402:
334:
410:
104:
76:
97:
342:
3136:
27:
270:. Evidence of mining activity in South Crofty has been dated back to 1592, with full-scale mining beginning in the mid-17th century. The mine went into serious decline after 1985 and eventually closed in 1998. After several changes of ownership, South Crofty is owned by Cornish Metals Inc, which is working to re-open the mine, as of November 2022, having received a permit for dewatering the mine.
321:
when shallow reserves were exhausted. The mine was now operating at the 260-fathom (1,560 ft; 480 m) level, where only tin was found. The collapse of the tin price affected South Wheal Crofty both directly (loss of revenue) and indirectly, via increased pumping costs as neighbouring mines closed down. In
February 1896 mining was suspended and the mine flooded.
484:. By this time the mine was employing 26 people and total capital investment to re-open the mine was forecast to reach £9 million by June 2008, with the anticipation of its reopening at the end of 2009 after further investment of £50 million. The owners of the mine stated that it had the "potential for a mining life of eighty years".
317:
by 1842 East Wheal Crofty was regarded as a 'model' mine. This state of affairs did not last however, and by 1863 part of the property was for sale. The remainder of the mine, now at least 210 metres (690 ft) deep, was renamed South Wheal Crofty which, with the deletion of 'Wheal', has been the name ever since.
539:
In
October 2017, following successful water treatment trials, Strongbow announced that it had received a dewatering permit from the UK Environment Agency allowing the discharge of up to 25,000 cubic metres of treated water per day into the Red River. The granting of this permit means South Crofty is
471:
for Review of
Mineral Planning Permissions (ROMPs), which the Council first requested in 2002. After three further reviews submitted by Baseresult in 2002, 2004 and 2005, the Council finally granted permission for the mine in September 2006. One month later CPR Regeneration announced that they would
434:
in 1993 which was shipped to a smelter in
Malaysia. In 1994 South Crofty was purchased by Crew Natural Resources of Canada; at this time the mines' identified and inferred reserves were expected to allow it to continue working for at least ten years. The New Roskear shaft took over from the Robinson
429:
In
February 1991 the DTI stopped support of capital projects. The company substantially reduced labour costs which coupled with a small rise in the tin price allowed the mine to continue operating at a small loss. The losses were funded through the sale of surplus land and redundant assets. The mine
509:
of some 34 former mines, and
Celeste Copper Corporation estimated that there were about 7.95 million tonnes of tin in the mine, valued at £1.5 billion ($ 2.4 billion). The company said it planned to start pumping out the shallower workings in the Dolcoath section in 2013 at a cost of £2.6 million.
316:
By 1822, copper ore was being raised at a new mine in the area, East Wheal Crofty, which by 1833 included
Penhellick Vean. Mining depths were now 80 metres (260 ft) or more, and throughout the 1830s a substantial investment was undertaken to improve the mine including a rail link; so much that
379:
In 1967, South Crofty Ltd became a wholly owned subsidiary of
Siamese Tin Syndicate Ltd and Siamese Tin's subsidiary, St Piran Ltd. This change of ownership was the start, in 1969, of a £1 million programme to increase ore hoisting capacity and to make substantial improvements to the mill. By 1975
324:
In 1899, further backing was obtained and South Crofty gradually reopened, and acquired the adjacent New Cooks
Kitchen mine. Improvements were made in the mine and the deepening of Robinsons Shaft commenced in 1903. The mine returned to profit and in 1906 a new era began, with the incorporation of
320:
The mine now faced one of its most far-reaching changes. In the 1860s, South Wheal Crofty was still almost entirely a copper mine but by 1873, after a substantial investment in new dressing machinery, the mine was - financially at least - dependent upon tin. Copper remained significant until 1880,
447:
In March 2001, a new locally formed company named
Baseresult Holdings Ltd. bought the mine with the stated aim of re-opening it. In the same year the company started refurbishment of the New Cooks Kitchen section of the mine. By 2003 an underground refurbishment of the Tuckingmill Decline and Old
352:
By 1908, the Robinsons Shaft had been sunk to the 205-fathom (1,230 ft; 375 m) level and work had begun on a second new shaft at New Cooks Kitchen. Increasing use was made of rock drills and, by 1910, the mine operated profitably hoisting 60,000 tons of ore annually. By 1914, the works
294:
mine. For several centuries its shallow workings exploited copper rather than the deeper tin mineralisation. References implying mining, rather than streaming, occur in the area as early as 1592, and clearly by the mid-17th century mining was well established. During this period part of the mine
479:
In November 2007, a new company named Western United Mines Limited was formed to own and operate the mine. The previous owner of the mine, Baseresult Holdings Ltd. was the majority shareholder of the new company alongside Casserite LP, an investment vehicle acting for Galena Asset Management, a
425:
Carnon became privately owned in June 1988 when the business and assets of the group were purchased from RTZ through a management buy-out. A trust was established for the benefit of the employees who received twenty per cent of the equity. Carnon Holdings Limited, was incorporated at this time.
459:
Local support for the mine was mixed, although nearly 2,000 people attended an Open Day in support of the mine on 8 July 2006. However others, including local councillor and former miner Mark Kaczmarek, believed that it was time to redevelop the site. A local regeneration company,
464:, set up in 2001, actively opposed the reopening of the mine. CPR wished to develop the South Crofty site, initially for a leisure centre, but latterly for a housing and business park. In 2003, 2006, and 2007 CPR threatened Baseresult with a Compulsory Purchase Order of the site.
540:
fully permitted to work towards a production decision. By early 2018 the funding was in place for the construction of a water treatment plant with work commencing that spring. Test drilling commenced in June 2020, and the next month Strongbow was renamed as Cornish Metals Inc.
3813:
498:
The price of tin increased from below $ 4,000/tonne in 2002 to over $ 17,000/tonne in March 2010, and the economic viability of the South Crofty mine, with identified and inferred reserves of about 50,000 tonnes of tin (in 1994) had improved considerably.
394:. Carnon rationalised the operations, involving closure of the Pendarves mine which had supplied ore to the South Crofty mill. With a diminishing ore supply, this mill was progressively shut and by 1988 all South Crofty ore was trucked for processing at
448:
Engine shaft was under way, and later that year access was mined into New Cooks Kitchen Deep Adit level from the Tuckingmill Decline. The refurbishment of the New Cooks Kitchen section was completed in October 2003 and opened to the public for tours.
303:
was begun. Over the next twenty years these shallow workings (less than 40 metres or 130 feet deep) produced copper of great value and made the fortune of the Bassett family. Following the opening of the numerous copper mines on
514:
called for a halt on work to reopen the mine until "an assessment had been made of the project's impact" because it said it had not been consulted before planning consent was granted in 2011. South Crofty is located within the
438:
However, after several more years of depressed tin prices, South Crofty Ltd announced in August 1997 that closure was imminent, and after further attempts at the time to keep the mine open, closure was completed by March 1998.
417:
As well as a reduction in manpower, the mines were rationalised and a programme of modernisation, started by RTZ before the price crash, was stepped up. This was made possible by the co-operation and financial support of the
387:. These holdings were vested in a new holding company, Wheal Crofty Holdings Ltd, with the same balance of ownership. Then in 1984 RTZ acquired Charter's 60% interest and South Crofty became part of Carnon Consolidated Ltd.
360:
in 1936. Ore production, which had not exceeded 75,000 tons a year since 1906, was increased to 92,000 tons in 1959 following improvements in both mine and mill. Production exceeded 100,000 tons in 1968 for the first time.
3221:
3810:
375:
was also produced at the mine, the former accounting for around 50 tons to 150 tons between 1907 and 1956, and the latter between 500 tons and 1000 tons between 1907 and 1919, declining to 100 tons by 1956.
532:
In March 2016 it was revealed that the Canadian company Strongbow Exploration had acquired, from administration, a 100% interest in the South Crofty Tin Project and associated mineral rights in Cornwall.
455:
processing plant was purchased, and although some of this was outdated, it was planned that some elements would be refurbished at South Crofty to be used in the new mill adjacent to the decline entrance.
356:
For the next 70 years South Crofty continued to modernise and expand. As nearby mines closed, they were acquired by South Crofty to supplement its ore reserves at depth. The major purchase was of
476:, and published plans for a multimillion-pound development of 150 acres (0.61 km) including the South Crofty site. However, by March 2012, CPR Regeneration had ceased operational activity.
451:
In 2004, mining commenced at the 10-fathom (60 ft; 18 m) level drilling a crosscut north from the Tuckingmill Decline to New Cooks Kitchen Shaft. In 2006, equipment from the dormant
3677:
422:(DTI) in the form of loans for the capital improvement. The majority of this capital was put into the South Crofty mine. In addition, RTZ also provided a loan to fund the operating losses.
3599:
266:, England. An ancient mine, it has seen production for over 400 years, and extends almost two and a half miles across and 3,000 feet (910 m) down and has mined over 40
502:
In May 2011, a Canadian company, Celeste Copper Corporation, entered into an earn-in agreement to acquire up to a 100% interest of the property and assets of the mine.
3630:
48:
3847:
367:
production was steady at between 500 and 800 tons a year from 1907 to 1956, excluding a break in production during the tin price slump of the early 1920s.
419:
3607:
3486:
536:
In April 2017 Strongbow announced that it has filed an NI 43-101 Technical Report and Preliminary Economic Assessment for the South Crofty mine.
380:
the mill was processing more than 200,000 tonnes of ore (including some from Pendarves mine) to yield around 1,500 tonnes of tin concentrate.
158:
491:
District Council for the area around the surface workings. Crofty Developments Ltd., a partner of Western United Mines appealed to the
35:
516:
383:
In mid-1982, the company was acquired from St Piran by Charter Consolidated, which subsequently disposed of 40% of its holdings to
295:
which today is known as South Crofty was then called Penhellick Vean. The first really significant developments came in 1710 when
3791:
3377:
401:
3725:"STRONGBOW ANNOUNCES CLOSING OF $ 7.17 MILLION NOTE FINANCING FROM, AND GRANT OF ROYALTY OPTION TO, OSISKO GOLD ROYALTIES"
96:
3222:"Strongbow's South Crofty Receives Water Discharge Permit British Tin Project Fully Permitted for Production Decision"
3192:
3842:
3724:
3246:
For information on the mines known as East, North and South Wheal Crofty in the 19th century, see T. A. Morrison,
3745:
3440:
333:
3837:
409:
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3149:
390:
In October 1985, the price of tin dropped dramatically on the world markets following the collapse of the
3697:
3650:
391:
487:
On 28 November 2007, the owners of the mine successfully challenged the regeneration plan developed by
473:
3289:
3154:
3416:
560:
40:
3709:
3662:
3822:
492:
308:, which occurred in the 1770-1780 period, most of the mines around South Crofty closed down.
3459:
in Calgary, Canada. In November 2012 the company changed its name to Celeste Mining Corp.:
3456:
467:
South Crofty cited the reason for delays in re-commencing mining as the repeated demand by
3577:
3533:
3403:
8:
529:
In October 2015 a local newspaper again raised the idea that the mine could be reopened.
520:
75:
3678:"Strongbow Files South Crofty Tin Project NI 43-101 Technical Report and PEA on SEDAR"
248:
3787:
3600:"Hopes high that tin mining could resume at South Crofty | Western Morning News"
548:
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468:
461:
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3555:
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384:
296:
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128:
341:
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357:
173:
160:
348:
mineralization, from Cook's Kitchen Mine, Carn Brea and Tincroft United Mine
345:
506:
495:
on the basis that it had not been involved in the consultation process.
3353:"CPR Regeneration: regenerating Camborne, Pool and Redruth in Cornwall"
3159:
452:
395:
368:
3437:
3169:
481:
431:
364:
3352:
526:
In June 2013 the South Crofty site was placed into administration.
305:
283:
263:
138:
3780:
Burt, Roger; Burnley, Ray; Gill, Michael; Neill, Alasdair (2014).
3631:"Strongbow to Acquire the South Crofty Tin Project, Cornwall, UK"
488:
372:
287:
26:
511:
255:
202:
505:
By 2012, the area covered by South Crofty extended over the
300:
267:
3722:
3248:
Cornwall's Central Mines. The Northern District, 1810-1895
291:
251:
198:
3811:
Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for South Crofty
3487:"Updated Dolcoath Resource Estimation South Crofty Mine"
3462:"Celeste Copper Announces Name Change to Celeste Mining"
3380:. South Crofty website. 2 November 2007. Archived from
551:
tournaments were held at South Crofty Mine for prizes.
353:
were down to 310 fathoms (1,860 ft; 570 m).
337:
Old and New Cook's Kitchen Shafts headgear, 2007 photo
3274:
The Metalliferous Mining Region of South-West England
3779:
3131:
299:obtained a lease of Penhellick Vean and a drainage
3404:Tin mine aims to re-open in 2009: BBC News website
3216:
3214:
3829:
3578:"South Crofty tin mine goes into administration"
3193:"Cornish Metals – new name for new mining hopes"
3187:
3185:
435:Shaft as the secondary access shaft of access.
3723:Strongbow Exploration Inc. (29 January 2018).
3211:
3629:Inc, Strongbow Exploration (17 March 2016).
3455:Celeste Copper Corporation is listed on the
3327:"Tensions over Cornish tin mine's reopening"
3250:(Penzance: Alison Hodge, 1980), pp. 256-284.
3182:
3848:Industrial archaeological sites in Cornwall
3783:Mining in Cornwall and Devon: Mines and Men
3746:"Strongbow starts drilling at South Crofty"
3676:Inc, Strongbow Exploration (3 April 2017).
3556:"Unesco calls for South Crofty mining halt"
3764:
565:Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom.
3492:. Celeste Copper Corporation. p. 17
3284:
3282:
517:Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape
480:subsidiary of commodity trading company
408:
405:Robinson's 80" engine, South Crofty Mine
400:
340:
332:
51:of all important aspects of the article.
16:Tin and copper mine in Cornwall, England
3175:
3830:
3770:The Cornish Telegraph, 22 August 1907.
3536:. BBC News – Cornwall. 24 October 2012
47:Please consider expanding the lead to
3534:"South Crofty tin valued at '£1.5bn'"
3370:
3324:
3279:
554:
3318:
543:
103:
20:
3675:
3628:
13:
3417:"Council faces £100,000 write-off"
14:
3859:
3804:
3434:London Metal Exchange Cash Price
3325:Crace, John (13 February 2008).
3228:(Press release). 23 October 2017
3134:
420:Department of Trade and Industry
102:
95:
74:
25:
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3409:
3397:
519:which had been designated as a
442:
328:
311:
258:mine located in the village of
39:may be too short to adequately
3786:. University of Exeter Press.
3514:. Western United Mines Limited
3378:"NEW MINING COMPANY IS FORMED"
3345:
3292:USGS Tin Mineral Yearbook 1994
3266:
3253:
3240:
413:Robinson's Shaft, South Crofty
49:provide an accessible overview
1:
430:produced about 1,900 tons of
3604:www.westernmorningnews.co.uk
3150:Mining in Cornwall and Devon
7:
3558:. BBC News. 5 November 2012
3127:
570:Tin Production (1855-1996)
510:However, in November 2012,
392:International Tin Agreement
10:
3864:
3261:The Mines of West Cornwall
273:
3816:30 September 2007 at the
474:Compulsory Purchase Order
234:
229:
221:
213:
208:
194:
189:
152:
144:
134:
124:
90:
85:
73:
3843:Copper mines in Cornwall
3580:. BBC News. 26 June 2013
3155:Camborne School of Mines
3438:LME Price graph for tin
1875:Employment (1878-1996)
80:New Cooks Kitchen Shaft
3406:. Retrieved 2007-11-02
414:
406:
349:
338:
325:South Crofty Limited.
278:South Crofty Mine, at
3838:Tin mines in Cornwall
3357:Cprregeneration.co.uk
3259:Barton, D. B. (1963)
412:
404:
344:
336:
3457:TSX Venture Exchange
3272:Dines, H. G. (1956)
3176:Notes and references
385:Rio Tinto Zinc (RTZ)
116:Location in Cornwall
3823:Cornish Mine Images
3512:"South Crofty Mine"
3423:. 28 November 2007.
1876:
571:
523:by UNESCO in 2006.
521:World Heritage Site
170: /
70:
3708:has generic name (
3698:cite press release
3661:has generic name (
3651:cite press release
3467:. 29 November 2012
3443:2007-08-13 at the
1874:
569:
555:Mineral Statistics
472:be applying for a
415:
407:
350:
339:
238:Cornish Metals Inc
174:50.2227°N 5.2746°W
68:
3793:978-0-85989-889-8
3682:GlobeNewswire.com
3635:GlobeNewswire.com
3610:on 8 October 2015
3313:Reserve statement
3301:Minerals.usgs.gov
3226:Globenewswire.com
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549:Cornish wrestling
544:Cornish Wrestling
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469:Cornwall Council
462:CPR Regeneration
290:, is an ancient
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3818:Wayback Machine
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3165:Geevor Tin Mine
3142:Cornwall portal
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3752:. 23 June 2020
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3732:Cornish Metals
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3199:. 10 July 2020
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2587:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
989:
986:
983:
979:
978:
975:
972:
968:
967:
964:
961:
957:
956:
953:
950:
946:
945:
942:
939:
935:
934:
931:
928:
924:
923:
920:
917:
913:
912:
909:
906:
902:
901:
898:
895:
891:
890:
887:
884:
880:
879:
876:
873:
869:
868:
865:
862:
858:
857:
854:
851:
847:
846:
843:
840:
836:
835:
832:
829:
825:
824:
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
807:
803:
802:
799:
796:
792:
791:
788:
785:
781:
780:
777:
774:
770:
769:
766:
763:
759:
758:
755:
752:
748:
747:
744:
741:
737:
736:
733:
730:
726:
725:
722:
719:
715:
714:
711:
708:
704:
703:
700:
697:
693:
692:
689:
686:
682:
681:
678:
675:
671:
670:
667:
664:
660:
659:
656:
653:
649:
648:
645:
642:
638:
637:
634:
631:
627:
626:
623:
620:
616:
615:
612:
609:
605:
604:
601:
598:
594:
593:
590:
587:
583:
582:
579:
576:
556:
553:
545:
542:
444:
441:
330:
327:
313:
310:
275:
272:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:
206:
205:
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
154:
150:
149:
148:United Kingdom
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
115:
109:
108:
101:
100:
94:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
83:
82:
79:
64:
63:
43:the key points
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3860:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3795:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3767:
3751:
3750:Cornish Stuff
3747:
3741:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3711:
3699:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3664:
3652:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3579:
3573:
3557:
3551:
3535:
3529:
3513:
3507:
3488:
3482:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3405:
3400:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3302:
3295:
3293:
3285:
3283:
3275:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3249:
3243:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3198:
3197:Cornish Stuff
3194:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3132:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
991:
987:
984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
970:
969:
965:
962:
959:
958:
954:
951:
948:
947:
943:
940:
937:
936:
932:
929:
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914:
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907:
904:
903:
899:
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877:
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837:
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827:
826:
822:
819:
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815:
811:
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805:
804:
800:
797:
794:
793:
789:
786:
783:
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778:
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772:
771:
767:
764:
761:
760:
756:
753:
750:
749:
745:
742:
739:
738:
734:
731:
728:
727:
723:
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717:
716:
712:
709:
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690:
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679:
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665:
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661:
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650:
646:
643:
640:
639:
635:
632:
629:
628:
624:
621:
618:
617:
613:
610:
607:
606:
602:
599:
596:
595:
591:
588:
585:
584:
580:
578:Black (Tons)
577:
574:
573:
567:
566:
562:
552:
550:
541:
537:
534:
530:
527:
524:
522:
518:
513:
508:
503:
500:
496:
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490:
485:
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477:
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427:
423:
421:
411:
403:
399:
397:
393:
388:
386:
381:
377:
374:
370:
366:
362:
359:
358:Dolcoath mine
354:
347:
343:
335:
326:
322:
318:
309:
307:
302:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
249:metalliferous
246:
237:
233:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
204:
200:
197:
193:
188:
183:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
98:
89:
84:
77:
72:
60:
50:
44:
42:
37:
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
3782:
3775:
3766:
3754:. Retrieved
3749:
3740:
3731:
3718:
3686:. Retrieved
3681:
3671:
3639:. Retrieved
3634:
3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3608:the original
3603:
3594:
3582:. Retrieved
3572:
3560:. Retrieved
3550:
3538:. Retrieved
3528:
3516:. Retrieved
3506:
3494:. Retrieved
3481:
3469:. Retrieved
3451:
3433:
3429:
3420:
3411:
3399:
3386:. Retrieved
3382:the original
3372:
3360:. Retrieved
3356:
3347:
3335:. Retrieved
3331:The Guardian
3330:
3320:
3312:
3305:. Retrieved
3300:
3291:
3273:
3268:
3260:
3255:
3247:
3242:
3230:. Retrieved
3225:
3201:. Retrieved
3196:
1889:Underground
564:
558:
547:
538:
535:
531:
528:
525:
504:
501:
497:
486:
478:
466:
458:
450:
446:
443:21st century
437:
428:
424:
416:
389:
382:
378:
363:
355:
351:
346:Chalcopyrite
329:20th century
323:
319:
315:
312:19th century
277:
245:South Crofty
244:
243:
217:16th century
110:South Crofty
69:South Crofty
54:
38:
36:lead section
18:
3706:|last=
3659:|last=
3562:12 December
3540:12 December
3518:12 December
3496:12 December
3471:12 December
3394:(archived )
3388:12 December
3362:12 December
3337:12 December
3303:. p. 6
1886:Overground
1810:no-details
1777:no-details
1678:no-details
1667:no-details
1656:no-details
1645:no-details
1601:no-details
1590:no-details
1384:114,092.00
561:Robert Hunt
177: /
153:Coordinates
3832:Categories
3614:13 January
3203:8 November
3160:Wheal Jane
1675:1961-1969
1587:1937-1938
1406:77,724.00
1362:83,781.00
1340:63,325.00
1318:64,884.00
1296:53,045.00
1274:78,612.00
1252:81,562.00
1230:76,234.00
1208:56,619.00
1186:52,421.00
1164:33,554.00
1153:22,530.00
1142:14,606.00
1131:22,397.00
1120:20,272.00
1109:27,341.00
1098:21,831.00
1087:10,758.00
1032:10,001.00
1021:13,148.00
1010:13,313.00
999:11,107.00
790:14,188.80
581:Value (£)
493:High Court
453:Wheal Jane
396:Wheal Jane
369:Wolframite
190:Production
162:50°13′22″N
3688:14 August
3641:14 August
3307:14 August
3276:, 326 pp.
3170:Wheal Vor
1865:2,255.00
1854:2,304.00
1843:1,918.70
1832:2,235.50
1821:2,044.30
1799:1,817.00
1788:1,308.00
1766:1,536.00
1755:1,553.00
1744:2,200.00
1733:1,424.00
1711:1,571.00
1700:1,195.00
1689:1,110.00
1043:1,083.00
988:9,900.00
977:8,152.00
966:6,673.00
955:8,248.00
944:7,967.00
933:5,402.00
922:4,073.00
911:7,143.00
900:7,505.00
889:6,977.00
878:6,076.00
867:1,138.00
856:1,346.00
845:6,120.00
834:1,070.40
823:5,397.30
812:7,182.60
801:8,624.80
779:7,030.50
768:6,471.60
757:3,144.40
746:2,056.20
735:1,179.00
702:1,008.40
482:Trafigura
432:black tin
365:Black tin
165:5°16′29″W
57:July 2011
41:summarize
3814:Archived
3584:16 March
3441:Archived
3333:. London
3263:, 52 pp.
3232:18 April
3128:See also
1880:Year(s)
575:Year(s)
306:Anglesey
284:Camborne
282:between
264:Cornwall
195:Products
139:Cornwall
125:Location
86:Location
3756:19 July
1722:954.00
1634:711.00
1623:633.00
1612:728.00
1579:677.00
1568:673.00
1557:643.00
1546:645.00
1535:645.00
1524:113.00
1513:670.00
1502:795.00
1491:795.00
1480:808.00
1469:694.00
1458:746.00
1447:669.00
1436:406.00
1425:589.00
1414:546.00
1403:546.00
1392:581.00
1381:625.15
1370:610.00
1359:695.10
1348:607.00
1337:696.50
1326:628.00
1315:690.40
1304:644.00
1293:581.90
1282:633.00
1271:629.40
1260:628.00
1249:624.80
1238:677.00
1227:677.60
1216:630.00
1205:631.50
1194:696.00
1183:682.80
1172:432.00
1161:434.10
1150:228.50
1139:153.80
1128:291.40
1117:275.30
1106:348.60
1095:296.00
1084:158.40
1076:306.00
1065:142.00
1029:251.00
1018:307.00
1007:258.80
996:203.10
985:184.80
974:147.40
963:122.10
952:125.50
941:125.30
908:169.60
897:154.40
886:120.30
875:117.70
842:173.50
831:136.60
820:144.20
809:163.40
798:180.30
787:207.00
724:755.60
713:227.70
691:904.30
680:282.50
647:107.30
636:204.80
625:226.20
489:Kerrier
373:arsenic
288:Redruth
274:History
235:Company
209:History
145:Country
3790:
1883:Total
1054:72.00
1040:34.00
930:99.00
919:91.80
776:63.60
765:18.00
754:10.70
669:93.80
658:47.60
614:56.60
603:16.00
592:87.60
512:UNESCO
256:copper
222:Closed
214:Opened
203:copper
135:County
3728:(PDF)
3490:(PDF)
3465:(PDF)
3297:(PDF)
3112:1996
3098:1995
3084:1994
3070:1993
3056:1992
3042:1982
3028:1981
3014:1980
3000:1979
2986:1978
2972:1977
2958:1976
2944:1975
2930:1950
2916:1948
2902:1945
2888:1944
2874:1943
2860:1942
2846:1941
2832:1940
2818:1938
2804:1937
2790:1936
2776:1935
2762:1934
2748:1933
2734:1932
2720:1931
2706:1930
2692:1929
2678:1928
2664:1927
2650:1926
2636:1925
2622:1924
2608:1923
2594:1922
2580:1921
2566:1920
2552:1919
2538:1919
2524:1918
2510:1918
2496:1917
2482:1917
2468:1916
2454:1916
2440:1915
2426:1915
2412:1914
2398:1914
2384:1913
2370:1912
2356:1911
2342:1910
2328:1909
2314:1908
2300:1907
2286:1906
2272:1905
2258:1904
2244:1903
2230:1902
2216:1901
2202:1900
2188:1899
2174:1898
2160:1897
2146:1896
2132:1895
2118:1894
2104:1893
2090:1892
2076:1891
2062:1890
2048:1889
2034:1888
2020:1887
2006:1886
1992:1885
1978:1884
1964:1883
1950:1882
1936:1881
1922:1880
1908:1879
1894:1878
1862:1996
1851:1995
1840:1994
1829:1993
1818:1992
1807:1985
1796:1984
1785:1983
1774:1980
1763:1978
1752:1977
1741:1976
1730:1975
1719:1974
1708:1972
1697:1971
1686:1970
1664:1950
1653:1948
1642:1945
1631:1944
1620:1942
1609:1941
1598:1940
1576:1936
1565:1935
1554:1934
1543:1933
1532:1932
1521:1931
1510:1930
1499:1929
1488:1928
1477:1927
1466:1926
1455:1925
1444:1924
1433:1923
1422:1920
1411:1919
1400:1919
1389:1918
1378:1918
1367:1917
1356:1917
1345:1916
1334:1916
1323:1915
1312:1915
1301:1914
1290:1914
1279:1913
1268:1913
1257:1912
1246:1912
1235:1911
1224:1911
1213:1910
1202:1910
1191:1909
1180:1909
1169:1908
1158:1908
1147:1907
1136:1906
1125:1905
1114:1904
1103:1903
1092:1902
1081:1901
1073:4.20
1070:1900
1059:1899
1048:1898
1037:1896
1026:1895
1015:1894
1004:1893
993:1892
982:1891
971:1890
960:1889
949:1888
938:1887
927:1886
916:1885
905:1884
894:1883
883:1882
872:1881
861:1880
853:1.20
850:1879
839:1878
828:1877
817:1876
806:1875
795:1874
784:1873
773:1872
762:1871
751:1870
743:7.40
740:1869
732:4.80
729:1868
721:5.60
718:1867
710:1.00
707:1866
699:2.30
696:1865
688:1.30
685:1864
677:1.70
674:1863
666:1.90
663:1862
655:0.80
652:1861
644:1.70
641:1860
630:1859
622:4.10
619:1858
611:0.80
608:1857
600:0.30
597:1856
589:1.90
586:1855
559:From
507:setts
268:lodes
247:is a
230:Owner
3788:ISBN
3758:2020
3710:help
3690:2019
3663:help
3643:2019
3616:2022
3586:2014
3564:2012
3542:2012
3520:2012
3498:2012
3473:2012
3390:2012
3364:2012
3339:2012
3309:2019
3234:2018
3205:2022
3115:270
3101:324
3087:275
3073:244
3059:212
3045:590
3031:624
3017:608
3003:677
2989:677
2975:697
2961:677
2947:601
2939:122
2936:209
2933:331
2925:122
2922:209
2919:331
2911:182
2908:221
2905:403
2897:231
2894:207
2891:438
2883:229
2880:198
2877:427
2869:182
2866:189
2863:371
2855:149
2852:196
2849:345
2841:199
2838:193
2835:392
2827:239
2824:194
2821:433
2813:219
2810:191
2807:410
2799:209
2796:176
2793:385
2785:197
2782:172
2779:369
2771:174
2768:163
2765:337
2757:145
2754:151
2751:296
2743:131
2740:144
2737:275
2723:113
2715:170
2712:170
2709:340
2701:247
2698:207
2695:454
2687:249
2684:207
2681:456
2673:235
2670:207
2667:442
2659:227
2656:213
2653:440
2645:224
2642:222
2639:446
2631:222
2628:217
2625:439
2617:165
2614:171
2611:336
2600:105
2597:144
2583:109
2575:245
2572:226
2569:471
2561:256
2558:226
2555:482
2547:252
2544:230
2541:482
2533:249
2530:215
2527:464
2519:249
2516:215
2513:464
2505:293
2502:218
2499:511
2485:519
2477:298
2474:229
2471:527
2457:525
2449:321
2446:227
2443:548
2429:548
2421:353
2418:241
2415:594
2401:592
2393:375
2390:245
2387:620
2379:380
2376:242
2373:622
2365:376
2362:207
2359:583
2351:332
2348:221
2345:553
2337:327
2334:240
2331:567
2323:270
2320:240
2317:510
2309:254
2306:222
2303:476
2295:178
2292:144
2289:322
2281:172
2278:118
2275:290
2267:189
2264:123
2261:312
2253:163
2250:126
2247:289
2239:129
2233:226
2219:183
2135:156
2127:125
2121:200
2113:142
2107:223
2093:170
2079:145
2065:134
2051:127
2037:131
2023:142
2009:122
1995:101
1981:160
1967:163
1953:149
1939:122
1900:113
1897:202
371:and
301:adit
286:and
280:Pool
260:Pool
254:and
225:1998
129:Pool
3121:..
3118:..
3107:..
3104:..
3093:..
3090:..
3079:..
3076:..
3065:..
3062:..
3051:..
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3037:..
3034:..
3023:..
3020:..
3009:..
3006:..
2995:..
2992:..
2981:..
2978:..
2967:..
2964:..
2953:..
2950:..
2729:44
2726:69
2603:39
2589:45
2586:64
2491:..
2488:..
2463:..
2460:..
2435:..
2432:..
2407:..
2404:..
2236:97
2225:93
2222:90
2211:25
2208:48
2205:73
2183:..
2163:14
2149:13
2141:88
2138:68
2124:75
2110:81
2099:96
2096:74
2085:81
2082:64
2071:73
2068:61
2057:65
2054:62
2043:67
2040:64
2029:74
2026:68
2015:56
2012:66
2001:52
1998:49
1987:84
1984:76
1973:92
1970:71
1959:80
1956:69
1945:67
1942:55
1931:52
1928:45
1925:97
1917:42
1914:23
1911:65
1903:89
1857:..
1846:..
1835:..
1824:..
1813:..
1802:..
1791:..
1780:..
1769:..
1758:..
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1725:..
1714:..
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1692:..
1681:..
1670:..
1659:..
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1637:..
1626:..
1615:..
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1560:..
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1538:..
1527:..
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1461:..
1450:..
1439:..
1428:..
1417:..
1395:..
1373:..
1351:..
1329:..
1307:..
1285:..
1263:..
1241:..
1219:..
1197:..
1175:..
1062:..
1051:..
864:..
633:..
563:'s
292:tin
252:tin
199:Tin
3834::
3748:.
3730:.
3702::
3700:}}
3696:{{
3680:.
3655::
3653:}}
3649:{{
3633:.
3602:.
3436:,
3419:.
3355:.
3329:.
3311:.
3299:.
3281:^
3224:.
3213:^
3195:.
3184:^
2197:1
2194:4
2191:5
2180:3
2177:3
2169:7
2166:7
2155:7
2152:6
1868:.
398:.
262:,
201:,
3796:.
3760:.
3734:.
3712:)
3692:.
3665:)
3645:.
3618:.
3588:.
3566:.
3544:.
3522:.
3500:.
3475:.
3392:.
3366:.
3341:.
3294:"
3290:"
3236:.
3207:.
59:)
55:(
45:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
