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few moments prior to touchdown. By the time they landed and approached, the descent module was in flames with black smoke filling the air and streams of molten metal dripping from the exterior. The entire base of the capsule burned through. By this point, it was obvious that
Komarov had not survived, but there was no code signal for a cosmonaut's death, so the rescuers fired a signal flare calling for medical assistance. Another group of rescuers in an aircraft then arrived and attempted to extinguish the blazing spacecraft with portable fire extinguishers. This proved insufficient and they instead began using shovels to throw dirt onto it. The descent module then completely disintegrated, leaving only a pile of debris topped by the entry hatch. When the fire at last ended, the rescuers were able to dig through the rubble to find Komarov strapped into the center couch, his body had turned into charred clothing and flesh. Doctors pronounced the cause of death to be from multiple blunt-force injuries. The body was transported to Moscow for an official autopsy in a military hospital where the cause of death was verified to match the field doctors' conclusions.
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743:. Despite the technical difficulties up to that point, Komarov might still have landed safely. A few minutes before the tragedy, Komarov maintained radio contact with Gagarin, in particular, stating: "The engine was running for 146 seconds. Everything is going fine. Everything is going fine! The ship was oriented correctly. I am in the middle chair. Tied with straps." To slow the descent, first the
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almost entirely unimpeded, at about 40 m/s (140 km/h; 89 mph). A rescue helicopter spotted the descent module lying on its side with the parachute spread across the ground on fire. The retrorockets then started firing which concerned the rescuers since they were supposed to activate a
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to proceed with the flight. He attempted to "bump" Komarov from the mission, knowing that the Soviet leadership would not risk a national hero on the flight. At the same time, Komarov refused to pass on the mission, even though he believed it to be doomed. He explained that he could not risk
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carrying
Komarov, the first Soviet cosmonaut to fly in space twice, in the 7K-OK No. 4 capsule. Problems began shortly after launch when one solar panel failed to unfold, leading to a shortage of power for the spacecraft's systems. Further problems with the orientation detectors complicated
723:
The crew of Soyuz 2 modified their mission goals, preparing themselves for a launch that would include fixing the solar panel of Soyuz 1. However, that night, thunderstorms at
Baikonur affected the booster's electrical system, causing the mission to be called off.
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agent, prior to launch, Soyuz 1 engineers are said to have reported 203 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns "were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of
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Eight years after
Komarov's death, a story began circulating that Komarov cursed the engineers and flight staff, and spoke to his wife as he descended, and these transmissions were received by an
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accident in 1971, and went through several incidents with non-fatal launch aborts and landing mishaps, it has become one of the longest-lived and most dependable crewed spacecraft yet designed.
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on the topic of the separation of the Soyuz modules just before reentry. With the final message received being "Спасибо, передайте всем Произошло" ("Thank you, tell everyone it happened") .
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was deployed, followed by the main parachute. However, due to a defect, the main parachute did not unfold; the exact reason for the main parachute malfunction is disputed.
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474:. The flight was plagued with technical issues, and Komarov was killed when the descent module crashed into the ground due to a parachute failure. This was the first
647:. It was the first Soviet crewed spaceflight in over two years, and the first Soviet crewed flight following the death of the Chief Designer of the space programme
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Komarov then activated the manually deployed reserve chute, but it became tangled with the drogue chute, which did not release as intended. As a result, the
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on 3 July 1969, scuttled Soviet plans of landing a cosmonaut on the Moon. The original mission of Soyuz 1 and Soyuz 2 was ultimately achieved by
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maneuvering the craft. By orbit 13, the automatic stabilisation system was completely dead, and the manual system was only partially effective.
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797:. There is a memorial monument at the site in the form of a black column with a bust of Komarov at the top, in a small park on the roadside.
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Gagarin's life. Russayev's account, however, has been seen as implausible and exaggerated by most historians of the Soviet space programme.
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regard this to be untrue. Komarov final recorded words appear to have been a conversation with a tracking station located near
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A much improved Soyuz programme emerged from this eighteen-month delay, mirroring the improvements made in the
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663:, causing the rocket to explode on the pad. The escape system successfully pulled the spacecraft to safety.
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1266:
French, Francis and
Burgess, Colin. "In the Shadow of the Moon". University of Nebraska Press, 2007, p. 181
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French, Francis and
Burgess, Colin. "In the Shadow of the Moon". University of Nebraska Press, 2007, p. 177
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81:
793:, which is 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Karabutak, about 275 km (171 mi) east-southeast of
19:
This article is about a 1967 crewed test flight. For the mission identified by NASA as ISS Soyuz 1, see
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659:. A third attempted test flight was a launch failure; a launch abort triggered a malfunction of the
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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was the backup pilot for Soyuz 1, and was aware of the design problems and the pressures from the
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651:. Komarov was launched on Soyuz 1 despite failures of the previous uncrewed tests of the 7K-OK,
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until 25 October 1968. This 18-month gap, with the addition of the explosion of an uncrewed
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Komarov is commemorated in two memorials left on the lunar surface: one left at
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Soyuz 1 The Death of
Vladimir Komarov Pressure, Politics, and Parachutes
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Soyuz 1 The Death of
Vladimir Komarov Pressure, Politics, and Parachutes
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497:. However, the launch of Soyuz 2 was called off due to thunderstorms.
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3824:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
1195:"Google Maps – Soyuz 1 Crash Site – Memorial Monument Photo closeup"
1043:"Cosmonaut Crashed Into Earth "Crying In Rage": Krulwich Wonders..."
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decided to abort the mission. After 18 orbits, Soyuz 1 fired its
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1174:"Google Maps – Soyuz 1 Crash Site – Memorial Monument Location"
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1110:Трагедия «Союза-1»: Почему разбился космонавт Владимир Комаров
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969:"Google Maps – Soyuz 1 Crash Site – Memorial Monument Photo"
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Soyuz 1 was the first crewed flight of the first-generation
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As a result of
Komarov's report during the 13th orbit, the
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According to interviews with
Venyamin Russayev, a former
294:
159:
67:
2893:
715:
Soyuz 1 was launched on 23 April 1967 at 00:32 GMT from
1014:"24 April 1967: Russian cosmonaut dies in space crash"
1364:
493:
and an exchange of crew members before returning to
485:The original mission plan was complex, involving a
1336:
4291:Space accidents and incidents in the Soviet Union
1397:An analysis of the Soyuz-1 flight from Sven Grahn
4277:
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898:. Although it suffered another tragedy with the
703:, with Khrunov and Yeliseyev scheduled to do an
462:. Launched into orbit on 23 April 1967 carrying
1334:
1274:
1272:
3847:
3820:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
2879:
1422:
1286:. SpaceHistory101.com Press. pp. 36–37.
1239:
1237:
470:, Soyuz 1 was the first crewed flight of the
233:
227:
44:1964 commemorative stamp of Vladimir Komarov
1300:
1269:
1218:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
942:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
3854:
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2886:
2872:
1459:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
1429:
1415:
1234:
1037:
1035:
963:
961:
847:The Soyuz 1 tragedy delayed the launch of
86:
16:First crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
1454:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
1335:Aldrin, Buzz; McConnell, Malcolm (1989).
1314:. SpaceHistory101.com Press. p. 73.
878:tragedy. Although it failed to reach the
1402:Soyuz-1 on the Encyclopedia Astronautica
1243:
1057:
675:'s birthday". Russayev also claims that
4264:The † sign designates failed missions.
2852:The † sign designates failed missions.
1306:
1278:
1032:
958:
762:The Soyuz 1 crash site coordinates are
4278:
687:Mission planners intended to launch a
3835:
2867:
1410:
1008:
1006:
812:, and his ashes were interred in the
804:for the second time, and awarded the
578:
554:
514:
2850:; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
2842:Uncrewed missions are designated as
1153:"The Soyuz-1 accident investigation"
1436:
112:1 day 2 hours 47 minutes 52 seconds
13:
4311:Spacecraft which reentered in 1967
1246:"A Cosmonaut's Fiery Death Retold"
1065:"A Cosmonaut's Fiery Death Retold"
1003:
800:Posthumously, Komarov was named a
710:
458:) was a crewed spaceflight of the
14:
4322:
1360:
1129:. 24 October 2000. Archived from
691:the next day carrying cosmonauts
3908:
1515:
1381:
1367:
1086:Final decision to launch Soyuz-1
988:
564:
524:
38:
1328:
1260:
1244:Krulwich, Robert (5 May 2011).
1208:
1187:
1166:
1145:
1115:
4268:designates cancelled missions.
2856:designates cancelled missions.
1103:
1094:
1079:
982:
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590:6,450 kg (14,220 lb)
540:
98:
1:
1507:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
926:
886:to the people-carrier of the
630:
608:223.0 km (138.6 mi)
599:197.0 km (122.4 mi)
186:10 m long (with solar panels)
3863:Soviet crewed lunar programs
534:Second and last spaceflight
7:
4301:Spacecraft launched in 1967
1091:, accessed 26 December 2022
896:International Space Station
890:space station program, the
318:24 April 1967, 03:22:52 GMT
234:
10:
4327:
919:statue and plaque left by
643:, designed as part of the
295:Experimental Design Bureau
271:Soyuz 11A511 s/n U15000-04
160:Experimental Design Bureau
68:Experimental Design Bureau
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4306:1967 in the Soviet Union
4296:Space program fatalities
802:Hero of the Soviet Union
326:3 km west of Karabutak,
259:23 April 1967, 00:35:00
1000:by David S. F. Portree.
894:space station, and the
827:listening station near
814:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
500:
1449:List of Soyuz missions
1067:. NPR.org. 11 May 2011
1045:NPR.org. 18 March 2011
480:history of spaceflight
23:. For other uses, see
4286:Crewed Soyuz missions
1475:Soyuz (rocket family)
998:Mir Hardware Heritage
831:. Historians such as
355:Reference system
133:Spacecraft properties
4085:lunar flyby missions
2902:Orbital launches in
1650:Zond lunar programme
1527:(by spacecraft type)
1127:friends-partners.org
1020:. BBC. 24 April 1967
752:Soyuz descent module
661:launch escape system
645:Soviet lunar program
460:Soviet space program
4230:(T2K) test missions
1485:Baikonur Cosmodrome
1375:Soviet Union portal
781:51.3609°N 59.5624°E
777: /
717:Baikonur Cosmodrome
689:second Soyuz flight
546:
506:
34:
4066:Soyuz Kontakt 1, 2
2757:(uncrewed landing)
1964:(uncrewed landing)
1480:Soyuz (spacecraft)
1389:Spaceflight portal
884:Zond lunar program
741:Earth's atmosphere
579:Mission parameters
545:
505:
476:in-flight fatality
350:Orbital parameters
32:
4273:
4272:
3973:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3829:
3828:
2861:
2860:
2779:
2778:
2766:(uncrewed launch)
1979:(uncrewed launch)
1790:Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1
1765:Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1
1502:Soyuz abort modes
1350:978-0-553-05374-6
1222:on 20 August 2016
833:Asif Azam Siddiqi
808:. He was given a
754:fell to Earth in
707:over to Soyuz 1.
701:Aleksei Yeliseyev
576:
575:
538:
537:
441:
440:
4318:
4195:LOK (7K-LOK/L1E)
4153:Zond-M 2 (L1S-2)
4148:Zond-M 1 (L1S-1)
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2784:Current missions
2767:
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1980:
1965:
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1550:Soyuz 7K-OK No.1
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1342:
1332:
1326:
1325:
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1276:
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1257:
1252:. Archived from
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1232:
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1229:
1227:
1212:
1206:
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1203:
1201:
1191:
1185:
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1138:
1133:on 17 March 2014
1119:
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1098:
1092:
1089:wonderdome.co.uk
1083:
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980:
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955:
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951:
946:on 15 April 2009
936:
916:Fallen Astronaut
907:Tranquility Base
792:
791:
789:
788:
787:
786:51.3609; 59.5624
782:
778:
775:
774:
773:
770:
745:drogue parachute
569:
568:
547:
544:
531:Vladimir Komarov
529:
528:
507:
504:
472:Soyuz spacecraft
468:Vladimir Komarov
453:
376:Perigee altitude
359:Geocentric orbit
251:Start of mission
237:
231:
230:
218:Vladimir Komarov
141:Soyuz 7K-OK No.1
117:Orbits completed
109:Mission duration
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91:
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31:
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4258:
4222:
4189:
4084:
4071:
4005:
3982:
3978:LK (spacecraft)
3913:
3904:
3874:
3871:Launch vehicles
3865:
3860:
3830:
3825:
3810:
3659:Molniya-1 No.12
3624:Intelsat II F-4
3508:Lunar Orbiter 5
3213:Lunar Orbiter 4
3097:Intelsat II F-3
3000:Lunar Orbiter 3
2923:Intelsat II F-2
2914:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2836:
2805:Future missions
2800:
2775:
2765:
2756:
2712:
2628:
2514:
2390:
2220:
2202:
2120:
2091:
2060:
2046:
2013:
1978:
1963:
1902:
1827:
1801:
1775:
1750:
1647:
1638:
1598:
1553:
1526:
1520:
1511:
1463:
1440:
1438:Soyuz programme
1435:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1242:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1123:"The Red Stuff"
1121:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1004:
987:
983:
973:
971:
967:
966:
959:
949:
947:
938:
937:
933:
929:
845:
785:
783:
779:
776:
771:
768:
766:
764:
763:
756:Orenburg Oblast
729:flight director
713:
711:Mission details
697:Yevgeny Khrunov
693:Valery Bykovsky
639:spacecraft and
633:
581:
563:
543:
533:
523:
503:
437:
436:
430:
423:
421:Soyuz programme
386:Apogee altitude
369:Low Earth orbit
328:Orenburg Oblast
187:
146:Spacecraft type
85:
80:
45:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4324:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4213:
4207:
4200:
4198:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4049:
4040:
4031:
4019:
4017:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3990:
3988:
3987:Other hardware
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3967:
3964:(Soyuz 7K-L1E)
3959:
3956:(Soyuz 7K-L1S)
3951:
3943:
3936:
3931:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3867:
3866:
3859:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3836:
3827:
3826:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3629:Molniya-1 No.9
3626:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3555:Biosatellite 2
3552:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3478:
3473:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3399:
3394:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3280:
3278:Molniya-1 No.8
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3173:
3168:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2985:
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2960:
2955:
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2940:
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2925:
2919:
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2909:
2894:
2891:
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2883:
2876:
2868:
2859:
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2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
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2832:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
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2773:
2768:
2759:
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2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2636:(2016–present)
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
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2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
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1471:
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1445:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1378:
1362:
1361:External links
1359:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1339:Men from Earth
1327:
1320:
1299:
1292:
1268:
1259:
1256:on 3 May 2019.
1233:
1207:
1186:
1165:
1144:
1114:
1102:
1093:
1078:
1056:
1031:
1002:
994:Part 1 – Soyuz
981:
957:
940:"Baikonur LC1"
930:
928:
925:
872:Apollo program
844:
841:
806:Order of Lenin
712:
709:
649:Sergei Korolev
632:
629:
628:
627:
618:
609:
600:
591:
580:
577:
574:
573:
561:
557:
556:
553:
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539:
536:
535:
521:
517:
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438:
431:
425:
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419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
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402:
401:
398:
392:
391:
388:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
351:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
324:
320:
319:
316:
312:
311:
310:End of mission
307:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:
292:
288:
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278:
274:
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268:
264:
263:
257:
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102:
93:
92:
78:
72:
71:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
46:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4323:
4312:
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4302:
4299:
4297:
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4261:
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4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:test missions
4196:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
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4127:
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4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
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4063:
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4039:
4035:
4032:
4030:
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4021:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3972:(Soyuz 7K-L3)
3968:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3948:(Soyuz 7K-L1)
3944:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3935:
3934:VA spacecraft
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:Proton rocket
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
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3878:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3852:
3850:
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3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3549:Zenit-2 No.51
3546:
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3471:
3470:Zenit-4 No.33
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3392:
3391:Zenit-4 No.32
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1525:Past missions
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1321:9781887022958
1317:
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1309:
1308:Siddiqi, Asif
1303:
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1293:9781887022958
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1280:Siddiqi, Asif
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810:state funeral
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3877:upper stages
3821:
3817:
3738:
3616:
3609:
3547:
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3468:
3401:
3389:
3282:
3175:
3164:
3163:
3141:
3089:
2987:
2853:
2847:
2843:
2049:Apollo–Soyuz
1807:Soyuz 7K-OKS
1781:Soyuz 7K-LOK
1756:Soyuz 7K-L1E
1743:
1736:
1563:
1338:
1330:
1311:
1302:
1283:
1262:
1254:the original
1249:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:the original
1126:
1117:
1112:. In Russian
1105:
1096:
1088:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1022:. Retrieved
1017:
997:
984:
972:. Retrieved
948:. Retrieved
944:the original
934:
914:
904:
869:
846:
822:
799:
761:
749:
733:retrorockets
726:
722:
714:
686:
677:Yuri Gagarin
665:
641:Soyuz rocket
634:
626:88.7 minutes
620:
611:
602:
593:
584:
571:Yuri Gagarin
484:
455:
443:
442:
410:88.7 minutes
336:Soviet Union
332:Russian SFSR
323:Landing site
315:Landing date
175:Landing mass
156:Manufacturer
54:Mission type
29:
3995:Lunokhod-LK
3740:7K-L1 No.5L
3618:7K-L1 No.4L
3560:Surveyor 5
3464:Explorer 35
3454:Surveyor 4
3325:Calsphere 4
3320:Calsphere 3
3273:Explorer 34
3171:San Marco 2
3154:Surveyor 3
2846:instead of
2643:Soyuz MS-01
2522:(2010–2016)
2520:Soyuz-TMA-M
2405:Soyuz TMA-1
2398:(2002–2012)
2210:(1986–2002)
2106:Kosmos 1001
2099:(1978–1986)
2068:(1974–1976)
2021:(1974–1976)
2019:Soyuz 7K-TM
1835:(1972–1981)
1783:(1971–1972)
1758:(1969–1970)
1646:(1967–1970)
1644:Soyuz 7K-L1
1537:(1966–1970)
1535:Soyuz 7K-OK
1468:Main topics
1200:25 December
1179:25 December
1018:On This Day
974:25 December
784: /
637:Soyuz 7K-OK
613:Inclination
541:Backup crew
396:Inclination
277:Launch site
256:Launch date
188:2.72 m wide
167:Launch mass
150:Soyuz 7K-OK
58:Test flight
21:Soyuz TM-31
4280:Categories
4247:Kosmos 434
4242:Kosmos 398
4237:Kosmos 379
4204:Zond-LOK 1
4185:Kosmos 382
4142:Zond 1969A
4126:Zond 1968B
4120:Zond 1968A
4109:Zond 1967B
4103:Zond 1967A
4097:Kosmos 154
4092:Kosmos 146
4001:Krechet-94
3919:Spacecraft
3806:Kosmos 198
3801:Kosmos 197
3796:Kosmos 196
3791:Kosmos 195
3761:Kosmos 194
3751:Kosmos 193
3746:Kosmos 192
3734:Kosmos 191
3719:Surveyor 6
3709:Kosmos 190
3694:Kosmos 189
3689:Kosmos 188
3684:Kosmos 187
3679:Kosmos 186
3674:Kosmos 185
3664:Kosmos 184
3649:Kosmos 183
3644:Kosmos 182
3639:Kosmos 181
3605:Kosmos 180
3595:Kosmos 179
3585:Kosmos 178
3580:Kosmos 177
3570:Kosmos 176
3565:Kosmos 175
3543:Kosmos 174
3538:Kosmos 173
3523:Kosmos 172
3518:Kosmos 171
3503:Kosmos 170
3459:Kosmos 169
3449:Kosmos 168
3385:Kosmos 167
3370:Kosmos 166
3360:Kosmos 165
3350:Kosmos 164
3345:Kosmos 163
3335:Kosmos 162
3315:Timation 1
3310:NRL-PL 159
3305:NRL PL-154
3300:NRL PL-153
3295:NRL PL-152
3290:NRL PL-151
3258:Kosmos 161
3248:Kosmos 160
3243:Kosmos 159
3238:Kosmos 158
3233:Kosmos 157
3183:Kosmos 156
3137:Kosmos 155
3132:Kosmos 154
3117:Kosmos 153
3107:Kosmos 152
3102:Kosmos 151
3085:Kosmos 150
3080:Kosmos 149
3075:Kosmos 148
3070:Kosmos 147
3065:Kosmos 146
3055:Kosmos 145
3050:Kosmos 144
3045:Kosmos 143
3025:Kosmos 142
3020:Kosmos 141
3005:Kosmos 140
2978:Kosmos 139
2973:Kosmos 138
2713:(uncrewed)
2221:(uncrewed)
2217:Soyuz TM-1
2121:(uncrewed)
2075:Kosmos 670
2066:Soyuz 7K-S
2028:Kosmos 638
1903:(uncrewed)
1867:Kosmos 656
1857:Kosmos 613
1842:Kosmos 496
1833:Soyuz 7K-T
1771:Kosmos 382
1670:Zond 1967A
1659:Kosmos 146
1599:(uncrewed)
1570:Kosmos 186
1559:Kosmos 140
1554:(uncrewed)
1544:Kosmos 133
1343:. Bantam.
927:References
913:, and the
874:after the
857:N-1 rocket
837:Simferopol
820:, Moscow.
818:Red Square
772:59°33′45″E
769:51°21′39″N
657:Kosmos 140
653:Kosmos 133
631:Background
555:Cosmonaut
515:Cosmonaut
487:rendezvous
428:Kosmos 140
291:Contractor
183:Dimensions
138:Spacecraft
4228:LK Lander
4081:7K-L1/L1S
3962:Zond-LOK
3885:N1 rocket
3818:underline
3781:Pioneer 8
3365:Mariner 5
3091:OGCh No.8
3030:Diadème 2
3015:Diadème 1
2396:Soyuz-TMA
2117:Soyuz T-1
1495:Site 31/6
1216:"Soyuz 1"
1158:5 January
921:Apollo 15
911:Apollo 11
737:reentered
681:Politburo
464:cosmonaut
238:– "Ruby")
206:Crew size
82:1967-037A
76:COSPAR ID
4028:Soyuz 2A
3776:OPS 1001
3771:OPS 5000
3724:Apollo 4
3704:OPS 1587
3699:OPS 0562
3669:OPS 4995
3634:OPS 1264
3600:OPS 4947
3590:OPS 4941
3575:OPS 5089
3533:OPS 7202
3528:OPS 4886
3513:OPS 4827
3476:OPS 1879
3434:IDCSP 19
3429:IDCSP 18
3424:IDCSP 17
3419:IDCSP 16
3397:OPS 4286
3380:OPS 1873
3375:OPS 3559
3355:Venera 4
3340:OPS 4360
3330:OPS 5712
3268:OPS 5557
3263:OPS 4321
3253:OPS 7218
3228:OPS 1967
3223:OPS 4696
3193:OPS 6679
3188:OPS 6638
3177:OPS 4243
3149:OPS 0100
3112:OPS 4779
3040:OPS 4204
3035:OPS 4750
3010:OPS 6073
2995:OPS 4399
2968:IDCSP 16
2963:IDCSP 15
2958:IDCSP 14
2953:IDCSP 13
2948:IDCSP 12
2943:IDCSP 11
2938:IDCSP 10
2928:OPS 1664
2634:Soyuz MS
2208:Soyuz-TM
2038:Soyuz 16
1872:Soyuz 14
1862:Soyuz 13
1852:Soyuz 12
1816:Soyuz 10
1715:Zond-M 1
1490:Site 1/5
1310:(2020).
1282:(2020).
1226:15 April
1024:15 April
900:Soyuz 11
876:Apollo 1
829:Istanbul
795:Orenburg
551:Position
511:Position
466:colonel
390:223.0 km
380:197.0 km
285:Site 1/5
281:Baikonur
224:Callsign
64:Operator
4266:Italics
4177:Zond 10
4060:Soyuz 8
4056:Soyuz 7
4052:Soyuz 6
4047:Soyuz 5
4043:Soyuz 4
4038:Soyuz 3
4034:Soyuz 2
4023:Soyuz 1
4014:docking
3954:Zond-M
3875:ascent/
3822:italics
3611:Unnamed
3493:OV1-86
3409:SECOR-9
3403:Unnamed
3284:ESRO-2A
3218:Ariel 3
3165:Soyuz 1
3143:Unnamed
3127:RPM-481
2933:IDCSP 9
2854:Italics
2624:TMA-20M
2619:TMA-19M
2614:TMA-18M
2609:TMA-17M
2604:TMA-16M
2599:TMA-15M
2594:TMA-14M
2589:TMA-13M
2584:TMA-12M
2579:TMA-11M
2574:TMA-10M
2569:TMA-09M
2564:TMA-08M
2559:TMA-07M
2554:TMA-06M
2549:TMA-05M
2544:TMA-04M
2539:TMA-03M
2534:TMA-02M
2097:Soyuz-T
1595:Soyuz 2
1564:Soyuz 1
1250:npr.org
1137:9 April
1049:9 April
950:4 March
865:Soyuz 5
861:Soyuz 4
853:Soyuz 3
849:Soyuz 2
595:Perigee
491:Soyuz 2
478:in the
456:Union 1
448:Russian
444:Soyuz 1
433:Soyuz 2
297:(OKB-1)
214:Members
178:2800 kg
170:6450 kg
162:(OKB-1)
97:SATCAT
70:(OKB-1)
33:Soyuz 1
25:Soyuz-1
4170:Zond 9
4164:Zond 8
4159:Zond 7
4137:Zond 6
4132:Zond 5
4115:Zond 4
3940:LK-700
3900:Blok D
3895:Blok E
3786:ERS-30
3756:WRESAT
3729:ESSA-6
3488:OV1-12
3482:OV1-11
3414:Aurora
3208:ERS-27
3203:ERS-20
3198:ERS-18
3159:ESSA-5
2983:ESSA-4
2911:1968 →
2896:← 1966
2844:Kosmos
2764:
2755:
2711:
2510:TMA-22
2505:TMA-21
2500:TMA-20
2495:TMA-19
2490:TMA-18
2485:TMA-17
2480:TMA-16
2475:TMA-15
2470:TMA-14
2465:TMA-13
2460:TMA-12
2455:TMA-11
2450:TMA-10
2219:
2119:
2045:
1977:
1962:
1901:
1809:(1971)
1727:Zond 7
1682:Zond 4
1597:
1347:
1318:
1290:
1071:11 May
888:Salyut
843:Legacy
699:, and
622:Period
604:Apogee
560:Pilot
520:Pilot
452:Союз 1
406:Period
365:Regime
267:Rocket
4217:LOK 2
4210:LOK 1
4016:tests
4011:Soyuz
3946:Zond
3766:OV3-6
3714:ATS-3
3654:OSO 4
3498:OGO-4
3444:DODGE
3439:LES-5
3122:ATS-2
3060:OSO 3
2989:OV3-5
2848:Soyuz
2830:MS-29
2826:2026
2820:MS-28
2815:MS-27
2811:2025
2796:MS-26
2791:MS-25
2771:MS-24
2762:MS-23
2753:MS-22
2748:MS-21
2743:MS-20
2738:MS-19
2733:MS-18
2728:MS-17
2723:MS-16
2718:MS-15
2709:MS-14
2704:MS-13
2699:MS-12
2694:MS-11
2688:MS-10
2683:MS-09
2678:MS-08
2673:MS-07
2668:MS-06
2663:MS-05
2658:MS-04
2653:MS-03
2648:MS-02
2445:TMA-9
2440:TMA-8
2435:TMA-7
2430:TMA-6
2425:TMA-5
2420:TMA-4
2415:TMA-3
2410:TMA-2
2386:TM-34
2381:TM-33
2376:TM-32
2371:TM-31
2366:TM-30
2361:TM-29
2356:TM-28
2351:TM-27
2346:TM-26
2341:TM-25
2336:TM-24
2331:TM-23
2326:TM-22
2321:TM-21
2316:TM-20
2311:TM-19
2306:TM-18
2301:TM-17
2296:TM-16
2291:TM-15
2286:TM-14
2281:TM-13
2276:TM-12
2271:TM-11
2266:TM-10
2167:T-10a
1709:1969A
1693:1968B
1687:1968A
1676:1967B
673:Lenin
617:50.8°
495:Earth
489:with
400:50.8°
235:Rubin
229:Рубин
104:02759
4253:LK-1
4077:Zond
3970:LOK
3928:LK-1
2904:1967
2261:TM-9
2256:TM-8
2251:TM-7
2246:TM-6
2241:TM-5
2236:TM-4
2231:TM-3
2226:TM-2
2198:T-15
2193:T-14
2188:T-13
2183:T-12
2178:T-11
2173:T-10
2112:1074
1796:No.2
1345:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1228:2009
1202:2010
1181:2010
1160:2015
1139:2012
1073:2012
1051:2012
1026:2009
976:2010
952:2009
880:Moon
863:and
851:and
739:the
735:and
655:and
586:Mass
501:Crew
201:Crew
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2086:869
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