133:
26:
301:
workshops, masterclasses and lectures, as well as substantive research and publications, which were incorporated into the festival. Sonic Acts also evolved to explore expansive themes. The title of the 2010 edition of the festival, The
Poetics of Space, was derived from the English translation of the book La Poétique de l’Espace (1958) by the French philosopher
552:
redefine the city and articulate their personal identity through digital arts. Murmansk
Prospekt unfolded through three research labs stimulating knowledge exchange between emerging Dutch and Russian artists and thinkers, and resulted in commissioned collaborative works, public presentations in Murmansk and Amsterdam and an online platform.
543:, was curated by Sonic Acts in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Kontraste presented sonic and audiovisual experiments, contemporary music and related art forms in a thematic, historical and interdisciplinary context. The programme offered unconventional concerts, live performances, installations, lectures, screenings and presentations.
352:
359:
In 2017, Sonic Acts continued the festival’s gradual change in perspective, exploring what it means to be human against the backdrop of the
Anthropocene and the rapidly changing relationship between humans and machines. Titled The Noise of Being, the seventeenth edition of the festival was visited by
580:
Soundsweird.org was the result of a two-year collaborative educational project, Sound
Experiments – New Approaches to Non-Formal Music Learning, by three European organisations active in the fields of experimental music and sound art, as well as youth education. Developed in collaboration with Sonic
291:
Between 2006 and 2010, the link between art, science and technology was developed and the symposium grew. In 2008, the twelfth edition of the festival promised a comprehensive overview of the cinematic experience, proposing that “recent technological developments in digitalisation, higher definition
140:
The biennial festival takes place every two years in a variety of locations in and around
Amsterdam. From a small festival, it has grown into a platform for the research, development and presentation of cutting-edge art, science, music and technology, with a large well-attended festival for over 20
501:
Living Earth was a collaboration between Sonic Acts, Fridaymilk, Hilde Methi and several
Norwegian and Russian partner organisations that was conceived as a follow-up to the successful Dark Ecology project. Living Earth involved tailored presentations and new adaptations of previously commissioned
165:
and interdisciplinary art forms. The festival was initially organised on a yearly basis in
Paradiso, a music venue that had become synonymous with counterculture. In the early years of Sonic Acts, increasing attention was given to demonstrations and workshops, as the festival broadened in scope to
69:
is an interdisciplinary arts organisation for the research, development and production of works at the intersection of art, science and theory. Sonic Acts is also a leading platform for international projects, research and the commissioning and co-production of new artworks, often working together
451:
In 2016 Sonic Acts launched Sonic Acts
Academy, a new platform that aims to grow, expand, sustain and disseminate stimulating discourse about artistic research. Its first edition took place from 26 to 28 February at various locations in Amsterdam. Sonic Acts Academy is presented as an exploratory
551:
Murmansk
Prospekt was a collaboration between Sonic Acts and Fridaymilk exploring the ways that artistic and speculative research can reveal the hidden histories and lost identities of the city of Murmansk. The project sought to enable current and future generations of citizens to re-imagine and
404:
wrote that the festival “kept its audience shifting, rotating, and reversing around the normalised ideas we all share”. The latest edition of Sonic Acts
Festival was held under the name HEREAFTER in 2019 and focused on the current crisis and challenges confronted on a daily basis as well as the
300:
From 2010, Sonic Acts began to fulfil more functions as an organisation and expanded its activities through international collaborations, organising large-scale projects such as the Kontraste festival in Austria and the international research project Dark Ecology. This led to new commissions,
522:
Vertical Cinema is a series of ten newly commissioned large-scale, site-specific works by experimental filmmakers and audiovisual artists, which are presented on 35 mm celluloid and projected vertically with a custom-built projector in vertical cinemascope. The 90-minute program premiered at
212:
and their historical contexts. Under the name Sonic Light, the ninth edition of Sonic Acts was devoted to the art of composed light: “the shaping in time of light and colour in a way which is comparable to the way sound is shaped into music”. The festival featured projections by the late
437:
Sonic Acts has grown into an organisation that is active throughout the year, producing and presenting work both in the Netherlands and abroad. Recent projects include the three-year art, research & commissioning project Dark Ecology, predominantly taking place in the
442:
region, and its globally touring program Vertical Cinema. Sonic Acts has developed into a hub for an international network of artists, curators and specialists, focusing on future developments as well as the rich histories of art, science and technology.
120:
More recently, Sonic Acts organises the biennial Sonic Acts Academy, which alternates each year with the festival. The Academy is a new platform that aims to grow, expand, sustain and disseminate stimulating discourse about artistic research.
485:-based curator Hilde Methi, and in collaboration with Norwegian and Russian partners. Dark Ecology unfolded through research, the creation of new artworks, and a public program that was presented on both sides of the border between
117:. Each festival edition explores the chosen theme by means of an international conference, a wide range of concerts and performances, exhibitions and screenings, and embraces a broad spectrum of fields, practices and disciplines.
581:
Acts, KONTEJNER and A4 affiliated artists and musicians, the platform contains six free workshop manuals, each promoting listening, mutual sound research and co-creation. The project was realised through the support of the EU’s
452:
event with a symposium, film screenings, concerts, installations, masterclasses and workshops. The most recent edition of Sonic Acts Academy was held from 21 to 23 February 2020 with artists and speakers including
77:
with a strong focus on contemporary and historical developments at the intersections of art, technology, music and science. The festival has invited many well-known artists and musicians such as the
141:
years. The festival comprises a varying programme of concerts, a multi-day international conference, an extensive film programme, masterclasses, workshops, an exhibition and site-specific work.
185:, among others. In the following years, the festival continued to present new genres of electronic music that were emerging in the early 1990s, with performances by pioneering acts including
221:, as well as Dutch artist Joost Rekveld, who presented a history of abstract animation and light art. Sonic Light also featured renowned and emerging sound artists such as American composer
197:
The festival was held in August each year until 1999, when it took place from 20 to 23 December. This year also marked enlargement of the festival, with a four-hour boat trip along the
124:
From 2 February to 24 March 2024, Sonic Acts marks its 30th anniversary, celebrating thirty years of innovative audio-visual and performative art at various locations across Amsterdam.
328:, among others, and new works were presented by artists such as Matthijs Munnik, Yamila Rios and Joris Strijbos. With 2015’s The Geologic Imagination, Sonic Acts shifted its focus to
201:
to various indoor and outdoor locations in addition to Paradiso. For the first time the festival had a connecting theme, as participating artists took the music of Italian composer
568:, the project involves artistic residencies, commissions, workshops and symposia. In February 2023 Re-Imagine Europe received renewed support from Creative Europe for its project
493:
in 2014, 2015 and 2016. The program included lectures, presentations of newly commissioned artworks, guided walks, a discursive program, concert evenings and a workshop.
292:
imagery and sound, ever-faster communication networks and new types of portable video players make it necessary to re-address the question of what cinema actually is".
284:. The following edition, titled The Anthology of Computer Art, was held from 23 to 26 February 2006 in Paradiso and De Balie. The festival focussed on the history of
288:
and described itself as “a tribute to the work of the early pioneers”. A DVD and a book exploring the theme were published to coincide with the festival.
1117:
572:, aiming to equip and empower young Europeans through artistic practices to better withstand societal challenges triggered by rapid climate change.
560:
In May 2017, Sonic Acts announced Re-Imagine Europe. Re-Imagine Europe is a four-year project presented by ten cultural organisations from across
73:
Founded in 1994 to present new developments in electronic and digital art forms, Sonic Acts has gained prominence with its biennial international
70:
with local and international partner organisations such as independent and institutional cultural incubators, universities and kindred festivals.
1342:
240:
In 2004, Sonic Acts held its tenth edition of the festival. Titled Unsorted, the festival explored emerging art forms that were rooted in the
1337:
1347:
734:
524:
776:
527:. A further four Vertical Cinema films were commissioned for the 2017 edition of Sonic Acts Festival, The Noise of Being.
748:
706:
1163:
1103:
961:
1357:
114:
158:
154:
1191:
1149:
790:
1121:
1135:
502:
works, as well as workshops and discussions across Scandinavia and Russia, including at Inversia Festival in
205:
as a starting point for their work. Since 2001 each edition of the festival has been named after its theme.
226:
1352:
564:, with an aim to respond to the social and political challenges currently facing the continent. Funded by
257:
1219:
132:
1089:
804:
481:
Dark Ecology was a three-year art, research and commissioning project, initiated by Sonic Acts and
305:, while the 2012 edition offered “an intense experience of time” under the title Travelling Time.
78:
332:. The starting point for the festival was the thesis that we live in a new geological epoch: the
891:
720:
523:
Kontraste Dark As Light Festival 2013 and had its international premiere on 24 January 2014 at
396:, Lukas Marxt, and BJ Nilsen & Karl Lemieux. The Noise of Being received positive reviews.
308:
In 2013, Sonic Acts addressed the theme of The Dark Universe, as inspiration was sought from
1233:
1177:
877:
249:
150:
405:
consequences they cause. The festival hosted more than 120 artists and speakers including
8:
935:
341:
317:
241:
106:
1205:
905:
536:
400:
described the festival as “triggering the imagination necessary for an urgent debate”.
373:
202:
1261:
678:
397:
389:
325:
975:
166:
focus on the theoretical as well as the practical aspects of artistic developments.
1247:
849:
818:
406:
302:
281:
222:
214:
162:
86:
565:
426:
377:
234:
174:
865:
835:
465:
418:
414:
410:
401:
392:. The opening night featured four new Vertical Cinema films by Susan Schuppli,
345:
261:
198:
178:
110:
102:
90:
25:
169:
In 1995, Sonic Acts began to introduce new forms of electronic music, such as
1331:
1017:
1003:
457:
453:
337:
321:
186:
98:
94:
422:
385:
361:
351:
333:
285:
277:
245:
218:
209:
182:
1042:
369:
265:
40:
177:, as the festival featured performances by English electronic musician
762:
582:
309:
269:
253:
230:
170:
36:
511:
503:
482:
461:
393:
365:
82:
74:
692:
922:
540:
313:
273:
1066:
1055:
561:
490:
486:
439:
136:
Entrance of Sonic Acts Festival 2015 at Muziekgebouw aan 't IJ
1030:
989:
947:
329:
1313:
58:
1077:
507:
381:
360:
10,625 people. Participating artists and speakers included
244:. Particular attention was paid to artists from the labels
208:
In the early to mid 2000s, Sonic Acts shifted its focus to
1296:
1090:"Nettime [Sonic Acts] Sonic Light 2003 programme"
1279:
763:"Sonic Light 2003: composing light, articulating space"
735:"Paradiso wordt omgetoverd in audiovisueel spookhuis"
805:"Sonic Light 2003 composed light, articulated space"
791:"Introduction to the life and work of Joost Rekveld"
749:"Grensfestival Sonic Acts treedt buiten de oevers"
707:"Pop en serieuze muziek in harmonie op Sonic Acts"
535:Kontraste, a music and art festival in and around
355:Sonic Acts Festival 2015 at Muziekgebouw aan 't IJ
192:
1329:
344:, as well as work by artists Raviv Ganchrow and
836:"Sonic Acts XI - The Anthology of Computer Art"
348:. The festival attracted nearly 9500 visitors.
336:. It featured lectures by American philosopher
295:
93:, as well as theorists and scientists such as
936:Sonic Acts Festival 2017 - The Noise of Being
161:) to provide a stage for new developments in
923:"Sonic Acts 2015 - The Geologic Imagination"
850:"Sonic Acts XII - The Cinematic Experience"
1248:"Sonic Acts | Biennial/Biennial-2022"
144:
962:"Opening Sonic Acts Festival at Paradiso"
316:. Lectures were given by Dutch physicist
693:"ArtScience celebrates 25th anniversary"
350:
131:
432:
1343:1994 establishments in the Netherlands
1330:
866:Sonic Acts XIII - The Poetics of Space
127:
1118:"NRC CS: Sonic Acts, beeld en ruimte"
525:International Film Festival Rotterdam
446:
1338:Recurring events established in 1994
624:2006 - The Anthology of Computer Art
555:
546:
906:"Sonic Acts XV - The Dark Universe"
256:scene. Performing artists included
13:
517:
149:Sonic Acts was founded in 1994 by
14:
1369:
1272:
878:"SONIC ACTS 2012 Travelling Time"
233:and Canadian electronic musician
153:and the ArtScience Interfaculty (
1348:Art festivals in the Netherlands
721:"Sonologisch verantwoorde house"
24:
1254:
1240:
1226:
1212:
1198:
1184:
1170:
1156:
1142:
1128:
1110:
1096:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1049:
1035:
1024:
1010:
996:
982:
968:
954:
940:
929:
915:
898:
884:
870:
859:
842:
828:
811:
797:
660:2024 - Sonic Acts Biennial 2024
657:2022 - Sonic Acts Biennial 2022
639:2015 - The Geologic Imagination
627:2008 - The Cinematic Experience
496:
476:
193:Turn of the century (1999–2009)
159:Royal Conservatory of The Hague
155:Royal Academy of Art, The Hague
783:
769:
755:
741:
727:
713:
699:
685:
671:
654:2020 - Sonic Acts Academy 2020
648:2018 - Sonic Acts Academy 2018
642:2016 - Sonic Acts Academy 2016
615:2001 - Point Pixel Programming
575:
189:and English IDM duo Autechre.
1:
1067:https://re-imagine-europe.eu/
1056:https://murmanskprospekt.net/
990:"Sonic Acts 2019 - HEREAFTER"
664:
530:
7:
1234:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
1220:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
1206:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
1192:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
1178:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
1164:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
1150:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
1136:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
1104:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
1043:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
1018:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
1004:"Sonic Acts | Archive"
630:2010 - The Poetics of Space
588:
570:New Perspectives for Action
471:
296:Recent years (2010–present)
258:Carl Michael von Hausswolff
10:
1374:
1262:"Sonic Acts | Agenda"
1120:(in Dutch). Archived from
1031:http://verticalcinema.org/
892:"Theme: The Dark Universe"
723:(in Dutch). 9 August 1995.
679:"Sonic Acts | Agenda"
213:German-American filmmaker
645:2017 - The Noise of Being
59:http://www.sonicacts.com/
54:
46:
32:
23:
18:
1078:https://soundsweird.org/
819:"Unsorted, Sonic Acts X"
636:2013 - The Dark Universe
1358:New media art festivals
324:and American architect
225:, avant-garde musician
181:and ambient techno duo
145:Early years (1994–1998)
633:2012 - Travelling Time
356:
137:
600:1996 - Sonic Acts III
354:
135:
1316:. verticalcinema.org
609:1999 - Sonic Acts VI
603:1997 - Sonic Acts IV
597:1995 - Sonic Acts II
510:, and Terminal B in
433:Evolution and growth
340:and design theorist
229:, Japanese composer
217:and Japanese artist
1353:Events in Amsterdam
838:. 18 February 2006.
606:1998 - Sonic Acts V
594:1994 - Sonic Acts I
342:Benjamin H. Bratton
242:information society
128:Sonic Acts Festival
107:Benjamin H. Bratton
777:"SONIC LIGHT 2003"
618:2003 - Sonic Light
537:Krems an der Donau
447:Sonic Acts Academy
374:Kara-Lis Coverdale
357:
203:Claudio Monteverdi
138:
1314:"Vertical Cinema"
1299:. darkecology.net
948:"Sonic Acts 2017"
612:2000 - Sonic Acts
556:Re-Imagine Europe
547:Murmansk Prospekt
398:The Wire Magazine
390:Christina Vantzou
326:Keller Easterling
252:, as well as the
64:
63:
1365:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1000:
994:
993:
986:
980:
979:
978:. 15 March 2017.
976:"Crack Issue 74"
972:
966:
965:
958:
952:
951:
944:
938:
933:
927:
926:
919:
913:
912:
910:
902:
896:
895:
888:
882:
881:
874:
868:
863:
857:
856:
854:
846:
840:
839:
832:
826:
825:
823:
815:
809:
808:
801:
795:
794:
787:
781:
780:
773:
767:
766:
759:
753:
752:
745:
739:
738:
731:
725:
724:
717:
711:
710:
703:
697:
696:
689:
683:
682:
675:
651:2019 - HEREAFTER
407:Beatriz Ferreyra
303:Gaston Bachelard
223:Maryanne Amacher
215:Oskar Fischinger
163:electronic music
87:Pauline Oliveros
28:
16:
15:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1282:. sonicacts.com
1278:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1001:
997:
988:
987:
983:
974:
973:
969:
960:
959:
955:
946:
945:
941:
934:
930:
921:
920:
916:
908:
904:
903:
899:
890:
889:
885:
876:
875:
871:
864:
860:
852:
848:
847:
843:
834:
833:
829:
821:
817:
816:
812:
803:
802:
798:
789:
788:
784:
775:
774:
770:
761:
760:
756:
747:
746:
742:
733:
732:
728:
719:
718:
714:
705:
704:
700:
691:
690:
686:
677:
676:
672:
667:
621:2004 - Unsorted
591:
578:
566:Creative Europe
558:
549:
533:
520:
518:Vertical Cinema
499:
479:
474:
449:
435:
427:Ulrike Ottinger
378:Jennifer Walshe
318:Gerard ’t Hooft
298:
235:Venetian Snares
227:Francisco LĂłpez
195:
147:
130:
12:
11:
5:
1371:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1326:
1325:
1309:
1308:
1297:"Dark Ecology"
1292:
1291:
1274:
1273:External links
1271:
1268:
1267:
1253:
1239:
1225:
1211:
1197:
1183:
1169:
1155:
1141:
1127:
1124:on 2011-12-27.
1109:
1095:
1081:
1070:
1059:
1048:
1034:
1023:
1009:
995:
981:
967:
953:
939:
928:
914:
897:
883:
869:
858:
841:
827:
810:
796:
782:
768:
754:
740:
726:
712:
698:
684:
669:
668:
666:
663:
662:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
590:
587:
577:
574:
557:
554:
548:
545:
532:
529:
519:
516:
498:
495:
478:
475:
473:
470:
466:Terike Haapoja
448:
445:
434:
431:
419:Rosi Braidotti
415:Straub-Huillet
411:Timothy Morton
402:Crack Magazine
346:Jananne Al-Ani
320:, sociologist
297:
294:
262:Jon Wozencroft
194:
191:
179:Mike Paradinas
146:
143:
129:
126:
111:Raphael Bousso
103:Timothy Morton
91:Florian Hecker
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
50:1994 – present
48:
44:
43:
34:
30:
29:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1370:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1263:
1257:
1249:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1221:
1215:
1207:
1201:
1193:
1187:
1179:
1173:
1165:
1159:
1151:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1105:
1099:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1005:
999:
991:
985:
977:
971:
963:
957:
949:
943:
937:
932:
924:
918:
907:
901:
893:
887:
879:
873:
867:
862:
851:
845:
837:
831:
820:
814:
806:
800:
792:
786:
778:
772:
764:
758:
750:
744:
736:
730:
722:
716:
708:
702:
694:
688:
680:
674:
670:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
592:
586:
584:
573:
571:
567:
563:
553:
544:
542:
538:
528:
526:
515:
513:
509:
505:
494:
492:
488:
484:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:Holly Herndon
444:
441:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
353:
349:
347:
343:
339:
338:Graham Harman
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:Saskia Sassen
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
293:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
206:
204:
200:
190:
188:
187:Robin Rimbaud
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
142:
134:
125:
122:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:Saskia Sassen
96:
95:Graham Harman
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
68:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
35:
31:
27:
22:
17:
1318:. Retrieved
1301:. Retrieved
1284:. Retrieved
1280:"Sonic Acts"
1256:
1242:
1228:
1214:
1200:
1186:
1172:
1158:
1144:
1130:
1122:the original
1112:
1098:
1084:
1073:
1062:
1051:
1037:
1026:
1012:
998:
984:
970:
956:
942:
931:
917:
900:
886:
872:
861:
844:
830:
813:
799:
785:
771:
757:
743:
729:
715:
701:
687:
673:
579:
569:
559:
550:
534:
521:
500:
497:Living Earth
480:
477:Dark Ecology
450:
436:
423:Sondra Perry
386:Evian Christ
362:Eyal Weizman
358:
334:Anthropocene
330:planet Earth
307:
299:
290:
286:computer art
278:Chris Watson
246:Raster-Noton
239:
219:Yasunao Tone
210:digital arts
207:
196:
168:
148:
139:
123:
119:
115:George Dyson
72:
66:
65:
47:Years active
751:(in Dutch).
737:(in Dutch).
709:(in Dutch).
585:programme.
576:Soundsweird
462:T. J. Demos
370:Roly Porter
266:Philip Jeck
41:Netherlands
33:Location(s)
1332:Categories
1320:2017-06-28
1303:2017-06-28
1286:2015-11-02
665:References
506:, SALT in
67:Sonic Acts
19:Sonic Acts
531:Kontraste
310:cosmology
270:BJ Nilsen
254:breakcore
231:Ikue Mori
37:Amsterdam
589:Editions
583:Erasmus+
512:Kirkenes
504:Murmansk
483:Kirkenes
472:Projects
394:HC Gilje
366:JK Flesh
151:Paradiso
83:Autechre
79:Vasulkas
75:festival
541:Austria
314:physics
282:Sickboy
274:Fennesz
175:electro
55:Website
562:Europe
491:Russia
487:Norway
464:, and
458:No Bra
440:Arctic
157:, and
113:, and
89:, and
909:(PDF)
853:(PDF)
822:(PDF)
250:Touch
183:Plaid
508:Oslo
489:and
425:and
388:and
382:Le1f
312:and
280:and
248:and
173:and
171:IDM
1334::
539:,
514:.
468:.
460:,
456:,
429:.
421:,
417:,
413:,
409:,
384:,
380:,
376:,
372:,
368:,
364:,
276:,
272:,
268:,
264:,
260:,
237:.
199:IJ
109:,
105:,
101:,
97:,
85:,
81:,
39:,
1323:.
1306:.
1289:.
1264:.
1250:.
1236:.
1222:.
1208:.
1194:.
1180:.
1166:.
1152:.
1138:.
1106:.
1092:.
1045:.
1020:.
1006:.
992:.
964:.
950:.
925:.
911:.
894:.
880:.
855:.
824:.
807:.
793:.
779:.
765:.
695:.
681:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.