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i.e., from Greece, and they are archaeologically documented as having been cut from Greek marble. A small number of Roman examples of similar columns are known. All that can firmly be said is that they are early and, because they have no
Christian iconography in the carving and their early date
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After 1660, such twist-turned columns became a familiar feature in the legs of French, Dutch and
English furniture, and on the glazed doors that protected the dials of late 17th- and early 18th-century bracket and longcase clocks. English collectors and dealers sometimes call these twist-turned
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Some of these columns remained on the altar until the old structure of St. Peter's was torn down in the 16th century. While removed from the altar, eight of these columns remain part of the structure of St. Peter's. Two columns were placed below the
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196:, destroyed in 70 AD. These columns, now considered to have been made in the 2nd century AD, became known as "Solomonic". In actuality, the columns probably came from neither temple. Constantine is recorded as having brought them
134:
At right, two of the
Solomonic columns brought to Rome by Constantine, in their present-day location on a pier in St. Peter's Basilica. In the foreground at left is part of Bernini's Baldacchino, inspired by the original
201:(before the construction of elaborate churches), are presumably reused from some non-church building. The columns have distinct sections that alternate from ridged to smooth with sculpted grape leaves.
419:, being the only exterior example found by Robert Durman, and was still rare in English interior design, an example noted by Durman is the funerary monument for Helena, Lady Gorges (died 1635) at
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and
Solomonic columns appear in the architecture of his paintings with such consistency and in such variety that Anthony Blunt thought it would be pointless to give a complete list.
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beneath the dome. Another column can now be observed up close in the St. Peter's
Treasury Museum. Other columns from this set of twelve have been lost over the course of time.
231:. In Romanesque architecture some columns also featured spiraling elements twisted round each other like hawser. Such variety adding life to an arcade is combined with
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of the twisting columns, or made of metal, such as gilt bronze. In an ecclesiastical context such ornament may be read as symbolic of the wine used in the
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spiralling inlays in the cloister of St. John
Lateran. These arcades were prominent in Rome and may have influenced the baroque Solomonic column.
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at the Louvre and in some Roman altars, such as one in Santo
Spirito in Sassia, but their full-scale use in actual architecture was rare:
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shaft gives energy and dynamism to the traditional column form which fits these qualities that are characteristically
Baroque.
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band of low-reliefs depicting Trajan's military might in battle, the twisted column is known to be an eastern motif taken into
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employed a version as half-columns decoratively superimposed against a wall in the
Cortile della Cavallerizza of the
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in Rome, were probably important in the wide diffusion of the style. The first were relatively small, and given by
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184:'s workshop, shows these columns in their original location. According to tradition, these columns came from the "
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shows St. Peter's
Solomonic columns in their original location in front of the altar in the old basilica
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763:, oil sketch for tapestry, ca. 1626, for a tapestry at the Convent of the Descalzas Reales, Madrid
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Solomonic columns applied with gilded vines on a side altar in former Jesuits' church in
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The so-called Ludovisi column, a possible forebear dated on stylistic grounds to the
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Ward-Perkins, J. (1952). "The shrine of St. Peter's and its twelve spiral columns".
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and decoration. Twist-fluted columns were a feature of some eastern architecture of
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at about the same time as Bernini was making his new columns, and from Spain to
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for a tapestry of Peter healing the lame man (Acts 3). The Solomonic columns in
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design of a candlestick in form of an Ionic Solomonic column, circa 1530-1546
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During the succeeding century, Solomonic columns were commonly used in
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in the 4th century. These were soon believed to have come from the
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twists" after the type of sweet traditionally sold in this shape.
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Solomonic columns and other fanciful variants in the cloister of
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Easily the best-known Solomonic columns are the colossal bronze
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From Byzantine examples, the Solomonic column passed to Western
192:, built in the 10th century BC and destroyed in 586 BC, not the
64:. But it may be crowned with any design, for example, making a
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was often used in churches as an indispensable element of the
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Blunt, Anthony (September 1977). "Rubens and Architecture".
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Raphael and workshop, "Healing of the Lame Man," one of the
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1953:
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employed Solomonic columns in tapestry designs, ca 1626
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brought a set of columns to Rome and gave them to the
45:, characterized by a spiraling twisting shaft like a
570:, in which appears a pair of Solomonic columns with
744:
Two of the columns as presently used in St. Peter's
691:
Italian Architecture from Michelangelo to Borromini
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used as models for the columns of the Jewish Temple
729:. Vol. 119, no. 894. pp. 609–619 .
251:The Solomonic column was revived as a feature of
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411:style. The design was most infrequently used in
324:depicted these columns in his tapestry cartoon
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247:Bernini's baldacchino in St. Peter's Basilica.
99:, hence the style's naming after the biblical
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326:The Healing of the Lame at the Beautiful Gate
216:If these columns really were from one of the
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355:Solomonic Columns on the Baroque façade of
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546:Renaissance door to the staircase of the
415:, the south porch of St Mary the Virgin,
377:for the columns as Raphael had done, and
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188:", even though Solomon's temple was the
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664:"Spiral Columns in Salisbury Cathedral"
357:Basilica of Nuestra Señora de la Merced
114:
49:. It is not associated with a specific
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484:Pompey in the Temple of Jerusalem by
373:, where he provided a variant of an
610:Craven, Jackie (December 1, 2017).
13:
662:Durman, Richard (September 2002).
516:Papal throne from the cloister of
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395:. The Solomonic column spread to
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170:for reuse in the high altar and
139:Unlike the classical example of
694:. Thames & Hudson. p.
103:. The second set are those of
2262:Baroque architectural features
681:
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384:The columns became popular in
53:, although most examples have
1:
1049:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
612:"What Is a Solomonic Column?"
596:
168:original St. Peter's Basilica
7:
2185:Magical Treatise of Solomon
1983:
754:, tapestry cartoon, 1515–16
673:(29): 26–35. Archived from
579:
403:in the Americas, where the
177:The Donation of Constantine
75:Perhaps originating in the
10:
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278:. The construction of the
79:, it is a feature of Late
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2178:The Lesser Key of Solomon
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688:Hopkins, Andrew (2002).
642:Journal of Roman Studies
16:Spiraling type of column
2272:Columns and entablature
814:History of construction
798:History of architecture
751:Healing of the Lame Man
727:The Burlington Magazine
502:Donation of Constantine
239:In Baroque architecture
229:Romanesque architecture
109:St. Peter's Baldacchino
83:, which was revived in
23:Renaissance gateway in
809:Architectural timeline
760:The Gathering of Manna
423:perhaps the sole use.
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346:Palazzo Ducale, Mantua
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153:Byzantine architecture
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1351:America and Australia
971:Medieval Scandinavian
500:Raphael's workshop's
470:St John Lateran, Rome
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164:Constantine the Great
133:
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111:, finished in 1633.
93:Constantine the Great
22:
2210:King Solomon's Mines
2160:Testament of Solomon
2056:Judgement of Solomon
1593:Critical regionalism
554:(France), 1555-1556.
472:, early 13th century
320:In the 16th century
276:St. Peter's Basilica
253:Baroque architecture
218:Temples in Jerusalem
209:on each of the four
162:In the 4th century,
115:Etymology and origin
89:St. Peter's Basilica
85:Baroque architecture
2061:Solomon and Marcolf
1532:Stripped Classicism
1507:International style
1490:Rationalist-Fascist
1139:Portuguese Colonial
889:Pre-Islamic Persian
391:including southern
314:St Peter's Basilica
222:Ark of the Covenant
97:Temple in Jerusalem
36:barley-sugar column
2086:Valley of the ants
2030:Pharaoh's daughter
1767:Greco-Roman orders
1537:Postconstructivism
1480:Streamline Moderne
671:Ecclesiology Today
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180:, a painting from
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81:Roman architecture
72:solomonic column.
28:
2267:Orders of columns
2249:
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2155:Psalms of Solomon
2150:Prayer of Solomon
2131:Deuterocanonical
2081:Throne of Solomon
2018:Solomonic dynasty
1994:reputed relations
1951:
1950:
1881:Intercolumniation
1722:
1721:
705:978-0-500-20361-3
368:Peter Paul Rubens
264:Composite columns
186:Temple of Solomon
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2236:Sorcery (goetia)
2221:Solomonic column
2197:Related articles
2076:Solomon's Temple
2071:Solomon's shamir
2066:Solomon in Islam
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1933:Solomonic column
1839:Related articles
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2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1906:Compound pier
1904:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Marian column
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Concatenation
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:New Classical
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1568:Structuralism
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1512:Functionalism
1510:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:Expressionism
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Liberty style
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:Neo-Manueline
1331:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:Monumentalism
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:Mediterranean
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:Romano-Gothic
1074:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
990:
982:
979:
978:
977:
974:
972:
969:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
937:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
909:
907:
903:
895:
892:
891:
890:
887:
883:
880:
878:
877:Ancient Roman
875:
873:
872:Ancient Greek
870:
869:
868:
865:
863:
860:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
827:
825:
821:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
803:
799:
792:
787:
785:
780:
778:
773:
772:
769:
762:
761:
756:
753:
752:
747:
745:
742:
741:
728:
721:
719:
711:
707:
701:
697:
693:
692:
684:
676:
672:
665:
658:
656:
647:
643:
636:
634:
632:
617:
613:
606:
602:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
573:
569:
562:
557:
553:
549:
542:
537:
533:
527:
522:
519:
512:
507:
503:
496:
491:
487:
480:
475:
471:
464:
459:
455:
451:
444:
439:
438:
432:
430:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
387:
382:
380:
376:
375:Ionic capital
372:
369:
363:built in 1614
362:
358:
353:
349:
347:
343:
342:Giulio Romano
339:
335:
331:
330:Anthony Blunt
327:
323:
315:
311:
306:
302:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
282:, actually a
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
254:
245:
236:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
202:
199:
195:
194:Second Temple
191:
187:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
132:
126:
121:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
71:
68:solomonic or
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
26:
21:
2220:
2208:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2105:Ecclesiastes
2006:Davidic line
1932:
1803:Other orders
1682:Mesoamerican
1629:Contemporary
1607:2000–present
1598:Neo-futurism
1578:Blobitecture
1405:Modern Style
1321:Neoclassical
1069:Indo-Islamic
1044:Great Seljuk
1029:Vijayanagara
923:East Slavic
837:Mesopotamian
759:
750:
726:
709:
690:
683:
675:the original
670:
645:
641:
619:. Retrieved
615:
605:
501:
486:Jean Fouquet
429:barley sugar
425:
404:
383:
366:
338:Circumcision
337:
334:Bagnocavallo
325:
319:
288:
261:
250:
226:
215:
203:
197:
190:First Temple
175:
161:
145:ancient Rome
138:
74:
35:
31:
29:
2141:Apocryphal
2049:Occurrences
1928:Robot order
1542:PWA Moderne
1428:Rationalism
1390:Art Nouveau
1378:Territorial
1358:Renaissance
1342:Queen Anne
1215:Elizabethan
1108:Plateresque
1103:Renaissance
1086:Sondergotik
981:Carolingian
927:Kievan Rus'
532:Renaissance
488:, 1470–1475
348:(1538-39).
272:Baldacchino
233:Cosmatesque
207:pendentives
66:Roman Doric
2256:Categories
2166:Grimoires
1992:Family and
1830:Superposed
1784:Corinthian
1758:and other
1699:Portuguese
1573:Postmodern
1522:Organicism
1410:Modernisme
1395:Jugendstil
1254:Revivalism
1242:Industrial
1225:Portuguese
999:Romanesque
894:Achaemenid
749:Raphael's
648:. p. 21ff.
621:2018-05-24
597:References
405:salomĂłnica
379:rusticated
198:de Grecias
172:presbytery
55:Corinthian
2120:Psalm 127
2013:Menelik I
1943:Waterleaf
1851:Colonnade
1794:Composite
1660:Dravidian
1619:Neomodern
1583:High-tech
1563:Brutalism
1556:1950–2000
1500:Stalinist
1433:Mycenaean
1421:1900–1950
1259:Byzantine
1235:Ukrainian
1220:Naryshkin
1185:Edwardian
1158:1750–1900
1129:Palladian
1124:Manueline
1117:1500–1750
992:1000–1500
932:Muscovite
919:Byzantine
867:Classical
855:Mycenaean
832:Neolithic
616:ThoughtCo
566:Print by
427:members "
421:Salisbury
299:Eucharist
280:baldachin
77:Near East
59:Composite
47:corkscrew
2115:Psalm 72
2110:Proverbs
2040:Rehoboam
1913:Pilaster
1876:Estipite
1846:Caryatid
1815:Ammonite
1672:Japanese
1650:Colonial
1638:Regional
1588:Arcology
1527:Art Deco
1517:Futurism
1460:De Stijl
1363:Romanian
1281:Egyptian
1276:Colonial
1230:Siberian
1040:Islamic
1009:Ottonian
1004:Galician
914:Sasanian
882:Herodian
862:Etruscan
758:Rubens'
580:See also
574:capitals
552:Toulouse
386:Catholic
284:ciborium
135:columns.
62:capitals
1985:Solomon
1923:Pulvino
1760:columns
1709:Spanish
1704:Russian
1645:Chinese
1465:Bauhaus
1368:Russian
1346:Britain
1328:Moorish
1311:Baroque
1301:Mission
1247:British
1210:Petrine
1205:Maltese
1200:Italian
1190:English
1165:Baroque
1064:Ottoman
1059:Timurid
1024:Hoysala
1020:Indian
959:Fatimid
954:Abbasid
949:Moorish
944:Umayyad
939:Islamic
846:Aegean
591:Solomon
435:Gallery
413:Britain
393:Germany
322:Raphael
295:cavetto
270:in his
268:Bernini
257:S-curve
182:Raphael
149:helical
105:Bernini
101:Solomon
40:helical
38:, is a
25:Granada
2025:Naamah
1918:Piloti
1810:Aeolic
1789:Tuscan
1714:Somali
1694:Newari
1677:Korean
1655:Indian
1547:Googie
1453:Cubism
1438:Modern
1338:Pueblo
1316:Rococo
1286:Gothic
1195:French
1170:Andean
1144:Mughal
1081:Gothic
1054:Mamluk
1014:Norman
850:Minoan
702:
454:Poland
450:Poznań
417:Oxford
389:Europe
328:, and
291:altars
43:column
2001:David
1825:Nonce
1820:Giant
1779:Ionic
1774:Doric
1665:Hindu
1383:Tudor
1291:Mayan
1180:Dutch
1175:Czech
1098:Aztec
1093:Incan
667:(PDF)
572:Ionic
397:Spain
211:piers
70:Ionic
1938:Stoa
1901:Pier
1687:Maya
1495:Nazi
1149:Sikh
700:ISBN
361:Lima
30:The
824:BCE
359:in
336:'s
274:at
266:by
143:of
107:'s
57:or
2258::
717:^
708:.
698:.
696:21
669:.
654:^
646:42
644:.
630:^
614:.
550:,
301:.
174:;
159:.
1977:e
1970:t
1963:v
1748:e
1741:t
1734:v
790:e
783:t
776:v
624:.
456:)
452:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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