South Carolina in the American Civil War

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into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due." The declaration goes on to state that this stipulation of the Constitution was so important to the original signers, "that without it that compact would not have been made." Laws from the "General Government" upheld this stipulation "for many years," the declaration says, but "an increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the Institution of Slavery has led to a disregard of their obligations." Because the constitutional agreement had been "deliberately broken and disregarded by the non-slaveholding States," the consequence was that "South Carolina is released from her obligation" to be part of the Union.

1739:"I believe," said I, "there is but one State as proud as Virginia, and that is the fiery little State of South Carolina." "I have less respect for South Carolina," said he, "than for any other State in the Union. South Carolina troops were the worst troops in the Confederate army. It was South Carolina's self-conceit and bluster that caused the war." (So, State pride in another State than Virginia was only self-conceit.) "Yes," said I, "South Carolina began the war; but Virginia carried it on. If Virginia had thrown the weight of her very great power in the Union against secession, resort to arms would never have been necessary. She held a position which she has forfeited forever, because she was not true to it. By seceding she lost wealth, influence, slavery, and the blood of her bravest sons; and what has she gained?" 79: 875:] upon the single idea that the African is equal to the Anglo-Saxon, and with the purpose of placing our slaves on equality with ourselves and our friends of every condition! and if we of South Carolina have aided in your deliverance from tyranny and degradation, as you suppose, it will only the more assure us that we have performed our duty to ourselves and our sisters in taking the first decided step to preserve an inheritance left us by an ancestry whose spirit would forbid its being tarnished by assassins. We, of South Carolina, hope soon to great you in a Southern Confederacy, where white men shall rule our destinies, and from which we may transmit to our posterity the rights, privileges and honor left us by our ancestors. 1199: 1328: 1310:(1839 – 1915) was born into slavery in Beaufort, South Carolina. On May 13, 1863, he freed himself, his crew, and their families by commandeering a Confederate transport ship, CSS Planter, in Charleston harbor, and sailing it from Confederate-controlled waters of the harbor to the U.S. blockade that surrounded it. He then piloted the ship to the Union-controlled enclave in Beaufort–Port Royal–Hilton Head area, where it became a Union warship. His example and persuasion helped convince President Abraham Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army. After the war Smalls helped found the Republican Party in South Carolina and was elected five times to the U.S. Congress. 1567: 1450: 55: 66: 411: 1087:

let black men vote and tolerated abolitionist societies. According to South Carolina, states should not have the right to let their citizens assemble and speak freely when what they said threatened slavery. Other seceding states echoed South Carolina. "Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery — the greatest material interest of the world," proclaimed Mississippi in its own secession declaration, passed Jan. 9, 1861. "Its labor supplies the product which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of the commerce of the earth.

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denied the rights of property established in fifteen of the States and recognized by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful the institution of Slavery; they have permitted the open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign the property of the citizens of other States. They have encouraged and assisted thousands of our slaves to leave their homes; and those who remain, have been incited by emissaries, books and pictures to servile insurrection.

1300: 365: 965:. Although the declaration does argue that secession is justified on the grounds of U.S. "encroachments upon the reserved rights of the States," the grievances that the declaration goes on to list are mainly concerned with the property of rights of slave holders. Broadly speaking, the declaration argues that the U.S. Constitution was framed to establish each State "as an equal" in the Union, with "separate control over its own institutions", such as "the right of property in slaves." 1779: 266: 6611: 5977: 3296: 5987: 1415: 1514:

Carolinas resulted in the burning of Columbia and numerous other towns. The destruction his troops wrought upon South Carolina was even worse than in Georgia, because many of his soldiers bore a particular grudge against the state and its citizens, whom they blamed for starting the war. One of Sherman's men declared, "Here is where treason began and, by God, here is where it shall end!" Deprived of the free labor of the formerly enslaved,

1216: 3306: 784:, stated that declaring secession would be necessary if a Republican candidate were to win the 1860 U.S. presidential election, stating that it was the only way for the state to preserve slavery and diminish the influence of the anti-slavery Republican Party, which, were its goals of abolition realized, would result in the "destruction of the South": 1928:"Resolution to Call the Election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President a Hostile Act and to Communicate to Other Southern States South Carolina's Desire to Secede from the Union." 9 November 1860. Resolutions of the General Assembly, 1779–1879. S165018. South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, South Carolina. 1513:

in Savannah, marched to Columbia and leveled most of the town, as well as a number of towns along the way and afterward. South Carolina lost 12,922 men to the war, 23% of its male white population of fighting age, and the highest percentage of any state in the nation. Sherman's 1865 march through the

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reprinted stories from New York papers that told of a naval expedition that had been sent southward toward Charleston. Lincoln advised the governor of South Carolina that the ships were sent to resupply the fort, not to reinforce it. The Carolinians could no longer wait if they hoped to take the fort

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South Carolina was further upset that New York no longer allowed "slavery transit." In the past, if Charleston gentry wanted to spend August in the Hamptons, they could bring their cook along. No longer — and South Carolina's delegates were outraged. In addition, they objected that New England states

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South Carolina cites, loosely, but with substantial accuracy, some of the language of the original Declaration. That Declaration does say that it is the right of the people to abolish any form of government that becomes destructive of the ends for which it was established. But South Carolina does not

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Mississippi declared its secession several weeks after South Carolina, and five other states of the lower South soon followed. Both the outgoing Buchanan administration and President-elect Lincoln had denied that any state had a right to secede. Upper Southern slave states such as Virginia and North

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We prefer, however, our system of industry, by which labor and capital are identified in interest, and capital, therefore, protects labor–by which our population doubles every twenty years–by which starvation is unknown, and abundance crowns the land–by which order is preserved by unpaid police, and

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demonstrated their ability to work the land efficiently and live independently of white control. They assigned themselves daily tasks for cotton growing and spent their extra time cultivating their own crops, fishing and hunting. By selling their surplus crops, the locals acquired small amounts of

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The Union besieged the fort after the unsuccessful assault. By August 25, Union entrenchments were close enough to attempt an assault on the Advanced Rifle Pits, 240 yards in front of the Battery, but this attempt was defeated. A second attempt, by the 24th Mass. Inf., on August 26 was successful.

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We affirm that these ends for which this Government was instituted have been defeated, and the Government itself has been made destructive of them by the action of the non-slaveholding States. Those States have assumed the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have

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on December 17 and voted unanimously, 169–0, to declare secession from the United States. The convention then adjourned to Charleston to draft an ordinance of secession. When the ordinance was adopted on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it

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If the Republican party with its platform of principles, the main feature of which is the abolition of slavery and, therefore, the destruction of the South, carries the country at the next Presidential election, shall we remain in the Union, or form a separate Confederacy? This is the great, grave

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famously remarked, "South Carolina is too small for a republic and too large for an insane asylum." Soon afterwards, South Carolina began preparing for a presumed U.S. military response while working to convince other southern states to secede as well and join in a confederacy of southern states.

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A repeated concern is runaway slaves. The declaration argues that parts of the U.S. Constitution were specifically written to ensure the return of slaves who had escaped to other states, and quotes the 4th Article: "No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping

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in Charleston Harbor. South Carolina militia swarmed over the abandoned mainland batteries and trained their guns on the island. Sumter was the key position for preventing a naval attack upon Charleston, so secessionists were determined not to allow U.S. forces to remain there indefinitely. More

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In no sense could it have been said that the slaves in South Carolina were governed by powers derived from their consent. Nor could it be said that South Carolina was separating itself from the government of the Union because that government had become destructive of the ends for which it was

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A geographical line has been drawn across the Union, and all the States north of that line have united in the election of a man to the high office of President of the United States whose opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery. He is to be entrusted with the administration of the Common

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The parties in the conflict are not merely abolitionists and slaveholders. They are atheists, socialists, communists, red republicans, Jacobins on the one side, and friends of order and regulated freedom on the other. In one word, the world is the battleground – Christianity and Atheism the

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the most fertile regions of the world, where the white man cannot labor, are brought into usefulness by the labor of the African, and the whole world is blessed by our own productions. ... We ask you to join us, in forming a Confederacy of Slaveholding States.

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Presented in a Letter addressed to the Hon. Mr. Perkins of Louisiana, in criticism on the Provisional Constitution adopted by the Southern Congress at Montgomery, Alabama, BY THE HON. L. W. SPRATT, Editor of the Charleston Mercury, 13th February,

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Jaffa states that South Carolina omitted references to human equality and consent of the governed in its secession declaration, as due to their racist and pro-slavery views, secessionist South Carolinians did not believe in those ideals:

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barreled into Charleston and proclaimed that the only way to get his state to join the Confederacy was for South Carolina to instigate war with the United States. The obvious place to start was right in the midst of Charleston Harbor.

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I have never doubted what Virginia would do when the alternatives present themselves to her intelligent and gallant people, to choose between an association with her sisters and the dominion of a people, who have chosen their leader

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Smith, Steven D. "Whom we would never more see: history and archaeology recover the lives and deaths of African American Civil War soldiers on Folly Island, South Carolina." (South Carolina State Documents Depository, 1993).

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The anti-slavery party contends that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a confederate Republic of sovereign

1391:. The white residents fled, leaving behind 10,000 black slaves. Several private Northern charity organizations stepped in to set up schools and help the former slaves become self-sufficient. The result was a model of what 1504:

Despite South Carolina's important role in the beginning of the war, and a long unsuccessful attempt to take Charleston from 1863 onward, few military engagements occurred within the state's borders until 1865, when

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is usually credited with firing the first shot. Thirty-four hours later, Anderson's men raised the white flag and were allowed to leave the fort with colors flying and drums beating, saluting the U.S. flag with a

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wrote to a group of civic leaders in Richmond, Virginia, regarding the reasons as to why South Carolina was contemplating secession from the United States. In the letter, McQueen claimed that U.S. president-elect

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Government, because he has declared that that "Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free," and that the public mind must rest in the belief that Slavery is in the course of ultimate extinction.

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On November 10, 1860, the S.C. General Assembly called for a "Convention of the People of South Carolina" to consider secession. Delegates were to be elected on December 6. The secession convention convened in

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region of the state would serve as a haven for Confederate Army deserters and resisters, as they used the Upstate topography and traditional community relations to resist service in the Confederate ranks.

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from July 1776. However, the South Carolinian version omitted the phrases that "all men are created equal", "that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights", and mentions of the

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overnments are legitimate only insofar as their "just powers" are derived "from the consent of the governed." All of the foregoing is omitted from South Carolina's declaration, for obvious reasons.

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also espoused a similar view to McQueen's, stating that slavery was justified under the Christian religion, and thus, those who viewed slavery as being immoral were opposed to Christianity:

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to abolish slavery and grant citizenship to former slaves, South Carolina's representatives were readmitted to Congress. The state was fully restored to the United States on July 9, 1868.

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The Confederates were at a disadvantage in men, weaponry, and supplies. Union ships sailed south and blocked off one port after another. As early as November, Union troops occupied the

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Although a tactical defeat, the publicity of the battle of Fort Wagner led to further action for black troops in the Civil War, and it spurred additional recruitment that gave the

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long discussed in abolitionist literature, the abandoned plantations were confiscated by the Union Army and then given to the African Americans who had done the work of them. The

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The city under siege took control of Fort Sumter, became the center for blockade running. It was the site of the first successful submarine warfare on February 17, 1864, when the

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supported equality and civil rights for African Americans as well as the abolition of slavery, and thus South Carolina, being opposed to such measures, was compelled to secede:

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In 1865, Union troops moved into the city, and took control of many sites, such as the United States Arsenal, which the Confederate army had seized at the outbreak of the war.

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which was adopted on December 24. The secession declaration stated the primary reasoning behind South Carolina's declaring of secession from the U.S., which was described as:

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Verney, Kevern J. "Trespassers in the land of their birth: Blacks and landownership in South Carolina and Mississippi during the civil war and reconstruction, 1861–1877."

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The anti-slavery party contends that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right...

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After enduring almost 60 days of heavy shelling, the Confederates abandoned it on the night of September 6–7, 1863. withdrawing all operable cannons and the garrison.

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before taking it down. During this salute, one of the guns exploded, killing a young soldier—the only casualty of the bombardment and the first casualty of the war.

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and other military schools. In contrast to most other Confederate states, South Carolina had a well-developed rail network linking all of its major cities without a

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Lager, Eric, "The Transformation of a Confederate State: War and Politics on the South Carolina Home Front, 1861-1862. " (PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019)

1981: 1082:"Slavery, not states' rights, birthed the Civil War," argues sociologist James W. Loewen. Writing of South Carolina's Declaration of Secession, Loewen writes that 5464: 2132: 4919: 4914: 1046:. That difference can be summed up in the difference between holding slavery to be an evil, if possibly a necessary evil, and holding it to be a positive good. 1175:

South Carolina's declaring of secession was supported by the state's religious figures, who claimed that it was consistent with the tenets of their religion:

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On December 25, the day following South Carolina's declaration of secession, a South Carolinian convention delivered an "Address to the Slaveholding States":

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Lees, William B. " 'The Best Ever Occupied...': Archaeological Investigations of a Civil War Encampment on Folly Island, South Carolina." (1995): 104–106.

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Smith, Steven D., Christopher Ohm Clement, and Stephen R. Wise. "GPS, GIS and the Civil War battlefield landscape: A South Carolina low country example."

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newspaper condemned suggestions that the Confederacy abandon slavery were it to help in gaining independence, stating that such suggestions were "folly":

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The triumphs of Christianity rest this very hour upon slavery; and slavery depends on the triumphs of the South... This war is the servant of slavery.

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importantly, South Carolina's claim of independence would look empty if U.S. forces controlled its largest harbor. On January 9, 1861, the U.S. ship

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A further concern was Lincoln's recent election to the presidency, whom they claimed desired to see slavery on "the course of ultimate extinction":

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as its banner, a slightly modified version of which is used as its current state flag. South Carolina after secession was frequently called the "

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The white population of the state had strongly supported the institution of slavery since the 18th century. Political leaders such as Democrats

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Black History Month: New Details Uncovered Regarding the Formerly Enslaved Black Men Who Enlisted with the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry

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as president, Republicans would meet certain demands. One affecting South Carolina was the removal of all U.S. military forces from the former

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met to form a new constitution and government modeled on that of the United States. On February 8, 1861, South Carolina officially joined the

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A Black woman's Civil War memoirs: reminiscences of my life in camp with the 33rd U.S. Colored Troops, late 1st South Carolina Volunteers

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Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005. Originally published: Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1950.

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Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005. Originally published: Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1950.

2108:"'Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union,' 24 December 1860" 2024:

Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005. Originally published: Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1950.

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on April 12, 1861, is generally recognized as the first military engagement of the war. The retaking of Charleston in February 1865, and

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established. South Carolina in 1860 had an entirely different idea of what the ends of government ought to be from that of 1776 or 1787

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and nearby ruined buildings in Charleston, with a shell-damaged carriage and the remains of a brick chimney in the foreground (1865)

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repeat the preceding language in the earlier document: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal"...

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Carolina, which had initially voted against secession, called a peace conference, to little effect. Meanwhile, Virginian orator

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Anti-slavery is essentially infidel. It wars upon the Bible, on the Church of Christ, on the truth of God, on the souls of men.

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Later that year, in December, Keitt would state that South Carolina's declaring of secession was the direct result of slavery:

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issue. It is not who shall be President, it is not which party shall rule – it is a question of political and social existence.

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Sinha, Manisha. "Revolution or Counterrevolution?: The Political Ideology of Seccession in Antebellum South Carolina."

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had inflamed regional and national passions in support of the institution, and many pro-slavery voices had cried for

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States at War, Volume 6: The Confederate States Chronology and a Reference Guide for South Carolina in the Civil War

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Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union

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The declaration also claims that secession was declared as a result of the refusal of free states to enforce the

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The Boys of Diamond Hill: The Lives and Civil War Letters of the Boyd Family of Abbeville County, South Carolina

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was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, and was one of the founding member states of the

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West, Stephen A. “Minute Men, Yeomen, and the Mobilization for Secession in the South Carolina Upcountry.”

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area, establishing an important base for the men and ships who would obstruct the ports at Charleston and

6488: 6426: 5980: 5728: 5479: 5316: 5306: 5301: 5259: 4683: 3982: 3433: 3343: 3212: 3155: 3130: 3104: 2489:"Full Organization Authority Record: War Department. Second Military District. (03/11/1867 - 07/28/1868)" 1819:," in "47th Pennsylvania Volunteers: One Civil War Regiment's Story," retrieved online February 27, 2021. 1637: 1611: 1591: 1543: 1320: 1228: 1198: 6408: 6267: 1566: 6464: 5871: 5459: 5286: 5169: 5147: 5076: 4991: 4052: 3853: 3731: 3713: 3094: 2184:"Address of the people of South Carolina to the people of the Slaveholding States of the United States" 1697: 1458: 1345: 807:) for its views against slavery. He claimed that slavery was not morally wrong, but rather, justified: 658:

Relatively free from Union occupation until the very end of the war, South Carolina hosted a number of

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Andrew Billingsley, Yearning to Breathe Free: Robert Smalls of South Carolina and His Families (2007).

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Rebellion, Reconstruction, and Redemption, 1861–1893: The History of Beaufort County, South Carolina

2342: 946:...increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the Institution of Slavery ... 6377: 6365: 6359: 5866: 5750: 5675: 5650: 5645: 5609: 5529: 5227: 5212: 4793: 4077: 4042: 3977: 3918: 3913: 3643: 3232: 3217: 3099: 2924:

Yes, Lord, I Know the Road: A Documentary History of African Americans in South Carolina, 1526-2008

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The South Carolinian secession declaration of December 1860 also channeled some elements from the

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Woody, Robert H. "Some Aspects of the Economic Condition of South Carolina After the Civil War."

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Zornow, William Frank. "State Aid for Indigent Families of South Carolina Soldiers, 1861-1865."

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Vital Rails: The Charleston & Savannah Railroad and the Civil War in Coastal South Carolina

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On February 21, 1865, with the Confederate forces finally evacuated from Charleston, the black

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For decades, South Carolinian political leaders had promoted regional passions with threats of

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Otten, James T. "Disloyalty in the upper districts of South Carolina during the Civil War."

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Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina

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Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina

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Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina

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A Southern Writer and the Civil War: The Confederate Imagination of William Gilmore Simms

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South Carolina civilians in Sherman's path: stories of courage amid Civil War destruction

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To talk of maintaining our independence while we abolish slavery is simply to talk folly.

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The Civil War in South Carolina: Selections from the South Carolina Historical Magazine

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Living a Big War in a Small Place: Spartanburg, South Carolina, during the Confederacy

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led the 54th Massachusetts on foot while they charged, and was killed in the assault.

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The states with the largest proportions of slaves and slave-holders seceded earliest.

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a Hostile Act" and stated its intention to declare secession from the United States.

833: 816: 800: 777: 767: 695: 663: 622: 157: 1352:, one of the first major American military units made up of black soldiers. Colonel 6482: 6452: 6420: 6347: 6329: 4854: 4723: 4693: 4688: 4621: 4560: 4555: 4510: 4012: 4002: 3908: 3888: 3883: 3633: 3623: 3583: 2426: 1396: 1238: 1122: 710: 679: 662:

camps. South Carolina also was the only Confederate state not to harbor pockets of

556: 2907:

South Carolina in the Civil War: The Confederate Experience in Letters and Diaries

2745:

The Work of Reconstruction: From Slave to Wage Laborer in South Carolina 1860-1870

2683:

Marrs, Aaron W. "Desertion and Loyalty in the South Carolina Infantry 1861-1863."

1379:

was a program in which former slaves successfully worked on the land abandoned by

803:, summed up this view in an oratory condemning the "anti-slavery party" (i.e. the 6402: 6383: 6317: 6303: 6237: 6042: 5928: 5217: 5066: 4959: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4819: 4788: 4698: 4641: 4631: 4590: 3618: 3588: 3408: 3227: 2755:

A Hard Fight for We: Women’s Transition from Slavery to Freedom in South Carolina

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In December 1860, amid the secession crisis, former South Carolinian congressman

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Address of the people of South Carolina to the people of the Slaveholding States

639:. As the war progressed, former slaves and free blacks of South Carolina joined 4996: 4944: 4783: 4748: 4708: 4600: 4580: 4575: 4530: 3809: 3650: 3638: 1892:. Taken from a photocopy of the Congressional Globe, supplied by Steve Miller. 1723: 1051: 1024: 1007: 930: 752: 714: 652: 632: 355: 2678:

Performing disunion: the coming of the Civil War in Charleston, South Carolina

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Taylor, Frances Wallace, Catherine Taylor Matthews, and J. Tracy Power, eds.

2934:

A City Laid Waste: The Capture, Sack, and Destruction of the City of Columbia

2561: 1555: 1551: 1307: 1281: 1276: 1111: 1250:, striking the ship three times and causing it to retreat back to New York. 6285: 5733: 5710: 5700: 5695: 5232: 5174: 5086: 5061: 4974: 4954: 4753: 4651: 2618: 2227: 880: 858: 2961:

The Leverett Letters: Correspondence of a South Carolina Family, 1851-1868

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Yearning to Breathe Free: Robert Smalls of South Carolina and His Families

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Reunion and Reaction: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction

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Wooster, Ralph. “Membership of the South Carolina Secession Convention.”

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South Carolina’s Military Organization during the War Between the States.

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Confederate Phoenix: Rebel Children and Their Families in South Carolina

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sentiment strong enough to send regiments of white men to fight for the

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A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War

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A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War

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A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War

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A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War

667: 644: 883:, Correspondence to T.T. Cropper and J.R. Crenshaw (December 24, 1860) 617:

in February 1861. The bombardment of the beleaguered U.S. garrison at

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Among the leading Confederate Army generals from South Carolina were

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The Union is Dissolved!: Charleston and Fort Sumter in the Civil War

2304:. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1963, 60. 5157: 2654:

Seizing the New Day: African Americans in Post-Civil War Charleston

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Following the end of the Civil War, South Carolina was part of the

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North & South - The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society

1730:, but the Compromise completed their withdrawal from the region. 1727: 1515: 1206:

map of the Coast of South Carolina from Charleston to Hilton Head

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After South Carolina declared its secession, former congressman

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List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

1942:. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on March 25, 2015 1272: 2984:

National Park Service map of Civil War sites in South Carolina

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Civil War Canon: Sites of Confederate Memory in South Carolina

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arrived. About 6,000 men were stationed around the rim of the

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States Rights Gist: a South Carolina general of the Civil War

25:

of South Carolina between 1861 and 1865. For other uses, see

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Articles related to South Carolina in the American Civil War

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Wise, Stephen R., Lawrence S. Rowland, and Gerhard Spieler.

2625:, (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press: 1998). 1485:; those still at home and their families fled. In a type of 1227:

Six days after secession, on the day after Christmas, Major

1133:, a convention consisting of delegates from South Carolina, 909:

And again, the Southern Presbyterian of S.C. declared that:

670:, as every other state in the Confederacy did. However, the 3002:

List of C.S. states by date of admission to the Confederacy

2110:. Teaching American History in South Carolina Project. 2009 1223:

after the fort's capture from the U.S. by the Confederacy.

1091:

A blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization."

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A Photographic History of South Carolina in the Civil War

2234:, Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press:1998. 1890:

Congressman from South Carolina, in a speech to the House

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In December 1861, South Carolina received $ 100,000 from

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a further numerical advantage in troops over the South.

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The South is now in the formation of a Slave Republic...

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Our people have come to this on the question of slavery.

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Rehearsal for Reconstruction: The Port Royal Experiment

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The South: A Tour of Its Battlefields and Ruined Cities

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off the coast of South Carolina and their main harbor,

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noted these omissions as significant in his 2000 book,

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In a January 1860 speech, South Carolinian congressman

2514:. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. pp. 169–171. 2415:

Rehearsal for Reconstruction the Port Royal experiment

1157:. According to one South Carolinian newspaper editor: 6694:

Military history of the Confederate States of America

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Department of the Navy – Naval Historical Center

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became the laboratory for Union plans to educate the

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raising the flag (the same flag) again at Fort Sumter

2127: 2125: 1940:"Correspondence to T. T. Cropper and J. R. Crenshaw" 1760: 1548:

the U.S. flag was once again raised over Fort Sumter

2736:Rowland, Lawrence S., and Stephen G. Hoffius, eds. 2454:

This Mighty Scourge: Perspectives on the Civil War.

1244:

The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina

836:, South Carolina secession debates (December 1860). 2197: 2150: 2049:. 1860. Archived from the original on June 4, 2004 1793:List of South Carolina Confederate Civil War units 897:combatants; and the progress of humanity at stake. 2122: 1546:marched through the city. At a ceremony at which 6665: 5641:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 2102: 2100: 1707:, in which Southern Democrats would acknowledge 1453:The local Black population was delighted to see 743:Movement to reopen the transatlantic slave trade 2702:South Carolina's Civil War: A Narrative History 2157:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 1910:. Charleston, South Carolina. December 22, 1860 739:Slavery as a positive good in the United States 5465:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 2316:"THE PHILOSOPHY OF SECESSION: A SOUTHERN VIEW" 2144: 2142: 1988:. Archived from the original on March 21, 2011 1518:would mark the state for generations to come. 1344:, a week later, is better known. This was the 1318:Fort Wagner was the scene of two battles. The 6221: 6017: 3351: 3039: 2182:State of South Carolina (December 25, 1860). 2097: 1242:approached to resupply the fort. Cadets from 936:A committee of the convention also drafted a 852:Election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President 591: 387: 2837: 2550:(University of North Carolina Press, 1956). 2536:Bibliography of American Civil War homefront 2343:"The Glory of God, the Defence of the South" 1798:List of South Carolina Union Civil War units 1718:. At the time, U.S. troops remained in only 1561: 1410:Charleston, South Carolina, in the Civil War 1168:The Philosophy of Secession: A Southern View 629:, was used for the Union symbol of victory. 2926:(University of South Carolina Press, 2017). 2600:Crisis of Fear: Secession in South Carolina 2139: 1975: 1973: 1971: 6228: 6214: 6024: 6010: 3358: 3344: 3046: 3032: 2867:Rogers Jr. George C. and C. James Taylor. 2580:Cauthen, Charles Edward; Power, J. Tracy. 2577:(University of South Carolina Press, 1970) 2481: 2251:Cauthen, Charles Edward; Power, J. Tracy. 2020:Cauthen, Charles Edward; Power, J. Tracy. 1186:The Glory of God, the Defence of the South 1088: 598: 584: 394: 380: 6699:Western Theater of the American Civil War 1982:"Why Non-Slaveholding Southerners Fought" 1497:for their eventual role as full American 6674:South Carolina in the American Civil War 3554:Treatment of slaves in the United States 3055:South Carolina in the American Civil War 2905:Lee, J. Edward, and Ron Chepesiuk, eds. 2509: 2340: 2209:"Five Myths About Why the South Seceded" 1968: 1696:, including ratifying amendments to the 1570:Map of Charleston and its defenses, 1863 1565: 1448: 1413: 1370: 1326: 1298: 1214: 1197: 705:saw some of the hardest fighting of the 5297:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 3469:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 2391: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2088:Dead Confederates: A Civil War Era Blog 1937: 1888:Keitt, Lawrence M. (January 25, 1860). 1674: 1291:after a disastrous fire in Charleston. 888:South Carolinian Presbyterian minister 770:and protection of the interests of the 6666: 5282:Modern display of the Confederate flag 3365: 2869:A South Carolina Chronology, 1497-1992 2582:South Carolina goes to war, 1860–1865. 2540:Bibliography of the Reconstruction era 2532:Bibliography of the American Civil War 2528:Bibliography of South Carolina history 2313: 2272: 2253:South Carolina goes to war, 1860–1865. 2206: 2022:South Carolina goes to war, 1860–1865. 1663:Battle of Gamble's Hotel (The Columns) 1509:'s Army, having already completed its 766:and secession in the name of southern 635:provided around 60,000 troops for the 6489:The Great Republic of Rough and Ready 6209: 6005: 5500: 4889: 4453: 3676: 3479:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 3377: 3339: 3326: 3027: 2963:(Univ of South Carolina Press, 2000) 2778:(Univ of South Carolina Press, 2008). 2757:(University of Illinois Press, 1997). 2722:(Univ of South Carolina Press, 2013). 2673:(Univ of South Carolina Press, 2021). 2548:Sherman’s March through the Carolinas 2148: 1887: 1350:54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry 1193: 819:, Speech to the House (January 1860). 780:, a South Carolinian politician from 713:, the senior lieutenant general; and 3305: 2417:(University of Georgia Press, 1999). 2366: 2081: 1979: 1862: 1348:attack on July 18, 1863, led by the 929:had seceded from the United States. 727:History of slavery in South Carolina 6257:Kingdoms and Provinces of New Spain 5636:Committee on the Conduct of the War 5312:United Daughters of the Confederacy 2680:(Cambridge University Press, 2018). 2671:Sherman and the Burning of Columbia 1938:McQueen, John (December 24, 1860). 1830:Civil War Battles of South Carolina 717:, the youngest lieutenant general. 130: • 402,406 (57.18%) slave 13: 6689:Military history of South Carolina 5706:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 5501: 5045:impeachment managers investigation 3424:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 3146:Second Battle of Charleston Harbor 2889: 2831:South Carolina Historical Magazine 2824:South Carolina Historical Magazine 2809:(U of South Carolina Press, 2015). 2692:South Carolina Historical Magazine 2575:The Siege of Charleston, 1861–1865 2521: 2314:Spratt, L.W. (February 13, 1861). 1692:After meeting the requirements of 1602:Second Battle of Charleston Harbor 1431:made a daring night attack on the 127: • 301,302 (42.82%) free 14: 6710: 5131:Reconstruction military districts 3579:Abolitionism in the United States 3534:Plantations in the American South 3449:Origins of the American Civil War 3126:First Battle of Charleston Harbor 2972: 2656:(Indiana University Press, 2003) 2273:Burger, Ken (February 13, 2010). 1980:Rhea, Gordon (January 25, 2011). 1847:The dark corner of South Carolina 1597:First Battle of Charleston Harbor 1383:. In 1861 the Union captured the 850:passed a "Resolution to Call the 6610: 6609: 6590:Provisional Government of Hawaii 6471:Provisional Government of Oregon 6390:Provisional Government of Mexico 6121: 5985: 5976: 5975: 5114:Enforcement Act of February 1871 5087:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 3304: 3295: 3294: 2814:North Carolina Historical Review 2704:(Mercer University Press, 2005) 2082:Hall, Andy (December 22, 2013). 1777: 1763: 1681:Reconstruction in South Carolina 1521:In January 1865, the Charleston 1294: 999:U.S. Declaration of Independence 409: 363: 264: 144:Confederate troops: 60,000 total 77: 64: 53: 5899:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 5761:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 5322:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 2764:(4 vols., History Press, 2008). 2647:The South Carolina Encyclopedia 2503: 2459: 2446: 2420: 2407: 2404:, Volume 10, Number 1, Page 30. 2357: 2334: 2307: 2294: 2266: 2245: 2221: 2175: 2075: 2035: 2014: 1444: 848:South Carolina General Assembly 27:South Carolina (disambiguation) 5002:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 2469:. Charleston. January 24, 1865 2043:"Results from the 1860 Census" 1931: 1922: 1900: 1881: 1856: 1853:. Retrieved February 20, 2023. 1839: 1822: 1809: 1313: 1219:Fort Sumter, 1861, flying the 1210: 1073:Convention of South Carolina, 1: 6501:Confederate States of America 5417:Ladies' Memorial Associations 5119:Enforcement Act of April 1871 5015:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 4890: 2456:Oxford University Press, 2009 2302:The Confederate Constitutions 1836:. Retrieved February 5, 2021. 1803: 1461:, in February 1865, singing " 1403: 918:Southern Presbyterian of S.C. 720: 83:Map of the Confederate States 6495:The Kingdom of Beaver Island 5550:Confederate revolving cannon 5292:Sons of Confederate Veterans 5163:South Carolina riots of 1876 5141:Indian Council at Fort Smith 5092:South Carolina riots of 1876 5057:Knights of the White Camelia 3549:Slavery in the United States 3238:Union forces occupy Columbia 3151:Second Battle of Fort Sumter 3141:Second Battle of Fort Wagner 3136:Battle of Grimball's Landing 2916:(U of Arkansas Press, 1994) 1845:Carey, Liz. (July 5, 2014). 1622:Second Battle of Fort Wagner 1617:Battle of Grimball's Landing 1607:Second Battle of Fort Sumter 1455:United States Colored Troops 1341:Second Battle of Fort Wagner 1334:charging towards Fort Wagner 841: 731:American proslavery movement 7: 6684:American Civil War by state 6196:Organized January 18, 1862. 6032:Political divisions of the 5904:New York City riots of 1863 5729:Battle Hymn of the Republic 5480:United Confederate Veterans 5317:Children of the Confederacy 5307:United Confederate Veterans 5302:Southern Historical Society 4454: 3934:Price's Missouri Expedition 3404:Timeline leading to the War 3378: 3131:First Battle of Fort Wagner 3110:Second Battle of Pocotaligo 2800:Journal of Southern History 2642:(Fordham Univ Press, 2008). 2385:September 30, 2007, at the 2345:. Yorkville, South Carolina 2275:"Too large to be an asylum" 2084:"Not Surprising, Part Deux" 1756: 1612:First Battle of Fort Wagner 1544:54th Massachusetts Regiment 1332:54th Massachusetts Regiment 1321:First Battle of Fort Wagner 1006:". Professor and historian 109:Admitted to the Confederacy 10: 6715: 6465:Republic of the Rio Grande 5872:Confederate Secret Service 5460:Grand Army of the Republic 5352:Grand Army of the Republic 5170:Southern Claims Commission 3233:Skirmish at Congaree Creek 3095:First Battle of Pocotaligo 2525: 2510:Woodward, C. Vann (1966). 2443:. Retrieved June 13, 2007. 2341:Wightman, John T. (1861). 2300:Lee, Jr., Charles Robert. 1678: 1653:Battle of Broxton's Bridge 1459:Charleston, South Carolina 1407: 1204:United States Coast Survey 724: 18:This article is about the 17: 6605: 6447:Republic of Indian Stream 6252: 6185: 6167: 6130: 6119: 6041: 5971: 5947: 5860:Confederate States dollar 5832: 5774: 5719: 5671:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 5666:Emancipation Proclamation 5628: 5560:Medal of Honor recipients 5517: 5513: 5496: 5448:Confederate Memorial Hall 5430: 5409: 5367: 5339: 5330: 5250:Confederate Memorial Hall 5223:Confederate History Month 5203:Civil War Discovery Trail 5183: 5104:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 4935: 4910:Reconstruction Amendments 4900: 4896: 4885: 4807: 4676: 4669: 4609: 4473: 4466: 4462: 4449: 4391: 4138: 4131: 3962: 3818: 3777: 3745: 3712: 3705: 3701: 3672: 3569: 3519:Emancipation Proclamation 3487: 3388: 3384: 3373: 3333: 3290: 3269: 3248: 3208:Campaign of the Carolinas 3200: 3167: 3118: 3087: 3061: 3012: 2999: 2991: 2838:Historiography and memory 2733:; farms for freed slaves. 2715:(1994), covers 1822–1885. 2623:South Carolina: A History 2570:(The History Press, 2009) 2431:, Confederate Submarine," 2399:The Battle of Tom's Brook 2232:South Carolina: A History 2067:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2047:1860 United States Census 2006:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1960:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1771:American Civil War portal 1733: 1643:Battle of Anderson County 1562:Battles in South Carolina 1303:Congressman Robert Smalls 846:On November 9, 1860, the 707:Army of Northern Virginia 346:Economy of South Carolina 229: 219: 203: 172: 151: 137: 117: 107: 97: 87: 49: 41: 36: 6409:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 6384:Second Republic of Texas 6378:Republic of the Floridas 6366:Republic of East Florida 6360:Republic of West Florida 6324:United States of America 6268:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 6244:within the contemporary 5934:U.S. Sanitary Commission 5845:Battlefield preservation 5751:Marching Through Georgia 5676:Hampton Roads Conference 5651:Confiscation Act of 1862 5646:Confiscation Act of 1861 5422:U.S. national cemeteries 5228:Confederate Memorial Day 5213:Civil War Trails Program 5082:New Orleans riot of 1866 3223:Skirmish at James Island 3218:Battle of Broxton Bridge 3213:Action at Rivers' Bridge 3105:Battle of Simmon's Bluff 3100:Battle of Secessionville 2878:(Lexington Books, 2015). 2847:(UNC Press Books, 2015). 2491:. U.S. National Archives 2380:The 54th and Fort Wagner 2149:Jaffa, Harry V. (2000). 1908:"The Charleston Courier" 1687:Second Military District 1638:Battle of Rivers' Bridge 1592:Battle of Simmon's Bluff 1587:Battle of Secessionville 1129:On February 4, 1861, in 834:Laurence Massillon Keitt 817:Laurence Massillon Keitt 801:Laurence Massillon Keitt 370:United States portal 210:Robert Woodward Barnwell 6679:1860s in South Carolina 6372:First Republic of Texas 5855:Confederate war finance 5475:Southern Cross of Honor 5443:1938 Gettysburg reunion 5438:1913 Gettysburg reunion 5136:Reconstruction Treaties 5109:Enforcement Act of 1870 4992:Freedman's Savings Bank 3609:Lane Debates on Slavery 3434:Lincoln–Douglas debates 3010:on April 3, 1861 (6th) 2953:(1902, reprinted 1988) 2936:(1865; reprinted 2011) 2711:Powers Jr., Bernard E. 2676:McDonnell, Lawrence T. 1828:Weiser, Kathy. (2017). 1648:Battle of Brattonsville 1058:(2000), emphasis added. 1004:consent of the governed 698:, whose South Carolina 356:State of South Carolina 5914:Richmond riots of 1863 5840:Baltimore riot of 1861 5620:U.S. Military Railroad 5540:Confederate Home Guard 5272:Historiographic issues 5238:Historical reenactment 3737:Revenue Cutter Service 3604:William Lloyd Garrison 3513:Dred Scott v. Sandford 2930:Simms, William Gilmore 2922:Morris, J. Brent, ed. 2883:Historical Archaeology 2747:(Cambridge UP, 1994). 2207:Loewen, James (2011). 1754: 1571: 1540: 1466: 1422: 1335: 1304: 1224: 1207: 1191: 1173: 1110:The state adopted the 1108: 1080: 1061: 1034: 995: 982: 959: 921: 907: 903:James Henley Thornwell 890:James Henley Thornwell 886: 839: 822: 797: 690:, killed in action at 6441:Republic of Madawaska 6342:Trans-Oconee Republic 5879:Great Revival of 1863 5756:Maryland, My Maryland 5545:Confederate railroads 5208:Civil War Roundtables 5077:Meridian riot of 1871 5072:Memphis riots of 1866 3629:George Luther Stearns 3614:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 3507:Crittenden Compromise 3079:Port Royal Experiment 3069:Battle of Fort Sumter 2912:McCaslin, Richard B. 2895:Jones, J. Keith, ed. 2816:7.3 (1930): 346–364. 2793:Slavery and Abolition 2771:46.3 (2000): 205–226. 2694:75.2 (1974): 95–110. 2608:Cisco, Walter Brian. 2556:Billingsley, Andrew. 2397:Wittenburg, Eric J., 1785:South Carolina portal 1737: 1679:Further information: 1577:Battle of Fort Sumter 1569: 1527: 1452: 1419:The Mills House Hotel 1417: 1395:could have been. The 1377:Port Royal Experiment 1371:Port Royal experiment 1330: 1302: 1218: 1201: 1177: 1159: 1084: 1065: 1039: 1016: 990: 967: 944: 911: 894: 868: 826: 809: 786: 725:Further information: 336:Civil Rights Movement 230:Restored to the Union 6435:Republic of Fredonia 6132:Governments in exile 5766:Daar kom die Alibama 5681:National Union Party 5357:memorials to Lincoln 5277:Lost Cause mythology 4982:Eufaula riot of 1874 4970:Confederate refugees 4183:District of Columbia 3810:Union naval blockade 3656:Underground Railroad 3444:Nullification crisis 3187:Battle of Honey Hill 3074:Battle of Port Royal 2949:Taylor, Susie King. 2802:71#1 (2005): 75–104. 2713:Black Charlestonians 2652:Jenkins, Wilbert L. 2566:Bostick, Douglas W. 2452:McPherson, James M. 2279:The Post and Courier 1675:Restoration to Union 1628:Battle of Honey Hill 1582:Battle of Port Royal 1170:(February 13, 1861). 956:(December 24, 1860). 6646: / 6584:Free State of Jones 6477:California Republic 6312:Republic of Watauga 6280:Provincias Internas 6242:unrecognized states 5924:Supreme Court cases 5691:Radical Republicans 5470:Old soldiers' homes 5454:Confederate Veteran 5380:artworks in Capitol 5099:Reconstruction acts 4960:Colfax riot of 1873 3924:Richmond-Petersburg 3529:Fugitive slave laws 3459:Popular sovereignty 3439:Missouri Compromise 3429:Kansas-Nebraska Act 3192:Battle of Tulifinny 2885:37.3 (2003): 14–30. 2874:Rogers, Jeffery J. 2856:Miller, Richard F. 2760:Seigler, Robert S. 2753:Schwalm, Leslie A. 2740:(Home House, 2001). 2687:50.1 (2004): 47–65. 2645:Edgar, Walter, ed. 2214:The Washington Post 1712:Rutherford B. Hayes 1633:Battle of Tulifinny 1131:Montgomery, Alabama 1102:The Washington Post 1077:(December 25, 1860) 963:Fugitive Slave Acts 641:U.S. Colored Troops 296:American Revolution 113:April 3, 1861 (6th) 44:"Palmetto Republic" 6596:Republic of Hawaii 6292:Florida Occidental 6034:Confederate States 5745:A Lincoln Portrait 5686:Politicians killed 5610:U.S. Balloon Corps 5605:Union corps badges 5385:memorials to Davis 5255:Disenfranchisement 5126:Reconstruction era 5007:Timber Culture Act 4965:Compromise of 1877 3929:Franklin–Nashville 3599:Frederick Douglass 3502:Cornerstone Speech 3419:Compromise of 1850 3367:American Civil War 2909:(McFarland, 2004). 2826:55 (1954): 185–97. 2795:4.1 (1983): 64–78. 2725:Rose, Willie Lee. 2718:Racine, Philip N. 2598:Channing, Steven. 2573:Burton, E. Milby. 2436:2007-10-14 at the 1869:. pp. 141–142 1863:Channing, Steven. 1834:Legends of America 1716:Confederate states 1705:Compromise of 1877 1572: 1537:(January 24, 1865) 1467: 1423: 1336: 1305: 1225: 1208: 1194:American Civil War 1184:John T. Wightman, 643:regiments for the 425:American Civil War 419:Confederate States 326:Reconstruction era 214:James Lawrence Orr 6629: 6628: 6623: 6622: 6459:Republic of Texas 6354:State of Muskogee 6336:State of Franklin 6203: 6202: 6177:Arizona Territory 5999: 5998: 5967: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5797:Italian Americans 5782:African Americans 5739:John Brown's Body 5492: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5405: 5404: 5243:Robert E. Lee Day 4987:Freedmen's Bureau 4950:Brooks–Baxter War 4881: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4665: 4664: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4436: 3854:Northern Virginia 3800:Trans-Mississippi 3773: 3772: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3560:Uncle Tom's Cabin 3497:African Americans 3320: 3319: 3022: 3021: 3013:Succeeded by 2843:Brown, Thomas J. 2833:57 (1956): 82–87. 2774:Stone, H. David. 2769:Civil War History 2700:Poole, W. Scott. 2685:Civil War History 2669:Lucas, Marion B. 2638:Drago, Edmund L. 2631:978-1-57003-255-4 2590:978-1-57003-560-9 2546:Barrett, John G. 2413:Willie Lee Rose, 2261:978-1-57003-560-9 2240:978-1-57003-255-4 2030:978-1-57003-560-9 1815:Snyder, Laurie. " 1495:African Americans 1463:John Brown's Body 1397:African Americans 1354:Robert Gould Shaw 1262:On April 10, the 794:Alfred P. Aldrich 778:Alfred P. Aldrich 696:Joseph B. Kershaw 664:anti-secessionist 623:Charleston Harbor 608: 607: 532:Arizona Territory 404: 403: 354: 353: 306:Antebellum period 237: 236: 167:Charleston Harbor 6706: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6657: 6656: 6651: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6613: 6612: 6483:State of Deseret 6453:Indian Territory 6421:Coahuila y Tejas 6415:Sonora y Sinaloa 6348:Hawaiian Kingdom 6330:Vermont Republic 6286:Florida Oriental 6230: 6223: 6216: 6207: 6206: 6189:Admitted to the 6125: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6003: 6002: 5989: 5979: 5978: 5802:Native Americans 5787:German Americans 5580:Partisan rangers 5575:Official Records 5515: 5514: 5498: 5497: 5390:memorials to Lee 5337: 5336: 4898: 4897: 4887: 4886: 4674: 4673: 4471: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4451: 4450: 4424:Washington, D.C. 4218:Indian Territory 4178:Dakota Territory 4136: 4135: 4053:Chancellorsville 3844:Jackson's Valley 3834:Blockade runners 3710: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3674: 3673: 3634:Thaddeus Stevens 3624:Lysander Spooner 3584:Susan B. Anthony 3386: 3385: 3375: 3374: 3360: 3353: 3346: 3337: 3336: 3324: 3323: 3308: 3307: 3298: 3297: 3048: 3041: 3034: 3025: 3024: 2992:Preceded by 2989: 2988: 2743:Saville, Julie. 2516: 2515: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2463: 2457: 2450: 2444: 2424: 2418: 2411: 2405: 2395: 2389: 2377: 2364: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2325: 2323: 2318:. South Carolina 2311: 2305: 2298: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2270: 2264: 2249: 2243: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2204: 2195: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2179: 2173: 2172: 2156: 2146: 2137: 2136: 2129: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2104: 2095: 2094: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2066: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2039: 2033: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2005: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1977: 1966: 1965: 1959: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1935: 1929: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1860: 1854: 1851:Independent Mail 1843: 1837: 1826: 1820: 1813: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1773: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1752: 1658:Battle of Cheraw 1538: 1511:March to the Sea 1483:Confederate Army 1248:Star of the West 1239:Star of the West 1221:Confederate flag 1189: 1171: 1123:James L. Petigru 1106: 1090: 1078: 1059: 1032: 980: 957: 919: 905: 884: 837: 820: 805:Republican Party 795: 711:James Longstreet 680:Wade Hampton III 637:Confederate Army 600: 593: 586: 543:Indian Territory 540:Allied tribes in 493:Dual governments 413: 406: 405: 396: 389: 382: 368: 367: 366: 282: 281: 269: 268: 267: 257: 239: 238: 196: 189: 185: 181: 81: 68: 57: 45: 34: 33: 6714: 6713: 6709: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6664: 6663: 6654: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6625: 6624: 6619: 6601: 6427:Las Californias 6403:Alta California 6318:United Colonies 6304:Alta California 6248: 6234: 6204: 6199: 6181: 6163: 6126: 6117: 6037: 6030: 6000: 5995: 5959: 5943: 5828: 5792:Irish Americans 5770: 5715: 5624: 5615:U.S. Home Guard 5555:Field artillery 5509: 5508: 5484: 5426: 5401: 5363: 5332: 5326: 5218:Civil War Trust 5185: 5179: 5067:Ethnic violence 5052:Kirk–Holden war 4931: 4892: 4869: 4803: 4661: 4605: 4458: 4433: 4387: 4140: 4127: 3958: 3939:Sherman's March 3919:Bermuda Hundred 3814: 3769: 3741: 3697: 3696: 3660: 3619:J. Sella Martin 3589:James G. Birney 3565: 3483: 3409:Bleeding Kansas 3397: 3380: 3369: 3364: 3329: 3321: 3316: 3286: 3265: 3244: 3228:Action at Aiken 3196: 3175:Sinking of USS 3163: 3114: 3083: 3057: 3052: 3018: 3005: 2997: 2975: 2970: 2892: 2890:Primary sources 2871:2nd Ed. (1994). 2840: 2781:Stokes, Karen. 2542: 2524: 2522:Further reading 2519: 2508: 2504: 2494: 2492: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2451: 2447: 2438:Wayback Machine 2425: 2421: 2412: 2408: 2396: 2392: 2387:Wayback Machine 2378: 2367: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2339: 2335: 2321: 2319: 2312: 2308: 2299: 2295: 2284: 2282: 2271: 2267: 2250: 2246: 2226: 2222: 2205: 2198: 2188: 2186: 2180: 2176: 2169: 2147: 2140: 2131: 2130: 2123: 2113: 2111: 2106: 2105: 2098: 2080: 2076: 2060: 2059: 2052: 2050: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2019: 2015: 1999: 1998: 1991: 1989: 1986:Civil War Trust 1978: 1969: 1953: 1952: 1945: 1943: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1913: 1911: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1886: 1882: 1872: 1870: 1861: 1857: 1844: 1840: 1827: 1823: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1753: 1745:J.T. Trowbridge 1743: 1736: 1703:As part of the 1698:US Constitution 1683: 1677: 1672: 1668:Battle of Aiken 1624:(Morris Island) 1564: 1554:and the son of 1539: 1533: 1447: 1412: 1406: 1373: 1316: 1297: 1246:fired upon the 1229:Robert Anderson 1213: 1196: 1190: 1183: 1172: 1165: 1107: 1097:James W. Loewen 1095: 1079: 1072: 1060: 1050: 1033: 1023: 981: 974: 958: 950: 920: 917: 906: 901: 885: 879: 873:Abraham Lincoln 864:Abraham Lincoln 844: 838: 832: 821: 815: 796: 793: 745: 723: 660:prisoner of war 604: 541: 431: 423: 421: 400: 364: 362: 286:Colonial period 265: 263: 255: 248: 220:Representatives 212: 194: 193: 191:Milledge Bonham 187: 186: 183:Francis Pickens 179: 178: 147: 138:Forces supplied 133: 82: 76: 75: 74: 73: 69: 62: 58: 43: 30: 12: 11: 5: 6712: 6702: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6593: 6587: 6581: 6580: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6557:South Carolina 6554: 6552:North Carolina 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6498: 6492: 6486: 6480: 6474: 6468: 6462: 6456: 6450: 6444: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6430: 6424: 6418: 6412: 6406: 6400: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6301: 6295: 6289: 6283: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6233: 6232: 6225: 6218: 6210: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6197: 6194: 6193:June 20, 1863. 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6173: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6136: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6086:South Carolina 6083: 6081:North Carolina 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6047: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6029: 6028: 6021: 6014: 6006: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5983: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5965: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5957: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5939:Women soldiers 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5894:Naming the war 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5778: 5776: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5725: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5530:Campaign Medal 5527: 5521: 5519: 5511: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5505:Related topics 5502: 5494: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5424: 5419: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5359: 5354: 5343: 5341: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5252: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5233:Decoration Day 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5189: 5187: 5186:Reconstruction 5181: 5180: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5040:second inquiry 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5012: 5011: 5010: 5004: 4997:Homestead Acts 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4978: 4977: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4945:Alabama Claims 4941: 4939: 4937:Reconstruction 4933: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4927: 4925:15th Amendment 4922: 4920:14th Amendment 4917: 4915:13th Amendment 4906: 4904: 4894: 4893: 4883: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4811: 4809: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4680: 4678: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4546:J. E. Johnston 4543: 4541:A. S. Johnston 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4481:R. H. Anderson 4477: 4475: 4468: 4460: 4459: 4447: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4343:South Carolina 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4318:North Carolina 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4144: 4142: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4043:Fredericksburg 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3983:Wilson's Creek 3980: 3975: 3969: 3967: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3825: 3823: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3795:Lower Seaboard 3792: 3787: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3751: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3718: 3716: 3707: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3678: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3651:Harriet Tubman 3648: 3647: 3646: 3639:Charles Sumner 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3575: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3563: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3493: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3474:States' rights 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3389: 3382: 3381: 3371: 3370: 3363: 3362: 3355: 3348: 3340: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3314: 3302: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3171: 3169: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3161: 3156:Attack on USS 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3051: 3050: 3043: 3036: 3028: 3020: 3019: 3014: 3011: 2998: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2974: 2973:External links 2971: 2969: 2968: 2957: 2947: 2940: 2927: 2920: 2910: 2903: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2886: 2879: 2872: 2865: 2854: 2848: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2834: 2827: 2820: 2810: 2803: 2796: 2789: 2779: 2772: 2765: 2758: 2751: 2741: 2734: 2723: 2716: 2709: 2698: 2688: 2681: 2674: 2667: 2661: 2650: 2643: 2636: 2616: 2606: 2596: 2578: 2571: 2564: 2554: 2543: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2517: 2502: 2480: 2458: 2445: 2419: 2406: 2390: 2365: 2356: 2333: 2306: 2293: 2265: 2244: 2220: 2196: 2174: 2167: 2138: 2121: 2096: 2074: 2034: 2013: 1967: 1930: 1921: 1899: 1880: 1866:Crisis of Fear 1855: 1838: 1821: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1774: 1758: 1755: 1741: 1735: 1732: 1724:South Carolina 1694:Reconstruction 1676: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1573: 1563: 1560: 1531: 1457:marching into 1446: 1443: 1408:Main article: 1405: 1402: 1393:Reconstruction 1372: 1369: 1315: 1312: 1296: 1293: 1212: 1209: 1195: 1192: 1181: 1163: 1093: 1070: 1048: 1021: 1008:Harry V. Jaffa 972: 948: 931:James Buchanan 915: 899: 877: 843: 840: 830: 813: 791: 768:states' rights 753:Preston Brooks 722: 719: 715:Stephen D. Lee 692:Fredericksburg 653:break of gauge 633:South Carolina 611:South Carolina 606: 605: 603: 602: 595: 588: 580: 577: 576: 575: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 546: 545: 537: 536: 535: 534: 526: 525: 521: 520: 519: 518: 513: 508: 503: 495: 494: 490: 489: 488: 487: 482: 477: 472: 470:South Carolina 467: 465:North Carolina 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 428: 427: 415: 414: 402: 401: 399: 398: 391: 384: 376: 373: 372: 359: 358: 352: 351: 348: 342: 341: 338: 332: 331: 328: 322: 321: 318: 312: 311: 308: 302: 301: 298: 292: 291: 288: 278: 277: 271: 270: 260: 259: 256:South Carolina 250: 249: 242: 235: 234: 231: 227: 226: 221: 217: 216: 207: 201: 200: 198:Andrew Magrath 176: 170: 169: 160: 149: 148: 146: 145: 141: 139: 135: 134: 132: 131: 128: 125: 121: 119: 115: 114: 111: 105: 104: 99: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 63: 52: 51: 50: 47: 46: 39: 38: 37:South Carolina 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6711: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6662: 6659: 6616: 6608: 6607: 6604: 6597: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6578: 6577:West Virginia 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6416: 6413: 6410: 6407: 6404: 6401: 6398: 6397:Mexican Texas 6394: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6247: 6246:United States 6243: 6239: 6231: 6226: 6224: 6219: 6217: 6212: 6211: 6208: 6195: 6192: 6188: 6187: 6184: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6166: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6129: 6124: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6106:West Virginia 6104: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6035: 6027: 6022: 6020: 6015: 6013: 6008: 6007: 6004: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5982: 5974: 5973: 5970: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5909:Photographers 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5884:Gender issues 5882: 5880: 5877: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5868: 5865: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5711:War Democrats 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5701:Union Leagues 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5600:Turning point 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5570:Naval battles 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5398: 5395: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5333:and memorials 5329: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5193:Commemoration 5191: 5190: 5188: 5182: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5160: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5035:first inquiry 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5016: 5013: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4955:Carpetbaggers 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4934: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4888: 4884: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4675: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4452: 4448: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4378:West Virginia 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4298:New Hampshire 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4258:Massachusetts 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4137: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3998:Hampton Roads 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3988:Fort Donelson 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3961: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3884:Morgan's Raid 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3829:Anaconda Plan 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3817: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3805:Pacific Coast 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3539:Positive good 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3454:Panic of 1857 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3414:Border states 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3349: 3347: 3342: 3341: 3338: 3332: 3325: 3313: 3312: 3303: 3301: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3158:New Ironsides 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3044: 3042: 3037: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3026: 3017: 3009: 3004: 3003: 2996: 2990: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2908: 2904: 2902: 2901:online review 2898: 2894: 2893: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2675: 2672: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2619:Edgar, Walter 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2563: 2562:Robert Smalls 2559: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2513: 2506: 2490: 2484: 2468: 2462: 2455: 2449: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2423: 2416: 2410: 2403: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2360: 2344: 2337: 2330: 2322:September 13, 2317: 2310: 2303: 2297: 2280: 2276: 2269: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2248: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2228:Edgar, Walter 2224: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2203: 2201: 2185: 2178: 2170: 2168:9780847699520 2164: 2160: 2155: 2154: 2145: 2143: 2134: 2128: 2126: 2109: 2103: 2101: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2078: 2070: 2064: 2048: 2044: 2038: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2017: 2009: 2003: 1987: 1983: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1963: 1957: 1941: 1934: 1925: 1909: 1903: 1896: 1891: 1884: 1868: 1867: 1859: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1835: 1831: 1825: 1818: 1812: 1808: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1786: 1775: 1772: 1761: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1682: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1568: 1559: 1557: 1556:Denmark Vesey 1553: 1552:Robert Smalls 1549: 1545: 1536: 1530: 1526: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1436: 1430: 1429: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1368: 1364: 1362: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1322: 1311: 1309: 1308:Robert Smalls 1301: 1295:Robert Smalls 1292: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1282:50-gun salute 1278: 1277:Edmund Ruffin 1274: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1257: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1234: 1230: 1222: 1217: 1205: 1200: 1187: 1180: 1176: 1169: 1166:L.W. Spratt, 1162: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1112:palmetto flag 1104: 1103: 1098: 1092: 1083: 1076: 1069: 1064: 1057: 1053: 1047: 1045: 1038: 1030: 1026: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 994: 989: 986: 979: 978: 971: 966: 964: 955: 954: 947: 943: 941: 940: 934: 932: 927: 914: 910: 904: 898: 893: 891: 882: 876: 874: 867: 865: 860: 855: 853: 849: 835: 829: 825: 818: 812: 808: 806: 802: 790: 785: 783: 779: 775: 773: 769: 765: 764:nullification 760: 758: 754: 750: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 718: 716: 712: 708: 704: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 682:, a foremost 681: 676: 673: 669: 665: 661: 656: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 601: 596: 594: 589: 587: 582: 581: 579: 578: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 549: 548: 547: 544: 539: 538: 533: 530: 529: 528: 527: 523: 522: 517: 516:West Virginia 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 497: 496: 492: 491: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 432: 430: 429: 426: 420: 417: 416: 412: 408: 407: 397: 392: 390: 385: 383: 378: 377: 375: 374: 371: 361: 360: 357: 349: 347: 344: 343: 339: 337: 334: 333: 329: 327: 324: 323: 319: 317: 316:Civil War era 314: 313: 309: 307: 304: 303: 299: 297: 294: 293: 289: 287: 284: 283: 280: 279: 276: 273: 272: 262: 261: 258: 252: 251: 246: 241: 240: 232: 228: 225: 222: 218: 215: 211: 208: 206: 202: 199: 192: 184: 177: 175: 171: 168: 164: 161: 159: 155: 150: 143: 142: 140: 136: 129: 126: 124:703,708 total 123: 122: 120: 116: 112: 110: 106: 103: 100: 96: 93: 90: 86: 80: 72: 67: 61: 56: 48: 42:Nickname(s): 40: 35: 32: 28: 24: 21: 16: 6631: 6556: 6392:(1823–1824) 6085: 5850:Bibliography 5833:Other topics 5775:By ethnicity 5743: 5696:Trent Affair 5595:Signal Corps 5452: 5175:White League 5062:Ku Klux Klan 4975:Confederados 4902:Constitution 4774:D. D. Porter 4627:Breckinridge 4342: 4338:Rhode Island 4333:Pennsylvania 4088:Spotsylvania 4048:Stones River 4028:2nd Bull Run 3978:1st Bull Run 3864:Stones River 3765:Marine Corps 3732:Marine Corps 3571:Abolitionism 3558: 3511: 3310: 3180: 3176: 3157: 3054: 3008:Constitution 3000: 2960: 2950: 2933: 2923: 2913: 2906: 2896: 2882: 2875: 2868: 2857: 2844: 2830: 2823: 2813: 2806: 2799: 2792: 2782: 2775: 2768: 2761: 2754: 2744: 2737: 2726: 2719: 2712: 2701: 2691: 2684: 2677: 2670: 2653: 2646: 2639: 2622: 2609: 2599: 2581: 2574: 2567: 2560:(2007); see 2557: 2547: 2511: 2505: 2493:. Retrieved 2483: 2473:September 8, 2471:. Retrieved 2461: 2453: 2448: 2440: 2429:H. L. Hunley 2428: 2422: 2414: 2409: 2398: 2393: 2359: 2349:September 8, 2347:. Retrieved 2336: 2327: 2320:. Retrieved 2309: 2301: 2296: 2283:. Retrieved 2278: 2268: 2252: 2247: 2231: 2223: 2212: 2187:. Retrieved 2177: 2152: 2114:November 18, 2112:. Retrieved 2091: 2087: 2077: 2051:. Retrieved 2046: 2037: 2021: 2016: 1990:. Retrieved 1985: 1944:. Retrieved 1933: 1924: 1914:September 6, 1912:. Retrieved 1902: 1893: 1889: 1883: 1873:September 6, 1871:. Retrieved 1865: 1858: 1850: 1841: 1833: 1824: 1811: 1748: 1738: 1702: 1691: 1684: 1541: 1534: 1528: 1522: 1520: 1503: 1468: 1445:The war ends 1440: 1434: 1426: 1424: 1374: 1365: 1358: 1339: 1337: 1319: 1317: 1306: 1286: 1263: 1261: 1252: 1247: 1237: 1226: 1185: 1178: 1174: 1167: 1160: 1128: 1120: 1109: 1100: 1085: 1081: 1074: 1066: 1062: 1055: 1042: 1040: 1035: 1028: 1017: 1011: 996: 991: 987: 983: 975: 968: 960: 951: 945: 937: 935: 922: 912: 908: 895: 887: 881:John McQueen 869: 859:John McQueen 856: 845: 827: 823: 810: 798: 787: 776: 761: 749:John Calhoun 746: 677: 657: 631: 610: 609: 469: 315: 233:July 9, 1868 98:Largest city 71:Coat of arms 31: 15: 6653: / 6598:(1894–1898) 6592:(1893–1894) 6586:(1863–1865) 6542:Mississippi 6505:1861–1865; 6497:(1850–1856) 6485:(1849–1850) 6473:(1841–1848) 6461:(1836–1846) 6455:(1834–1907) 6449:(1832–1835) 6437:(1826–1827) 6429:, 1836–1846 6423:, 1824–1835 6417:, 1824–1830 6411:, 1821–1846 6405:, 1821–1836 6399:, 1821–1824 6395:1835–1846; 6374:(1812–1813) 6356:(1799–1803) 6350:(1795–1893) 6338:(1784–1788) 6332:(1777–1791) 6326:(1776–1783) 6320:(1775–1776) 6314:(1772–1777) 6306:, 1804–1821 6300:, 1769–1801 6298:La Luisiana 6294:, 1783–1821 6288:, 1783–1821 6282:, 1776–1821 6276:, 1690–1821 6270:, 1598–1821 6264:, 1565–1821 6262:New Navarre 6076:Mississippi 6036:(1861–1865) 5656:Copperheads 5368:Confederate 5260:Black Codes 4586:E. K. Smith 4467:Confederate 4414:New Orleans 4409:Chattanooga 4273:Mississippi 4173:Connecticut 4141:territories 4132:Involvement 4093:Cold Harbor 4083:Fort Pillow 4073:Chattanooga 4068:Chickamauga 4018:Seven Pines 4008:New Orleans 3973:Fort Sumter 3914:Valley 1864 3747:Confederacy 3544:Slave Power 3524:Fire-Eaters 3256:Confederate 2995:Mississippi 2291:Paragraph 4 1491:Sea Islands 1471:Sea Islands 1428:H.L. Hunley 1385:Sea Islands 1314:Fort Wagner 1267:before the 1256:Roger Pryor 1233:Fort Sumter 1211:Fort Sumter 1155:Confederacy 1143:Mississippi 1118:Republic". 1052:Harry Jaffa 1025:Harry Jaffa 772:slave power 735:Fire-Eaters 688:Maxcy Gregg 686:commander; 649:The Citadel 619:Fort Sumter 615:Confederacy 460:Mississippi 254:History of 163:Fort Sumter 20:Confederate 6668:Categories 6157:government 6145:government 6111:government 5889:Juneteenth 5410:Cemeteries 5287:Red Shirts 5198:Centennial 5148:Red Shirts 4556:Longstreet 4486:Beauregard 4429:Winchester 4404:Charleston 4373:Washington 4308:New Mexico 4303:New Jersey 4163:California 4139:States and 4123:Five Forks 4108:Mobile Bay 4078:Wilderness 4058:Gettysburg 4038:Perryville 4023:Seven Days 3954:Appomattox 3879:Gettysburg 3839:New Mexico 3706:Combatants 3681:Combatants 3594:John Brown 3277:Charleston 3177:Housatonic 2526:See also: 1804:References 1709:Republican 1487:reparation 1435:Housatonic 1404:Charleston 1400:property. 1389:Port Royal 1361:Union Army 721:Background 645:Union Army 118:Population 102:Charleston 6650:34°N 81°W 6562:Tennessee 6537:Louisiana 6238:sovereign 6169:Territory 6091:Tennessee 6071:Louisiana 5867:Espionage 5661:Diplomacy 5629:Political 5585:POW camps 5331:Monuments 5158:Scalawags 5153:Redeemers 4891:Aftermath 4840:Pinkerton 4779:Rosecrans 4744:McClellan 4647:Memminger 4383:Wisconsin 4348:Tennessee 4268:Minnesota 4243:Louisiana 4118:Nashville 4063:Vicksburg 3993:Pea Ridge 3944:Carolinas 3899:Red River 3894:Knoxville 3874:Tullahoma 3869:Vicksburg 3849:Peninsula 3821:campaigns 3687:Campaigns 3464:Secession 3006:Ratified 2467:"Courier" 2285:April 22, 2189:March 27, 1992:March 21, 1946:March 25, 1720:Louisiana 1433:USS 1269:U.S. Navy 1151:Louisiana 842:Secession 757:secession 557:Chickasaw 524:Territory 475:Tennessee 455:Louisiana 350:1651–2021 340:1954–1968 330:1865–1877 320:1861–1865 310:1812–1860 300:1775–1788 290:1562–1774 195:1864–1865 188:1862–1864 180:1860–1862 154:garrisons 6615:Category 6572:Virginia 6547:Missouri 6532:Kentucky 6517:Arkansas 6152:Missouri 6140:Kentucky 6101:Virginia 6056:Arkansas 5981:Category 5822:Seminole 5812:Cherokee 5565:Medicine 5518:Military 5431:Veterans 5265:Jim Crow 5030:timeline 4825:Ericsson 4808:Civilian 4789:Sheridan 4749:McDowell 4709:Farragut 4694:Burnside 4684:Anderson 4677:Military 4657:Stephens 4617:Benjamin 4610:Civilian 4496:Buchanan 4474:Military 4419:Richmond 4368:Virginia 4313:New York 4288:Nebraska 4278:Missouri 4263:Michigan 4253:Maryland 4238:Kentucky 4213:Illinois 4188:Delaware 4168:Colorado 4153:Arkansas 4113:Franklin 4033:Antietam 3904:Overland 3859:Maryland 3778:Theaters 3684:Theaters 3300:Category 3282:Columbia 2495:April 3, 2434:Archived 2383:Archived 2263:. p. 79. 2242:. p. 619 2063:cite web 2032:. p. 60. 2002:cite web 1956:cite web 1757:See also 1742:— 1532:— 1499:citizens 1479:Savannah 1475:Beaufort 1381:planters 1182:— 1164:— 1116:Palmetto 1094:— 1071:— 1049:— 1022:— 973:— 949:— 926:Columbia 916:— 900:— 878:— 831:— 814:— 792:— 782:Barnwell 700:infantry 572:Seminole 552:Cherokee 511:Virginia 506:Missouri 501:Kentucky 485:Virginia 440:Arkansas 275:Timeline 245:a series 243:Part of 205:Senators 174:Governor 158:armories 92:Columbia 6655:34; 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Knowledge

South Carolina in the American Civil War

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