754:"; however, the term "inerrancy" had been implied in the 1833 New Hampshire Baptist Confession of Faith ("truth without any mixture of error") in wording that, by this time, had already been incorporated into the 1925 and 1963 editions of the Baptist Faith and Message. The word "inerrancy" was also used by the prominent Southern Baptist scholar A. T. Robertson in the late 19th century. Some reformed theologians in Europe had utilized the term "inerrancy" in the same way that North American theologians used "infallibility." Many conservative leaders championed the word "inerrancy" in this phase of the ongoing controversyâa phase that would later become known as the "inerrancy controversy."
677:
controversy as the
Committee on Boards); the appointments do not require approval of the messengers at an annual meeting. This committee, in turn, nominates the members of the Committee on Nominations to be approved by the Messengers at the next annual meeting (i.e. one year after the president is elected and he appoints the Committee on Committees), which in turn nominates appointees for vacant positions to be approved by the messengers at the subsequent annual meeting (i.e., two years from the initial Committee on Committees appointments, and one year after the Committee on Nominations makes its recommendations).
1013:(BGCT), the largest of the Southern Baptist state conventions, did not vote in 1998 to align itself with the CBF, despite some reports to the contrary. The BGCT did allow individual churches to designate their missions dollars to a number of different missions organizations, including the SBC and CBF. One of the stated reasons for doing so was their objection to proposed changes in the 2000 revision of the Baptist Faith and Message, which the BGCT said made the document sound like a creed in violation of historic Baptist tradition which opposed their use.
766:
president. Each has appointed more conservative individuals, who in turn appointed others, who nominated the trustees, who elected the agency heads and institutional presidents, including those of the seminaries. Throughout the 1980s, Conservative
Resurgence advocates gained control over the SBC leadership at every level from the administration to key faculty at their seminaries and slowly turned the SBC towards more conservative positions on many social issues. By early 1989 nearly every one of the SBC boards had a majority of takeover people on it.
916:, president of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Fort Worth, was fired abruptly. The trustees explained Dilday failed to support the resurgence at the convention and that he held liberal views of the scripture. In a March 22 statement, the faculty claimed that Dilday was an "excellent administrator" who led Southwestern in a "highly effective and successful manner" and "with a spirit of Christlikeness." Dilday, the statement said, also kept the school doctrinally sound.
1106:
the controversy has exacted. "Friendships and sometimes family relationships have been marred. Churches have sometimes been damaged even though local church life has proceeded for the most part above the fray and often remains largely oblivious to it. No one seriously confessing the name of Jesus can rejoice in these sorrows", Patterson writes. "I confess that I often second guess my own actions and agonize over those who have suffered on both sides, including my own family."
1036:
General
Convention of Missouri. Five of the old Missouri Baptist Convention agencies changed their charters in 2000 and 2001 to elect their own trustees instead of allowing them to be appointed by the Missouri Baptist Convention. Leaders of the Missouri Baptist Convention saw this as a violation of convention bylaws. When the trustees of the agencies refused to settle the matter out of court, the Missouri Baptist Convention filed suit against them.
946:. The SBC amended the Baptist Faith and Message by adding Article XVIII ("The Family"); it included a complementarian statement about male-priority gender roles in marriage, including an adverbial modifier to the verb "submit": a wife is to "submit herself graciously to the servant leadership of her husband", followed by a lengthy description of a husband's duty to "love his wife unconditionally."
1065:...the takeover issue was never whether Baptists believed the Bible. The issue is and has always been Creedalism and Fundamentalism. Baptists have always been basically conservative, believing the Bible to be true, trustworthy, and authoritative. There have been individuals who deviated from that mindset but they did not last long among us. They went on to other movements in the Christian family.
1076:
casualties come as a result of the actions of fellow
Baptists, not at the hands of the enemy. He writes that "Some of it has been accidental, " but that "some has been intentional." He characterizes the struggle as being "far more serious than a controversy, " but rather a "self-destructive, contentious, one-sided feud that at times took on combative characteristics."
632:, was marked by hostilities. Controversy erupted over several explosive issues. At least 17 Baptist state papers questioned editorially the "unchristian, " "bitter, " "vitriolic, " "arrogant, " "militant" spirit and attitude of some of the messengers (delegates from SBC congregations to the annual meeting). The messengers refused to hear an explanation about the
660:. The resolution was by no means conservative: in addition to supporting abortion in cases of rape or incestâa position supported by some conservativesâit also supported it in such cases as "clear evidence of severe fetal deformity, and carefully ascertained evidence of the likelihood of damage to the emotional, mental, and physical health of the mother".
724:, along with Pressler and Patterson, met with a group of pastors and laymen at a hotel near the Atlanta airport to launch the resurgence. They understood Powell's contention that electing the president of the SBC was the key to redirecting the entirety of the denomination. The Atlanta group determined to elect Rogers, pastor of
1087:, claims that the root of the controversy has been about theology. He maintains that the controversy has "returned the Southern Baptist Convention to its historic commitments." Speaking as president of the "new" SBC's executive committee, Chapman cites as examples some of the Conservative Resurgency's claims:
1114:
In 2019, after the scandals of sexual abuse accusations involving
Pressler and sexual abuse cover-ups involving Patterson, the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary removed the stained glass windows depicting the actors of the conservative resurgence, located in the MacGorman Chapel and opened in
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came under the control of the more conservative group which subsequently attempted to take over the boards of the state's agencies and institutions and reshape them along the theological lines of the current SBC. In 2002, some congregations withdrew and affiliated with a new convention called
Baptist
760:
A well-organized political campaign, using precinct style politics, wrested control of the SBC. Such tactics were not unprecedented; Jimmy Allen had openly campaigned for the office just two years earlier. Pressler and
Patterson were accused of directing the affairs of the 1979 meeting from sky boxes
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on the grounds that such an event was morally troubling. This publication immediately stirred a new phase of the ongoing controversy. Some argued that the SBC was trying to stifle dissent. Others pointed out that since
Broadman Press was owned by the SBC, its publications should not stray so far from
480:
By the 1970s, many conservatives in the SBC felt certain seminary professors had drifted from basic
Baptist doctrines. In a formal statement, they declared their commitment to "doctrinal unity in functional diversity", placing an emphasis on biblical authority. Conservatives argued that their beliefs
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statement, which is the seminary's article of faith. The theology faculty affirms
Russell H. Dilday for leading the seminary with a spirit of Christlikeness and a desire to be inclusive with regard to the finest theological and biblical perspectives represented in the Southern Baptist Convention. We
890:
Keith Parks, under pressure from conservative trustees, retired as president of the Foreign Mission Board. In his 13 years as president, missionaries entered had 40 new countries with a total of 3,918 missionaries. Shortly afterward, he joined the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship as missions director.
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At the annual meeting in St. Louis, the messengers reversed their position on abortion (which was passed nine years earlier). This time they passed a resolution condemning the practice, making an exception only to save the life of the mother. Since then, every SBC resolution on the topic has been in
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in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Pinnock is said to have been much more conservative in those days, at which time he argued that liberal professors should be dismissed. He did not embrace more liberal views until later. Ironically, he was a great influence on future conservative leaders, including
472:
Some have tried to argue that Baptists have always avoided creeds. In fact, doctrinal statements have been a part of Baptist life at least since the 17th century. The early SBC saw no need for such a statement since most of its member churches affirmed either the New Hampshire Confession of Faith or
461:
The famed Southern Baptist unity in the past has been more functional than theological. Southern Baptists have banded together to cooperate in ministry, in missions, evangelism, and in Christian education. So long as they emphasize functional ministry, the "rope of sand", as one historian called it,
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While Patterson believes the controversy has achieved its objective of returning the SBC from an alleged "leftward drift" to a more conservative stance, he admits to having some regrets. Patterson points to vocational disruption, hurt, sorrow, and disrupted friendships as evidence of the price that
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The American denominational landscape has experienced significant shifts in recent times, but one major story stands out among them allâthe massive redirection of the Southern Baptist Convention. America's largest evangelical denomination, the Southern Baptist Convention was reshaped, reformed, and
524:
The "Genesis controversy" quickly pervaded the entire SBC. In strong reaction to the controversy, the 1962 SBC meeting elected as its president Rev. K. Owen White, pastor of First Baptist Church Houston, who had written a prominent criticism of Elliott's views. This began what has become an ongoing
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Former president of the SBC Jimmy R. Allen writes that the resurgence/takeover leaders searched for a battle cry to which Baptists would respond. They found it in the fear that we were not "believing the Bible." They focused on the few who interpreted the Bible more liberally and exaggerated that
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Therefore, if conservatives could gain the presidency, the president would nominate conservatives to the Committee on Committees, who would in turn nominate other conservatives to the Committee on Nominations, and then in turn fill the various vacancies with conservatives. If they could gain and
676:
In the early 1970s, SBC employee William Powell developed a rather simple strategy to take control of the SBC: elect the SBC president for ten consecutive years. Under the SBC bylaws, the president has sole authority to appoint the entirety of the Committee on Committees (known during most of the
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In 1963, the SBC adopted the first revision of the Baptist Faith and Message, amending it to include confessional positions more conservative than contained in the original. However, it was not without its critics: one of the architects of the conservative resurgence described it as "having been
1043:
The Virginia and Texas SBC Executive Committees receive and distribute funds from two conventionsâone the traditional/original convention (BGAV and BGCT) and one new one that is only SBC (SBCVA and SBCTX). The Missouri SBC Executive Committee declined to receive money from the new more moderate
850:
Al Shackleford and Dan Martin of the Baptist Press, the official news service of the SBC, were fired by the SBC's executive committee. The executive committee gave no reason for their firing; moderates claimed that they were fired for perceived bias against conservatives in their news coverage.
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The process involves numerous overlaps: at an annual meeting the messengers approve (or reject) the nominees for positions recommended by the Committee on Nominations (the process of which started two years prior), approve nominations for the upcoming Committee on Nominations recommended by the
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where the SBC was meeting. Pressler said such accusations were false. The election on the first ballot of the more conservative Rogers began the ten-year process. Ever since that meeting, with the exception of 2004 and 2005, the conservatives of the denomination have nominated their choice for
1020:. Local congregations either disassociated completely from BGCT or sought "dual alignment" with both groups. The BGCT remains the much larger of the two state conventions, and universities such as Baylor only receive money from the BGCT. Similarly, conservative Baptists in Virginia formed the
791:
The SBC voted in Kansas City to adopt a strongly worded resolution against women in the pastorate. The rationale cited was that "the New Testament emphasizes the equal dignity of men and women (Gal. 3:28)" but that "The Scriptures teach that women are not in public worship to assume a role of
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students at SBTS reporting believing "Jesus is the Divine Son of God and I have no doubts about it, " only 63% of final year graduate students made that claim, according to Hollyfield's analysis. In 1981, redacted information from Hollyfield's thesis was put into tract form and distributed by
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Critics of the takeover faction assert that the "civil war" among Southern Baptists has been about power lust and right-wing secular politics. Dilday has analogized what he calls "the carnage of the past quarter century of denominational strife in our Baptist family" to "friendly fire" where
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and liberal leaders were voted out of office. Though some senior employees were fired from their jobs, most were replaced through attrition. Conversely, moderate and liberal presidents, professors, and department heads of Southern Baptist seminaries, mission groups and other convention-owned
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was decided) reaffirmed the 1971 resolution, saying that it "dealt responsibly from a Christian perspective with complexities of abortion problems in contemporary society" while also in the same resolution saying that the SBC "historically held a high view of the sanctity of human life".
825:
At the SBC Convention in San Antonio, a resolution was passed critical of the liberal interpretation of the "priesthood of the believer" and "soul competency." Moderates and liberals accused conservatives of elevating the pastor to the position of authority in the church he serves.
784:
Cecil Sherman, a leader of the moderate faction of Southern Baptists, declared in a debate with Patterson that he did not believe in an inerrant Bible but in "...a âdynamicalâ view of the Bible's inspiration and then pointed to what he saw as contradictions in the biblical text.
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Because each level of Baptist life is autonomous, changes at the national level do not require approval or endorsement by the state conventions or local associations. The majority of state conventions have continued to cooperate with the SBC. However, the state conventions in
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Missouri group. They said it was not in Southern Baptists' best interest to cooperate with another group opposed to the conservative leadership of the Missouri Baptist Convention. Individual churches in the newer convention may contribute to the SBC directly.
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did indeed represent a consensus among Southern Baptists. These individuals felt that while early Southern Baptists agreed on basic theological issues, by the 1970s many of these beliefs had come under attack in schools owned and operated by the SBC.
818:
The SBC voted in St. Louis to adopt a report from "The Peace Committee" that had been set up in 1985. The report identified the roots of the controversy as primarily theological and called on Baptist seminaries to teach in accordance with the Bible.
1119:
would also named as assisting in the abuse cover up as well. By December 2023, seven men accused Pressler of sexually abusing them between 1977 and 2016, with some even accusing him of sexually abusing them when they were underage minors.
1115:
2011. Images removed from the chapel included those of Pressler, Patterson, former SBC presidents Charles Stanley, W.A. Criswell, Adrian Rogers, Bailey Smith, Jerry Vines and Ed Young and many others. In March 2023, prominent SBC lawyer
2393:
Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1993. (Moderate leaders tell their stories about the moderate political response to the Fundamentalist TakeHover and the creation of new Baptist communities in the light of the Takeover's final
529:) in Nashville, was immediately criticized,and their other materials, including Sunday School quarterlies, became suspect. Elliott's book was withdrawn from publication, and he was later dismissed from Midwestern for insubordination.
840:, was accused by a new trustee of "not believing the Bible." The trustee cited some of Honeycutt's own writings as evidence. This same trustee would later become chairman of the seminary board shortly after resurgency leader
232:
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Jerry Rankin and the IMB trustees began requiring missionaries to sign their assent to the 2000 Baptist Faith and Message. Many missionaries resigned, and the requirement was said to "undermine missionary morale."
857:
After the SBC had elected 12 straight conservative convention presidents, who then used their position to appoint conservative educators and administrators, a group of moderates broke away in 1990 to form the
881:
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strong opposition to reproductive rights and has expanded into similar topics such as fetal tissue experimentation, RU-486, and taxpayer funding of abortions generally and Planned Parenthood specifically.
505:. Elliott considered his book a "very moderate" volume, though this is vastly disputed. Some prominent Southern Baptists, however, saw the book in a different light and took issue with Elliot's use of
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Macon, Georgia: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 1995. (A historical overview of several disputes that have changed Baptist life, with the story of the Fundamentalist Takeover added at the end.)
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later described it as a "reformation ... achieved at an incredibly high cost." A part of that cost was the departure of 1,900 churches from the convention, which broke away in 1990 to form the
2456:
Wiles, Dennis Ray. "Factors Contributing to the Resurgence of Fundamentalism in the Southern Baptist Convention. 1979â1990." PhD diss. Ft. Worth: Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1992.
2323:. (Pressler was an architect of the Takeover/Resurgence."Succinct, accurate portrayals of complex circumstancesâa readable, journalistic summary that caught the flavor as well as the facts.")
1040:, Missouri Baptist Foundation, The Baptist Home and the Missouri Baptist Children's home all settled individually to be brought back under the control of the Missouri Baptist Convention.
405:; whenever an issue arose it had looked to two earlier and more general baptistic confessions of faith produced in the United States: the Philadelphia Confession of Faith (1742) and the
17:
2386:
Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1996. (A chronology of the controversy, along with the publication of articles dealing with the events of the controversy as they occurred.)
2187:
Johnson, James Benson, II. "Academic Freedom and the Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary Experience. 1979â1989." PhD diss. Williamsburg: The College of William and Mary, 1994.
2411:
Stone, William Stanley, Jr. "The Southern Baptist Convention Reformation. 1979- 1990: A Social Drama (Social Movement)." PhD diss. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 1993.
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_________. Southern Baptist Politics: Authority and Power in the Restructuring of an American Denomination. University Park, Pa.: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994.
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Turner, Helen Lee. "Fundamentalism in the Southern Baptist Convention: The Crystallization of a Millenialist Vision." PhD diss. Charlottesville: University of Virginia, 1990.
607:(SBTS) master's degree student, Noel Wesley Hollyfield, Jr., presented survey results that revealed an inverse correlation between length of attendance at SBTS and Christian
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Dallas: BaptistWay Press, 1998. Dr. McBeth is a prominent Baptist theologian who has chronicled the Conservative Resurgence/Fundamentalist Takeover both here and elsewhere.
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in other denominations, Southern Baptists saw the need to define their beliefs in a formal doctrinal statement. Thus, they adopted the 1925 Baptist Faith and Message.
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Davis, Jimmy Thomas. "Organizational Ideographs: A Case Study of the Recent Rise of Southern Baptist Fundamentalism." PhD diss. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1987.
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147:
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In a reversal from the national convention (where the moderates left and the conservatives stayed), many Texas conservatives formed their own state convention, the
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Whitlock, David. "Southern Baptists and Southern Culture: Three Visions of a Christian America." PhD diss. Louisville: Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1988.
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in Dallas, met in New Orleans to plan the successful political strategy to elect like-minded conservative convention presidents and in turn members of SBC boards.
2149:
New Orleans: New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 1988. (Additional articles and interviews with major personalities on different sides of the controversy.)
1516:
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Elliott, Ralph H. The "Genesis Controversy" and Continuity in Southern Baptist Chaos. A Eulogy for a Great Tradition. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1992.
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179:
2065:. Macon, Georgia: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 1993. (Articles on various aspects of the controversy, written by a variety of moderate scholars.)
80:
1317:
Shurden, Walter. "The Southern Baptist Synthesis: Is It Cracking?" and "The Inerrancy Debate: A Comparative Study of Southern Baptist Controversies."
2142:
New Orleans: New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 1985. (A compendium of articles and interviews by persons on differing sides of the conflict.)
981:. In 1990, another schism occurred in which a group of moderate churches criticized the denomination for the same reasons, as well as opposition to
938:, who had criticized Southern Baptists in the days of moderateâliberal rule, attended his first SBC convention as a messenger along with others from
1284:
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McNabb, Freddie, III. "Inerrancy and Beyond: The Controversy in the Southern Baptist Convention." MA thesis, University Southern Mississippi, 1991.
377:, a moderate Baptist group which affirms women in ordained ministry and emphasizes the Baptist principles of the autonomy of the local church, the
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trend for SBC presidents to be elected on the basis of their theology. Broadman Press, the publishing arm of the Baptist Sunday School Board (now
456:
The founders wrote: "We have constructed for our basis no new creed; acting in this matter upon a Baptist aversion for all creeds but the Bible".
1813:
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Farnsley, Arthur Emery, II. "Majority Rules: The Politicization of the Southern Baptist Convention." PhD diss. Atlanta: Emory University, 1990.
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openly challenged the new directions and announced a "dual affiliation" with contributions to both the SBC's Cooperative Program and the CBF.
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Committee on Committees (which took place the prior year), and further elect the president, who will appoint the new Committee on Committees.
2474:
2249:
Asheville, North Carolina: R. Brent and Company, 2005. (The personal experiences and observations of a former Southern Baptist missionary.)
952:
The SBC adopted a revised Baptist Faith and Message, which (for the first time) included statements opposing homosexuality and abortion.
862:(CBF). Due in part to the perception that Shackleford and Martin were fired for bias against conservative leadership, the CBF formed the
640:("hooted and hollered at...") Herschel H. Hobbs, the respected elder statesman and former president of the SBC, when he urged restraint.
321:
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Macon, Georgia: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 1994. (Various articles on the issue of Biblical authority and Biblical inerrancy.)
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1941:
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802:
750:", to their understanding of Scripture. Since 1650 the adjective most used by Baptists to describe their view of the Bible had been "
421:
293:
281:
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592:
562:, a section written by G. Henton Davies, a Welsh Baptist, questioned the reliability of the biblical episode in which God commands
276:
225:
1717:"Charges fly in firing of seminary presidentâRussell Dilday, former president of the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary."
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490:
269:
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Mohler was appointed president of Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in 1993 and "hailed as a hero of SBC fundamentalism."
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fact. Allen's assessment is that "It was like hunting rabbits with howitzers. They destroyed more than they accomplished."
2418:. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1985. Sullivan, James. Baptist Polity as I see It. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1983.
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Allen, Jimmy R."The Takeover Resurgence is Creedalism." Texas Baptists Committed. Aug. 2004. Accessed September 28, 2009.
1696:
1010:
1997:
Austin, Texas: Battle for Baptist Integrity, Inc., 1995. (Observations of a longtime, involved Southern Baptist layman.)
2308:
Macon: Mercer University Press, 1998. (Analysis of the 1994 "Report of the Presidential Theological Study Committee.")
1520:
2247:
The Betrayal: The Hostile Takeover of the Southern Baptist Convention and a Missionary's Fight for Freedom in Christ.
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In 1987, a group of churches criticized the fundamentalist resurgence for controlling the leadership and founded the
406:
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Faught, Jerry L. Jr."The Ralph Elliott Controversy: Competing Philosophies of Southern Baptist Seminary Education."
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Lloyd Elder, president of the Sunday School Board, resigned under pressure and was replaced by former SBC president
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2433:. (Reexamines the twenty-year struggle "in gratitude to those who worked to bring about the Baptist Reformation.)
314:
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hold the presidency for ten years, they would accomplish the goal of having all agency heads be conservatives.
374:
1826:
2256:
Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996. (Historical analysis; includes interviews with major players.)
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28 (October 1993). (Entire issue is devoted to the controversy, including essays from persons on both sides.)
1916:"Houston GOP activist knew for years of child sex abuse claims against Southern Baptist leader, law partner"
901:, a staunch conservative. A total of 159 employees retired (voluntarily or involuntarily) in November 1991.
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The resurgence is said by some to be the most serious controversy ever to occur within the SBC, the largest
197:
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809:, resigned after the trustees voted to hire only faculty members who follow the Baptist Faith and Message
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378:
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126:
33:
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Humphreys, Fisher, editor. "The Controversy in the Southern Baptist Convention." A Special Issue of the
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Baptist colleges and seminaries were producing more liberalism in writing, proclamation, and publication
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In the 1960s, the Sunday School Board, in its most ambitious publishing project, produced the 12-volume
1750:
939:
696:
559:
307:
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Noll, Mark A. The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1994.
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1942:"Southern Baptist Convention settles high-profile lawsuit that accused former leader of sexual abuse"
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437:
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346:. It was launched with the charge that the seminaries and denominational agencies were dominated by
338:(SBC) experienced an intense struggle for control of the organization. Its initiators called it the
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An Experiment in Christian Internationalism: A History of the European Baptist Theological Seminary
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Conservative Southern Baptists of this time bemoaned what they claimed was the growing presence of
417:
350:. The movement was primarily aimed at reorienting the denomination away from a liberal trajectory.
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The continued influence of many teachers and leaders who did not hold to a high view of Scripture.
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Against Returning to Egypt: Exposing and Resisting Creedalism in the Southern Baptist Convention.
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The Genesis Controversy and Continuity in Southern Baptist Chaos: A Eulogy for a Great Tradition.
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1545:
1449:"McMaster Divinity College | Preparing Christian leaders for the church, academy, society"
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798:
751:
558:, came out in 1969. In addition to providing further fuel for the controversy surrounding the
1598:"Southern Baptist Convention > Resolution On Ordination And The Role Of Women In Ministry"
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358:
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The New Crusades, The New Holy Land: Conflict in the Southern Baptist Convention, 1968â1991.
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_________, editor. "Polarities in the Southern Baptist Convention: " A Special Issue of the
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May, Lynn E., editor. "The Southern Baptist Convention, 1979â1993: What Happened and Why?"
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1873:. Dilday was president of the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary from 1978 to 1994.
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The Southern Baptist Convention and the Judgment of History: The Taint of an Original Sin
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Baptist Battles: Social Change and Religious Conflict in the Southern Baptist Convention.
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The Baptist Reformation: The Conservative Resurgence in the Southern Baptist Convention.
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The Struggle for the Soul of the SBC: Moderate Responses to the Fundamentalist Movement.
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The Baptist Reformation: The Conservative Resurgence in the Southern Baptist Convention.
420:", led a campaign upon the SBC (from which he would later depart), particularly against
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The Struggle for the Soul of the SBC: Moderate Responses to the Fundamentalist Movement
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_________. "The Struggle for the Soul of the SBC: Reflections and Interpretations." In
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New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1990. (Sociological study of the controversy.)
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1231:
The Way We Were: How Southern Baptist Theology Has Changed and what it Means to Us All.
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416:, described as "one of the most controversial and flamboyant figures in the history of
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The Way We Were: How Southern Baptist Theology Has Changed and What It Means To Us All
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1517:"Southern Baptist Convention > Resolution on Abortion and Sanctity of Human Life"
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conservatives as evidence of the need for reform from apostasy within SBC agencies.
509:, his portrayal of Genesis 1-11 as mythological literature and his speculation that
1203:
Fourth Edition, Wilkes Publishing Co., Inc. Washington, Georgia. Available free at
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The Truth in Crisis: The Conservative Resurgence in the Southern Baptist Convention
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During his administration, his doctrinal stance was completely consistent with the
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and how to interpret the Bible. Until 1925 the SBC did not have a specific, formal
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Throughout the 20th century, controversy had flared up sporadically among Southern
264:
65:
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Faught, Jerry L. Jr."Round Two, Volume One: the Broadman Commentary Controversy."
2358:, edited by Walter B. Shurden, 275â90. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1993.
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authority over men lest confusion reign in the local church (1 Cor. 14:33-36)".
436:, Texas. In response, the SBC adopted its first formal confession of faith, the
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God's Last and Only Hope: The Fragmentation of the Southern Baptist Convention.
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Seminary removes stained glass windows celebrating conservative takeover of SBC
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717:
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In the Name of the Father: The Rhetoric of the New Southern Baptist Convention
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What Happened to the Southern Baptist Convention? A Memoir of the Controversy.
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was decided, the messengers passed the SBC's first resolution on the topic of
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1974:
Southern Baptists Observed: Multiple Perspectives on a Changing Denomination.
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http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-2775696/Round-two-volume-one-the.html
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239:
54:
473:
the Philadelphia Confession. By the 1920s, with the rise of liberalism and
47:
2285:
Identity Crisis in the Church: The Southern Baptist Convention Controversy
2182:
Beyond the Impasse? Scripture. Interpretation and Theology in Baptist Life
1417:
Office of Public Relations at 2001 West Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas, 76115
2365:. updated edition. Macon, Ga.: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 1995.
1054:
restructured over the last three decades, and at an incredibly high cost.
653:
588:
510:
433:
59:
2037:
The New SBC: Fundamentalism's Impact On The Southern Baptist Convention.
934:
In June, Patterson was elected president of the SBC without opposition.
462:
holds; when they switch from function to doctrine, unity is threatened.
2098:
The Truth in Crisis: The Controversy in the Southern Baptist Convention
2091:
Uneasy in Babylon: Southern Baptist Conservatives and American Culture.
2063:
Amidst Babel, Speak Truth: Reflections on the Southern Baptist Struggle
1256:
Mohler, Albert."The Southern Baptist ReformationâA First-Hand Account."
1209:
2399:
Not a Silent People: Controversies that Have Shaped Southern Baptists.
2363:
Not a Silent People: Controversies That Have Shaped Southern Baptists
2337:
Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1989. (Sociological study.)
1976:
Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993. (Sociological study.)
738:
The 1979 SBC meeting in Houston produced two important developments:
649:
608:
1585:
Cecil Sherman, Who Led a Faction of Moderate Baptists, Is Dead at 82
1415:
Anatomy of a Reformation: The Southern Baptist Convention 1978â2004.
732:, as the first Conservative Resurgence president of the convention.
2112:
The Truth in Crisis: Conservative Resurgence or Political Takeover?
1098:
which elevates human reason above the clear statements of the Bible
1028:
1003:
657:
394:
2328:
The Unfettered Word: Confronting the AuthorityâInerrancy Question.
353:
It was achieved by the systematic election, beginning in 1979, of
2384:
Going for the Jugular: A Documentary History of the SBC Holy War.
2049:
Brentwood, Tennessee: Baptist History and Heritage Society, 2006.
1144:
563:
2370:
Going for the Jugular: A Documentary History of the SBC Holy War
1587:, New York Times, Published: May 1, 2010, Accessed June 12, 2012
1201:
The Fundamentalist Takeover in the Southern Baptist Convention,
1448:
637:
625:
518:
2133:
The Conservative Resurgence in the Southern Baptist Convention
1285:"Baptists have debated creeds & confessions for centuries"
768:
The Fundamentalist Takeover in the Southern Baptist Convention
636:
from the head of the Sunday School Board. Messengers actually
2263:. Charlotte, North Carolina: Southern Baptist Alliance, 1988.
1988:
Has Our Theology Changed? Southern Baptist Thought Since 1845
999:
663:
The messengers at the 1974 meeting in Dallas (the year after
567:
402:
2292:
The Proceedings of the Conference on Biblical Inerrancy 1987
2156:. Macon, Georgia: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 2002.
1633:
http://media.sbhla.org.s3.amazonaws.com/6993,19-Jul-1990.pdf
965:
The Southern Baptist Convention withdrew as a member of the
770:
cites the following as further key events in the resurgence:
2084:
The GodMakers: A Legacy of the Southern Baptist Convention?
2070:
The Southern Baptist Convention: A Sesquicentennial History
514:
2215:
Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1990.
2039:
Macon, Georgia: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 1995.
2032:
Macon, Georgia: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 1993.
1059:
Albert Mohler, an architect of the Conservative Resurgence
532:
1558:"Southern Baptist Convention > Resolution on Abortion"
1491:"Southern Baptist Convention > Resolution on Abortion"
1308:
McBeth, H. Leon. "Baptist Beginnings." September 27, 2009
489:
In July 1961, Ralph Elliott, an Old Testament scholar at
2351:. Macon, Ga.: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 1993.
2280:. Macon, Ga.: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 1993.
2105:
The Truth in Crisis: Bringing the Controversy UR-to-Date
2011:. Macon, Ga.: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 1994.
1814:
Southern Baptists: Moderates Form Alternative Fellowship
2313:
A Hill on Which to Die: One Southern Baptist's Journey.
2201:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999.
2086:
Franklin, Tennessee: Providence House Publishers, 1996.
2025:. Lanharn, Maryland: University Press of America, 1995.
1893:
1891:
927:
deeply regret his firing as president of the seminary."
2296:
Sacred Mandates of Conscience: Interpretations of the
2294:. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1987. Pool, Jeff D., ed.
2047:
A Short History of the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship.
1882:
Chapman, Morris H. "The Root of the SBC Controversy."
1909:
1907:
1670:"Oral Memoirs of Robert Keith Parks, Series 1, audio"
388:
2450:. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995.
2119:
The Truth in Crisis: The 'State' of the Denomination
2072:. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994.
1990:. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994.
1888:
1777:
Baptists in North America: An Historical Perspective
412:
This would change when in the 1920s, Baptist pastor
1884:
http://www.baptist2baptist.net/b2barticle.asp?ID=59
1648:. Macon, GA: Baptist History and Heritage Society.
18:
Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence
2448:Baptist Around the World: A Comprehensive Handbook
2440:. Macon, Ga.: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, 1993.
2335:The Southern Baptists: A Subculture in Transition.
2170:. 8th edition. Decatur, Ga.: Baptists Today, 1994.
1904:
1109:
484:
2225:. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976.
1751:SBC 2004 Annual Report, Recommendation #6, p. 49.
1580:
1578:
972:
517:and not, as generally believed by Christians, of
2461:
2192:Exiled: Voices of the Southern Baptist Holy War.
2004:. Greenville, S. C.: Unusual Publications, 1985.
1674:digitalcollections-baylor.quartexcollections.com
2208:Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2015.
2194:Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2006.
2168:The Takeover in the Southern Baptist Convention
1779:. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 138.
1378:Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1992.
1083:A spokesman for the new leadership of the SBC,
870:) to offer news from the moderate perspective.
362:institutions were replaced with conservatives.
2093:Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2003.
1575:
628:, Colorado, under the leadership of President
2161:Inerrancy and the Southern Baptist Convention
1863:Higher Ground: A Call for Christian Civility.
1803:, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2021, p. 169
315:
2408:. New York: New York University Press, 1997.
2372:. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1996.
1765:, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2021, p. 14
1732:The Baptist Identity: Four Fragile Freedoms.
1713:
1711:
1709:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1358:p. 99, 100. B&H Publishing Group, 1999.
545:
2349:The Baptist Identity: Four Fragile Freedoms
2342:The Doctrine of the Priesthood of Believers
1816:, christianitytoday.com, USA, June 24, 1991
1694:http://www.missouribaptists.org/history.asp
1350:
1348:
1272:Texas Baptists: a Sesquicentennial History.
448:The unity of the SBC had historically been
357:individuals to lead the SBC. Theologically
2079:Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1983.
1540:"Southern Baptist Convention-The Summit",
1427:
1425:
1423:
1233:Macon, Georgia: Smyth & Helwys, 2002.
1022:Southern Baptist Conservatives of Virginia
992:
322:
308:
2377:Proclaiming the Baptist Vision: The Bible
1706:
1402:
803:Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary
554:. Its first volume, covering Genesis and
422:Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary
226:Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission
2425:Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2000.
2287:. Nashville: Gospel Progress Inc., 1993.
2163:. Dallas: Southern Heritage Press, 1986.
1865:Macon, Georgia: Smyth and Helwys, 2007.
1848:
1846:
1774:
1345:
1334:Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2000.
1266:
1264:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1223:
1161:
1159:
1070:Jimmy R. Allen (President, SBC, 1978-79)
671:
593:New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary
2301:. Macon, Ga.: Smyth & Helwys, 1997.
2270:. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1986.
2100:. Dallas: Criterion Publications, 1986.
1901:, baptistnews.com, USA, April 12, 2019
1724:
1643:
1420:
1368:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1150:
746:Southern Baptists applied a new word, "
571:the beliefs of most Southern Baptists.
533:1963 Baptist Faith and Message revision
491:Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary
14:
2462:
2135:. Hannibal, Mo.: Hannibal Books, 1991.
2128:. Hannibal, Mo.: Hannibal Books, 1990.
2121:. Hannibal, Mo.: Hannibal Books, 1989.
2107:. Hannibal, Mo.: Hannibal Books, 1987.
1939:
1913:
1311:
688:
2416:Called to Preach Condemned to Survive
2382:_________ and Randy Sheply, editors.
2180:_________ and David S. Dockery, eds.
2126:The Truth in Crisis: The Winning Edge
2077:Are Southern Baptists "Evangelicals?"
1843:
1801:Historical Dictionary of the Baptists
1763:Historical Dictionary of the Baptists
1734:Smyth & Helwys Publishing, 1993.
1324:
1259:
1243:
1156:
1018:Southern Baptists of Texas Convention
834:Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
605:Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
501:containing his interpretation of the
2114:Hannibal, Mo.: Hannibal Books, 1988.
1983:. Austin: Texas Monthly Press, 1986.
1940:Downen, Robert (December 29, 2023).
1465:
1180:
1135:FundamentalistâModernist Controversy
342:while its detractors labeled it the
2475:Protestantism-related controversies
2204:Kidd, Thomas S. and Barry Hankins.
2014:Bush, L. Russ, and Tom J. Nettles.
1775:Brackney, William H. (2006-07-05).
1721:, April 13, 1994. Web: 24 Dec 2009
1514:
1488:
1011:Baptist General Convention of Texas
703:and a judge in Houston, Texas, and
369:denomination in the United States.
24:
2344:. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1987.
2184:. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1992.
1959:
587:, who later became an advocate of
574:
389:Earlier 20th-century controversies
25:
2491:
2480:Conservatism in the United States
2406:The Rise of Baptist Republicanism
1995:The Battle For Baptist Integrity.
758:Orchestration from the sky boxes.
583:within the SBC's own seminaries.
407:New Hampshire Confession of Faith
2315:B&H Publishing Group, 2002.
1914:Downen, Robert (27 March 2023).
1169:, vol. 6. Hannibal Books, 2008.
832:Roy Honeycutt, president of the
467:Baptist historian H. Leon McBeth
2379:. Macon, Ga.: Smyth and Helwys.
2206:Baptists in America: A History.
2197:_________ and L. Raymond Camp.
1933:
1876:
1855:
1819:
1806:
1793:
1768:
1755:
1744:
1686:
1662:
1637:
1626:
1622:(Texas) Baptist Standard." Web:
1614:
1590:
1550:
1534:
1508:
1482:
1459:
1441:
1389:
1110:Sex abuse and cover up scandals
643:
619:
507:historical-critical methodology
2268:By His Grace and for His Glory
1302:
1277:
1047:
987:Cooperative Baptist Fellowship
973:Liberal and moderate reactions
876:At their October meeting, the
860:Cooperative Baptist Fellowship
648:At the 1971 annual meeting in
375:Cooperative Baptist Fellowship
148:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
2166:James, Rob, and Gary Leazer.
2018:. Chicago: Moody Press, 1980.
1981:The Southern Baptist Holy War
1827:"Missouri Baptist University"
1620:"Baptist Briefs 12/22/2003."
1397:Baptist History and Heritage.
1319:Baptist History and Heritage.
880:trustees voted to defund the
443:
180:List of SBC-affiliated people
2240:Baptist History and Heritage
2232:. Nashville: Broadman, 1987.
2177:Waco, Tx.: Word, Inc., 1987.
1433:Baptist History and Heritage
884:in RĂźschlikon, Switzerland.
882:Baptist Theological Seminary
497:, published a book entitled
198:North American Mission Board
120:Autonomy of the local church
7:
2470:Southern Baptist Convention
2326:Robison, James B., editor.
2278:Principles Worth Protecting
2261:Being Baptist Means Freedom
1468:"Papers of Harold Lindsell"
1123:
1038:Missouri Baptist University
1033:Missouri Baptist Convention
807:Wake Forest, North Carolina
560:Creation account in Genesis
527:LifeWay Christian Resources
379:priesthood of all believers
336:Southern Baptist Convention
212:LifeWay Christian Resources
205:International Mission Board
10:
2496:
844:became president in 1993.
652:, almost two years before
611:. While 87% of first year
2298:Baptist Faith and Message
2283:Paschall, Henry Franklin.
1453:McMaster Divinity College
923:Baptist Faith and Message
634:Broadman Bible Commentary
552:Broadman Bible Commentary
546:Broadman Bible Commentary
438:Baptist Faith and Message
99:Baptist Faith and Message
2223:The Battle for the Bible
2075:Garrett, James Leo, Jr.
2000:Beale, David O. S.B.C.:
1356:A Hill on Which to Die,
1096:hermeneutic of suspicion
864:Associated Baptist Press
736:1979 Houston convention.
624:The 1970 SBC meeting in
219:Woman's Missionary Union
27:1979 resurgence campaign
2190:Kell, Carl L., editor.
2173:James, Robison B., ed.
1965:Ammerman, Nancy Tatom.
1644:Woodfin, Carol (2013).
1546:As Retrieved 2010-02-20
993:State conventions react
726:Bellevue Baptist Church
344:fundamentalist takeover
340:conservative resurgence
334:Beginning in 1979, the
141:Individual soul liberty
127:Priesthood of believers
81:Conservative resurgence
2436:Tuck, William Powell.
2016:Baptists and the Bible
2007:Bland, Thomas A., ed.
1979:Barnhart, Joe Edward.
1812:Richard Leigh Walker,
1321:16 (April 1981): 2-19.
1073:
1062:
967:Baptist World Alliance
929:
799:William Randall Lolley
499:The Message of Genesis
464:
2438:Our Baptist Tradition
2147:Theological Educator.
2140:Theological Educator.
2021:Copeland, E. Luther.
1986:Basden, Paul A., ed.
1799:William H. Brackney,
1761:William H. Brackney,
1472:Billy Graham Archives
1063:
1051:
918:
878:Foreign Mission Board
672:Conservative strategy
566:to sacrifice his son
485:"Genesis" controversy
459:
192:Related organizations
2333:Rosenberg, Ellen M.
2230:The Baptist Heritage
2061:Ferguson, Robert U.
1151:Notes and references
979:Alliance of Baptists
838:Louisville, Kentucky
701:state representative
2414:Sullivan, Clayton.
2389:_________, editor.
2340:Shurden, Walter B.
2266:Nettles, Thomas I.
2175:The Unfettered Word
2068:Fletcher, Jesse C.
1435:Winter-Fall, 2003.
944:Lynchburg, Virginia
868:Baptist News Global
801:, the president of
689:Takeover chronology
403:confession of faith
397:over the nature of
247:Founders Ministries
162:Nashville Statement
2446:Wardin, Albert W.
2290:Patterson, Paige.
2082:Gourley, Bruce T.
1699:2002-06-09 at the
1544:, March 12, 1979,
1478:on August 6, 2007.
1466:Lindsell, Harold.
1399:Summer-Fall, 1999.
1229:Humphreys, Fisher.
1094:The adoption of a
985:, and founded the
730:Memphis, Tennessee
613:Master of Divinity
399:biblical authority
113:Biblical inerrancy
2431:978-0-8054-4091-1
2321:978-0-8054-2634-2
2259:Neely, Alan, ed.
2252:Morgan, David T.
2245:Merritt, John W.
2228:McBeth, H. Leon.
2211:Leonard, Bill J.
2096:Hefley, James C.
2045:Durso, Pamela R.
2028:Cothen, Grady C.
2002:House on the Sand
1920:The Texas Tribune
1740:978-1-880837-20-7
1719:Christian Century
1413:Patterson, Paige.
1374:Elliott, Ralph H.
1340:978-0-8054-4091-1
430:Baylor University
332:
331:
233:State conventions
106:Believers' Church
75:Reformed Baptists
34:Southern Baptists
16:(Redirected from
2487:
2311:Pressler, Paul.
2276:Parker, Gary E.
2219:Lindsell, Harold
2089:Hankins, Barry.
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1937:
1931:
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1926:
1911:
1902:
1895:
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1861:Dilday, Russell.
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1655:978-1-57843-1113
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1612:
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1609:
1608:
1594:
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1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1560:. Archived from
1554:
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1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1519:. Archived from
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
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1493:. Archived from
1486:
1480:
1479:
1474:. Archived from
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1296:
1287:. Archived from
1281:
1275:
1270:McBeth, Harry L.
1268:
1257:
1254:
1241:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1208:. Archived from
1197:
1178:
1165:Hefley, James C.
1163:
1071:
1060:
983:women's ministry
709:Criswell College
591:, taught at the
585:Clark H. Pinnock
581:liberal ideology
513:was a priest of
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30:
29:
21:
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2421:Sutton, Jerry.
2404:Smith, Oran P.
2375:_________. ed.
2159:James, Gordon.
1993:Baugh, John G.
1962:
1960:Further reading
1957:
1947:
1945:
1944:. Texas Tribune
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1934:
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1730:Walter Shurden.
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1707:
1701:Wayback Machine
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1130:Christian Right
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995:
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899:James T. Draper
742:The concept of
707:, president of
705:Paige Patterson
691:
674:
646:
622:
598:Paige Patterson
577:
575:Seminary issues
548:
535:
503:book of Genesis
487:
470:
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414:J. Frank Norris
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1330:Sutton, Jerry.
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1199:James, Rob B.
1179:
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1140:Moral Majority
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1085:Morris Chapman
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914:Russell Dilday
772:
771:
755:
718:W. A. Criswell
690:
687:
673:
670:
645:
642:
630:W. A. Criswell
621:
618:
576:
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547:
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538:infected with
534:
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418:fundamentalism
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1601:
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1566:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1552:
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1525:. Retrieved
1521:the original
1515:SBC (1971).
1510:
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1495:the original
1489:SBC (1971).
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1476:the original
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1289:the original
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644:1971 meeting
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540:neo-orthodox
536:
523:
498:
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471:
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453:
452:rather than
449:
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411:
392:
383:soul liberty
364:
355:conservative
352:
343:
339:
333:
294:Southwestern
282:Southeastern
72: /
68: /
48:Christianity
2397:_________.
2394:victories.)
2361:_________.
2347:_________.
2304:_________.
2152:_________.
2131:_________.
2124:_________.
2117:_________.
2110:_________.
2103:_________.
2035:_________.
1972:_________.
1897:Bob Allen,
1703:24 Dec 2009
1602:www.sbc.net
1048:Assessments
761:high above
699:, a former
654:Roe v. Wade
603:In 1976, a
589:open theism
542:theology."
511:Melchizedek
495:Kansas City
277:New Orleans
155:Two offices
60:Anabaptists
2464:Categories
2368:_________.
1836:2020-08-29
1679:2024-05-13
1607:2018-11-01
1568:2018-03-16
1527:2018-03-16
1501:2018-03-16
1295:2015-03-18
1216:2013-09-30
940:his church
763:The Summit
752:infallible
744:Inerrancy.
454:doctrinal.
450:functional
444:Background
426:Fort Worth
367:Protestant
270:Midwestern
259:Seminaries
42:Background
989:in 1991.
748:inerrancy
650:St. Louis
609:orthodoxy
409:of 1833.
1948:June 16,
1697:Archived
1124:See also
1068:â
1057:â
1029:Missouri
1004:Virginia
658:abortion
395:Baptists
359:moderate
348:liberals
289:Southern
1925:16 June
1145:Seminex
564:Abraham
265:Gateway
93:Beliefs
66:General
2429:
2319:
1869:
1783:
1738:
1652:
1382:
1362:
1338:
1237:
1206:"Home"
1173:
1031:, the
626:Denver
556:Exodus
519:Yahweh
381:, and
174:People
70:Strict
1692:Web:
1000:Texas
963:2004:
956:2002:
950:2000:
932:1998:
911:1994:
905:1993:
895:1991:
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866:(now
855:1990:
848:1990:
830:1990:
823:1988:
816:1987:
796:1987:
789:1984:
782:1981:
775:1980:
715:1978.
694:1967.
638:booed
568:Isaac
2427:ISBN
2317:ISBN
1950:2024
1927:2024
1867:ISBN
1781:ISBN
1736:ISBN
1650:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1336:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1009:The
1002:and
720:and
515:Baal
434:Waco
428:and
1027:In
942:in
836:in
805:in
728:in
665:Roe
493:in
432:in
424:in
2466::
2221:.
1918:.
1906:^
1890:^
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323:e
316:t
309:v
20:)
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