118:
403:
A more conservative approach would break up Wurm's Trans-Fly–Bulaka River entirely, with two or three of the families remaining within Trans–New Guinea, and five or six being independent. Evans (2012), for example, argues that the inclusion of the Yam language at least is not justified on present
278:
Ross (2005) accepted the TNG identity of Tirio, Moraori, and, tentatively, Kiwaian. He split off the four
Eastern Trans-Fly languages as an independent family. The remainder of the family, which he calls
206:
proposal. Wurm thought it likely that many of these languages would prove to not actually belong to Trans–New Guinea, but rather to have been heavily influenced by Trans–New Guinea languages.
218:
None of the families are closely related; indeed, it is difficult to demonstrate a link between any of them. Wurm's 1975 TNG branch included the following eight demonstrated families:
564:
The pronouns Ross reconstructs for the three families he keeps together are suggestively similar, but it has not been possible to reconstruct common forms:
4210:
17:
4620:
4559:
2312:
2204:
904:
404:
evidence. Timothy Usher treats the Bulaka River and Yam languages as separate families, and links the
Pahoturi– clade to the
4345:
2234:
1250:
31:
2249:
2219:
815:
3725:
3306:
3835:
4625:
2244:
2224:
1206:
2807:
2174:
1255:
423:, which spans both Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, consisting of the following families is mentioned in Evans (2018).
3992:
2239:
2214:
283:, is only tentatively retained: their pronouns are suggestive of a relationship, but this has not been demonstrated.
3968:
3207:
4552:
3126:
3062:
2305:
2229:
2084:
3739:
2981:
1603:
1244:
897:
848:
203:
3490:
4205:
3852:
2987:
2812:
2598:
2592:
2516:
1359:
1286:
1268:
1145:
1085:
1080:
30:"South-Central Papuan languages" redirects here. For the proposed branch of the Trans–New Guinea family, see
4215:
4200:
3899:
3200:
3187:
2958:
2919:
2052:
2047:
1260:
4338:
4195:
4189:
3974:
3247:
3165:
3138:
2842:
2832:
1626:
1547:
1435:
1373:
1046:
1041:
471:
405:
242:
882:
4545:
3761:
3422:
3219:
3017:
2877:
2847:
2837:
2827:
2533:
2298:
2278:
2209:
2184:
2164:
2149:
2062:
1416:
1411:
1279:
1274:
1090:
960:
929:
4630:
4173:
3980:
3956:
3931:
3904:
3887:
2897:
2852:
2822:
2795:
2366:
2321:
2199:
2179:
2057:
1213:
1105:
890:
803:
513:
Languages within the
Southern New Guinea linguistic area generally share these typological features.
4220:
4027:
3664:
3652:
3484:
2546:
2539:
2355:
2254:
1930:
1664:
1345:
1233:
439:
4370:
3225:
3150:
2553:
2503:
2154:
2127:
1960:
1195:
975:
919:
877:
832:
427:
207:
4480:
4457:
4417:
4331:
4239:
4087:
3882:
3658:
3611:
3241:
3158:
2817:
2801:
2609:
2510:
2373:
2349:
2259:
1950:
1779:
1763:
1672:
1389:
1384:
1005:
970:
310:
271:
3877:
4475:
4285:
4183:
3872:
3675:
3465:
3454:
3416:
3023:
2997:
2902:
2892:
2575:
2491:
2342:
2169:
2159:
2144:
1876:
1794:
1609:
1352:
1315:
1115:
1056:
3986:
3711:
4400:
4260:
4017:
3825:
3798:
3781:
3749:
3647:
3361:
3286:
3213:
2992:
2969:
2941:
2872:
2783:
2564:
2028:
1858:
1820:
1706:
1697:
1640:
1589:
4145:
8:
4037:
3941:
3841:
3830:
3792:
3771:
3669:
3628:
3403:
3385:
3379:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3253:
3236:
2975:
2641:
2628:
2522:
2472:
2329:
2194:
1180:
1010:
780:
188:
4395:
4390:
3951:
3946:
3936:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3893:
3862:
3857:
3810:
3804:
3755:
3700:
3623:
3507:
3471:
3432:
3374:
3181:
3176:
2887:
2646:
2615:
2581:
2569:
2528:
2403:
1869:
1864:
1659:
1644:
1621:
1537:
1396:
1334:
1165:
1160:
1110:
991:
941:
518:
335:
248:
90:
4048:
4011:
841:
Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples
810:. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 641–774.
4568:
4452:
4447:
3962:
3867:
3847:
3786:
3766:
3477:
3438:
3409:
3397:
3334:
3280:
3258:
3231:
3171:
3144:
2963:
2924:
2914:
2882:
2755:
2681:
2663:
2657:
2559:
2477:
2391:
2098:
2042:
1968:
1955:
1945:
1894:
1889:
1800:
1742:
1711:
1562:
1406:
1401:
1379:
1175:
1170:
1155:
1051:
1015:
980:
854:
844:
811:
528:
477:
457:
222:
4407:
4053:
4042:
4022:
2360:
4427:
4422:
4270:
4130:
4120:
4115:
4069:
4063:
4032:
3925:
3820:
3744:
3682:
3634:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3530:
3514:
3449:
3444:
3427:
3368:
3262:
3194:
3105:
3072:
3040:
2936:
2908:
2857:
2778:
2762:
2748:
2730:
2723:
2709:
2669:
2651:
2635:
2621:
2443:
2426:
1975:
1940:
1935:
1785:
1774:
1721:
1469:
1455:
1448:
1421:
1308:
1222:
1132:
1100:
1075:
1067:
1033:
913:
547:
540:
488:
451:
445:
261:
180:
117:
80:
4385:
4110:
4058:
3050:
2070:
1686:
4599:
4594:
4584:
4467:
4437:
4412:
4380:
4362:
4265:
4140:
4125:
4094:
3815:
3776:
3641:
3587:
3459:
3321:
3087:
3082:
2947:
2862:
2743:
2736:
2716:
2698:
2603:
2586:
2385:
2032:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1882:
1753:
1731:
1726:
1648:
1630:
1596:
1497:
1476:
1462:
1322:
1150:
1140:
1095:
1021:
835:(2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In
536:
494:
464:
420:
266:
236:
176:
68:
62:
4589:
4490:
4485:
4442:
4275:
4135:
4104:
4075:
3706:
3592:
3575:
3525:
3520:
3391:
3328:
3098:
3092:
3012:
3007:
2953:
2930:
2675:
2497:
2454:
2437:
2431:
2409:
2397:
2269:
2105:
1848:
1826:
1805:
1716:
1679:
1654:
1634:
1614:
1525:
1511:
1504:
1490:
1440:
1425:
1366:
1000:
955:
532:
501:
483:
4614:
4579:
4505:
4495:
4432:
4375:
4354:
4159:
4099:
4081:
3597:
3581:
3535:
3292:
3112:
3077:
3067:
3045:
3002:
2867:
2448:
2380:
2116:
2091:
2017:
1924:
1909:
1837:
1831:
1811:
1769:
1736:
1518:
1483:
1429:
1301:
1294:
1121:
965:
836:
433:
378:
352:
254:
229:
95:
85:
2290:
872:
858:
4526:
4510:
4500:
3056:
2077:
1555:
950:
808:
The
Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide
199:
192:
912:
2703:
1913:
806:(2018). "The languages of Southern New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.).
553:
535:, and the masculine vs. feminine contrast on undergoer-prefixes in the
55:
184:
104:
4537:
4323:
4299:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
4280:
4178:
1573:
873:
South-Central Papuan languages database at TransNewGuinea.org
521:(except Kuni-Boazi, possibly Marind, and some Kiwai dialects)
1577:
122:
Map: The Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages of New Guinea
839:; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.).
411:
187:
in southern Papua New Guinea into southern
Indonesian
843:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66.
183:. They include many of the languages west of the
4612:
798:
796:
4553:
4339:
2320:
2306:
898:
793:
257:, up to and just across the Indonesian border
4309:Families with more than 30 languages are in
210:(2005) concurred, and removed most of them.
4560:
4546:
4346:
4332:
2313:
2299:
905:
891:
531:(except for the four-way gender system in
127: The Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages
225:, on the banks and east of the Fly River
568:Proto-Yam (Proto–Morehead – Upper Maro)
27:Hypothetical family of Papuan languages
14:
4613:
436:(Morehead-Upper Maro) - 3,000 speakers
239:, on the western bank of the Fly River
32:Central and South New Guinea languages
4567:
4541:
4327:
2294:
886:
802:
831:
448:(Eastern Trans-Fly) - 6,500 speakers
412:Southern New Guinea linguistic area
24:
191:, plus a pair of languages on the
25:
4642:
4353:
866:
213:
4621:Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages
468:- fewer than 20 elderly speakers
133: Trans–New Guinea languages
116:
382:(Morehead – Upper Maro) family
251:, west of the Eastern languages
878:Bulaka River on newguineaworld
175:languages form a hypothetical
18:South-Central Papuan languages
13:
1:
786:
265:, between Upper Maro and the
2235:Central and South New Guinea
296:(South-Central Papuan)
292:Trans-Fly–Bulaka River
145: Austronesian languages
139: Other Papuan languages
7:
774:
559:
406:Eastern Trans-Fly languages
243:Eastern Trans-Fly languages
195:a hundred km further west.
10:
4647:
4626:Proposed language families
2205:East Bird's Head – Sentani
552:single-word verbs form an
460:- just over 7,000 speakers
442:- just over 4,000 speakers
198:The family was posited by
151: Australian languages
29:
4575:
4519:
4466:
4361:
4294:
4253:
4230:
4169:
4158:
4002:
3735:
3724:
3692:
3619:
3610:
3499:
3316:
3305:
3272:
3134:
3125:
3033:
2791:
2777:
2691:
2486:
2468:
2419:
2337:
2328:
2322:Primary language families
2268:
2245:East New Guinea Highlands
2137:
2115:
2027:
1908:
1847:
1752:
1696:
1572:
1535:
1332:
1251:Nuclear South Bird's Head
1232:
1193:
1131:
1065:
1031:
989:
939:
928:
546:lack of verb chaining or
375:
350:
332:
325:
307:
300:
115:
103:
74:
63:Linguistic classification
61:
49:
44:
39:
3139:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
1275:Nuclear East Bird's Head
914:Papuan language families
245:, south of the Fly delta
233:, north of the Fly delta
202:as a branch of his 1975
4306:have no living members.
2250:Yele – West New Britain
2240:Central West New Guinea
524:complex verb morphology
4286:Unclassified languages
4240:list of sign languages
3208:Northeastern Tasmanian
2279:Proto-Trans–New Guinea
2190:Trans-Fly–Bulaka River
167:Trans-Fly–Bulaka River
40:Trans-Fly–Bulaka River
4261:Constructed languages
2230:West Papuan Highlands
2225:West Trans–New Guinea
2036:families and isolates
1917:families and isolates
1582:families and isolates
1541:families and isolates
1374:East Cenderawasih Bay
1338:families and isolates
1237:families and isolates
1234:Bird's Head Peninsula
1199:families and isolates
2808:Binanderean–Goilalan
2175:Binanderean–Goilalan
2029:Bismarck Archipelago
1256:Inanwatan–Duriankere
281:South-Central Papuan
173:South-Central Papuan
45:South-Central Papuan
4090:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
3993:Tequiraca–Canichana
3836:Harákmbut–Katukinan
2599:Northwest Caucasian
2593:Northeast Caucasian
2517:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
2220:Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran
2215:Left May – Kwomtari
1146:Greater Binanderean
781:Trans-Fly languages
418:Southern New Guinea
3712:Tarascan/Purépecha
3201:Northern Tasmanian
2959:South Bougainville
2920:North Bougainville
2138:Proposed groupings
2053:South Bougainville
2048:North Bougainville
1538:Western New Guinea
1335:Western New Guinea
696:Proto-Bulaka River
4608:
4607:
4569:Kiwaian languages
4535:
4534:
4321:
4320:
4271:Language isolates
4249:
4248:
4154:
4153:
3720:
3719:
3606:
3605:
3301:
3300:
3248:Western Tasmanian
3166:Eastern Tasmanian
3121:
3120:
2843:East Geelvink Bay
2773:
2772:
2464:
2463:
2288:
2287:
1904:
1903:
1627:Leonhard Schultze
1245:South Bird's Head
1207:Timor-Alor-Pantar
1189:
1188:
923:
817:978-3-11-028642-7
770:
769:
691:
690:
612:
611:
491:- 10,000 speakers
480:- 37,000 speakers
474:- 30,000 speakers
400:
399:
391:
390:
364:
363:
163:
162:
157: Uninhabited
16:(Redirected from
4638:
4631:Papuan languages
4562:
4555:
4548:
4539:
4538:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4325:
4324:
4167:
4166:
4121:Huaorani/Waorani
4005:(extant in 2000)
3969:Esmeralda–Yaruro
3740:Andoque–Urequena
3733:
3732:
3617:
3616:
3423:Plateau Penutian
3314:
3313:
3289:(Northern Daly?)
3132:
3131:
3018:Northwest Papuan
2982:Trans–New Guinea
2848:East New Britain
2823:Central Solomons
2789:
2788:
2534:Great Andamanese
2484:
2483:
2335:
2334:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2165:Southeast Papuan
2150:Northwest Papuan
2058:Central Solomons
1694:
1693:
1604:Lower Sepik-Ramu
1287:West Bird's Head
1269:East Bird's Head
1133:Papuan Peninsula
1068:Papua New Guinea
1034:Papua New Guinea
937:
936:
930:Trans-New Guinea
917:
907:
900:
893:
884:
883:
862:
822:
821:
800:
702:
701:
623:
622:
574:
573:
548:switch-reference
541:Oriomo languages
452:Trans-New Guinea
328:
327:
303:
302:
297:
293:
287:
286:
274:, west of Marind
204:Trans–New Guinea
181:Papuan languages
171:
156:
150:
144:
138:
132:
126:
120:
37:
36:
21:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4571:
4566:
4536:
4531:
4515:
4462:
4357:
4352:
4322:
4317:
4316:
4290:
4276:Mixed languages
4245:
4226:
4161:
4150:
4004:
3998:
3853:Katembri–Taruma
3727:
3716:
3688:
3602:
3495:
3308:
3297:
3268:
3117:
3029:
2988:Turama–Kikorian
2898:Lower Mamberamo
2853:East Strickland
2781:
2769:
2687:
2475:
2470:
2460:
2415:
2324:
2319:
2289:
2284:
2264:
2133:
2119:
2111:
2035:
2033:Solomon Islands
2023:
1916:
1900:
1843:
1748:
1692:
1581:
1568:
1540:
1531:
1337:
1328:
1236:
1228:
1214:North Halmahera
1198:
1185:
1127:
1106:East Strickland
1086:Kainantu-Goroka
1081:Finisterre-Huon
1061:
1027:
985:
932:
924:
922:classification)
916:
911:
869:
851:
826:
825:
818:
804:Evans, Nicholas
801:
794:
789:
777:
562:
537:Tonda languages
421:linguistic area
414:
401:
392:
365:
298:
295:
294:
291:
267:Marind language
216:
169:
159:
158:
154:
152:
148:
146:
142:
140:
136:
134:
130:
128:
124:
69:language family
51:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4644:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4565:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4542:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4371:Upper Morehead
4367:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4328:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:Indo-Pakistani
4198:
4193:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4084:
4079:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4008:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3900:Piaroa–Saliban
3897:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3801:
3796:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3667:
3665:Tequistlatecan
3662:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3578:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3511:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3401:
3394:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3332:
3325:
3317:
3311:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3216:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3192:
3188:Marrku–Wurrugu
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2752:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2728:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2550:
2547:Hurro-Urartian
2543:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2487:
2481:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2346:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2272:
2270:Proto-language
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:Pahoturi River
1928:
1920:
1918:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1887:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1854:
1852:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1759:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1638:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1583:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1339:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1261:Konda–Yahadian
1258:
1253:
1240:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:Enga-Kewa-Huli
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
997:
995:
987:
986:
984:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
947:
945:
934:
926:
925:
910:
909:
902:
895:
887:
881:
880:
875:
868:
867:External links
865:
864:
863:
849:
829:
824:
823:
816:
791:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
776:
773:
772:
771:
768:
767:
762:
757:
752:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
724:
723:
718:
713:
708:
698:
697:
693:
692:
689:
688:
685:
680:
675:
669:
668:
663:
658:
649:
643:
642:
639:
634:
629:
619:
618:
617:Proto-Pahoturi
614:
613:
610:
609:
604:
598:
597:
592:
586:
585:
580:
570:
569:
561:
558:
557:
556:
550:
544:
533:Anim languages
527:limited or no
525:
522:
511:
510:
509:
508:
507:
506:
498:
492:
481:
475:
469:
461:
449:
443:
440:Pahoturi River
437:
431:
430:- 500 speakers
413:
410:
398:
397:
394:
393:
389:
388:
385:
384:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
362:
361:
358:
357:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
331:
326:
324:
321:
320:
317:
316:
306:
301:
299:
290:
285:
276:
275:
269:
258:
252:
246:
240:
234:
226:
215:
214:Classification
212:
161:
160:
153:
147:
141:
135:
129:
123:
121:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
76:
72:
71:
65:
59:
58:
53:
47:
46:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4643:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4563:
4558:
4556:
4551:
4549:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4458:Bedi Ngkolmpu
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:Warta Thuntai
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4355:Yam languages
4349:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4335:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4211:Original Thai
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4001:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3975:Hibito–Cholón
3973:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3723:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3491:Yuman–Cochimí
3489:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3304:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3226:Southern Daly
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:Darwin Region
3148:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:Demta–Sentani
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2554:Indo-European
2551:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2504:Austroasiatic
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2467:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:South Pauwasi
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:Rossel Island
2114:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:Yelmek-Maklew
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1912:and southern
1911:
1910:Gulf of Papua
1907:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:Bayono-Awbono
1546:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1436:Tofanma-Namla
1434:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1047:Turama-Kikori
1045:
1043:
1042:Gogodala-Suki
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
993:
988:
982:
979:
977:
976:West Bomberai
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
948:
946:
943:
938:
935:
931:
927:
921:
915:
908:
903:
901:
896:
894:
889:
888:
885:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
860:
856:
852:
846:
842:
838:
837:Andrew Pawley
834:
833:Ross, Malcolm
830:
828:
827:
819:
813:
809:
805:
799:
797:
792:
782:
779:
778:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
695:
694:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
616:
615:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
572:
571:
567:
566:
565:
555:
551:
549:
545:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
520:
516:
515:
514:
505:(Inland Gulf)
504:
503:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
486:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
472:Gogodala-Suki
470:
467:
466:
462:
459:
456:
455:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
428:Yelmek-Maklew
426:
425:
424:
422:
419:
409:
407:
396:
395:
387:
386:
383:
381:
380:
373:
372:
369:
368:
360:
359:
356:
354:
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
338:
337:
330:
329:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
313:
312:
305:
304:
289:
288:
284:
282:
273:
270:
268:
264:
263:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
231:
227:
224:
221:
220:
219:
211:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
168:
119:
114:
111:
108:
106:
102:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
77:
73:
70:
66:
64:
60:
57:
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4310:
4303:
4302:Families in
4237:
4188:
4086:
4074:
3924:
3892:
3883:Pano-Tacanan
3840:
3803:
3791:
3762:Arutani–Sape
3754:
3699:
3681:
3674:
3659:Oto-Manguean
3657:
3640:
3633:
3580:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3513:
3506:
3483:
3476:
3464:
3437:
3415:
3408:
3396:
3384:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3327:
3320:
3279:
3246:
3242:Western Daly
3220:Pama–Nyungan
3218:
3206:
3199:
3186:
3164:
3159:Eastern Daly
3157:
3149:
3104:
2980:
2968:
2946:
2929:
2907:
2878:Kaure–Kosare
2838:Doso–Turumsa
2828:Chimbu–Wahgi
2818:Bulaka River
2802:Austronesian
2800:
2761:
2754:
2735:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2610:Sino-Tibetan
2608:
2591:
2574:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2521:
2511:Austronesian
2509:
2502:
2490:
2436:
2374:Nilo-Saharan
2372:
2365:
2350:Austronesian
2348:
2341:
2277:
2260:Indo-Pacific
2210:Kwomtari–Fas
2189:
2185:Asmat–Mombum
2126:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2063:Butam-Taulil
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1951:Doso-Turumsa
1923:
1881:
1857:
1836:
1819:
1810:
1793:
1784:
1780:Yellow River
1764:Middle Sepik
1762:
1739:(West Wapei)
1685:
1678:
1671:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1561:
1554:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1417:Lepki-Murkim
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1280:Hatam–Mansim
1267:
1243:
1221:
1212:
1205:
1120:
1091:Chimbu-Wahgi
1020:
1006:Greater Awyu
971:Paniai Lakes
961:Asmat-Kamoro
840:
807:
764:
759:
754:
749:
742:
737:
732:
727:
720:
715:
710:
705:
682:
677:
672:
665:
660:
655:
651:
646:
636:
631:
626:
606:
601:
594:
589:
582:
577:
563:
512:
500:
463:
417:
415:
402:
377:
376:
351:
334:
333:
311:Bulaka River
309:
308:
280:
277:
272:Bulaka River
260:
228:
217:
208:Malcolm Ross
200:Stephen Wurm
197:
193:Bulaka River
172:
166:
164:
109:
81:Bulaka River
75:Subdivisions
52:distribution
4196:Germanosign
4100:Mura-Pirahã
3981:Lule–Vilela
3957:Bora-Witoto
3932:Uru–Chipaya
3905:Ticuna–Yuri
3888:Peba–Yaguan
3873:Nambikwaran
3676:Uto-Aztecan
3612:Mesoamerica
3466:Uto-Aztecan
3455:Tsimshianic
3417:Palaihnihan
3287:Malak-Malak
3024:Papuan Gulf
2998:West Papuan
2903:Lower Sepik
2893:Lakes Plain
2796:Arai–Samaia
2784:the Pacific
2492:Afroasiatic
2367:Niger–Congo
2343:Afroasiatic
2200:Dani–Kwerba
2180:Arai–Samaia
2170:Papuan Gulf
2160:East Papuan
2145:West Papuan
1877:Middle Ramu
1795:Upper Sepik
1610:Lower Sepik
1353:Lakes Plain
1323:Tanah Merah
1116:Duna-Bogaya
994:, Indonesia
951:Ok-Oksapmin
944:, Indonesia
920:Palmer 2018
497:(Lower Fly)
4615:Categories
4190:Francosign
4038:Chiquitano
4018:Alacalufan
3826:Guaicuruan
3799:Chapacuran
3782:Cahuapanan
3750:Araucanian
3653:Mixe–Zoque
3648:Misumalpan
3362:Comecrudan
3214:Nyulnyulan
2993:Upper Yuat
2970:Torricelli
2942:Senu River
2873:Foja Range
2779:New Guinea
2704:Burushaski
2565:Kartvelian
2540:Hmong–Mien
2356:Khoe–Kwadi
2255:Sepik–Ramu
1914:New Guinea
1859:Lower Ramu
1821:Sepik Hill
1707:Marienberg
1698:Torricelli
1665:Amto-Musan
1641:Upper Yuat
1590:Torricelli
1346:Tor-Kwerba
1032:Southwest
990:Southeast
850:0858835622
787:References
554:open class
189:West Papua
56:New Guinea
50:Geographic
4221:Tanzanian
4162:languages
4059:Hodï/Joti
4003:Isolates
3942:Yanomaman
3878:Otomákoan
3842:Jirajaran
3831:Guajiboan
3793:Catacaoan
3772:Barbacoan
3701:Cuitlatec
3670:Totonacan
3629:Jicaquean
3508:Chimariko
3404:Muskogean
3386:Kalapuyan
3380:Iroquoian
3355:Chumashan
3348:Chinookan
3341:Chimakuan
3259:Yangmanic
3254:Worrorran
3237:Wagaydyic
3127:Australia
2976:Trans-Fly
2642:Yeniseian
2629:Tyrsenian
2523:Dravidian
2195:Trans-Fly
2128:Yélî Dnye
1851:subgroups
1756:subgroups
1700:subgroups
1333:Northern
1196:Nusantara
1181:Manubaran
1011:Kayagaric
933:subgroups
602:s/he/they
539:and some
185:Fly River
105:Glottolog
67:Proposed
4453:Ngkolmpu
4448:Ngkontar
4254:See also
4231:Isolates
4206:Japanese
4146:Yuracaré
4028:Candoshi
3987:Macro-Jê
3952:Zaparoan
3947:Zamucoan
3937:Witotoan
3920:Tucanoan
3915:Tiniguan
3910:Timotean
3894:Quechuan
3863:Matacoan
3858:Mascoian
3848:Jivaroan
3811:Chibchan
3805:Charruan
3756:Arawakan
3693:Isolates
3624:Chibchan
3500:Isolates
3472:Wakashan
3433:Salishan
3375:Eskaleut
3281:Giimbiyu
3273:Isolates
3182:Jarrakan
3177:Iwaidjan
3034:Isolates
2888:Kutubuan
2756:Sumerian
2692:Isolates
2647:Yukaghir
2616:Tungusic
2582:Mongolic
2570:Koreanic
2529:Eskaleut
2420:Isolates
2404:Ubangian
2099:Makolkol
1969:Dibiyaso
1897:(Tanggu)
1870:Misegian
1865:Ottilien
1660:Left May
1645:Arafundi
1622:Kwomtari
1563:Uhunduni
1536:Central
1397:Nimboran
1194:Eastern
1166:Goilalan
1161:Koiarian
1066:Central
940:Central
859:67292782
775:See also
560:Pronouns
517:lack of
489:Marindic
355:isolate
336:Pahoturi
249:Pahoturi
91:Pahoturi
4428:Nggarna
4423:Arammba
4304:italics
4281:Pidgins
4266:Creoles
4216:Swedish
4184:Chinese
4131:Urarina
4116:Puinave
4070:Itonama
4064:Irantxe
4033:Chimane
3963:Chimuan
3868:Nadahup
3787:Cariban
3767:Aymaran
3728:America
3570:Waikuri
3563:Tonkawa
3556:Timucua
3549:Takelma
3542:Siuslaw
3531:Kutenai
3515:Esselen
3478:Wintuan
3439:Shastan
3410:Na-Dene
3398:Maiduan
3335:Caddoan
3309:America
3263:Wagiman
3261:(incl.
3232:Tangkic
3172:Garawan
3145:Bunuban
3106:Tambora
3073:Maybrat
3041:Abinomn
2964:Teberan
2925:Pauwasi
2915:Mairasi
2883:Kiwaian
2763:Tambora
2749:Shompen
2731:Kusunda
2724:Kenaboi
2710:Elamite
2682:Siangic
2664:Kho-Bwa
2658:Hrusish
2576:Kra–Dai
2560:Japonic
2469:Eurasia
2444:Sandawe
2427:Bangime
2392:Songhay
2120:isolate
2043:Baining
1976:Kaki Ae
1956:Komolom
1946:Teberan
1895:Ataitan
1890:Tamolan
1801:Wogamus
1786:Yerakai
1743:Monumbo
1712:Arapesh
1470:Kapauri
1456:Burmeso
1449:Abinomn
1407:Mairasi
1402:Sentani
1380:Pauwasi
1309:Maybrat
1223:Tambora
1176:Kwalean
1171:Yareban
1156:Mailuan
1057:Awin-Pa
1052:Kiwaian
1016:Kolopom
981:Somahai
478:Kiwaian
458:Kolopom
339:family
314:family
262:Moraori
223:Kiwaian
4600:Waboda
4595:Morigi
4585:Kerewo
4438:Smerki
4413:Mblafe
4401:Kánchá
4381:Komnzo
4179:BANZSL
4141:Yamana
4126:Trumai
4095:Movima
4049:Fulniô
4012:Aikanã
3926:Tupian
3821:Chonan
3745:Arauan
3683:Xincan
3635:Lencan
3588:Yokuts
3485:Yukian
3450:Tanoan
3445:Siouan
3428:Pomoan
3369:Coosan
3195:Mirndi
3088:Porome
3083:Pawaia
2937:Senagi
2909:Madang
2858:Eleman
2813:Border
2744:Nihali
2737:Minoan
2717:Hattic
2699:Basque
2670:Mijiic
2652:Digaro
2636:Uralic
2622:Turkic
2473:Europe
2330:Africa
2011:Purari
2004:Porome
1997:Pawaia
1990:Karami
1983:Kamula
1941:Oriomo
1936:Eleman
1775:Nukuma
1722:Maimai
1580:basin
1498:Massep
1477:Kembra
1463:Elseng
1422:Senagi
1360:Border
1111:Kutubu
1101:Bosavi
1076:Madang
1022:Marori
857:
847:
814:
632:*ŋa-na
529:gender
465:Marori
454:(TNG)
446:Oriomo
177:family
155:
149:
143:
137:
131:
125:
4590:Kiwai
4520:Other
4491:Nambo
4486:Namat
4468:Nambu
4443:Tamer
4408:Ránmo
4363:Tonda
4136:Warao
4105:Nukak
4076:Kunza
4054:Guató
4043:Cofán
4023:Camsá
3816:Choco
3777:Boran
3726:South
3707:Huave
3642:Mayan
3593:Yuchi
3576:Washo
3526:Karuk
3521:Haida
3460:Utian
3392:Keres
3329:Alsea
3322:Algic
3307:North
3099:Taiap
3093:Sulka
2948:Sepik
2863:Engan
2604:Ongan
2587:Nivkh
2455:Shabo
2438:Jalaa
2432:Hadza
2386:Mande
2106:Sulka
1883:Grass
1754:Sepik
1732:Palei
1727:Wapei
1680:Tayap
1649:Piawi
1631:Walio
1597:Sepik
1574:Sepik
1526:Yetfa
1512:Molof
1505:Mawes
1491:Kimki
1441:Yapen
1426:Angor
1412:Kaure
1151:Dagan
1141:Angan
992:Papua
942:Papua
502:Ipiko
495:Tirio
237:Tirio
4580:Bami
4506:Namo
4496:Neme
4481:Nama
4433:Rema
4396:Kémä
4391:Wérè
4386:Wára
4376:Anta
4311:bold
4238:See
4174:Arab
4160:Sign
4111:Páez
4088:Maku
4082:Leco
3598:Zuni
3582:Yana
3536:Seri
3293:Tiwi
3113:Wiru
3078:Mpur
3068:Kuot
3051:Anêm
3046:Abun
3013:Yuat
3008:Yawa
2954:Skou
2931:Ramu
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