increasingly divided, with polls confirming a technical tie between monarchists and republicans since 2018.
8323:
4953:, was a conscious choice to find a middle ground acceptable by monarchists, who viewed the 1975 monarchy as a restoration, and Franconists who took the view that General Franco had essentially established a
4857:
and a consortium of local business leaders in 2001 as part of an effort to further associate the royal family with the islands, and to promote the islands as a tourist destination. The yacht, known as the
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6744:
4556:
dominate headlines throughout 2013. In an act to preserve Spanish constitutional stability Juan Carlos I abdicated the throne on 19 June 2014, in favor of his popular son, now reigning as King Felipe VI.
11816:
3344:
within Spain is codified in Article 62 (f); It is incumbent upon the monarch to "confer civil and military positions and award honors and distinctions in conformity of the law". According to the Spanish
8120:
7712:
3847:
Constitutionally, the monarch may nominate anyone he sees fit as is his prerogative. However, it remains pragmatic for him to nominate the person most likely to enjoy the confidence of the Cortes and
11685:
11355:
6901:
6776:
3995:
nominated by the General Council, according to Article 122, Subsection 3, of the constitution. However, by convention the king's nominations have been with the advice of the government of the day.
3065:
I swear faithfully to discharge my functions, to sustain and see to it that the Constitution and the Laws are sustained, and to respect the rights of the citizens and of the autonomous communities.
7987:
7612:
5935:
Real Decreto 470/2014, de 13 de junio, por el que se modifica el Real Decreto 1368/1987, de 6 de noviembre, sobre rĂ©gimen de tĂtulos, tratamientos y honores de la Familia Real y de los Regentes
1746:, the Spanish Crown embarked on an ambitious and far-reaching project to implement major reforms in the administration of Spain and the Spanish empire. These changes, collectively known as the
4097:
The king and members of the royal family have represented Spain in Europe, Latin America, in the United States and in Canada, nations in the Middle East and North Africa, in China, Japan, the
4503:
propped against a tree. Despite public knowledge of the king's interest in hunting, the image this time contrasted sharply with his patronage of the Spanish branch of the conservation group
7550:
4836:", a collective term used to denote the set of palaces, monasteries, and convents built under royal patronage throughout history. Royal sites are owned by the state and administered by the
3418:
8308:
6808:
4059:
blessing Juan Carlos' democratic reforms. According to historian Charles Powell, it was the king's goal to win Spain's full acceptance by other European powers. The king, a self-described
3568:
on their cover in 2007. In 2008, 400 Catalonia separatists burned images of the king and queen in Madrid, and in 2009 two Galician separatists were fined for burning effigies of the king.
3013:" and assumes the highest representation of the Spanish State in international relations. The monarch exercises the functions expressly conferred on him by the constitution and the laws.
7346:
5913:
3159:
To be informed of the affairs of State and, for this purpose, to preside over the meetings of the Council of Ministers whenever, he sees fit, at the President of the Government's request.
6290:
6017:
1369:. According to the Constitution, the monarch is also instrumental in promoting relations with the "nations of its historical community". The monarch serves as honorary president of the
7284:
5831:
4372:). The CIS, a non-partisan government funded independent research institution, has been researching public opinion of the monarchy since 1984 and tracks three basic lines of inquiry;
3953:
outlines the method with which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days that a bill has been passed by the Cortes Generales, the king shall give his assent and
3383:
1781:, introduced by Philip V, that prohibited women from becoming sovereigns of Spain. Thereby, as had been customary before the arrival of the Bourbons, Ferdinand VII's eldest daughter
11101:
7673:
5448:
2573:
829:
3635:, with women able to inherit in certain circumstances. However, with the succession of Philip V in 1700, the first of the Spanish Bourbons, women were barred from succession until
1935:
when the king used a specially designed command communications center in the Zarzuela Palace to denounce the coup and command the military's eleven captains general to stand down.
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1569:
in southern Spain, the last Muslim territory in the Iberian peninsula. The unification of Spain is marked from this date, though the Spanish kingdoms continued past that date.
5095:
An exception to these weekly meetings is in August, while the king is on holiday in Majorca. Then the President or the Vice President travels to Majorica to meet with the king.
3855:, the king's nominees have all been from parties who hold the most seats in the Cortes. The king is normally able to announce his nominee the day following a General Election.
11500:
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and trade. The Hispanic Crown retained control over and profited from all operations in overseas colonies (by and large royal assets under a monopoly on trade), including
5965:
4374:
what is public confidence in the monarchy, what is the role of the monarchy in a democratic system, and to what degree has the king contributed to the democratic process.
11802:
9086:
1576:
overseas were dependencies of the Crown of Castile, and Castile had an outsized influence there. Following the Spanish explorations and settlement in the Caribbean, the
4658:
3379:
5469:
Bergasa Perdomo, Oscar (2018). "La esclavitud en los imperios coloniales americanos: tráfico y mercados". In Luxán Meléndez, Santiago de; Figueirôa-Rêgo, João (eds.).
7073:
1851:
produced victories (particularly in urban areas) for candidates favoring an end to the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. Faced with unrest in the cities,
4821:, a modest home on the El Pardo estate, near his parents' residence at La Zarzuela. King Juan Carlos and Queen SofĂa have spent the majority of their time at the La
4094:
one aspect, such as the promotion of democracy and historic relations; while the government focuses on the details of strategic planning and bilateral coordination.
3886:
I swear, under my conscience and honor, to faithfully execute the duties of the office of President of the Government with loyalty to the King, obey and enforce the
3138:
To propose a candidate for President of the Government and, as the case may be, appoint him or her or remove him or her from office, as provided in the Constitution.
7170:
5885:
4365:
4191:, a civil officer who is nominated and appointed by the king, confirmed by the elected Congress of Deputies and, as such, is representative of the Spanish people.
6939:
10993:
9091:
6786:
6734:
4775:
maintains an office with a military legal advisor, an auditor, and section heads for staffing, protocol, operations and logistics. The king is assigned personal
4429:. As many as 22% of Spanish citizens feel that a republic would be the better form of government for Spain, while separatists and independence supporters in the
2357:
613:
4387:
Prior to the economic crisis, part of the monarchy's appeal may lay in the personal characteristics of Juan Carlos, whose philosophy on his family, on personal
8768:
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7010:
7028:
3712:
11094:
7704:
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5182:
radio network, owned and operated by Spain's Roman Catholic Church, called for Juan Carlos to abdicate for his tacit approval of a perceived liberal agenda.
4173:
The King exercises Supreme Command of the Armed Forces and other powers regarding national defense that are provided for in the constitution and other laws.
1883:. However, without a king on the throne, he ruled through a coalition of allied organizations from the Spanish Civil War including, but not limited to, the
7651:
4347:
3410:
4686:
3957:
the new law. Article 92 invests the king with the right to call for referendum on the advice of the president and the previous authorization of Congress.
6702:
6482:
4670:
4346:
from 2008, the monarchy traditionally enjoyed wide support and popularity by Spanish citizens since its constitutional restoration in 1978, according to
7602:
7414:
9325:
3688:
1773:, as well as his ministerial appointments, particularly the exclusion of liberals, gradually eroded popular support for the Spanish monarchy. With the
7052:
8340:
7761:
7253:
6388:
6071:
5808:
5773:
5718:
5368:
3370:
During his reign between 1975 and 2014, King Juan Carlos awarded peerages to two of his former prime ministers who had retired from active politics:
8313:
6849:
6201:
11087:
4445:, while the far right criticize King Juan Carlos personally because he has given his royal assent and tacit approval to what they perceive to be a
3393:, one of the oldest surviving orders of chivalry, is the highest honor the king of Spain can bestow. The second in order the king may award is the
3224:
According to Royal Decree 1368/1987, regulating the titles, treatments and honours of the royal family and the regents, the king and his wife, the
3046:
The Crown Prince, on coming of age, and the Regent or Regents, on assuming office, will swear the same oath as well as that of loyalty to the King.
2439:
695:
7540:
3470:
which evolved in similar constitutional monarchies. The legal concept of sovereign immunity evolved into other aspects of immunity law in similar
3099:, Article 99, defines the king's role in the appointment of the prime minister and the formation of the council of ministers/government. Title VI
6818:
5908:
4477:
4446:
3193:
7031:
8903:
8833:
4674:
3988:
1880:
7943:
7142:
7093:
6356:
5692:
4469:
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and also relations with Portugal and Brazil. Fulfilling this responsibility, the king of Spain serves as president of the twenty-three member
3694:
9320:
6206:
5829:
4690:
4629:
Members of the royal family also pursue charitable and cultural causes of special interest to themselves. As prince, King Felipe chaired the
3414:
2725:
1995:
981:
251:
4036:
monarch to express the state's assent to international commitments and treaties, which must be in conformity with the Spanish constitution.
3858:
The king's nominee is presented before the Cortes by the Speaker where the nominee and his political agenda are debated and submitted for a
3612:
line the closer grade over the more remote; and within the same grade the male over female, and in the same sex, the elder over the younger.
2580:
836:
11595:
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9869:
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9523:
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6631:
4829:
estate on the outskirts of Madrid. The El Pardo Palace itself has served as the "guest house" for visiting heads of state since the 1980s.
4535:
and outmaneuvering a French bid. "Without the king, this contract would not have gone ahead," according to former Spanish foreign minister
3852:
3108:
8155:
6679:
3706:
8418:
7219:
4476:
and impropriety for using his connection to the royal family for personal financial gain. In April 2012 the king's grandson, 13-year-old
2947:
2452:
1875:
After sixteen years without monarchy or kingdom, in 1947, Spain was made a Kingdom again by General Franco, who claimed to rule Spain as
1722:
1203:
708:
6246:
3389:
The king grants not only military and civil orders, but also grants awards of distinction, customarily on the advice of government. The
7912:
6554:
6529:
6297:
6121:
by which the Regulation of the Royal and Very Distinguished Order of Carlos III is adapted to the current circumstances and conditions.
6114:
6095:
5620:
4187:
However, Title IV of the constitution vests the administration of the armed forces and formulation of national defense policy with the
2699:
2694:
2689:
955:
950:
945:
7572:
12272:
9382:
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to "citizens who, with their effort, initiative and work, have brought a distinguished and extraordinary service to the Nation". The
3111:
established by Juan Carlos I, the king exercises his prerogatives having solicited government advice while maintaining a politically
2874:
2400:
2324:
1130:
656:
580:
7886:
7454:
7384:
6133:
4352:
9938:
8824:
6585:
4902:
4787:
The royal household's public relations department manages and maintains an official website on behalf of the royal family known as
3402:
2685:
941:
8077:
6456:
5991:
5937:
5863:
5028:
grado más próximo al más remoto; en el mismo grado, el varón a la mujer, y en el mismo sexo, la persona de más edad a la de menos.
3264:). The widows and widowers of monarchs are to retain these styles until they remarry. The heir from birth shall hold the title of
1769:
in 1808, and the Bourbons became a focus of popular resistance against French rule. However, Ferdinand's rejection of the liberal
10256:
9357:
7195:
2720:
2435:
2183:
1789:. Opponents of the Pragmatic Sanction argued that it was never officially promulgated, claiming Ferdinand VII's younger brother,
976:
691:
439:
8479:
5861:
Real Decreto 1368/1987, de 6 de noviembre, sobre rĂ©gimen de tĂtulos, tratamientos y honores de la Familia Real y de los Regentes
5494:
4310:
11470:
9528:
9108:
8632:
5969:
4461:
4343:
3992:
3926:
3626:
2992:
2985:
2847:
2715:
2642:
1642:
in 1516 the Aragonese lands were added to Charles and Joanna's territories. With his mother and co-monarch Joanna confined in
1103:
971:
898:
4282:
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9863:
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1370:
916:
819:
609:
459:
10273:
7119:
2964:), with its roots in the Visigothic kingdom from the 5th century and subsequent successor states, is recognized in Title II
1697:
With the death of the childless Charles II, the succession to the throne was disputed. Charles II had designated his sister
11715:
11520:
11170:
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7965:
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laws may carry fines and up to two years in prison. The concept is within the same legal sphere as legislation prohibiting
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469:
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526:
368:
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10766:
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5214:
A literal translation is "House of H.M. the King", often translated into English as "royal house" or "royal household".
4263:
4075:
3794:
3718:
3644:
3294:, among others. Other children of the monarch, and the children of the heir apparent, shall have the title and rank of
2833:
2810:
2791:
2622:
1910:
1786:
1089:
1066:
1047:
878:
44:
2995:, the sovereignty power emanates from the people, so it is the very same people who give the king the power to reign:
1466:
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9118:
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which gripped the nation, the king discreetly used his influence to facilitate a bi-partisan response to the crisis.
3724:
3398:
2805:
1061:
87:
6486:
4569:
4523:. The king is also credited with brokering a deal worth $ 9.9 billion for a Spanish consortium in Saudi Arabia
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8871:
8710:
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6410:
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crisis in Spain. Since August 2020, Juan Carlos has lived in self-exile from Spain over allegedly improper ties to
4540:
4524:
4296:
2823:
2420:
2164:
2130:
2107:
1842:
1709:, as his heir. The possible unification of Spain with France, the two big European powers at the time, sparked the
1322:
1079:
676:
420:
386:
363:
5104:
Title II Article 56 the monarch is the "arbitrator and moderator of the regular functioning of the institutions" (
3629:
has been practiced in Spain since the 11th century in the various Visigothic successor states and codified in the
3596:
According to Article 57 the Crown of Spain is inherited by the successors of King Juan Carlos I de BorbĂłn through
1855:
went into exile, but did not abdicate. The ensuing provisional government evolved into the relatively short-lived
12089:
11746:
11190:
9974:
9518:
9133:
9076:
8946:
8898:
8893:
8866:
8829:
8735:
8411:
8159:
6973:
4118:
3874:, the official residence of the king. During the inauguration ceremony, the President of the Government takes an
3450:
3422:
3204:
2940:
2818:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2558:
2382:
2320:
2245:
2022:
1900:
1790:
1196:
1074:
930:
925:
920:
814:
638:
576:
501:
278:
8359:
7860:
7635:
3535:
extends to any foreign heads-of-state visiting Spain, and other members of the royal family, and to the Spanish
3321:
11762:
11385:
10553:
10056:
8289:
8098:
4666:
4584:
4267:
4196:
3406:
2770:
2474:
2235:
2193:
2178:
2017:
1732:
1026:
730:
491:
449:
434:
273:
37:
6692:
5197:
journalist that had he not been born a prince that he would have liked to be a print journalist, according to
4278:
1650:
from 1556 did "King of Spain" become the usual way to refer to the monarch, in Spain and the rest of Europe.
11700:
11370:
10390:
9148:
8966:
8740:
8496:
8440:
7428:
6335:
4922:
4716:
4630:
4549:
3891:
3761:
3561:
3153:
3104:
3084:
2870:
2647:
2517:
2240:
1989:
1916:
Impatient with the pace of democratic reforms, the new king, known for his formidable personality, dismissed
1676:
1619:
1326:
1126:
903:
773:
496:
245:
17:
4907:
4426:
3954:
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1457:. The Jiménez rulers sought to bring their kingdoms into the European mainstream and often engaged in cross-
1444:
12262:
11625:
11585:
11485:
11411:
11305:
11044:
10026:
10014:
9533:
9071:
9035:
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6422:
4650:, which is composed of achieving communications professionals. Felipe also serves as honorary chair of the
3798:
3670:
3434:
3426:
2969:
2880:
2551:
2340:
2222:
2118:
1974:
1928:
1848:
1770:
1432:
1314:
1295:
1136:
807:
596:
478:
374:
230:
150:
7249:
4051:, Juan Carlos' personal relations with successive popes greatly improved diplomatic relations between the
11600:
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10907:
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9773:
9138:
8662:
6841:
6378:
6211:
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4421:
However, the monarchy became the focus of acute criticism from part of the left and right of the Spanish
3346:
2457:
2372:
2250:
2052:
713:
628:
506:
308:
4484:. Also in 2012, the monarchy was seen as out-of-touch during the financial crisis as the king went on a
12267:
12257:
11731:
11680:
11675:
11650:
11620:
11505:
11416:
11054:
10969:
10558:
10456:
8998:
8695:
8625:
8404:
8208:
8022:
7478:"Spanish royal family's popularity boosted by King Juan Carlos's abdication in favour of Prince Felipe"
6513:
6327:
6018:
Aznar pagĂł con dinero pĂşblico a un 'lobby' de Washington para conseguir la medalla del Congreso de EEUU
5273:
4942:
4721:
4576:
4039:
During his reign, Juan Carlos followed a foreign policy during the first decade of his kingship coined
3966:
3765:
3557:
3390:
2972:. Constitutionally the monarch embodies and personifies the "indissoluble" unity and permanence of the
2933:
2748:
2741:
2057:
1774:
1600:, 1542). The viceroy (vice-king) and the Audiencias were the effective administrators of royal policy.
1453:
1189:
1004:
997:
313:
168:
10746:
5944:. Boletin Oficial del Estado (BOE) no. 149, 19 June 2014, p. 46399-46400. (Reference: BOE-A-2014-6477)
3168:
To exercise the right of clemency in accordance with the law, which may not authorize general pardons.
11794:
11710:
11655:
11615:
11570:
11565:
11545:
11535:
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11525:
11510:
11495:
11490:
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11432:
11265:
11024:
10711:
10646:
10636:
10621:
9956:
9903:
9813:
9392:
9172:
9098:
8844:
8788:
8783:
5870:. Boletin Oficial del Estado (BOE) no. 271, 12 November 1987, p. 33717. (Reference: BOE-A-1987-25284)
5175:
4642:
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3700:
3268:
and the other titles historically associated with the heir apparent. These additional titles include
2795:
2479:
2346:
2260:
1718:
1710:
1051:
735:
602:
516:
10846:
4990:
page 336 (2000). However, according to Royal Decree published in 1987, the formal addressed used is
4105:. The king and Prince of Asturias have addressed many international organizations which include the
3793:), and other circumstances provided for in the constitution, the king meets with and interviews the
3676:
2523:
2228:
779:
484:
12005:
11851:
11736:
11695:
11670:
11660:
11645:
11640:
11590:
11555:
11540:
10466:
10446:
10411:
10364:
10318:
9670:
9486:
9367:
9013:
8888:
8685:
8436:
8186:
7935:
7146:
5992:"No deben tolerarse las recompensas a torturadores (They should not tolerate rewards to torturers)"
5685:
5198:
4897:
4826:
4733:
4532:
4481:
3604:
2265:
2189:
2093:
2079:
1823:
1714:
1593:
1589:
1276:
1272:
521:
445:
349:
335:
51:
7089:
6610:
6348:
4738:
2000:
256:
12145:
11991:
11690:
11610:
11580:
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11255:
11155:
10344:
10036:
10019:
10009:
9984:
9828:
9554:
9128:
8986:
8725:
6064:"Aznar se pregunta por qué los musulmanes no se disculpan 'por haber ocupado España ocho siglos'"
5392:
1978, Title II, Article 56, Subsection 2 and amended by Royal Decree 1368/1987, dated 6 November.
4853:
there since the 1960s. Juan Carlos, known as a keen yachtsman, was presented with a yacht by the
4256:
3774:
3650:
The debate on amending the Crown's succession law came to the forefront on 31 October 2005, when
3536:
3363:, or disperse his titles among his children – with the eldest getting the highest-ranking title,
3146:
3032:
Upon accession to the crown and being proclaimed before the Cortes Generales, the king swears an
2889:
2595:
2159:
2047:
1856:
1832:
1318:
1145:
851:
415:
303:
7674:"Las infantas Elena y Cristina se vacunaron en Emiratos aprovechando una visita a Juan Carlos I"
6639:
4641:
that form part of mankind's universal heritage." The Prince of Asturias Foundation holds annual
1307:
1279:, which supports and facilitates the sovereign in the exercise of his duties and prerogatives.
11275:
11270:
11064:
10979:
10826:
10538:
10471:
10339:
10288:
10220:
10120:
10110:
9908:
9843:
9650:
9579:
9066:
8715:
8705:
8460:
6887:
6430:
5046:, outside of academic and business circles, has a republican connotation absent in the Spanish
4917:
4872:
4810:
4536:
4303:
4048:
3871:
3749:
3682:
3655:
3585:
3475:
3330:
2885:
2429:
2387:
1931:, which was approved by 88% of voters. Juan Carlos' "quick wit and steady nerve" cut short the
1906:
1808:
1802:
1762:
1698:
1688:
1639:
1597:
1538:
1494:
1141:
685:
643:
179:
164:
8909:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6867:
4499:
at home. Furthermore, sporting a hunting vest and rifle the king was photographed over a dead
2601:
1542:
1490:
857:
12236:
12103:
12061:
11907:
11550:
11480:
11401:
11350:
11345:
11320:
11175:
11140:
11049:
11029:
11009:
10872:
10836:
10791:
10736:
10528:
10523:
10298:
10245:
10070:
9979:
9948:
9888:
9838:
9620:
9610:
9405:
9362:
9259:
9219:
9194:
9003:
8951:
8618:
8456:
7728:"Felipe VI dispara el apoyo a la MonarquĂa en las encuestas pese a las polĂ©micas de su padre"
6426:
5389:
4766:, who does not advise the king on matters of national defense, which is the portfolio of the
4061:
3887:
3882:. The oath as taken by President Zapatero on his second term in office on 17 April 2004 was:
3841:
2504:
2297:
2027:
1982:
1852:
1750:, attempted to rationalize administration and produce more revenue from the overseas empire.
1534:
1440:
760:
553:
283:
238:
160:
10200:
7908:
7340:
6551:
6525:
5722:
4047:
and into NATO. Following the tensions between Franco and the Papacy over the reforms of the
3900:
3832:
3454:
3156:, to confer civil and military offices, honours and distinctions in conformity with the law.
11380:
11325:
11285:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11220:
11215:
11205:
11200:
11180:
11160:
11150:
11145:
11135:
11034:
10953:
10917:
10867:
10726:
10651:
10436:
10313:
10105:
9880:
9858:
9853:
9818:
9760:
9292:
9224:
9214:
9061:
9020:
9008:
8675:
8554:
6864:
6450:
6092:
5860:
4759:
4604:
4588:
4150:
3918:
3769:
3760:
The constitution defines the government's responsibilities. The government consists of the
3640:
3394:
3163:
2981:
2862:
2484:
2377:
2313:
2125:
1917:
1869:
1782:
1743:
1498:
1338:
1283:
1118:
740:
633:
569:
381:
12187:
11079:
5934:
8:
12028:
11865:
11705:
11515:
11406:
11375:
11340:
11330:
11315:
11260:
11225:
11210:
11195:
11185:
11165:
11059:
11004:
10841:
10831:
10816:
10806:
10771:
10701:
10616:
10586:
10533:
10250:
10004:
9999:
9898:
9893:
9660:
9615:
9574:
9479:
9342:
9229:
9209:
9199:
8981:
8956:
8720:
8559:
8516:
8506:
8469:
8337:
7882:
7757:
6781:
6739:
6414:
6381:[Uribe is the Ibero-American leader best valued by the citizens of his country].
6139:
5804:
5769:
5364:
5162:
4838:
4833:
4804:
4678:
4504:
4031:
Members of the Organization of Ibero-American States. King Felipe VI serves as president.
3976:
3848:
3471:
3446:
3142:
2857:
2538:
2150:
2143:
1672:
1635:
1631:
1562:
1486:
1478:
1420:
1412:
1241:
1113:
794:
406:
399:
7705:"Si hubiera un referĂ©ndum: repĂşblica, 40,9%, monarquĂa 34,9%, con un 12,9% de indecisos"
7509:"España sigue siendo monárquica gracias a los andaluces y a pesar de catalanes y vascos"
6582:
6111:
4646:
Ibero-America and other countries, and serves as president of the Spanish branch of the
12033:
11446:
11365:
11310:
11290:
11280:
11250:
10958:
10781:
10776:
10741:
10721:
10696:
10691:
10686:
10681:
10676:
10661:
10656:
10601:
10508:
10354:
10225:
10115:
10095:
10051:
9994:
9989:
9966:
9933:
9923:
9913:
9795:
9337:
9332:
9234:
9204:
9153:
8993:
8976:
8915:
8812:
8778:
8670:
8511:
8501:
8074:
6697:
6402:
5995:
4845:
Juan Carlos began a tradition of taking his family on annual holidays to the island of
4496:
4044:
3859:
3782:
3565:
3483:
3467:
3442:
3314:). Children of an Infante or Infanta of Spain "shall have the consideration of Spanish
3286:
3275:
3265:
2999:
National sovereignty belongs to the Spanish people, from whom all State powers emanate.
2852:
2828:
2753:
2615:
2585:
2468:
2413:
2392:
1758:
1662:
1654:
1647:
1623:
1566:
1520:
1502:
1408:
1400:
1342:
1334:
1108:
1084:
1009:
871:
841:
724:
669:
648:
184:
12075:
11893:
7192:
6485:. Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. 27 January 2009. Archived from
1436:
12047:
10984:
10974:
10937:
10811:
10796:
10671:
10641:
10611:
10606:
10581:
10518:
10513:
10503:
10374:
10323:
10210:
10205:
9564:
9549:
9352:
9264:
9249:
9244:
9184:
9123:
9113:
8934:
8920:
8876:
8855:
8793:
8579:
8544:
8534:
8465:
8427:
8242:
8235:
8216:
8194:
7643:
7607:
7541:"Empate tĂ©cnico por primera vez: la RepĂşblica ya tiene tanto apoyo como la MonarquĂa"
7071:
Los gestores de NĂłos facturaron al Instituto 1.700.000 euros cuando ya no funcionaba
6434:
6349:"Don Juan Carlos, sobre el matrimonio gay: 'Soy el Rey de España y no el de Bélgica'"
5484:
5470:
4987:
4846:
4626:
to assist the organization to raise funds or to affect or promote government policy.
4422:
4141:
4114:
4102:
4066:
3507:
3479:
2838:
2590:
2363:
2042:
2032:
1951:
1884:
1860:
1838:
1728:
1702:
1627:
1615:
1550:
1546:
1514:
1439:
which united much of Christian Iberia under its leadership in the 11th century. From
1424:
1346:
1094:
846:
619:
298:
288:
207:
4579:, it became known on 2 March 2021 that the two sisters of King Felipe, the Infantas
3375:
2445:
1812:
1447:(r. 1106–1125), members of the Jiménez family claimed the historic Visigothic title
701:
12173:
11000:
10964:
10882:
10706:
10476:
10421:
10384:
10359:
10349:
10283:
10235:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10135:
10130:
9823:
9569:
9446:
9439:
9284:
9143:
9049:
8971:
8881:
8849:
8763:
8653:
8645:
8564:
8539:
8125:
7424:
7357:
6383:
5476:
5121:
5105:
5079:
5059:
5022:
5006:
4983:
4966:
4854:
4705:
4512:
4473:
4465:
4454:
3786:
3753:
3528:
3280:
3245:
3200:
3129:
3103:, Article 117, Articles 122 through 124, outlines the king's role in the country's
3080:
2633:
2290:
2283:
1864:
1558:
1482:
1404:
1264:
1225:
889:
546:
539:
145:
70:
30:
4879:
members of the royal family are not in residence. Maintenance and upkeep includes
4545:
4516:
4158:
It is incumbent upon the King ... to exercise Supreme Command of the Armed Forces.
4133:. Since 2000, Felipe has represented Spain in half of all diplomatic engagements.
3371:
2170:
1921:
1299:
426:
82:
12215:
11977:
11963:
11665:
11335:
10877:
10626:
10596:
10591:
10451:
10441:
10406:
10396:
10379:
10215:
10170:
10085:
9803:
9778:
9625:
9312:
9307:
9103:
8798:
8730:
8363:
8344:
8293:
8281:
8269:
8081:
7815:
7573:"Sondeo | Los españoles prefieren repĂşblica a monarquĂa por una mayorĂa absoluta"
7513:
7370:
7330:
7199:
7174:
7115:
7077:
7056:
7035:
7014:
6978:
6667:
6589:
6558:
6118:
6099:
6024:
5941:
5867:
5835:
5625:
5455:
4884:
4850:
4822:
4792:
4669:, the king's eldest daughter, is the Director of Cultural and Social Projects of
4528:
4368:, a former president of the CIS and founder of the private consulting firm ASEP (
3341:
3334:
3291:
3270:
3209:
2307:
1754:
1747:
1692:
1462:
1416:
563:
29:"Crown of Spain" redirects here. For the heraldic crown or physical regalia, see
12019:
7973:
7050:
http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/11/09/actualidad/1320868088_382205.html
6166:
5552:
3221:, but that he may also use other titles historically associated with the Crown.
2330:
2199:
1373:, representing over 700,000,000 people in twenty-four member nations worldwide.
586:
455:
12159:
11916:
11829:
11019:
10801:
10786:
10751:
10491:
10486:
10369:
10303:
10175:
9833:
9808:
9713:
9630:
9584:
9455:
9372:
9347:
9274:
9189:
8773:
8700:
8488:
8448:
8262:
7603:"Spain's former king to go into self-imposed exile amid corruption allegations"
7363:
6442:
6379:"Uribe is the Ibero-American leader best valued by the citizens of his country"
5480:
4880:
4682:
4591:
in order to receive the vaccine and avoid the waiting of the Spanish protocol.
4110:
4106:
4071:
3875:
3651:
3631:
3350:
3253:
3033:
1818:
1658:
1609:
1573:
1528:
1524:
1382:
1366:
8386:
8274:
8016:
7787:
7636:"Juan Carlos, Spain's Former King, Quits Country Amid Multiple Investigations"
6660:
6507:
6321:
3890:
as the main law of the State, and preserve in secret the deliberations of the
12251:
11825:
11116:
10666:
10431:
10426:
9848:
9706:
9665:
9645:
9413:
9269:
8594:
8569:
7647:
7419:
6406:
4618:, or religious organizations within Spain or internationally to become their
4079:
3744:
3636:
3599:
3519:
3515:
3257:
3225:
3010:
2508:
2209:
1706:
1585:
1350:
1330:
1303:
1291:
1253:
1245:
764:
465:
10195:
7545:
6923:
6921:
6919:
4832:
The Oriente Palace and the palaces of the El Pardo estate form part of the "
4520:
3945:) and promulgation (publication) of the laws with the king, while Title III
12131:
10756:
10278:
10240:
10140:
9723:
9460:
9418:
9302:
9158:
8589:
8549:
8230:
7808:
6934:
6446:
5138:
4776:
4090:
4056:
3942:
3132:
and to call for elections under the terms provided for in the Constitution.
3112:
2977:
2911:
2037:
1233:
1167:
293:
6833:
5472:
El tabaco y la esclavitud en la rearticulación imperial ibérica (s. XV-XX)
4862:, is also owned by the State and administered by the Patrimonio Nacional.
4712:
centered on United States and European relations, and other world issues.
1739:) to rule Spain. That dynasty still rules today under Felipe (Philip) VI.
12112:
11879:
10988:
10497:
10293:
10185:
10180:
10100:
9691:
9675:
9400:
9297:
8690:
8584:
8574:
7969:
6916:
6418:
6296:. European Commission Directorate-General for Translation. 1 March 2009.
6124:
5179:
4720:
will, and religious faith. In 2004, the speech was highly related to the
4442:
4130:
4098:
3962:
1643:
1362:
6735:"King Juan Carlos of Spain gives heir a correspondence course in ruling"
6526:"BOE.es Ley Orgánica 5/2005, de 17 de noviembre, de la Defensa Nacional"
5547:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5165:
Association, and member of different scientific and advisory committees.
4817:. However, King Felipe and Queen Letizia and their family reside at the
3936:
3075:
1960:
1493:
to rule over a Spanish kingdom. King Peter's heiress, his granddaughter
216:
12084:
11949:
11935:
11921:
11779:
1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.
10543:
10481:
10400:
9640:
9605:
8526:
8330:
4709:
4608:
4450:
4392:
4202:
4015:
3135:
To call for a referendum in the cases provided for in the Constitution.
1489:
who ruled as Henry II (r. 1369–1379). Henry II became the first of the
1354:
43:"Spanish Monarchy" redirects here. For the historiographical term, see
11824:
7443:
7334:
7168:
Romania: Elite Hunting Spree Sparks Calls For Better Animal Protection
5960:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5193:
3969:(the implication being that he may not endorse the bill), he answered
3603:. While drafting the new constitution, lawyer and liberal congressman
3018:
functions expressly conferred on him by the Constitution and the laws.
1435:
in the 8th century. One of the earliest influential dynasties was the
12201:
12070:
11575:
10902:
10892:
10461:
9768:
9655:
9254:
8961:
8599:
8356:
7856:
7350:
6684:
6280:
Title II the Crown, Article 57 (1), the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
6038:"Aznar: 'Muslims should apologize for occupying Spain for 800 years'"
5538:
4698:
4623:
4619:
4611:
4434:
4388:
4361:
3914:
3654:
was born to the current King and Queen of Spain. Amending the law to
3548:
2099:
1887:
political party, the supporters of the Bourbon royal family, and the
1778:
1554:
1470:
1392:
1287:
1249:
355:
111:
8396:
8391:
8286:
8094:
6371:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5668:
4245:
3011:
arbitrates and moderates the regular functioning of the institutions
1863:
began in 1936 and ended on 1 April 1939 with the victory of General
101:
12182:
12168:
12140:
11874:
11039:
10922:
10912:
10731:
10230:
9502:
8680:
6813:
6291:"The English Style Guide (Fifth edition: 2005 Revised: March 2009)"
6241:
6171:
5947:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5602:
5557:
5191:
Felipe's interest in print journalism was revealed when he told an
4638:
4615:
4500:
4492:
4397:
4380:
4207:
4052:
3980:
3576:
1766:
1458:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5307:
1927:
The next year the king signed into law the new liberal democratic
12154:
12014:
11986:
11958:
11944:
11930:
11888:
11860:
11846:
10932:
10887:
10862:
10416:
10125:
9743:
9696:
9635:
9559:
9513:
8610:
7828:"Delivery of the National Awards of the Ministry of Culture 2008"
7277:
7275:
7273:
7271:
6159:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5287:
4993:
4912:
4485:
4441:
Spain. Part of the left criticize the institution of monarchy as
3975:("I am the King of Spain, not of Belgium") – a reference to King
3739:
3315:
3302:
3296:
1888:
138:
7090:"El Rey aparta a Urdangarin por su comportamiento 'no ejemplar'"
5645:
5519:. New York: Cambridge University Press 1983, pp. 346–52, 359–68.
4598:
3095:, Article 62, delineates the powers of the king, while Title IV
12210:
12126:
12056:
12000:
11972:
11902:
11014:
10927:
10190:
10090:
9733:
9589:
7991:
7179:
6894:""Chastened King Seeks Redemption, for Spain and His Monarchy""
5110:
arbitra y modera el funcionamiento regular de las instituciones
4814:
4809:
The king and queen preside over many official functions at the
4770:
and President of the Government to advise the king. Rather, the
4488:
4122:
3732:
3589:
3228:, will formally be addressed as "His Majesty and Her Majesty" (
3217:
The 1978 constitution confirms the title of the monarch is the
1387:
1358:
1248:, being the highest office of the country. The current King is
8123:[Your Home: They will live here after their wedding].
7776:
7347:"Al Shoula-Led Group Wins Saudi Contract for Haramain Railway"
7268:
5522:
5284:
4460:
The monarchy became subject to sharpened criticism during the
1942:
1905:
Despite Franco's alliance with the Carlists, Franco appointed
12196:
12098:
12042:
9471:
8641:
6967:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6438:
5968:. Spanish Ministry of Justice. 4 January 2008. Archived from
5719:"Spanish Constitution of 1978/Preliminary Title - Wikisource"
4704:
The king, queen, and Infanta Cristina are all members of the
4685:
for the 2nd World Assembly on Ageing, and is a member of the
3879:
3827:, Article 99 (1) & (2), the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
3543:
3518:, which is the crime or offense violating the dignity of the
2973:
1793:, the rightful heir to the crown according to the Salic Law.
1485:(r. 1334–1369) at the hands of his illegitimate half-brother
1252:
since 19 June 2014, after the abdication of his father, King
1237:
3386:. All successive politicians remain active within politics.
1819:
Second Spanish Republic and dictatorship of Francisco Franco
11230:
11109:
10897:
9738:
9728:
9718:
9701:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6331:
5764:
5762:
5760:
4552:, while also helping to resolve disputes in Latin America.
4495:
while Spanish citizens suffered crippling unemployment and
3917:
facilitates a smoother nomination process. In the event of
2497:
1932:
753:
8237:
Juan Carlos; Steering Spain from Dictatorship to Democracy
6954:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6762:
6509:
King Juan Carlos calls for an immediate cease fire in Gaza
6457:"La Casa Real mantiene congelado su presupuesto para 2023"
5758:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5740:
4972:
que le atribuyen expresamente la ConstituciĂłn y las leyes.
4085:
The monarch is assisted in his diplomatic missions by the
4027:
3913:
a plurality and who are already familiar with their party
3187:
7204:
6845:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5844:
4437:
routinely protest the monarchy as the living symbol of a
3639:
reintroduced the right and designated his elder daughter
1508:
1321:
as the form of government for Spain after the end of the
195:
7029:
Anticorrupción registra la fundación de Iñaki Urdangarin
6809:"Spanish TV head fired for cutting jeering king footage"
6728:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6615:
5994:. Amnesty International. 30 January 2001. Archived from
5038:
The President of the Government is usually known as the
4715:
King Juan Carlos built a tradition of presenting annual
4531:
line by leveraging his personal relationship with Saudi
3556:
laws after publishing an issue with a caricature of the
3274:, historically associated with the heir apparent to the
1259:
The Spanish monarchy is constitutionally referred to as
8241:. New York, NY; London, England: W.W. Norton & Co.
7758:"ConstituciĂłn española de 1978 TĂtulo II. De la Corona"
7220:"King's bison shoot stirs anger of conservation groups"
6892:
Carvajal, Doreen; Minder, Raphael (29 September 2012).
6759:
6231:
6229:
6202:"Protesters burn pictures of King Juan Carlos in Spain"
5880:
Goodman, Al; Mullen, Jethro; Levs, Josh (2 June 2014).
5823:
5737:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5580:
4413:
King Juan Carlos I to Felipe, Prince of Asturias, 1984.
3401:
is Spain's highest military award for gallantry. Other
3290:
historically associated with the heir apparent for the
3079:
Felipe of Bourbon and Greece takes the oath before the
1584:, the crown established high courts ("Audiencias") and
7988:"Bilderberg Group Meets in Athens Amid Tight Security"
7319:
7317:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7008:
Iñaki Urdangarin is involved in the 'Palma Arena' case
6583:
Ley 39/2007, de 19 de noviembre, de la carrera militar
5841:
4780:
from the Army, the Navy, and the Air and Space Force.
3797:
represented in the Cortes, and then consults with the
3666:
Constitutionally, the current heirs of Felipe VI are:
3171:
To exercise the High Patronage of the Royal Academies.
1909:
as his successor, who is credited with presiding over
1553:. Each kingdom retained its basic structure. The last
1501:, reuniting the dynasties in the person of their son,
7364:"Saudi railway to be built by Spanish-led consortium"
6717:
6483:"Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation"
5928:
4982:
The King of Spain may also use the formal address of
4595:
cent would choose the monarchy, while 37 rejects it.
3937:
Royal assent, judiciary, and promulgation of the laws
1431:
or Reconquest of the Iberian peninsula following the
11782:
2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.
8087:
8070:
8068:
8066:
8064:
8062:
8060:
8058:
8056:
8054:
8052:
8050:
7415:"Spain's King Attends Last Parade Before Abdication"
6632:"Spaniards say King Juan Carlos plays valuable role"
6226:
6196:
6194:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5577:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5256:
4182:, Article 3, National Defense Act, November 17, 2005
2980:
of the State and by extension fulfills the role of "
1815:
restored the Bourbon dynasty to the throne in 1874.
1713:
in the 18th century, culminating in the treaties of
1361:-guardianship contingency in cases of the monarch's
36:"King of Spain" redirects here. For other uses, see
8048:
8046:
8044:
8042:
8040:
8038:
8036:
8034:
8032:
8030:
7308:
5459:. New York: Cambridge University Press 1983, p. 19.
5254:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5042:in many English language publications as the title
4746:The royal household organization, constitutionally
4637:), which aims to promote "scientific, cultural and
4519:, chairman of the Spanish telecommunications giant
4270:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4167:, Article 62 (H), the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
4022:
3979:who had refused to sign the Belgian law legalising
3903:, given before the king 17 April 2004, La Zarzuela.
3621:, Article 57 (1), the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
3325:
Knight's insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece
1894:
8234:
7476:
7283:
6132:
5907:
3762:President of the Government and ministers of state
1742:In the mid-eighteenth century, particularly under
6693:"Spaniards A royal pain for the Spanish monarchy"
6191:
5879:
5788:
4014:Additionally, the king appoints the State Public
3460:
1911:Spain's transition from dictatorship to democracy
12249:
11785:3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.
8193:. London, England; New York, NY: Penguin Books.
8027:
6777:"King Juan Carlos of Spain's letters to his son"
6425:in the 8th century. A dynastic marriage between
6323:RodrĂguez Zapatero is sworn into his second term
6261:
5233:
4976:
3004:Article 2(2) of the Spanish Constitution of 1978
7407:
7385:"A King Makes a Powerful Change, for Stability"
6237:"Two fined for torching effigy of Spanish king"
5468:
4101:, Australia, New Zealand and many countries in
3501:, Article 56, the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
3194:List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown
2991:According to the Spanish Constitution voted in
1675:, last of the Spanish Habsburgs, triggered the
1461:alliances and marriages, and became patrons to
6891:
6552:BOE.es Real Decreto 1310/2007, de 5 de octubre
6312:
4957:monarchy apart from the prior historic office.
4677:, the king's youngest daughter, served as the
4675:Infanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de Mallorca
3991:(Spain's Supreme Court), and then appoint the
3989:General Council of the Judicial Power of Spain
3748:A copy of the Spanish Constitution, signed by
3740:King, the government, and the Cortes Generales
3182:, Article 62, the Spanish Constitution of 1978
3054:, Article 61, the Spanish Constitution of 1978
3027:, Article 56, the Spanish Constitution of 1978
11810:
11095:
9487:
8626:
8412:
5137:Juan Carlos' had a special relationship with
4865:
4798:
4691:International Foundation for Disabled Sailing
4599:Charitable, cultural, and religious patronage
4136:
3970:
3965:if he would endorse the 2005 bill legalizing
3768:, civil and military administration, and the
3689:Felipe Juan Froilán de Marichalar y de Borbón
3531:in other democratic countries. Additionally,
3466:This legal convention mirrors the concept of
3415:Royal and Military Order of Saint Hermenegild
2941:
1666:
1477:, but divided his empire among his sons. The
1197:
6475:
4657:Queen SofĂa devotes much of her time to the
4464:, particularly 2012 which became a kind of "
4370:Análisis SociolĂłgicos EconĂłmicos y PolĂticos
3836:King Felipe VI addressing Parliament in the
3260:, will have the style "His Royal Highness" (
1614:In 1505, the Spanish monarchy passed to the
8263:The Royal Household of His Majesty the King
8150:
8148:
6930:"Spanish royal family hit by fraud scandal"
6801:
6134:"Spanish King Juan Carlos defends monarchy"
5716:Spanish Constitution of 1978 (in English):
4470:Iñaki Urdangarin, Duke of Palma de Mallorca
4235:
3695:Victoria Federica de Marichalar y de BorbĂłn
1943:Crown, constitution, and royal prerogatives
1671:late-medieval system. The death in 1700 of
1473:, was the last to claim the imperial title
1399:The monarchy in Spain has its roots in the
11817:
11803:
11102:
11088:
9494:
9480:
8633:
8619:
8419:
8405:
8121:"Su casa: Aquà vivirán después de casarse"
6401:The Spanish monarchy has its roots in the
5909:"Spain will have two kings and two queens"
5410:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5398:
4206:King Felipe VI attends a NATO exercise in
2948:
2934:
1533:In the 15th century, the marriage between
1204:
1190:
7324:"El Rey cuenta su salario: 292.752 euros"
5900:
4330:Learn how and when to remove this message
4225:Juan Carlos Easter Military Address, 1980
3972:"Soy el Rey de España y no el de Bélgica"
3703:, younger daughter of King Juan Carlos I.
3571:
3205:List of military decorations § Spain
2401:Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain
1796:
1469:, the first of the Spanish branch of the
657:Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain
8215:. London, England: Macmillan Press Ltd.
8145:
8113:
7958:
7549:(in European Spanish). 10 January 2019.
7451:"Polls show Spanish happy with monarchy"
6927:
6842:"Not so happy birthday for Spain's king"
5882:"Spain's King Juan Carlos I to abdicate"
4903:Line of succession to the Spanish throne
4737:
4727:
4693:, and Director of Social Welfare at the
4230:
4201:
4140:
4026:
3831:
3743:
3575:
3320:
3208:
3116:except as provided under section 65(2).
3083:during the proclamation ceremony at the
3074:
2875:Spanish constitutional crisis of 2017–18
1924:as President of the Government in 1977.
1822:
1465:(c. 950–c. 1130). Urraca's son and heir
1386:
1131:Spanish constitutional crisis of 2017–18
11110:Heads of state and government of Europe
8229:
8213:Juan Carlos of Spain; Self Made Monarch
7851:
7849:
7281:
6839:
6690:
6454:
5770:"Part IV Government and Administration"
5395:
5278:Juan Carlos of Spain; Self Made Monarch
3801:(who, in this instance, represents the
3764:. The government conducts domestic and
3685:, elder daughter of King Juan Carlos I.
3188:Styles, titles, and the fount of Honour
1549:, united two important kingdoms of the
1481:(1366 to 1369) ended with the death of
14:
12250:
9529:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
8387:Centro de Investigaciones SociolĂłgicas
8275:Centro de Investigaciones SociolĂłgicas
8207:
8185:
8101:from the original on 19 September 2009
7966:"Bilderberg Meeting of 1997 Assembles"
7933:
7633:
7382:
7096:from the original on 18 September 2020
6661:Centro de Investigaciones SociolĂłgicas
6611:Spanish Knowledge article on Villespin
5141:whose death greatly affected the king.
4353:Centro de Investigaciones SociolĂłgicas
3878:over an open Constitution next to the
3627:Male-preference cognatic primogeniture
3141:To appoint and dismiss members of the
2848:Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain
1913:by fully endorsing political reforms.
1653:Philip's reign marked the peak of the
1509:Marital union of the Catholic Monarchs
1345:the use of royal styles and titulary,
1104:Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain
11798:
11083:
9759:
9475:
8904:Natural Sites of Community Importance
8614:
8426:
8400:
7915:from the original on 5 September 2012
7889:from the original on 9 September 2012
7764:from the original on 12 November 2020
7725:
7583:from the original on 22 December 2020
7553:from the original on 19 December 2020
7521:from the original on 29 November 2020
6971:
6942:from the original on 15 December 2019
6904:from the original on 13 December 2019
6774:
6747:from the original on 16 December 2019
6732:
6705:from the original on 15 December 2019
6691:Burnett, Victoria (17 October 2008).
6532:from the original on 15 December 2019
6391:from the original on 13 December 2020
6359:from the original on 18 December 2020
6130:
5888:from the original on 26 November 2020
5776:from the original on 20 November 2020
5633:from the original on 30 November 2020
5621:"Spanish King rebrands for recession"
5371:from the original on 12 November 2020
5365:"TĂtulo II. De la Corona, Wikisource"
4795:, so long as the other party agrees.
4358:English: Sociological Research Center
3941:The constitution vests the sanction (
3152:To issue the decrees approved in the
2530:Deputy Governor of the Bank of Spain
1877:Head of state of the Kingdom of Spain
1665:, developed under the purview of the
1371:Organization of Ibero-American States
786:Deputy Governor of the Bank of Spain
8095:"National Heritage Official Website"
8018:Mensaje de S.M. Juan Carlos I – 2008
7846:
7834:from the original on 17 October 2015
7489:from the original on 11 January 2022
7395:from the original on 31 January 2021
7296:from the original on 11 January 2022
7122:from the original on 25 January 2017
7116:"Desde nuestros comienzos hasta hoy"
6928:Tremlett, Giles (11 December 2011).
6852:from the original on 26 October 2020
6680:Spanish Knowledge article on the CIS
6300:from the original on 24 October 2020
6147:from the original on 11 January 2022
5916:from the original on 11 January 2022
5811:from the original on 6 November 2020
5691:. Boletin Oficial del Estado (BOE).
5515:James Lockhart and Stuart Schwartz,
5446:James Lockhart and Stuart Schwartz,
4689:Board of Trustees, president of the
4268:adding citations to reliable sources
4239:
3592:. Urraca succeeded as queen in 1108.
2256:Spanish prime-ministerial transition
1603:
1596:, 1538, which was later replaced by
1578:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
1325:and the restoration of democracy in
512:Spanish prime-ministerial transition
9383:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
8338:TĂtulo II. De la Corona, Wikisource
7702:
7230:from the original on 27 August 2013
7217:
6210:. 14 September 2007. Archived from
6167:"Spain royal sex cartoonists fined"
6074:from the original on 7 January 2020
5565:from the original on 6 January 2010
5553:"Spain's fast-living king turns 70"
5414:Title II, Article 56, Subsection 1.
4648:Association of European Journalists
4515:is Spain's No. 1 ambassador," said
3721:, youngest son of Infanta Cristina.
3552:was fined for violation of Spain's
3419:Order of Saint Raimundo de Penafort
3192:For a more comprehensive list, see
3162:To exercise supreme command of the
3125:To sanction and promulgate the laws
1682:
1582:Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
1275:, his or her royal family, and the
24:
9524:List of current sovereign monarchs
8640:
8392:National Heritage official website
8287:National Heritage official website
8084:Household of H.M. the King website
7998:from the original on 21 March 2019
7946:from the original on 27 April 2019
7654:from the original on 21 March 2022
7615:from the original on 21 March 2022
7193:"Royal row over Russian bear fate"
6986:from the original on 19 April 2017
6267:Klapisch-Zuber, Christine (1992).
6179:from the original on 24 March 2012
5497:from the original on 24 April 2022
5272:
5174:Conservative radio talk show host
4076:Ibero-American States Organization
4019:according to Articles 62 and 102.
3683:The Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo
3349:, nobility and grandee titles are
3329:Following his abdication in 2014,
2834:Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
1351:hereditary succession to the crown
1090:Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
25:
12284:
11686:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
11356:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
8380:
8133:from the original on 2 April 2019
7684:from the original on 2 March 2021
7634:Minder, Raphael (3 August 2020).
7256:from the original on 22 June 2012
6638:. 1 February 2008. Archived from
6601:National Defense Directive 1/2000
6449:as Isabella and Ferdinand funded
5698:from the original on 4 March 2016
4701:where she lives with her family.
4127:International Labour Organization
3779:Presidente del Gobierno de España
3715:, middle son of Infanta Cristina.
3709:, eldest son of Infanta Cristina.
3539:as the king's appointed officer.
3399:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
3306:(prince or princess), and styled
1271:), and it comprises the reigning
88:Coat of arms of the King of Spain
12273:Pretenders to the Spanish throne
12230:
12209:
12195:
12181:
12167:
12153:
12139:
12125:
12111:
12097:
12083:
12069:
12055:
12041:
12027:
12013:
11999:
11985:
11971:
11957:
11943:
11929:
11915:
11901:
11887:
11873:
11859:
11845:
10042:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
8478:
8010:
7980:
7927:
7901:
7875:
7863:from the original on 14 May 2011
7820:
7802:
7750:
7738:from the original on 14 May 2023
7726:Riaño, Miguel (7 January 2021).
7719:
7715:from the original on 4 May 2023.
7282:Roberts, Martin (21 July 2012).
6411:fall of the Western Roman Empire
6044:from the original on 23 May 2009
5435:Byzantium – The Decline and Fall
5208:
5185:
4825:, a former hunting lodge on the
4541:Haramain High Speed Rail Project
4244:
4023:King and international diplomacy
3447:Order of the Knights of Santiago
3091:The 1978 Constitution, Title II
2968:, Articles 56 through 65 of the
2905:
2824:Dictatorship of Francisco Franco
2421:General Council of the Judiciary
2131:Succession to the Spanish throne
1959:
1895:Re-establishment of the Monarchy
1843:Dictatorship of Francisco Franco
1323:dictatorship of Francisco Franco
1161:
1080:Dictatorship of Francisco Franco
677:General Council of the Judiciary
387:Succession to the Spanish throne
215:
100:
81:
9519:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
8947:Autonomous communities of Spain
8156:"El yate del Rey sale más caro"
7784:"Prince of Asturias Foundation"
7696:
7666:
7627:
7595:
7565:
7533:
7501:
7469:
7383:Minder, Raphael (2 June 2014).
7376:
7242:
7211:
7186:
7161:
7140:
7134:
7108:
7082:
7061:
7040:
7019:
6998:
6673:
6654:
6604:
6595:
6575:
6563:
6544:
6518:
6501:
6341:
6283:
6274:
6131:Govan, Fiona (4 October 2007).
6105:
6086:
6056:
6030:
6010:
5984:
5873:
5805:"TĂtulo VI. Del Poder Judicial"
5710:
5509:
5168:
5154:
5144:
5131:
5115:
5098:
5089:
5073:
5053:
5032:
5016:
5000:
4960:
4717:Christmas Eve National Speeches
4255:needs additional citations for
4119:Organization of American States
3752:, is held at the Palace of the
3727:, daughter of Infanta Cristina.
3403:orders, decorations, and medals
3244:) rather than the traditional "
3120:It is incumbent upon the King:
2819:Spanish transition to democracy
2383:Bureaus of the Cortes Generales
2246:Government Delegated Committees
2023:Spanish transition to democracy
1933:attempted military coup in 1981
1901:Reign of Juan Carlos I of Spain
1827:Spanish Royal Crown and Scepter
1721:, which preserved the European
1657:(1492–1659), a period of great
1638:in English). With the death of
1467:Alfonso VII of LeĂłn and Castile
1075:Spanish transition to democracy
639:Bureaus of the Cortes Generales
502:Government Delegated Committees
279:Spanish transition to democracy
9501:
9358:National and regional identity
7972:. 13 June 1997. Archived from
6840:Goodman, Al (4 January 2008).
6775:Govan, Fiona (29 March 2008).
6733:Govan, Fiona (29 March 2008).
6387:(in Spanish). 7 October 2008.
5686:"Spanish Constitution of 1978"
5534:From Dictatorship to Democracy
5462:
5440:
5427:
5417:
5383:
4935:
4667:Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo
4635:FundaciĂłn PrĂncipe de Asturias
4570:business deals in Saudi Arabia
4197:U.S. National Security Council
4145:Emblem of Spanish Armed Forces
4065:, was awarded the prestigious
4041:Reencounter and Reconciliation
3993:President of the Supreme Court
3731:The constitution outlines the
3679:, younger daughter of the King
3461:Inviolability and lèse-majesté
3407:Order of Isabella the Catholic
3340:The monarch's position as the
2771:Politics of the European Union
1487:Henry, 1st Count of Trastámara
1027:Politics of the European Union
38:King of Spain (disambiguation)
13:
1:
8369:Prince of Asturias Foundation
7427:. 8 June 2014. Archived from
7143:"Cazador blanco, sangre azul"
6972:Elkin, Mike (16 April 2012).
6817:. 15 May 2009. Archived from
6245:. 1 June 2009. Archived from
6112:(Spanish) Order of 8 May 2000
5966:"Nobility and Grandee Titles"
5221:
4923:Contemporary history of Spain
4748:La Casa de Su Majestad el Rey
4631:Prince of Asturias Foundation
4550:George W. Bush administration
4149:The role of the Crown in the
3927:late-2000s economic recession
3825:Government and Administration
3719:Miguel UrdangarĂn y de BorbĂłn
3384:Marquess of la RĂa de Ribadeo
3097:Government and Administration
3085:Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid
2871:Catalan independence movement
2518:Governor of the Bank of Spain
1677:War of the Spanish succession
1391:Dynastic line from the first
1127:Catalan independence movement
774:Governor of the Bank of Spain
9534:List of monarchy referendums
7934:Oliver, Mark (4 June 2004).
7680:(in Spanish). 2 March 2021.
7517:(in Spanish). 19 June 2019.
6423:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
5629:. London. 26 February 2010.
5226:
4772:Head of the Military Chamber
4764:Head of the Military Chamber
4654:National Awards Ceremonies.
3899:Oath of office of President
3725:Irene UrdangarĂn y de BorbĂłn
3713:Pablo UrdangarĂn y de BorbĂłn
3697:, daughter of Infanta Elena.
3673:, elder daughter of the King
3451:Order of Sant Jordi d'Alfama
3337:of King and Queen of Spain.
2970:Spanish Constitution of 1978
2881:Disputed status of Gibraltar
2119:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
2010:Inmaculada Montalbán Huertas
1849:1931 Spanish local elections
1771:Spanish Constitution of 1812
1731:was the first member of the
1626:as Charles V), son of Queen
1433:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
1315:Spanish Constitution of 1978
1296:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
1286:is currently represented by
1137:Disputed status of Gibraltar
375:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
266:Inmaculada Montalbán Huertas
151:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
7:
9378:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
8257:Spanish government websites
7709:ctxt.es | Contexto y AcciĂłn
7250:"WWF asks to speak to king"
6974:"Spanish royals under fire"
6355:(in Spanish). 13 May 2006.
4891:
4189:President of the Government
3775:President of the Government
3707:Juan UrdangarĂn y de BorbĂłn
3537:President of the Government
3147:President of the Government
3128:To summon and dissolve the
3061:The oath reads as follows:
2552:Administrative subdivisions
2271:Economic and Social Council
2251:Interministerial Committees
1920:and appointed the reformer
1891:, until his death in 1975.
808:Administrative subdivisions
527:Economic and Social Council
507:Interministerial Committees
10:
12289:
8178:
8158:. El Siglo. Archived from
7285:"King no longer president"
6455:RTVE.es (6 October 2022).
5481:10.4000/books.cidehus.5987
5280:. St. Martin's Press, Inc.
4908:45 Grupo de Fuerzas AĂ©reas
4866:Annual budget and taxation
4802:
4799:Residences and royal sites
4731:
4722:2004 Madrid train bombings
4577:COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
4137:King as Commander-in-Chief
4109:, the institutions of the
3805:of the Cortes Generales).
3391:Order of the Golden Fleece
3365:Succession by Distribution
3333:and his wife SofĂa retain
3198:
3191:
2986:late-2000s economic crisis
1898:
1836:
1830:
1800:
1777:, Ferdinand set aside the
1775:Pragmatic Sanction of 1830
1686:
1607:
1518:
1512:
1449:Imperator totius Hispaniae
1445:Urraca of LeĂłn and Castile
1380:
1376:
1302:, and the king's parents,
169:Catholic Monarchs of Spain
49:
42:
35:
28:
12225:
11839:
11775:
11755:
11724:
11456:
11445:
11425:
11394:
11126:
11115:
10946:
10855:
10569:
10332:
10266:
10078:
10069:
9965:
9947:
9879:
9794:
9752:
9684:
9598:
9542:
9509:
9433:
9391:
9283:
9180:
9171:
9057:
9048:
8942:
8933:
8820:
8811:
8756:
8661:
8652:
8525:
8487:
8476:
8447:
8434:
8314:Monsters and Critics news
8292:19 September 2009 at the
7329:11 September 2017 at the
6441:in the 15th century. The
5176:Federico Jimenez Losantos
3308:His or Her Royal Highness
3109:constitutional convention
3070:Oath of the king of Spain
2261:List of agencies in Spain
1711:Spanish War of Succession
517:List of agencies in Spain
191:
175:
156:
144:
134:
129:
125:
121:
108:
99:
94:
80:
69:
61:
9671:Self-proclaimed monarchy
9036:Wars and armed conflicts
8676:Ancient History Timeline
8343:12 November 2020 at the
8080:3 September 2012 at the
7857:"Queen SofĂa Foundation"
7198:3 September 2007 at the
7013:29 December 2017 at the
6785:. London. Archived from
6588:14 February 2021 at the
6557:10 December 2019 at the
6528:. pp. 37717–37723.
6445:became one of the first
6023:25 November 2011 at the
5940:14 February 2021 at the
5834:19 November 2012 at the
5063:
4928:
4898:List of Spanish consorts
4734:Royal Household of Spain
4344:Spanish financial crisis
4236:Popularity and criticism
3671:The Princess of Asturias
3361:Succession by Assignment
2533:Margarita Delgado Tejero
2151:Government of the Nation
789:Margarita Delgado Tejero
407:Government of the Nation
52:List of Spanish monarchs
11561:Holy See (Vatican City)
11231:Holy See (Vatican City)
9939:Vatican City (Holy See)
8736:Transition to democracy
8711:Reaction and revolution
7034:9 November 2019 at the
6117:18 October 2004 at the
6098:30 October 2020 at the
4941:According to historian
4762:are represented by the
4587:, had travelled to the
4447:liberal agenda in Spain
4403:Juan Carlos continued;
3799:Speaker of the Congress
3795:political party leaders
3691:, son of Infanta Elena.
3439:Order of Cultural Merit
3423:Order of Military Merit
3087:the 19th of June, 2014.
2890:Second Spanish Republic
1907:Juan Carlos I de BorbĂłn
1857:Second Spanish Republic
1833:Second Spanish Republic
1807:In September 1873, the
1572:The territories of the
1319:constitutional monarchy
1146:Second Spanish Republic
11501:Bosnia and Herzegovina
11171:Bosnia and Herzegovina
10221:Islands of Refreshment
9651:Legitimacy (political)
9326:International Interest
9134:Science and technology
8830:Autonomous communities
8357:Queen SofĂa Foundation
7936:"The Bilderberg group"
7369:28 August 2020 at the
6431:Ferdinand II of Aragon
6093:Royal Decree 1051/2002
5866:13 August 2014 at the
5433:Norwich, John Julius,
5125:
5109:
5083:
5026:
5010:
4970:
4918:Republicanism in Spain
4743:
4742:Royal Palace of Madrid
4659:Queen SofĂa Foundation
4537:Miguel Angel Moratinos
4416:
4228:
4211:
4195:basic function as the
4185:
4170:
4146:
4049:Second Vatican Council
4032:
4012:
3971:
3906:
3844:
3830:
3757:
3656:absolute primogeniture
3624:
3593:
3586:Parque del Buen Retiro
3572:Succession and regency
3504:
3476:parliamentary immunity
3374:, who was created 1st
3326:
3214:
3185:
3088:
3073:
3059:
3030:
3007:
2886:Republicanism in Spain
2559:Autonomous communities
2524:Pablo Hernández de Cos
2475:High courts of justice
2458:Francisco MarĂn Castán
2388:Board of Spokespersons
2241:Government Delegations
2229:Sánchez III Government
2018:Constitutional history
1828:
1809:First Spanish Republic
1803:First Spanish Republic
1797:First Spanish Republic
1689:Enlightenment in Spain
1667:
1640:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1618:in the person of King
1588:in important regions (
1541:, both members of the
1539:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1495:Catherine of Lancaster
1396:
1268:
1236:form of government of
1229:
1142:Republicanism in Spain
815:Autonomous communities
780:Pablo Hernández de Cos
731:High courts of justice
714:Francisco MarĂn Castán
644:Board of Spokespersons
497:Government Delegations
485:Sánchez III Government
274:Constitutional history
180:Royal Palace of Madrid
165:Ferdinand II of Aragon
74:
10032:Saint Kitts and Nevis
9621:Criticism of monarchy
9611:Abolition of monarchy
9363:National Day of Spain
8441:Monarchs' family tree
7218:WWF (24 March 2004).
7076:11 April 2019 at the
6427:Isabella I of Castile
5390:Constitution of Spain
4752:Head of the Household
4741:
4728:Household of the king
4663:FundaciĂłn Reina SofĂa
4607:are often invited by
4405:
4231:Contemporary monarchy
4217:
4205:
4171:
4156:
4144:
4030:
3997:
3884:
3864:CuestiĂłn de confianza
3842:14th Cortes Generales
3835:
3807:
3770:defense of the nation
3747:
3609:
3579:
3489:
3431:Order of Aerial Merit
3380:Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo
3324:
3212:
3199:Further information:
3118:
3105:independent judiciary
3078:
3063:
3039:
3015:
2997:
2976:, and represents the
2505:European Central Bank
2298:15th Cortes Generales
2179:Deputy Prime Minister
2001:Cándido Conde-Pumpido
1929:Constitution of Spain
1826:
1757:, the French Emperor
1535:Isabella I of Castile
1443:(r. 1000–1035) until
1441:Sancho III of Navarre
1390:
761:European Central Bank
554:15th Cortes Generales
435:Deputy Prime Minister
257:Cándido Conde-Pumpido
161:Isabella I of Castile
11725:Partially recognised
11395:Partially recognised
9864:United Arab Emirates
8967:Constitutional Court
8129:(in Spanish). 2004.
7173:16 June 2008 at the
6451:Christopher Columbus
6175:. 13 November 2007.
5598:An Engaging Monarchy
5454:5 April 2023 at the
4984:His Catholic Majesty
4760:Spanish Armed Forces
4589:United Arab Emirates
4427:regional separatists
4391:, and on a selfless
4264:improve this article
4151:Spanish Armed Forces
4055:and Spain, and with
3892:Council of Ministers
3701:The Infanta Cristina
3562:Princess of Asturias
3514:) exists in Spanish
3435:Order of Civil Merit
3427:Order of Naval Merit
3395:Order of Charles III
3382:who was created 1st
3250:Su CatĂłlica Majestad
3154:Council of Ministers
2982:Father of the Nation
2960:The Crown of Spain (
2485:Prosecution Ministry
2378:Permanent Deputation
2373:Parliamentary groups
2341:Congress of Deputies
2223:Council of Ministers
1990:Constitutional Court
1918:Carlos Arias Navarro
1744:Charles III of Spain
1557:of the crown of the
1454:Emperor of All Spain
1339:Spanish Armed Forces
741:Prosecution Ministry
634:Permanent Deputation
629:Parliamentary groups
597:Congress of Deputies
479:Council of Ministers
246:Constitutional Court
196:The Spanish Monarchy
12263:Government of Spain
11756:Unrecognised states
11426:Unrecognised states
11060:Trinidad and Tobago
10947:Commonwealth realms
10832:United Baltic Duchy
9975:Antigua and Barbuda
9967:Commonwealth realms
9661:Order of succession
8910:Plazas de soberanĂa
8362:14 May 2011 at the
8280:1 June 2009 at the
8268:7 July 2007 at the
7483:The Daily Telegraph
7457:on 13 November 2018
7373:"BBC News Business"
7055:22 May 2020 at the
6782:The Daily Telegraph
6740:The Daily Telegraph
6666:1 June 2009 at the
6489:on 13 February 2013
6415:Kingdom of Asturias
6140:The Daily Telegraph
5725:on 4 September 2010
5517:Early Latin America
5449:Early Latin America
5163:World Values Survey
4873:Luxembourg monarchy
4839:Patrimonio Nacional
4834:Spanish royal sites
4805:Spanish royal sites
4789:Casa de S.M. El Rey
4768:Minister of Defence
4695:La Caixa Foundation
4679:Goodwill Ambassador
4652:Ministry of Culture
4505:World Wildlife Fund
4350:, president of the
4279:"Monarchy of Spain"
3977:Baudouin of Belgium
3947:The Cortes Generals
3868:SalĂłn de Audiencias
3605:JoaquĂn SatrĂşstegui
3546:satirical magazine
3472:liberal democracies
3356:Title of Concession
3347:Ministry of Justice
3256:, the husband of a
2962:la Corona de España
2754:Diplomatic missions
2602:Plazas de soberanĂa
2539:Royal Mint of Spain
2190:MarĂa JesĂşs Montero
1787:heiress presumptive
1636:Philip the Handsome
1632:Philip I of Castile
1563:Andreas Palaiologos
1543:House of Trastámara
1491:House of Trastámara
1479:Castilian Civil War
1427:, which fought the
1341:. The constitution
1240:. It consists of a
1010:Diplomatic missions
858:Plazas de soberanĂa
795:Royal Mint of Spain
446:MarĂa JesĂşs Montero
11661:Russian Federation
11331:Russian Federation
9139:Telecommunications
8840:Biosphere Reserves
8741:Contemporary Spain
8731:Spain under Franco
8671:Prehistoric Iberia
8374:Codespa Foundation
7909:"Infanta Cristina"
7814:4 May 2009 at the
7809:Codespa Foundation
7678:elconfidencial.com
7640:The New York Times
7389:The New York Times
7208:, 20 October 2006.
7183:, 27 January 2005.
6898:The New York Times
6698:The New York Times
6572:, 10 October 2007.
6409:founded after the
6403:Visigothic Kingdom
6269:A History of Women
6214:on 8 November 2010
5561:. 4 January 2008.
4744:
4497:austerity measures
4423:political spectrum
4362:National Ombudsman
4348:Fernando Villespin
4212:
4147:
4045:European Community
4033:
4009:, Article 122 (3).
3901:RodrĂguez Zapatero
3872:la Zarzuela Palace
3860:Vote of Confidence
3845:
3758:
3594:
3566:sexual intercourse
3484:qualified immunity
3468:sovereign immunity
3455:Order of Alcántara
3443:Order of Calatrava
3411:Order of Alfonso X
3327:
3278:; with the titles
3276:Kingdom of Navarre
3266:Prince of Asturias
3215:
3089:
2829:Anarchism in Spain
2469:Audiencia Nacional
2393:People's Defender
2053:Capital punishment
1829:
1759:Napoleon Bonaparte
1659:colonial expansion
1655:Spanish Golden Age
1648:Philip II of Spain
1624:Holy Roman Emperor
1567:Kingdom of Granada
1521:Composite monarchy
1403:and its Christian
1401:Visigothic Kingdom
1397:
1395:kings to Felipe VI
1347:royal prerogatives
1335:commander-in-chief
1304:King Juan Carlos I
1294:, their daughters
1244:who reigns as the
1242:hereditary monarch
1230:MonarquĂa Española
1085:Anarchism in Spain
725:Audiencia Nacional
649:People's Defender
309:Capital punishment
185:Palace of Zarzuela
157:First monarch
117:since 19 June 2014
12268:Politics of Spain
12258:Monarchy of Spain
12245:
12244:
11792:
11791:
11771:
11770:
11457:UN members
11441:
11440:
11127:UN members
11077:
11076:
11073:
11072:
10762:Piedmont-Sardinia
10514:Sip Song Chau Tai
10324:Thirteen Colonies
10065:
10064:
9469:
9468:
9429:
9428:
9353:Myths and legends
9321:National Interest
9167:
9166:
9119:Largest companies
9044:
9043:
9031:Political parties
8999:Foreign relations
8929:
8928:
8877:Iberian Peninsula
8825:Autonomous cities
8807:
8806:
8608:
8607:
8428:Monarchs of Spain
8200:978-0-14-101609-2
8191:The New Spaniards
7976:on 30 April 2011.
7790:on 25 August 2019
7703:Andrade, MĂłnica.
7611:. 4 August 2020.
7608:Los Angeles Times
6435:Catholic Monarchs
5998:on 7 October 2011
5594:The New Spaniards
5530:The New Spaniards
5203:The New Spaniards
4988:Almanach de Gotha
4885:domestic staffing
4849:, staying at the
4847:Palma de Mallorca
4671:Mapfre Foundation
4639:humanistic values
4472:, was accused of
4366:Juan DĂez-Nicolás
4340:
4339:
4332:
4314:
4115:Council of Europe
4103:sub-Sahara Africa
4067:Charlemagne Award
3951:Drafting of Bills
3849:form a government
3781:). Following the
3677:The Infanta SofĂa
3480:judicial immunity
3287:Duke of Montblanc
2978:legal personality
2958:
2957:
2839:Spanish Civil War
2792:Political parties
2749:Foreign relations
2742:Foreign relations
2627:Recent elections
2623:Political parties
2581:Autonomous cities
2480:Court of Auditors
2364:Francina Armengol
2058:Life imprisonment
1952:Politics of Spain
1881:Law of Succession
1861:Spanish Civil War
1839:Spanish Civil War
1616:House of Habsburg
1604:Habsburg Monarchy
1551:Iberian Peninsula
1547:Catholic Monarchs
1515:Catholic Monarchs
1317:re-established a
1218:monarchy of Spain
1214:
1213:
1095:Spanish Civil War
1048:Political parties
1005:Foreign relations
998:Foreign relations
883:Recent elections
879:Political parties
837:Autonomous cities
736:Court of Auditors
620:Francina Armengol
314:Life imprisonment
208:Politics of Spain
201:
200:
45:Hispanic Monarchy
16:(Redirected from
12280:
12235:
12234:
12233:
12218:
12214:
12213:
12204:
12200:
12199:
12190:
12186:
12185:
12176:
12172:
12171:
12162:
12158:
12157:
12148:
12144:
12143:
12134:
12130:
12129:
12120:
12118:Willem-Alexander
12116:
12115:
12106:
12102:
12101:
12092:
12088:
12087:
12078:
12074:
12073:
12064:
12060:
12059:
12050:
12046:
12045:
12036:
12032:
12031:
12022:
12018:
12017:
12008:
12004:
12003:
11994:
11990:
11989:
11980:
11976:
11975:
11966:
11962:
11961:
11952:
11948:
11947:
11938:
11934:
11933:
11924:
11920:
11919:
11910:
11906:
11905:
11896:
11892:
11891:
11882:
11878:
11877:
11868:
11864:
11863:
11854:
11850:
11849:
11819:
11812:
11805:
11796:
11795:
11454:
11453:
11124:
11123:
11104:
11097:
11090:
11081:
11080:
11001:Irish Free State
10767:Poland–Lithuania
10076:
10075:
10027:Papua New Guinea
9757:
9756:
9496:
9489:
9482:
9473:
9472:
9449:
9442:
9178:
9177:
9109:Financial crisis
9099:Economic history
9055:
9054:
8972:Cortes Generales
8940:
8939:
8882:Peninsular Spain
8818:
8817:
8769:Pre-Roman Iberia
8764:General overview
8659:
8658:
8635:
8628:
8621:
8612:
8611:
8482:
8437:List of monarchs
8421:
8414:
8407:
8398:
8397:
8252:
8240:
8226:
8204:
8172:
8171:
8169:
8167:
8152:
8143:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8117:
8111:
8110:
8108:
8106:
8091:
8085:
8072:
8025:
8019:
8014:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8003:
7984:
7978:
7977:
7962:
7956:
7955:
7953:
7951:
7931:
7925:
7924:
7922:
7920:
7905:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7894:
7879:
7873:
7872:
7870:
7868:
7853:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7839:
7824:
7818:
7806:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7786:. Archived from
7780:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7769:
7754:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7732:El Independiente
7723:
7717:
7716:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7689:
7670:
7664:
7663:
7661:
7659:
7631:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7620:
7599:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7588:
7569:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7558:
7537:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7526:
7505:
7499:
7498:
7496:
7494:
7480:
7473:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7462:
7453:. Archived from
7447:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7436:
7425:Associated Press
7411:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7380:
7374:
7361:
7355:
7344:
7338:
7321:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7301:
7287:
7279:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7246:
7240:
7239:
7237:
7235:
7215:
7209:
7190:
7184:
7165:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7154:
7149:on 18 April 2012
7145:. Archived from
7138:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7127:
7112:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7086:
7080:
7069:
7065:
7059:
7048:
7044:
7038:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7006:
7002:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6969:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6947:
6925:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6909:
6889:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6857:
6837:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6826:
6805:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6789:on 21 April 2013
6772:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6730:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6688:
6682:
6677:
6671:
6670:Official website
6658:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6647:
6642:on 22 March 2021
6628:
6613:
6608:
6602:
6599:
6593:
6579:
6573:
6567:
6561:
6548:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6537:
6522:
6516:
6510:
6505:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6345:
6339:
6338:, 12 April 2008)
6324:
6320:
6316:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6295:
6287:
6281:
6278:
6272:
6265:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6233:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6198:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6152:
6136:
6128:
6122:
6109:
6103:
6090:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6060:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6049:
6034:
6028:
6014:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6003:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5972:on 3 August 2009
5962:
5945:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5912:. 13 June 2014.
5911:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5877:
5871:
5858:
5839:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5801:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5766:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5721:. Archived from
5714:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5697:
5690:
5682:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5617:
5600:
5590:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5549:
5536:
5526:
5520:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5466:
5460:
5444:
5438:
5431:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5393:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5361:
5282:
5281:
5270:
5215:
5212:
5206:
5189:
5183:
5172:
5166:
5158:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5135:
5129:
5119:
5113:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5087:
5077:
5071:
5057:
5051:
5036:
5030:
5020:
5014:
5004:
4998:
4980:
4974:
4964:
4958:
4939:
4855:Balearic Islands
4706:Bilderberg Group
4513:King Juan Carlos
4474:money laundering
4466:annus horribilis
4462:financial crisis
4414:
4335:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4272:
4248:
4240:
4226:
4183:
4168:
4087:Foreign Ministry
4010:
3974:
3904:
3853:political custom
3828:
3787:Cortes Generales
3783:General Election
3750:King Juan Carlos
3645:heir presumptive
3622:
3598:male preference
3529:flag desecration
3502:
3457:, among others.
3281:Prince of Girona
3246:Catholic Majesty
3201:Spanish nobility
3183:
3130:Cortes Generales
3081:Cortes Generales
3071:
3055:
3028:
3005:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2914:
2912:Spain portal
2910:
2909:
2908:
2396:
2350:
2317:
2301:
2291:Cortes Generales
2266:Council of State
2108:Heir presumptive
1963:
1947:
1946:
1865:Francisco Franco
1733:House of Bourbon
1723:balance of power
1703:Philip of France
1683:Bourbon Monarchy
1670:
1559:Byzantine Empire
1437:House of Jiménez
1405:successor states
1222:Spanish monarchy
1206:
1199:
1192:
1170:
1168:Spain portal
1166:
1165:
1164:
652:
606:
573:
557:
547:Cortes Generales
522:Council of State
364:Heir presumptive
219:
203:
202:
146:Heir presumptive
114:
104:
85:
65:
59:
58:
50:For a list, see
31:Regalia of Spain
21:
12288:
12287:
12283:
12282:
12281:
12279:
12278:
12277:
12248:
12247:
12246:
12241:
12231:
12229:
12221:
12216:Carl XVI Gustaf
12208:
12207:
12194:
12193:
12180:
12179:
12166:
12165:
12152:
12151:
12146:Rebelo de Sousa
12138:
12137:
12124:
12123:
12110:
12109:
12096:
12095:
12082:
12081:
12068:
12067:
12054:
12053:
12040:
12039:
12026:
12025:
12012:
12011:
12006:Sakellaropoulou
11998:
11997:
11984:
11983:
11970:
11969:
11956:
11955:
11942:
11941:
11928:
11927:
11914:
11913:
11908:Christodoulides
11900:
11899:
11886:
11885:
11872:
11871:
11858:
11857:
11844:
11843:
11835:
11823:
11793:
11788:
11767:
11751:
11742:Northern Cyprus
11720:
11636:North Macedonia
11458:
11448:
11437:
11421:
11412:Northern Cyprus
11390:
11306:North Macedonia
11128:
11118:
11111:
11108:
11078:
11069:
10994:princely states
10942:
10878:Kingdom of Fiji
10851:
10597:Austria-Hungary
10565:
10328:
10262:
10061:
10047:Solomon Islands
9961:
9943:
9875:
9790:
9748:
9680:
9626:Democratization
9594:
9538:
9505:
9500:
9470:
9465:
9452:
9445:
9438:
9425:
9420:Toro de Osborne
9387:
9368:Public holidays
9279:
9240:Life expectancy
9163:
9129:Property bubble
9040:
8925:
8803:
8799:Spanish miracle
8752:
8726:Second Republic
8648:
8639:
8609:
8604:
8521:
8483:
8474:
8443:
8430:
8425:
8383:
8378:
8364:Wayback Machine
8345:Wayback Machine
8294:Wayback Machine
8282:Wayback Machine
8270:Wayback Machine
8249:
8223:
8209:Powell, Charles
8201:
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8119:
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8082:Wayback Machine
8075:Royal Household
8073:
8028:
8017:
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7999:
7986:
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7959:
7949:
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7907:
7906:
7902:
7892:
7890:
7883:"Infanta Elena"
7881:
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7514:El Confidencial
7507:
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7492:
7490:
7485:. 9 June 2014.
7475:
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7290:Telegraph.co.uk
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7004:
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6999:
6989:
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6979:The Daily Beast
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6249:on 15 July 2014
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4986:, according to
4981:
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4940:
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4931:
4894:
4868:
4851:Marivent Palace
4823:Zarzuela Palace
4807:
4801:
4793:meeting minutes
4736:
4730:
4687:DalĂ Foundation
4603:Members of the
4601:
4529:high-speed rail
4415:
4412:
4400:or conceited".
4336:
4325:
4319:
4316:
4273:
4271:
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3939:
3905:
3898:
3838:opening session
3829:
3822:
3819:
3742:
3623:
3616:
3574:
3506:The concept of
3503:
3496:
3463:
3342:fount of honour
3335:courtesy titles
3292:Crown of Aragon
3271:Prince of Viana
3230:Their Majesties
3207:
3197:
3190:
3184:
3177:
3174:
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2064:
2007:Vice President
1977:
1954:
1945:
1903:
1897:
1870:Lázaro Cárdenas
1845:
1835:
1821:
1811:was founded. A
1805:
1799:
1755:Napoleonic Wars
1748:Bourbon Reforms
1695:
1693:Bourbon Reforms
1685:
1612:
1606:
1545:, known as the
1531:
1517:
1511:
1471:Burgundy Family
1463:Cluniac Reforms
1385:
1379:
1277:Royal Household
1210:
1181:
1177:Other countries
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331:
321:
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263:Vice President
233:
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116:
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90:
63:
55:
48:
41:
34:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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12163:
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12135:
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12104:Spiteri Debono
12093:
12079:
12065:
12051:
12037:
12023:
12009:
11995:
11981:
11967:
11953:
11939:
11925:
11911:
11897:
11883:
11869:
11855:
11852:Van der Bellen
11840:
11837:
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11830:European Union
11826:Heads of state
11822:
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11716:United Kingdom
11713:
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11386:United Kingdom
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10752:Ottoman Empire
10749:
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10712:Kartli-Kakheti
10709:
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9631:Decolonization
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9410:Cultural icons
9408:
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9018:
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9016:
9011:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8990:
8989:
8987:Prime Minister
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8943:
8937:
8931:
8930:
8927:
8926:
8924:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8906:
8901:
8899:National parks
8896:
8894:Municipalities
8891:
8886:
8885:
8884:
8874:
8869:
8867:Extreme points
8864:
8859:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8827:
8821:
8815:
8809:
8808:
8805:
8804:
8802:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8774:Spanish Empire
8771:
8766:
8760:
8758:
8754:
8753:
8751:
8750:
8749:
8748:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8716:First Republic
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8686:Medieval Spain
8683:
8681:Roman Hispania
8678:
8673:
8667:
8665:
8656:
8650:
8649:
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8615:
8606:
8605:
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8597:
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8542:
8537:
8531:
8529:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8493:
8491:
8489:Personal union
8485:
8484:
8477:
8475:
8473:
8472:
8463:
8453:
8451:
8449:Dynastic union
8445:
8444:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8424:
8423:
8416:
8409:
8401:
8395:
8394:
8389:
8382:
8381:External links
8379:
8377:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8353:
8352:
8348:
8347:
8334:
8333:
8327:
8326:
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8319:Notiemail News
8316:
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8162:on 4 July 2010
8144:
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8009:
7979:
7957:
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7874:
7845:
7819:
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7775:
7749:
7734:(in Spanish).
7718:
7711:(in Spanish).
7695:
7665:
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7594:
7579:. 6 May 2020.
7564:
7532:
7500:
7468:
7442:
7431:on 8 June 2014
7406:
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6863:
6832:
6821:on 6 July 2014
6800:
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6672:
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6614:
6603:
6594:
6592:, article 2(1)
6574:
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6500:
6474:
6443:Spanish Empire
6421:following the
6370:
6340:
6311:
6282:
6273:
6260:
6225:
6190:
6158:
6123:
6104:
6085:
6055:
6029:
6027:" (Cadena SER)
6009:
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5114:
5097:
5088:
5072:
5052:
5040:prime minister
5031:
5015:
4999:
4975:
4959:
4949:, rather than
4943:Charles Powell
4933:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4893:
4890:
4881:groundskeeping
4867:
4864:
4811:Oriente Palace
4800:
4797:
4732:Main article:
4729:
4726:
4708:, an informal
4683:United Nations
4600:
4597:
4431:Basque Country
4410:
4338:
4337:
4252:
4250:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4222:
4175:
4160:
4138:
4135:
4111:European Union
4107:United Nations
4080:Ibero-American
4072:Spanish Empire
4024:
4021:
4007:Judicial Power
4002:
3938:
3935:
3896:
3876:oath of office
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3766:foreign policy
3741:
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3722:
3716:
3710:
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3698:
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3674:
3652:Infanta Leonor
3632:Siete Partidas
3614:
3573:
3570:
3494:
3462:
3459:
3376:Duke of Suárez
3312:Su Alteza Real
3262:Su Alteza Real
3254:prince consort
3213:Royal Standard
3189:
3186:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3150:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3126:
3122:
3107:. However, by
3101:Judicial Power
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2783:Related topics
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2453:Vice President
2450:
2449:
2448:
2446:Isabel PerellĂł
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2160:Prime Minister
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2014:
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2011:
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2003:
1986:
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1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1899:Main article:
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1831:Main article:
1820:
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1801:Main article:
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1719:Rastatt (1714)
1715:Utrecht (1713)
1684:
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1610:Habsburg Spain
1608:Main article:
1605:
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1574:Spanish empire
1529:Personal union
1525:Dynastic union
1513:Main article:
1510:
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1367:incapacitation
1288:King Felipe VI
1234:constitutional
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709:Vice President
706:
705:
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702:Isabel PerellĂł
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416:Prime Minister
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11596:Liechtenstein
11594:
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11589:
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11472:
11469:
11467:
11464:
11463:
11461:
11459:and observers
11455:
11452:
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11424:
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11417:South Ossetia
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11134:
11133:
11131:
11129:and observers
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10873:Easter Island
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10412:Jabal Shammar
10410:
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10378:
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10373:
10371:
10368:
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10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10337:
10335:
10331:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10271:
10269:
10265:
10259:
10258:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
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10189:
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10179:
10177:
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10139:
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10129:
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9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9904:Liechtenstein
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9886:
9884:
9882:
9878:
9872:
9871:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
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9837:
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9805:
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9787:
9786:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
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9764:
9762:
9758:
9755:
9751:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9708:
9707:Queen regnant
9705:
9704:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9689:
9687:
9683:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9666:Republicanism
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9646:Head of state
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9603:
9601:
9597:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9580:Non-sovereign
9578:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
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9490:
9485:
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9478:
9477:
9474:
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9441:
9437:
9436:
9432:
9422:
9421:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9398:
9396:
9394:
9390:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9286:
9282:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9182:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9170:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9093:
9092:median income
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9079:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9059:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9047:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9006:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8988:
8985:
8984:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8962:Head of State
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8944:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8932:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8911:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8883:
8880:
8879:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8857:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8835:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8822:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8810:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8759:
8755:
8747:
8744:
8743:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8706:Enlightenment
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8666:
8664:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8647:
8643:
8636:
8631:
8629:
8624:
8622:
8617:
8616:
8613:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8595:Juan Carlos I
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8570:Ferdinand VII
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8528:
8524:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8490:
8486:
8481:
8471:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8458:
8455:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8433:
8429:
8422:
8417:
8415:
8410:
8408:
8403:
8402:
8399:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8384:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8361:
8358:
8355:
8354:
8351:Other sources
8350:
8349:
8346:
8342:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8304:
8303:
8300:News articles
8299:
8298:
8295:
8291:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8279:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8267:
8264:
8261:
8260:
8256:
8255:
8250:
8248:0-393-05804-2
8244:
8239:
8238:
8232:
8231:Preston, Paul
8228:
8224:
8222:0-333-54726-8
8218:
8214:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8196:
8192:
8188:
8184:
8183:
8161:
8157:
8151:
8149:
8132:
8128:
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8122:
8116:
8100:
8096:
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8083:
8079:
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8071:
8069:
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8065:
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8055:
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8049:
8047:
8045:
8043:
8041:
8039:
8037:
8035:
8033:
8031:
8024:
8020:
8013:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7983:
7975:
7971:
7967:
7961:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7930:
7914:
7910:
7904:
7888:
7884:
7878:
7862:
7858:
7852:
7850:
7833:
7829:
7823:
7817:
7813:
7810:
7805:
7789:
7785:
7779:
7763:
7759:
7753:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7722:
7714:
7710:
7706:
7699:
7683:
7679:
7675:
7669:
7653:
7649:
7645:
7641:
7637:
7630:
7614:
7610:
7609:
7604:
7598:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7568:
7552:
7548:
7547:
7542:
7536:
7520:
7516:
7515:
7510:
7504:
7488:
7484:
7479:
7472:
7456:
7452:
7446:
7430:
7426:
7422:
7421:
7420:Time Magazine
7416:
7410:
7394:
7390:
7386:
7379:
7372:
7368:
7365:
7360:
7354:
7352:
7348:
7343:
7337:
7336:
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7328:
7325:
7320:
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7314:
7312:
7295:
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7272:
7255:
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7245:
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7225:
7221:
7214:
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7182:
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7176:
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7144:
7137:
7121:
7117:
7111:
7095:
7091:
7085:
7079:
7075:
7072:
7064:
7058:
7054:
7051:
7043:
7037:
7033:
7030:
7022:
7016:
7012:
7009:
7001:
6985:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6968:
6966:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6958:
6941:
6937:
6936:
6931:
6924:
6922:
6920:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6888:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6836:
6820:
6816:
6815:
6810:
6804:
6788:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6771:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6763:
6746:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6704:
6700:
6699:
6694:
6687:
6681:
6676:
6669:
6665:
6662:
6657:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6612:
6607:
6598:
6591:
6587:
6584:
6578:
6571:
6566:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6547:
6531:
6527:
6521:
6515:
6511:
6504:
6488:
6484:
6478:
6462:
6458:
6452:
6448:
6447:global powers
6444:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6390:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6374:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6344:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6315:
6299:
6292:
6286:
6277:
6270:
6264:
6248:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6232:
6230:
6213:
6209:
6208:
6203:
6197:
6195:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6168:
6162:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6135:
6127:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6108:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6089:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6059:
6043:
6039:
6033:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6013:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5943:
5939:
5936:
5931:
5915:
5910:
5903:
5887:
5883:
5876:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5826:
5810:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5775:
5771:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5724:
5720:
5713:
5694:
5687:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5599:
5595:
5592:John Hooper,
5589:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5535:
5531:
5528:John Hooper,
5525:
5518:
5512:
5496:
5492:
5490:9791036531132
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5473:
5465:
5458:
5457:
5453:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5430:
5420:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5391:
5386:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5232:
5211:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5177:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5147:
5140:
5134:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5111:
5107:
5101:
5092:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5069:
5068:
5061:
5056:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4996:
4995:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4947:reestablished
4944:
4938:
4934:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4863:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4777:aides-de-camp
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4740:
4735:
4725:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4546:José Zapatero
4542:
4538:
4534:
4533:King Abdullah
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4517:CĂ©sar Alierta
4514:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4443:anachronistic
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4342:Prior to the
4334:
4331:
4323:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4281: –
4280:
4276:
4275:Find sources:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4253:This article
4251:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4221:
4216:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4181:
4174:
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3967:gay marriages
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3648:
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3638:
3637:Ferdinand VII
3634:
3633:
3628:
3620:
3613:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3600:primogeniture
3591:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
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3545:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3520:head-of-state
3517:
3516:jurisprudence
3513:
3512:lesa-majestad
3509:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
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3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3372:Adolfo Suárez
3368:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:Juan Carlos I
3323:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3258:queen regnant
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:queen consort
3222:
3220:
3219:King of Spain
3211:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3181:
3170:
3167:
3165:
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3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
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3137:
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3127:
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3110:
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3098:
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3019:
3014:
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3009:The monarch "
3000:
2996:
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2989:
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2974:Spanish State
2971:
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2714:Referendums:
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2612:
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2604:
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2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2537:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2509:Bank of Spain
2506:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2430:Supreme Court
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
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2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:15th Congress
2343:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2210:Teresa Ribera
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2171:Pedro Sánchez
2169:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1922:Adolfo Suárez
1919:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1791:Prince Carlos
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:Ferdinand VII
1760:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:Duke of Anjou
1704:
1701:'s grandson,
1700:
1699:Maria Theresa
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:viceroyalties
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:head of state
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:Infanta SofĂa
1297:
1293:
1292:Queen Letizia
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1254:Juan Carlos I
1251:
1247:
1246:head of state
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
994:
993:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:Referendums:
969:
968:
966:
959:
958:
954:
952:
949:
947:
943:
940:
939:
937:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
918:
915:
914:
912:
907:
906:
902:
900:
897:
895:
891:
888:
887:
885:
884:
882:
880:
877:
876:
873:
868:
867:
860:
859:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
816:
813:
812:
809:
804:
803:
796:
793:
788:
787:
785:
781:
778:
777:
776:
775:
771:
770:
767:
766:
765:Bank of Spain
762:
755:
750:
749:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
726:
722:
715:
712:
711:
710:
707:
703:
700:
699:
697:
693:
690:
689:
688:
687:
686:Supreme Court
683:
682:
679:
678:
671:
666:
665:
658:
655:
653:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
621:
618:
617:
615:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:15th Congress
599:
598:
594:
588:
585:
584:
582:
578:
575:
574:
571:
566:
565:
561:
560:
555:
549:
548:
541:
536:
535:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
486:
483:
482:
481:
480:
476:
471:
467:
466:Teresa Ribera
464:
461:
457:
454:
451:
447:
444:
443:
441:
437:
436:
432:
428:
427:Pedro Sánchez
425:
424:
422:
418:
417:
413:
412:
409:
408:
401:
396:
395:
388:
385:
383:
380:
376:
373:
372:
370:
366:
365:
361:
357:
354:
353:
351:
347:
346:
342:
341:
338:
337:
330:
325:
324:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
265:
264:
262:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
249:
248:
247:
243:
241:
240:
236:
235:
232:
227:
226:
223:
222:
218:
214:
213:
209:
205:
204:
197:
194:
190:
186:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
159:
155:
152:
149:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
107:
103:
98:
93:
89:
84:
79:
76:
75:Rey de España
72:
68:
60:
57:
53:
46:
39:
32:
27:
19:
18:Spanish Crown
11763:Transnistria
11433:Transnistria
11360:
11050:South Africa
11045:Sierra Leone
10992:
10822:Two Sicilies
10757:Papal States
10557:
10496:
10389:
10255:
10015:Cook Islands
9928:
9868:
9854:Saudi Arabia
9783:
9419:
9406:Coat of arms
9303:Bullfighting
9293:Architecture
9260:Prostitution
9220:Homelessness
9195:Demographics
9149:Trade unions
9087:unemployment
9072:Car industry
9025:
9004:Human rights
8952:Constitution
8908:
8854:
8834:ranked lists
8746:1975–present
8590:Alfonso XIII
8550:Ferdinand VI
8309:Expatica.com
8236:
8212:
8190:
8187:Hooper, John
8164:. Retrieved
8160:the original
8135:. Retrieved
8124:
8115:
8103:. Retrieved
8089:
8012:
8000:. Retrieved
7982:
7974:the original
7960:
7948:. Retrieved
7940:The Guardian
7939:
7929:
7917:. Retrieved
7903:
7891:. Retrieved
7877:
7865:. Retrieved
7836:. Retrieved
7822:
7804:
7792:. Retrieved
7788:the original
7778:
7766:. Retrieved
7752:
7740:. Retrieved
7731:
7721:
7708:
7698:
7686:. Retrieved
7677:
7668:
7656:. Retrieved
7639:
7629:
7617:. Retrieved
7606:
7597:
7585:. Retrieved
7576:
7567:
7555:. Retrieved
7544:
7535:
7523:. Retrieved
7512:
7503:
7491:. Retrieved
7482:
7471:
7459:. Retrieved
7455:the original
7445:
7433:. Retrieved
7429:the original
7418:
7409:
7397:. Retrieved
7388:
7378:
7359:
7353:Businessweek
7349:
7342:
7333:
7298:. Retrieved
7289:
7258:. Retrieved
7244:
7232:. Retrieved
7224:The Guardian
7223:
7213:
7203:
7188:
7178:
7163:
7151:. Retrieved
7147:the original
7136:
7124:. Retrieved
7110:
7098:. Retrieved
7084:
7068:(in Spanish)
7063:
7047:(in Spanish)
7042:
7026:(in Spanish)
7021:
7005:(in Spanish)
7000:
6988:. Retrieved
6977:
6944:. Retrieved
6935:The Guardian
6933:
6906:. Retrieved
6897:
6854:. Retrieved
6835:
6823:. Retrieved
6819:the original
6812:
6803:
6791:. Retrieved
6787:the original
6780:
6749:. Retrieved
6738:
6707:. Retrieved
6696:
6686:
6675:
6656:
6644:. Retrieved
6640:the original
6635:
6606:
6597:
6577:
6565:
6546:
6534:. Retrieved
6520:
6503:
6491:. Retrieved
6487:the original
6477:
6465:. Retrieved
6463:(in Spanish)
6460:
6413:. Then, the
6393:. Retrieved
6382:
6373:
6361:. Retrieved
6352:
6343:
6319:(in Spanish)
6314:
6302:. Retrieved
6285:
6276:
6268:
6263:
6251:. Retrieved
6247:the original
6240:
6216:. Retrieved
6212:the original
6205:
6181:. Retrieved
6170:
6161:
6149:. Retrieved
6138:
6126:
6107:
6088:
6076:. Retrieved
6067:
6058:
6046:. Retrieved
6032:
6012:
6000:. Retrieved
5996:the original
5986:
5974:. Retrieved
5970:the original
5930:
5918:. Retrieved
5902:
5890:. Retrieved
5875:
5838:Section 56.3
5825:
5813:. Retrieved
5778:. Retrieved
5727:. Retrieved
5723:the original
5712:
5700:. Retrieved
5635:. Retrieved
5624:
5597:
5593:
5567:. Retrieved
5556:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5516:
5511:
5499:. Retrieved
5471:
5464:
5447:
5442:
5434:
5429:
5419:
5385:
5373:. Retrieved
5277:
5210:
5202:
5192:
5187:
5170:
5156:
5146:
5139:Pope Paul VI
5133:
5117:
5100:
5091:
5075:
5065:
5064:
5055:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5018:
5002:
4991:
4978:
4962:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4937:
4877:
4869:
4859:
4844:
4837:
4831:
4818:
4808:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4771:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4714:
4703:
4662:
4656:
4634:
4628:
4605:royal family
4602:
4593:
4574:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4525:to construct
4509:
4459:
4455:Spanish life
4438:
4420:
4417:
4406:
4402:
4386:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4357:
4351:
4341:
4326:
4317:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4274:
4262:Please help
4257:verification
4254:
4218:
4213:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4164:
4157:
4148:
4096:
4084:
4060:
4057:Pope Paul VI
4040:
4038:
4034:
4013:
4006:
3998:
3985:
3983:in Belgium.
3959:
3950:
3949:, Chapter 2
3946:
3943:royal assent
3940:
3931:
3923:
3911:
3907:
3888:Constitution
3885:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3846:
3824:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3759:
3730:
3665:
3661:
3649:
3630:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3597:
3595:
3582:Queen Urraca
3564:engaging in
3554:lèse-majesté
3553:
3547:
3541:
3533:lèse-majesté
3532:
3525:lèse-majesté
3524:
3511:
3508:lèse-majesté
3505:
3498:
3490:
3464:
3405:include the
3388:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3339:
3328:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3285:
3279:
3269:
3261:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3179:
3164:Armed Forces
3149:'s proposal.
3119:
3113:non-partisan
3100:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3064:
3060:
3051:
3043:Communities.
3031:
3024:
3016:
3008:
2998:
2990:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2846:
2700:
2648:
2600:
2564:Legislatures
2516:
2503:
2467:
2428:
2419:
2339:
2331:Pedro Rollán
2306:
2289:
2221:
2200:Yolanda DĂaz
2177:
2158:
2149:
2126:Royal family
2106:
2088:
2087:
2078:
2072:
2028:Human rights
1988:
1983:Constitution
1981:
1975:Constitution
1937:
1926:
1915:
1904:
1879:through the
1876:
1874:
1853:Alfonso XIII
1846:
1806:
1752:
1741:
1736:
1727:
1696:
1652:
1613:
1571:
1532:
1503:King John II
1474:
1452:
1448:
1428:
1398:
1355:compensation
1312:
1284:Royal Family
1281:
1260:
1258:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1102:
956:
904:
856:
820:Legislatures
772:
759:
723:
684:
675:
595:
587:Pedro Rollán
562:
545:
477:
456:Yolanda DĂaz
433:
414:
405:
382:Royal family
362:
344:
343:
334:
328:
284:Human rights
244:
239:Constitution
237:
231:Constitution
109:
56:
26:
11701:Switzerland
11631:Netherlands
11371:Switzerland
11301:Netherlands
10989:British Raj
10961:(Sri Lanka)
10847:WĂĽrttemberg
10559:South Yemen
10447:Maguindanao
10340:Afghanistan
10101:Barotseland
10037:Saint Lucia
10010:New Zealand
9919:Netherlands
9692:Chhatrapati
9676:Sovereignty
9616:Aristocracy
9225:Immigration
9215:Health care
9077:Communities
9062:Agriculture
8862:Earthquakes
8721:Restoration
8691:Reconquista
8585:Alfonso XII
8575:Isabella II
8555:Charles III
8461:Ferdinand V
8105:26 November
7970:PR Newswire
7950:12 December
6990:12 November
6946:12 November
6908:25 February
6856:10 December
6467:27 November
6419:Reconquista
6417:fought the
6304:13 November
6207:Europa News
6183:13 November
6040:. YouTube.
5199:John Hooper
5180:Cadena COPE
5151:government.
4575:During the
4131:Arab League
4099:Philippines
4082:community.
4062:Europeanist
3963:Juan Carlos
3812:Government.
3240:represents
3234:Su Majestad
3232:, Spanish:
2569:Governments
2395:(ombudsman)
2314:15th Senate
2284:Legislature
2089:The Monarch
2048:Nationality
1813:coup d'Ă©tat
1785:became his
1753:During the
1663:slave trade
1644:Tordesillas
1429:Reconquista
1308:Queen SofĂa
825:Governments
651:(ombudsman)
570:15th Senate
540:Legislature
345:The Monarch
304:Nationality
139:His Majesty
12252:Categories
12188:Pirc Musar
12174:Pellegrini
12048:Mattarella
11992:Steinmeier
11936:Frederik X
11666:San Marino
11626:Montenegro
11606:Luxembourg
11586:Kazakhstan
11486:Azerbaijan
11449:government
11336:San Marino
11296:Montenegro
11276:Luxembourg
11256:Kazakhstan
11156:Azerbaijan
11055:Tanganyika
10970:The Gambia
10898:Niuē-Fekai
10837:Yugoslavia
10737:Montenegro
10544:Upper Yafa
10539:Upper Asir
10176:Madagascar
9909:Luxembourg
9641:Government
9606:Abdication
9575:Hereditary
9503:Monarchies
9343:Mass media
9338:Literature
9230:Irreligion
9210:Euthanasia
9200:Disability
8982:Government
8957:Corruption
8779:Golden Age
8560:Charles IV
8527:Real union
8517:Charles II
8507:Philip III
8457:Isabella I
8331:Wikisource
8137:2 December
7942:. London.
7577:publico.es
7546:El Español
7292:. London.
7260:19 October
7226:. London.
7100:12 October
6938:. London.
6743:. London.
6709:2 December
6636:World News
6493:9 December
6437:") united
6395:1 December
6253:2 December
6143:. London.
5729:10 October
5637:13 October
5222:References
5085:Ministros.
5048:presidente
4945:, the term
4803:See also:
4710:think-tank
4612:charitable
4609:non-profit
4521:TelefĂłnica
4451:secularism
4393:work ethic
4320:March 2020
4290:newspapers
4129:, and the
4016:Prosecutor
3919:coalitions
3580:Statue of
3474:, such as
3453:, and the
3242:His or Her
3143:Government
2993:referendum
2643:2019 (Nov)
2638:2019 (Apr)
2574:Presidents
2236:Ministries
1837:See also:
1735:(Spanish:
1687:See also:
1673:Charles II
1519:See also:
1497:, married
1483:King Peter
1393:Visigothic
1381:See also:
899:2019 (Nov)
894:2019 (Apr)
830:Presidents
492:Ministries
182:(official)
12237:EU portal
12202:Felipe VI
12062:Rinkēvičs
11894:Milanović
11601:Lithuania
11271:Lithuania
11025:Mauritius
10918:Rarotonga
10903:Nuku Hiva
10893:Mangareva
10868:Bora Bora
10747:Neuchâtel
10717:Lithuania
10622:Catalonia
10509:Sri Lanka
10462:Manchukuo
10437:Kurdistan
10391:Indonesia
10314:Talamanca
10274:AraucanĂa
10257:and other
10236:Wassoulou
9980:Australia
9656:Oligarchy
9333:Languages
9235:Languages
9205:Education
9154:Transport
8994:Elections
8977:Judiciary
8916:Provinces
8813:Geography
8794:Civil War
8701:Expansion
8600:Felipe VI
8512:Philip IV
8502:Philip II
8497:Charles I
8324:Telegraph
8166:17 August
7648:0362-4331
7351:Bloomburg
7300:19 August
6363:8 January
6336:Canal 24H
6078:3 January
6048:3 January
5702:5 January
5437:, p. 446.
5227:Citations
5044:president
4699:Barcelona
4624:celebrity
4435:Catalonia
4425:, and by
4389:integrity
4180:the Crown
4165:The Crown
4163:Title II
4005:Title VI
3915:manifesto
3823:Title II
3647:by 1833.
3619:the Crown
3617:Title II
3549:El Jueves
3499:The Crown
3497:Title II
3180:The Crown
3178:Title II
3093:The Crown
3052:The Crown
3050:Title II
3025:the Crown
3023:Title II
2966:The Crown
2616:Elections
2586:Provinces
2436:President
2414:Judiciary
2144:Executive
2100:Felipe VI
2073:The Crown
1996:President
1779:Salic law
1634:(usually
1630:and King
1620:Charles I
1555:pretender
1499:Henry III
1269:La Corona
1261:The Crown
1250:Felipe VI
1232:) is the
872:Elections
842:Provinces
692:President
670:Judiciary
400:Executive
356:Felipe VI
329:The Crown
252:President
187:(private)
176:Residence
112:Felipe VI
95:Incumbent
12160:Iohannis
11866:Philippe
11732:Abkhazia
11681:Slovenia
11676:Slovakia
11651:Portugal
11506:Bulgaria
11447:Heads of
11402:Abkhazia
11351:Slovenia
11346:Slovakia
11321:Portugal
11176:Bulgaria
11119:of state
11040:Rhodesia
11035:Pakistan
10954:Barbados
10923:Rimatara
10913:Rapa Iti
10842:Valencia
10817:Tavolara
10807:Scotland
10772:Portugal
10732:Moldavia
10617:Bulgaria
10612:Brittany
10587:Asturias
10467:Mongolia
10457:Maldives
10319:Trinidad
10309:Suriname
10267:Americas
10251:Zimbabwe
10246:Zanzibar
10231:Wituland
10206:Ngazidja
10201:Ndzuwani
10136:Ethiopia
9859:Thailand
9839:Malaysia
9819:Cambodia
9769:Eswatini
9565:Elective
9550:Absolute
9456:Category
9317:Fiestas
9265:Religion
9250:Pensions
9245:Naturism
9185:Abortion
9124:Taxation
9114:Forestry
9026:Monarchy
9021:Military
9014:Intersex
8935:Politics
8921:Wildlife
8856:Comarcas
8789:Military
8784:Economic
8757:By topic
8663:Timeline
8646:articles
8545:Philip V
8535:Philip V
8470:Philip I
8360:Archived
8341:Archived
8305:BBC News
8290:Archived
8278:Archived
8266:Archived
8233:(2004).
8211:(1996).
8189:(2006).
8131:Archived
8126:El Mundo
8099:Archived
8078:Archived
7996:Archived
7944:Archived
7913:Archived
7887:Archived
7861:Archived
7832:Archived
7812:Archived
7762:Archived
7736:Archived
7713:Archived
7682:Archived
7652:Archived
7613:Archived
7581:Archived
7551:Archived
7519:Archived
7487:Archived
7393:Archived
7367:Archived
7327:Archived
7294:Archived
7254:Archived
7234:15 April
7228:Archived
7196:Archived
7171:Archived
7153:15 April
7126:15 April
7120:Archived
7094:Archived
7074:Archived
7053:Archived
7032:Archived
7011:Archived
6984:Archived
6940:Archived
6902:Archived
6850:Archived
6814:Expatica
6745:Archived
6703:Archived
6664:Archived
6586:Archived
6555:Archived
6530:Archived
6389:Archived
6384:El Mundo
6357:Archived
6353:El Mundo
6298:Archived
6242:Expatica
6177:Archived
6172:BBC News
6145:Archived
6115:Archived
6096:Archived
6072:Archived
6068:El Mundo
6042:Archived
6021:Archived
5938:Archived
5914:Archived
5886:Archived
5864:Archived
5832:Archived
5809:Archived
5774:Archived
5693:Archived
5631:Archived
5596:, 2001,
5563:Archived
5558:BBC News
5532:, 2001,
5501:24 April
5495:Archived
5452:Archived
5369:Archived
4951:restored
4892:See also
4827:El Pardo
4819:Pavilion
4673:, while
4616:cultural
4581:Cristina
4548:and the
4501:elephant
4493:Botswana
4411:—
4398:pedantic
4381:BBC News
4223:—
4208:Zaragoza
4178:Title 1
4176:—
4161:—
4053:Holy See
4003:—
3981:abortion
3897:—
3821:—
3641:Isabella
3615:—
3495:—
3316:Grandees
3176:—
3068:—
3048:—
3021:—
3002:—
2863:Galician
2764:in Spain
2759:of Spain
2686:European
2661:Regional
2591:Comarcas
2460:(acting)
2043:Abortion
2033:Taxation
1889:Carlists
1783:Isabella
1767:abdicate
1729:Philip V
1592:, 1535;
1580:and the
1475:of Spain
1459:Pyrenees
1421:Castille
1413:Asturias
1363:minority
1357:, and a
1343:codifies
1119:Galician
1020:in Spain
1015:of Spain
942:European
917:Regional
847:Comarcas
716:(acting)
299:Abortion
289:Taxation
62:King of
12076:NausÄ—da
12034:Higgins
11828:of the
11711:Ukraine
11656:Romania
11616:Moldova
11576:Ireland
11571:Iceland
11566:Hungary
11551:Germany
11546:Georgia
11536:Finland
11531:Estonia
11526:Denmark
11511:Croatia
11496:Belgium
11491:Belarus
11481:Austria
11476:Armenia
11471:Andorra
11466:Albania
11381:Ukraine
11326:Romania
11286:Moldova
11246:Ireland
11241:Iceland
11236:Hungary
11221:Germany
11216:Georgia
11206:Finland
11201:Estonia
11196:Denmark
11181:Croatia
11166:Belgium
11161:Belarus
11151:Austria
11146:Armenia
11141:Andorra
11136:Albania
11030:Nigeria
11005:Ireland
10933:Tahuata
10908:Raiatea
10888:Huahine
10863:Abemama
10856:Oceania
10827:Tuscany
10782:Romania
10777:Prussia
10742:Navarre
10722:Majorca
10702:Ireland
10697:Imereti
10692:Iceland
10687:Hungary
10682:Hanover
10677:Granada
10667:Germany
10662:Georgia
10657:Galicia
10647:Finland
10637:Corsica
10632:Cilicia
10602:Bavaria
10592:Austria
10577:Albania
10549:Vietnam
10492:Sarawak
10482:Qu'aiti
10417:Kathiri
10380:Dapitan
10355:Bukhara
10304:Miskito
10226:Tunisia
10216:Shilluk
10126:Dahomey
10116:Burundi
10106:Bagirmi
10086:Adamawa
10005:Jamaica
10000:Grenada
9985:Bahamas
9949:Oceania
9899:Denmark
9894:Belgium
9889:Andorra
9804:Bahrain
9779:Morocco
9774:Lesotho
9753:Current
9744:Pharaoh
9697:Emperor
9636:Dynasty
9590:Regency
9570:Federal
9560:Diarchy
9514:Monarch
9440:Outline
9393:Symbols
9313:Cuisine
9285:Culture
9173:Society
9144:Tourism
9050:Economy
8889:Islands
8872:Forests
8850:Climate
8845:Borders
8654:History
8540:Louis I
8179:Sources
8023:YouTube
8002:12 June
7919:12 June
7893:12 June
7867:12 June
7838:10 July
7794:12 June
7688:2 March
7658:2 March
7619:2 March
7587:18 June
7557:18 June
7525:18 June
7493:10 June
7335:El PaĂs
7118:. WWF.
6514:YouTube
6461:RTVE.es
6328:YouTube
5920:14 June
5884:. CNN.
5815:12 June
5569:18 June
5194:El PaĂs
5178:of the
5122:Spanish
5106:Spanish
5080:Spanish
5060:Spanish
5023:Spanish
5007:Spanish
4994:Majesty
4967:Spanish
4913:Carlism
4860:Fortuna
4681:to the
4620:patrons
4486:hunting
4482:Alfonso
4478:Froilán
4304:scholar
3955:publish
3870:in the
3840:of the
3785:of the
3733:regency
3643:as his
3584:in the
3544:Spanish
3351:created
3303:Infanta
3297:Infante
3145:on the
2858:Catalan
2806:Podemos
2634:General
2354:Speaker
2321:Speaker
1885:Falange
1761:forced
1668:regalĂa
1415:(later
1409:Navarre
1377:History
1359:regency
1337:of the
1273:monarch
1265:Spanish
1226:Spanish
1114:Catalan
1062:Podemos
890:General
610:Speaker
577:Speaker
192:Website
130:Details
71:Spanish
12020:Sulyok
11978:Macron
11737:Kosovo
11706:Turkey
11696:Sweden
11671:Serbia
11646:Poland
11641:Norway
11621:Monaco
11591:Latvia
11556:Greece
11541:France
11516:Cyprus
11407:Kosovo
11376:Turkey
11366:Sweden
11341:Serbia
11316:Poland
11311:Norway
11291:Monaco
11261:Latvia
11226:Greece
11211:France
11186:Cyprus
11065:Uganda
11015:Malawi
10980:Guyana
10959:Ceylon
10938:Tahiti
10928:Rurutu
10883:Hawaii
10812:Serbia
10797:Saxony
10787:Russia
10672:Greece
10652:France
10642:Cyprus
10627:Crimea
10607:Bosnia
10582:Aragon
10570:Europe
10534:Taiwan
10504:Sikkim
10487:Ryukyu
10472:Najran
10370:Chehab
10350:Bengal
10299:Mexico
10284:Brazil
10211:Rwanda
10191:Maravi
10091:Ankole
10079:Africa
10071:Former
10052:Tuvalu
9995:Canada
9990:Belize
9934:Sweden
9924:Norway
9914:Monaco
9881:Europe
9834:Kuwait
9829:Jordan
9814:Brunei
9809:Bhutan
9761:Africa
9734:Sultan
9685:Titles
9599:Topics
9461:Portal
9401:Anthem
9308:Cinema
9255:People
9104:Energy
8644:
8580:Amadeo
8565:Joseph
8468:&
8466:Joanna
8459:&
8245:
8219:
8197:
7992:NASDAQ
7768:27 May
7742:14 May
7646:
7461:8 June
7435:8 June
7399:2 June
7180:RFE/RL
6825:1 June
6793:1 June
6751:1 June
6646:31 May
6536:21 May
6433:(the "
6407:Toledo
6218:1 June
6151:27 May
6002:6 June
5976:31 May
5892:2 June
5780:28 May
5487:
5375:27 May
4815:Madrid
4643:awards
4489:safari
4449:and a
4439:united
4356:(CIS,
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4277:
4210:, 2015
4125:, the
4123:UNESCO
4117:, the
4113:, the
3816:House.
3791:Cortes
3754:Cortes
3590:Madrid
3558:Prince
3492:65(2).
3482:, and
3449:, the
3445:, the
3441:, the
3437:, the
3433:, the
3429:, the
3425:, the
3421:, the
3417:, the
3413:, the
3409:, the
3378:; and
2853:Basque
2308:Senate
2204:second
1859:. The
1737:BorbĂłn
1628:Joanna
1622:(also
1594:Panama
1590:Mexico
1527:, and
1425:Aragon
1423:) and
1298:, and
1109:Basque
564:Senate
460:second
12090:Henri
11964:Stubb
11950:Karis
11922:Pavel
11880:Radev
11691:Spain
11611:Malta
11581:Italy
11361:Spain
11281:Malta
11251:Italy
11117:Heads
11020:Malta
11010:Kenya
10985:India
10975:Ghana
10802:Savoy
10792:Samos
10707:Italy
10554:Yemen
10529:Tibet
10524:Syria
10477:Nepal
10452:Mahra
10432:Kumul
10427:Korea
10422:Khiva
10401:Qajar
10385:Hejaz
10375:China
10360:Burma
10289:Haiti
10279:Aztec
10196:Mwali
10186:Maore
10166:Libya
10161:Kongo
10156:Kaffa
10151:Gumma
10146:Gomma
10141:Ghana
10131:Egypt
10111:Bornu
10096:Aussa
9957:Tonga
9929:Spain
9849:Qatar
9824:Japan
9447:Index
9373:Sport
9348:Music
9275:Women
9190:Crime
9067:Banks
8696:Union
8642:Spain
7141:WWF.
6439:Spain
6294:(PDF)
5696:(PDF)
5689:(PDF)
5012:65,2.
4929:Notes
4585:Elena
4311:JSTOR
4297:books
3880:Bible
3803:whole
3252:). A
2214:third
2194:first
1238:Spain
470:third
450:first
135:Style
64:Spain
12132:Duda
10965:Fiji
10519:Sulu
10498:Shan
10442:Laos
10407:Iraq
10397:Iran
10365:Cebu
10345:Asir
10333:Asia
10294:Inca
10241:Yeke
10181:Mali
10171:Luba
10020:Niue
9870:list
9844:Oman
9796:Asia
9785:list
9739:Shah
9729:Tsar
9724:khan
9719:Raja
9702:King
9543:Type
9414:Flag
9270:Time
9159:Wine
9009:LGBT
8243:ISBN
8217:ISBN
8195:ISBN
8168:2009
8139:2009
8107:2009
8004:2009
7952:2016
7921:2009
7895:2009
7869:2009
7840:2016
7796:2009
7770:2009
7744:2023
7690:2021
7660:2021
7644:ISSN
7621:2021
7589:2020
7559:2020
7527:2020
7495:2014
7463:2014
7437:2014
7401:2014
7302:2012
7262:2012
7236:2012
7155:2012
7128:2012
7102:2012
6992:2012
6948:2012
6910:2017
6858:2009
6827:2009
6795:2009
6753:2009
6711:2009
6648:2009
6581:see
6550:see
6538:2016
6495:2009
6469:2023
6429:and
6397:2009
6365:2007
6332:RTVE
6306:2007
6255:2009
6220:2009
6185:2007
6153:2009
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