1406:
1422:
281:
523:, since they are applied to differentiating between Asteraceae taxa. One school of Asteraceae taxonomy thought unites all taxa sharing similar floral head structure and subsequently ignores deviation from this morphology, while another places greater weight on these morphological deviations. The authors argue that the latter opinion should be applied. Since there is no theoretical foundation for relative taxonomic importance of traits, they assert that habit should be a central trait when defining taxa, and subsequently that all the subgroups considered in their study (
1325:
33:
1361:
1290:
1297:
1337:
59:
1377:
1389:
1349:
1313:
4652:
1081:
4640:
389:
1182:
way to make the rubber substitute from goldenrod, a plant weed commercially viable. Carver died in
January 1943, Ford in April 1947, but the relationship between their two institutions continued to flourish: As recently as the late 1990s, Ford awarded grants of $ 4 million over two years to the George Washington Carver School at Tuskegee.
356:); they are typically hairless. Heads usually include between 2 and 35 disc florets, but in some species this may go up to 60. Filaments are inserted closer to the base of the corolla than its middle. Numerous heads are usually grouped in complex compound inflorescences where heads are arranged in multiple
1157:
was deeply interested in the regenerative properties of soil and the potential of alternative crops such as peanuts and soybeans to produce plastics, paint, fuel and other products. Ford had long believed that the world would eventually need a substitute for gasoline, and supported the production of
1181:
and help him develop a synthetic rubber to help compensate for wartime rubber shortages. Carver arrived on July 19, 1942, and set up a laboratory in an old water works building in
Dearborn. He and Ford experimented with different crops, including sweet potatoes and dandelions, eventually devising a
772:
taxonomy and in elucidating the cytogeographic history of the genus. Similar chromosome counts may indicate close evolutionary relationships, while different chromosome numbers may suggest distant relationships through reproductive isolation. Chromosome counts have been studied extensively in North
518:
and the subgroups in terms of karyotype. However, external morphological characters such as habit, or the general appearance of the plant and how a suite of traits contribute to its phenotype; pappus size; and the point of freeing of stamen filaments from the corolla tube, are useful classification
752:
species has remained relatively stable, around 120, with approximately 80 in North
America. Due to monophyletic support for the New World taxa and taxonomic difficulties with Old World taxa, the taxonomy provided in the 1990s only includes North American taxa and thus treats
869:
species. As many as 104 species of butterflies and moths use it as a host plant for their larvae, and 42 species of bees are goldenrod specialists, visiting only goldenrod for food. Some lepidopteran larvae bore into plant tissues and form a bulbous tissue mass called a
1229:, non-clinical data shows diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and spasmolytic, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and immunomodulatory activity. However, as no single ingredient is responsible for these effects, the whole herbal preparation of
1185:
Extensive process development was conducted during World War II to commercialize goldenrod as a source of rubber. The rubber is only contained in the leaves, not the stems or blooms. Typical rubber content of the leaves is 7%. The resulting rubber is of low
1141:, which it contains naturally. Edison created a fertilization and cultivation process to maximize the rubber content in each plant. His experiments produced a 12 ft-tall (3.7 m) plant that yielded as much as 12% rubber. The tires on the
952:
by many in North
America, but they are seen as invasive plants in Europe, where British gardeners adopted goldenrod as a garden subject. Goldenrod began to gain some acceptance in U.S. gardening (other than wildflower gardening) during the 1980s.
3609:
1158:
ethanol (or grain alcohol) as an alternative fuel. In 1942, he would showcase a car with a lightweight plastic body made from soybeans. Ford and Carver began corresponding via letter in 1934, and their mutual admiration deepened after
311:(crawling) to ascending or erect, with a range of heights going from 5 cm (2.0 in) to over a meter. Most species are unbranched, but some do display branching in the upper part of the plant. Both leaves and stems vary from
513:
and related subgroups, the authors consider the subjectivity of classifying a genus and how to define it within broader tendencies concerning the taxonomy of North
American Asteraceae. Little to no differences were observed between
1170:, his history of Ford, the automaker donated generously to the Tuskegee Institute, helping finance Carver's experiments, and Carver in turn spent a period of time helping to oversee crops at the Ford plantation in Ways, Georgia.
928:
is too heavy and sticky to be blown far from the flowers, and is pollinated mainly by insects. Frequent handling of goldenrod and other flowers, however, can cause allergic reactions, sometimes irritating enough to force
844:
due to external morphological features such as similar pappus length as well as the same chromosome base (x=9). Information about chromosome number is still a crucial part of current understanding and phylogenies of
4544:
448:
is in the family
Asteraceae (formerly known as Compositae), a diverse and widespread clade containing approximately 23,000 species and 12 tribes, which inhabit all continents except Antarctica. Within Asteraceae,
4595:
558:
extensions, and midvein structure, among others in a suite of leaf traits, are incongruent with those in an earlier study. Based on the lack of bundle sheath extensions, it is suggested that
713:
as a genus was presented, providing a detailed description of distinguishing external morphological characters, such as fibrous-roots, sessile leaves, and mostly corymbiform inflorescences.
464:
species are herbaceous perennials, growing from approximately 2 cm to 2.5 m tall. Yellow to white, pistillate ray flowers and yellow, perfect disc florets are characteristic of
402:
The many goldenrod species can be difficult to distinguish, due to their similar bright, golden-yellow flower heads that bloom in late summer. Propagation is by wind-disseminated
3391:
Beck, James B.; Nesom, Guy L.; Calie, Patrick J.; Baird, Gary I.; Small, Randall L.; Schilling, Edward E. (2004). "Is
Subtribe Solidagininae (Asteraceae) Monophyletic?".
342:) but sometimes discoid (with only disc florets of mixed, sterile, male and types). Only ray florets are female, others are male, hermaphroditic or entire sterile. Head
1211:. Goldenrod is also used in some formulas for cleansing of the kidney or bladder during a healing fast, in conjunction with potassium broth and specific juices. Some
796:
complex, with tetraploids occurring in eastern North
America and hexaploids in Oregon and Washington, were observed. Cytogeographic patterns are also observed in the
4452:
1477:
2550:
4535:
4022:"SL345/SS548: Fertilizer Experimentation, Data Analyses, and Interpretation for Developing Fertilization Recommendations—Examples with Vegetable Crop Research"
2089:
1972:
1540:
2692:
2238:
2228:
1982:
472:, but there have been difficulties in parsing out evolutionary relationships at the sub-genus scale and defining which should be included and separated from
1644:
4495:
2463:
1654:
2322:
1674:
2280:
1845:
861:, and has been called the single most important plant for North American pollinator biodiversity. Goldenrod species are used as a food source by the
2208:
1519:
381:
to cylindrical in shape, and they are sometimes somewhat compressed. They have eight to 10 ribs usually and are hairless or moderately hispid. The
4122:
3718:
418:
and bloom in late summer and early fall. Some species produce abundant nectar when moisture is plentiful, or when the weather is warm and sunny.
172:
945:
is produced. While the bees are ripening the honey produced from goldenrods, it has a rank odour and taste; the finished honey is much milder.
4928:
674:, and the findings of Zhang (1996). More recently, an analysis of combined ITS and ETS data provided additional support for the inclusion of
4332:
885:
Goldenrods have become invasive species in many parts of the world outside their native range, including China, Japan, Europe and Africa.
788:
taxa with multiple cytotypes are more common than those with one. Although chromosome count is a useful metric for differentiating among
777:
species have a base chromosome number of x=9, but the following ploidy levels have been observed: 2x, 3x, 4x, 6x, 8x, 10x, 12x, and 14x.
4964:
3573:
4850:
4070:
4777:
468:
inflorescences, which have a wide range of shapes. Molecular studies using nuclear rDNA have hypothesized boundaries on the genus
319:(strigose, strigillose, hispid, stipitate-glandular or villous). In some species, the basal leaves are shed before flowering. The
4902:
4863:
4581:
Pliszko, Artur; Łazarski, Grzegorz; Kalinowski, Paweł; Adamowski, Wojciech; Rutkowski, Lucjan; Puchałka, Radosław (2017-12-20).
724:
Chromosome counts and advances in molecular systematics have enabled greater understanding of evolutionary relationships within
268:, including Mexico; a few species are native to South America and Eurasia. Some American species have also been introduced into
509:
at one point or another, but morphological evidence has suggested otherwise. In a study comparing morphological characters of
4312:
4106:
3891:
3857:
3776:
1212:
5077:
4907:
1024:
is less unruly, with pale yellow flowers, equally suitable for dried arrangements. Molecular and other evidence points to ×
4772:
4380:
4147:
1120:
3505:
Semple, John C.; Ringius, Gordon S.; Leeder, Colleen; Morton, Gary (1984-07-01). "Chromosome
Numbers of Goldenrods,
5039:
5018:
4933:
4889:
4982:
3644:
5013:
1102:
4915:
1405:
4046:
3734:
933:
to change occupation. Goldenrods are attractive sources of nectar for bees, flies, wasps, and butterflies.
905:
Young goldenrod leaves are edible. Traditionally, Native
Americans use the seeds of some species for food.
792:
taxa, it may be problematic due to the frequent variation in ploidy levels. Cytogeographic patterns in the
331:
rather than the pinnate venation usual across Asteraceae. The flower is also the state flower of Kentucky.
3591:
646:, similarly to Kapoor & Beaudry (1966). The first molecular phylogeny based on chloroplast DNA treats
4746:
4489:
3993:
3679:
1060:
428:
423:
4842:
4829:
3001:
2985:
2964:
5072:
4977:
1421:
4868:
3712:
5044:
4943:
4644:
4126:
1215:
cultures traditionally chew the leaves to relieve sore throats, and the roots to relieve toothaches.
1098:
555:
382:
58:
4521:
Skokanová, Katarína; Šingliarová, Barbora; Španiel, Stanislav; Hodálová, Iva; Mereďa, Pavol (2020).
3491:
3094:
and Related Genera (Asteraceae: Astereae) Based on Chloroplast DNA RFLP Analysis [microform]
948:
Goldenrods are, in some places, considered a sign of good luck or good fortune. They are considered
3968:
3471:"A Review of Chromosome Numbers in Asteraceae with Hypotheses on Chromosomal Base Number Evolution"
1174:
1159:
1150:
709:, and deviations in floral morphology present evidence for separation of these taxa. A taxonomy of
4344:
4250:
Melzig, M. F. (November 2004). "Goldenrod – a Classical Exponent in the Urological Phytotherapy".
889:, which was introduced as a garden plant in Central Europe, has become common in the wild, and in
4969:
4837:
4367:
2003:
1780:
1091:
411:
280:
4226:
4824:
4689:
3098:
2099:
2014:
1498:
1455:
937:
from goldenrods often is dark and strong because of admixtures of other nectars. However, when
693:
due to morphological similarities between species in both genera, and a history of synonymy of
328:
264:
species found in open areas such as meadows, prairies, and savannas. They are mostly native to
3766:
3847:
3478:
2648:
2452:
2332:
2197:
2121:
1633:
1561:
1341:
1329:
1064:
1030:
4956:
4785:
4531:(Asteraceae) in Europe and First Records from Three Countries Within the Carpathian Region"
4331:, European Medicines Agency Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use London, 4 September 2008
4098:
Wheels for the world : Henry Ford, his company, and a century of progress, 1903-2003 /
3522:
2517:
2079:
2058:
2047:
1887:
1812:
1748:
1614:
1381:
757:
as non-monophyletic. Existing molecular-based phylogenies provide monophyletic support for
3939:
3914:
3123:"An Intuitive Phylogeny and Summary of Chromosome Number Variation in the Goldenrod genus
8:
5082:
2593:
2539:
2528:
2495:
2259:
2187:
2128:– Rocky Mountain goldenrod, alpine goldenrod, northern goldenrod, manyray goldenrod
2069:
1992:
1908:
1877:
1866:
1823:
1737:
1726:
1625:
1529:
1444:
1398:
1301:
1036:
975:
798:
32:
4816:
3627:
Shealers, D. A.; et al. (July 1999). "Foraging patterns of Eastern gray squirrels (
3526:
1173:
By the time World War II began, Ford had made repeated journeys to Tuskegee to convince
374:
5026:
4727:
4656:
4418:
4283:
3825:
3805:
3656:
3554:
3546:
3408:
3213:
3062:
2877:
2659:
2615:
2604:
2560:
2441:
2420:
2398:
2376:
2290:
2270:
2176:
2143:
2025:
1855:
1801:
1716:
1684:
1604:
1487:
1466:
1414:
1360:
1353:
1225:
1199:
1178:
1005:
987:
808:
568:
338:
are usually of the radiate type (typical daisy flower heads with distinct ray and disc
316:
284:
198:
53:
41:
3749:
1289:
5067:
4951:
4759:
4618:
4604:
4558:
4308:
4275:
4267:
4123:"George Washington Carver Begins Experimental Project with Henry Ford – Jul 19, 1942"
4102:
3887:
3853:
3817:
3809:
3772:
3685:
3648:
3558:
3538:
3451:
3368:
3292:
3253:
3122:
2681:
2626:
2506:
2431:
2343:
2312:
2218:
1929:
1834:
1790:
1758:
1706:
1695:
1664:
1582:
1572:
1365:
1324:
460:
is monophyletic as indicated by morphological characters and molecular evidence. All
4668:
4287:
3829:
3752:
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Guide. University of Maryland Medical Center.
3660:
3470:
3088:
1600:– wreath goldenrod, axillary goldenrod, bluestem goldenrod, woodland goldenrod
350:
corollas are usually yellow, but white in the ray florets of a few species (such as
5031:
4608:
4548:
4259:
4206:
3801:
3640:
3530:
3443:
3400:
3360:
3205:
2571:
2484:
2473:
2354:
2301:
1919:
1897:
1550:
1515:– Atlantic goldenrod, forest goldenrod, toothed goldenrod, cut-leaf goldenrod
1427:
1187:
1163:
999:
981:
963:
942:
924:
sp.), blooming at the same time as the goldenrod and pollinated by wind. Goldenrod
894:
858:
352:
289:
4764:
4738:
4674:
4662:
4047:"George Washington Carver And Henry Ford Worked On Experimental Projects Together"
3792:
de Jong, N. W.; et al. (Feb 1998). "Occupational allergy caused by flowers".
1296:
882:. Woodpeckers are known to peck open the galls and eat the insects in the center.
4751:
4171:
3998:
3881:
3722:
2670:
2409:
2387:
2365:
2248:
2154:
2110:
2036:
1961:
1950:
1939:
1769:
1593:
1508:
1317:
993:
969:
875:
253:
96:
5005:
4920:
1336:
3513:(Compositae: Astereae). II. Additional Counts with Comments on Cytogeography".
2925:
2637:
2582:
2165:
1262:
1016:
have been selected, including several of hybrid origin. A putative hybrid with
415:
83:
4263:
4021:
5061:
4712:
4622:
4562:
4271:
3813:
3652:
3542:
3455:
3372:
3296:
3257:
2919:
2132:
1134:
1017:
878:
find these galls and lay eggs in the larvae, penetrating the bulb with their
265:
189:
4613:
4582:
4553:
4522:
4436:
4211:
4194:
3631:) on goldenrod gall insects, a potentially important winter food resource".
3192:
Anderson, Loran C.; Creech, Jessica B. (1975). "Comparative Leaf Anatomy of
3152:
812:, and diploids and tetraploids occurring in the Great Plains are treated as
4995:
4476:
4279:
4096:
3699:
3674:
1242:
1208:
1190:, resulting in an excessively tacky compound with poor tensile properties.
916:
in humans. The pollen causing this allergic reaction is produced mainly by
525:
312:
3821:
1841:– giant goldenrod, tall goldenrod, early goldenrod, smooth goldenrod
4876:
4721:
4305:
Holistic Woman's Herbal – How to Achieve Health and Well-Being at Any Age
2895:
1376:
1207:
to counter inflammation and irritation caused by bacterial infections or
866:
501:
434:
335:
320:
152:
3725:
Northern Rockies Natural History Guide. University of Montana, Missoula.
3066:
1388:
1223:
In various assessments by the European Medicines Agency with respect to
4855:
3550:
3412:
3217:
3030:
1348:
1312:
1246:
1154:
1146:
1105: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
938:
906:
879:
666:. Using consensus trees from ITS data, another study found support for
618:
is inconsistent based on these results. Both support the separation of
543:
257:
142:
3276:
3241:
554:
Results from a leaf anatomy study comparing differences in mesophyll,
4881:
4811:
4798:
2859:
1204:
1048:
930:
913:
586:
324:
308:
261:
132:
4683:
3534:
3447:
3404:
3364:
3209:
2172:– anise-scented goldenrod, sweet goldenrod, fragrant goldenrod
1080:
4990:
4706:
4651:
4520:
4172:"Extraction, Characterization, and Utilization of Goldenrod Rubber"
2889:
2871:
2865:
2308:– plumed goldenrod, plumose goldenrod, Yadkin River goldenrod
1278:
1270:
1254:
1250:
1013:
495:
489:
394:
162:
122:
109:
4803:
4580:
4195:"What Is Natural Rubber and Why Are We Searching for New Sources?"
3049:
Hood, Jennifer L.A.; Semple, John C. (2003). "Pappus Variation in
4894:
3426:
Cook, Rachel E.; Semple, John C. (2008-11-13). "Cytogeography of
2913:
2907:
2901:
2106:– Missouri goldenrod, prairie goldenrod, Tolmie's goldenrod
1274:
1142:
917:
890:
407:
378:
361:
304:
3610:"Keystone Native Plants Eastern Temperate Forests - Ecoregion 8"
2150:– gray goldenrod, dyersweed goldenrod, old-field goldenrod
4639:
2931:
1306:
1138:
925:
806:
have been observed east of the Great Plains and are treated as
388:
365:
357:
347:
339:
300:
269:
4790:
3764:
3740:
Native American Ethnobotany. University of Michigan, Dearborn.
820:
created an extensive debate due to frequency hybridization of
2883:
2857:
are now regarded as better suited to other genera, including
1765:– West Coast Canada goldenrod, Cascade Canada goldenrod
934:
862:
716:
642:, as based on taxonomic evidence, treats it as separate from
343:
70:
1233:
inflorescences must be considered as the active ingredient.
768:
Chromosome counts have proven to be a valuable character in
3645:
10.1674/0003-0031(1999)142[0102:FPOEGS]2.0.CO;2
2117:– velvety goldenrod, soft goldenrod, woolly goldenrod
1629:
L. – Canada goldenrod, Canadian goldenrod, common goldenrod
949:
897:
that displaces native vegetation from its natural habitat.
871:
453:
is in the tribe Astereae and the subtribe Solidagininaeae.
403:
4071:"Henry Ford, Charles Kettering and the fuel of the future"
1203:
is used in a traditional kidney tonic by practitioners of
3504:
4453:
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
4381:"Remember when: Camellia wasn't always our state flower"
3319:
Kapoor, B. M.; Beaudry, J. R. (1966-09-01). "Studies on
732:
was published, related taxa causing contention, such as
701:. As mentioned, the lack of bundle sheath extensions in
368:, or secund arrays (with florets all on the same side).
4516:
4514:
4512:
4471:
4469:
3242:"Subtribal Classification of the Astereae (Asteraceae)"
2139:– baby goldenrod, dwarf goldenrod, gray goldenrod
1702:– mountain decumbent goldenrod, Curtis' goldenrod
4431:
4429:
3879:
2655:– glandular wand goldenrod, hairy-seed goldenrod
2416:– wrinkleleaf goldenrod, rough-stemmed goldenrod
941:
is strong, a light (often water-clear), spicy-tasting
4576:
4574:
4572:
4509:
4466:
3974:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 98
3768:
Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World: Fra-Igu
3164:
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas
2339:– white flat-top goldenrod, upland white aster
1733:– elmleaf goldenrod, smooth elm-leaf goldenrod
1261:, tall goldenrod, was named the state wildflower of
874:
around it, upon which the larva then feeds. Various
323:
are most commonly entire, but often display heavier
4496:
Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International
4426:
3883:
Hardy Herbaceous Perennials: A–K ; Vol. 2, L–Z
3841:
3839:
3390:
1028:(at least the cultivar 'Lemore') being a hybrid of
4569:
4345:"Tall Goldenrod - South Carolina State Wildflower"
3873:
3760:
3758:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3090:A Molecular Biosystematic Study on North American
4227:"weakest rubber compounds: Topics by Science.gov"
3574:"Goldenrods: Top Plant for Boosting Biodiversity"
780:Though negligible differences in karyotype among
5059:
4174:. US Department of Agriculture. 9 September 1944
3852:. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 61–.
3845:
3836:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
2853:Numerous species formerly considered members of
2255:– roundleaf goldenrod, roughleaf goldenrod
4545:Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4400:
3755:
3626:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3224:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
2994:
2633:– threenerve goldenrod, velvety goldenrod
2459:– seaside goldenrod, salt-marsh goldenrod
748:, were excluded from this genus. The number of
4680:Astereae Lab. University of Waterloo (Canada).
3791:
3469:Semple, John; Watanabe, Kuniaki (2013-03-02).
3468:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3191:
3025:
3023:
2491: : Mt. Albert goldenrod, sticky goldenrod
912:Goldenrod often is inaccurately said to cause
4307:. Barnes & Noble, Inc. 1995. pp. 65, 96.
4249:
4192:
3318:
3137:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
2578:– wand goldenrod, willow-leaf goldenrod
2546:– Blue Ridge goldenrod, skunk goldenrod
2394:– rigid goldenrod, stiff-leaf goldenrod
1819:– zigzag goldenrod, broadleaf goldenrod
4397:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3264:
3174:
3157:cv. Lemore, a Hybrid Goldenrod (Asteraceae)"
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
1862:– clustered goldenrod, skunk goldenrod
1277:, but it was later rejected in favor of the
634:. A study reviews the taxonomic position of
479:
252:, is a genus of about 100 to 120 species of
3303:
3044:
3042:
3020:
1536:– eared goldenrod, clasping goldenrod
433:, and is dropped by flat-topped to rounded
346:are campanulate to cylindric or attenuate.
4299:
4297:
4193:Arias, Marina; Van Dijk, Peter J. (2019).
3675:"Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod)"
3425:
3105:
3048:
3032:The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
1776:– showy goldenrod, slender goldenrod
299:species are perennials growing from woody
31:
4612:
4552:
4210:
3379:
3353:Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology
3150:
3073:
2535:– autumn goldenrod, false goldenrod
2524:– Nevada goldenrod, basin goldenrod
1121:Learn how and when to remove this message
427:is sometimes treated as a separate genus
4596:Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales
4523:"Tracking the Expanding Distribution of
4368:State Seal, Song and Symbols of Delaware
4094:
3323:. Vii. the Taxonomic Status of the Taxa
3039:
2513:– showy goldenrod, noble goldenrod
1473:– Canada goldenrod, late goldenrod
1420:
1404:
1387:
1375:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1295:
1288:
1236:
1218:
387:
279:
16:Genus of plants in the family Asteraceae
4294:
3765:Marshall Cavendish Corporation (2001).
3571:
1193:
1137:experimented with goldenrod to produce
689:was largely considered to be a part of
576:should be distinct taxa and outside of
5060:
4378:
3572:Perkins, Deborah (23 September 2019).
3151:Schilling, E. E.; et al. (2008).
3120:
1503:López Laphitz, Rita María & Semple
1044:, but likely the "aster" in question.
900:
602:should be considered as components of
410:which can form colonies of vegetative
385:is very big with barbellate bristles.
4688:
4687:
3849:Legends and Lore of Texas Wildflowers
3771:. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 632–.
3700:"Solidago gigantea (Giant goldenrod)"
3580:. Natural Resources Council of Maine.
3239:
3086:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2611:– bog goldenrod, fall goldenrod
1162:made a visit to Michigan in 1937. As
956:
5019:2711cba5-e319-420f-8d2d-70688a687612
4944:ca0f4f1c-adbe-4bff-b4ce-81ad1876e362
4665:Andy's Northern Ontario Wildflowers.
2979:
2848:
2204:– Ouachita Mountains goldenrod
1273:. Goldenrod was the state flower of
1103:adding citations to reliable sources
1074:
327:. Some leaves may display trinerved
3592:"Goldenrod (Solidago) Is Trending!"
1494:– southern racemose goldenrod
1434:
909:are sometimes made with goldenrod.
487:Related Asteraceae genera, such as
414:of a single plant. They are mostly
13:
4983:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60436299-2
4044:
3806:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03872.x
2944:
2702:
1691:L. – Guadalupe Mountains goldenrod
1557:– white goldenrod, silverrod
717:Evolutionary relationships within
14:
5094:
4632:
4252:Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift
3880:Jelitto, L.; Schacht, W. (1995).
2644:– springflowering goldenrod
2032:– Cutler's alpine goldenrod
1070:
4650:
4638:
2043:– western Canada goldenrod
1711:(Kitagawa) Kitagawa ex Juzepczuk
1079:
606:. To summarize, the relation of
57:
4372:
4361:
4337:
4333:Doc. Ref. EMEA/HMPC/285759/2007
4317:
4243:
4219:
4186:
4164:
4140:
4115:
4088:
4063:
4038:
4014:
3986:
3961:
3932:
3907:
3785:
3743:
3728:
3706:
3692:
3667:
3633:The American Midland Naturalist
3620:
3616:. National Wildlife Federation.
3602:
3584:
3565:
3498:
3462:
3419:
2405:– Roan Mountain goldenrod
2372:– western rough goldenrod
2021:– Leavenworth's goldenrod
1149:were made from goldenrod. Like
1090:needs additional citations for
784:and related genera were found,
315:(hairless) to various forms of
2266:– downy ragged goldenrod
1460:C.E.S. Taylor & R.J.Taylor
1265:in 2003. The sweet goldenrod (
961:Cultivated goldenrods include
275:
272:and other parts of the world.
1:
3886:. Timber Press. p. 629.
3055:SIDA, Contributions to Botany
2938:
2337:(Torr. & A.Gray) B.Boivin
2202:C.E.S.Taylor & R.J.Taylor
1830:– Gattinger's goldenrod
1808:– pine-barren goldenrod
1462:– high plains goldenrod
4583:"An Updated distribution of
3010:(House) Semple & Gandhi"
1999:– lance-leaf goldenrod
1915:– Houghton's goldenrod
1913:Torr. & A.Gray ex A.Gray
1744:– Drummond's goldenrod
1284:
728:. At the time a taxonomy of
547:) should be segregated from
505:, have been included within
406:or by spreading underground
7:
5078:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
4490:Invasive Species Compendium
4419:The Plant List, search for
4323:European Medicines Agency,
3680:Invasive Species Compendium
3277:"The Taxonomy of the Genus
3121:Semple, John (2016-05-11).
2760:– limestone goldenrod
2600:– twistleaf goldenrod
2383:– Riddell's goldenrod
2065:– largeleaf goldenrod
2054:– Louisiana goldenrod
2010:– Elliott's goldenrod
1873:– Guirado's goldenrod
1589:– Buckley's goldenrod
1451:– whitehair goldenrod
1145:given to him by his friend
1061:Royal Horticultural Society
802:complex: hexaploids within
685:Until the 1980s, the genus
440:
10:
5099:
4379:Wilson, Sue (2016-05-07).
4148:"George Washington Carver"
4095:Brinkley, Douglas (2003).
3198:American Journal of Botany
2688:– Wright's goldenrod
2666:– European goldenrod
2589:– Atlantic goldenrod
2361:– Carolina goldenrod
857:Goldenrod is considered a
852:
816:. The taxonomic status of
4696:
4663:Goldenrod identification.
4437:"Updated Distribution of
4264:10.1007/s10354-004-0118-4
4199:Frontiers for Young Minds
4152:American Chemical Society
4127:History (U.S. TV channel)
3969:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
3846:Silverthorne, E. (2002).
3434:(Asteraceae: Astereae)".
3196:and Related Asteraceae".
3053:(Asteraceae: Astereae)".
2675:J.S.Pringle & Laureto
2622:– elmleaf goldenrod
2480:– Short's goldenrod
2448:– shadowy goldenrod
2297:– Small's goldenrod
1946:– Julia's goldenrod
1059:'Lemore' have gained the
307:. Their stems range from
204:
197:
54:Scientific classification
52:
39:
30:
23:
2677:– Voss's goldenrod
1968:– Kral's goldenrod
1175:George Washington Carver
1160:George Washington Carver
1151:George Washington Carver
4614:10.1515/cszma-2017-0026
4591:(Asteraceae) in Poland"
4554:10.3391/bir.2020.9.4.02
4385:The Andalusia Star-News
4212:10.3389/frym.2019.00100
3596:nurturenativenature.com
3153:"Molecular Analysis of
3127:(Asteraceae: Astereae)"
2567:– stout goldenrod
2502:– coast goldenrod
2350:– downy goldenrod
2161:– shiny goldenrod
2030:DC. in DC. &. A.DC.
2004:Solidago latissimifolia
1957:– early goldenrod
1904:– hairy goldenrod
1797:– gorge goldenrod
1781:Solidago ericamerioides
1638:Cockerell & Andrews
1568:– Dixie goldenrod
1269:) is the state herb of
832:. It was asserted that
814:Solidago gilvocanescens
761:given its inclusion of
392:Goldenrod and visiting
4547:Oy (REABIC): 670–684.
4451:. 03–2018 (2018/065).
4449:EPPO Reporting Service
4325:Aassessment Report on
3940:"RHS Plant Selector -
3915:"RHS Plant Selector -
3714:Solidago missouriensis
3486:Cite journal requires
3240:Nesom, Guy L. (1994).
3099:University of Waterloo
3087:Zhang, Jie J. (1996).
3014:Flora of North America
2973:Flora of North America
2427:– rock goldenrod
2183:– Ohio goldenrod
2100:Solidago missouriensis
2015:Solidago leavenworthii
1640:L. – Capulin goldenrod
1621:- California goldenrod
1499:Solidago argentinensis
1492:B.R. Keener & Kral
1478:Solidago amplexicaulis
1456:Solidago altiplanities
1431:
1418:
1402:
1385:
1373:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1293:
840:rather than the genus
836:should be united with
399:
293:
260:. Most are herbaceous
4075:Environmental history
3716:, Missouri goldenrod.
2649:Solidago villosicarpa
2551:Solidago spiraeifolia
2453:Solidago sempervirens
2333:Solidago ptarmicoides
2198:Solidago ouachitensis
2122:Solidago multiradiata
1634:Solidago capulinensis
1562:Solidago brachyphylla
1424:
1412:sp. with digger wasp
1408:
1391:
1379:
1363:
1351:
1342:Solidago ptarmicoides
1339:
1330:Solidago multiradiata
1327:
1315:
1299:
1292:
1241:The goldenrod is the
1237:Cultural significance
1219:Medicinal exploration
1065:Award of Garden Merit
1031:Solidago ptarmicoides
818:Solidago ptarmicoides
699:Euthamia graminifolia
391:
283:
4671:Ontario Wildflowers.
4647:at Wikimedia Commons
4536:BioInvasions Records
4303:Campion, K. (1995).
3629:Sciurus carolinensis
2518:Solidago spectabilis
2090:Solidago minutissima
2080:Solidago microglossa
2059:Solidago macrophylla
2048:Solidago ludoviciana
1973:Solidago kuhistanica
1888:Solidago hintoniorum
1813:Solidago flexicaulis
1749:Solidago durangensis
1615:Solidago californica
1541:Solidago bartramiana
1382:Solidago spectabilis
1194:Traditional medicine
1168:Wheels for the World
1099:improve this article
1040:, the former now in
824:with members of the
4002:. December 16, 1929
3598:. 29 December 2020.
3527:1984Britt..36..280S
2693:Solidago yokusaiana
2594:Solidago tortifolia
2540:Solidago spithamaea
2529:Solidago sphacelata
2496:Solidago spathulata
2260:Solidago petiolaris
2239:Solidago patagonica
2229:Solidago paniculata
2188:Solidago orientalis
2070:Solidago macvaughii
1993:Solidago lancifolia
1983:Solidago kurilensis
1909:Solidago houghtonii
1878:Solidago gypsophila
1867:Solidago guiradonis
1824:Solidago gattingeri
1742:Torr. & A.Gray.
1738:Solidago drummondii
1727:Solidago delicatula
1626:Solidago canadensis
1530:Solidago auriculata
1445:Solidago albopilosa
1399:Eurosta solidaginis
1302:Solidago canadensis
1253:(adopted 1926) and
1037:Solidago canadensis
901:Use and cultivation
887:Solidago canadensis
799:Solidago canadensis
695:Solidago lanceolata
662:as constituents of
192:1753 not Mill. 1754
4455:(EPPO). 2018-12-11
4327:Solidago Virgaurea
4258:(21–22): 523–527.
3994:"Goldenrod Rubber"
3736:Solidago nemoralis
3721:2013-09-27 at the
2660:Solidago virgaurea
2616:Solidago ulmifolia
2605:Solidago uliginosa
2561:Solidago squarrosa
2478:Torr. & A.Gray
2442:Solidago sciaphila
2421:Solidago rupestris
2399:Solidago roanensis
2377:Solidago riddellii
2291:Solidago pinetorum
2271:Solidago perornata
2177:Solidago ohioensis
2159:Torr. & A.Gray
2144:Solidago nemoralis
2026:Solidago leiocarpa
2019:Torr. & A.Gray
1997:Torr. & A.Gray
1856:Solidago glomerata
1802:Solidago fistulosa
1717:Solidago decurrens
1700:Torr. & A.Gray
1685:Solidago correllii
1645:Solidago chilensis
1605:Solidago calcicola
1488:Solidago arenicola
1482:Torr. & A.Gray
1467:Solidago altissima
1432:
1419:
1415:Sphex ichneumoneus
1403:
1386:
1374:
1358:
1354:Solidago nemoralis
1346:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1294:
1259:Solidago altissima
1226:Solidago virgaurea
1200:Solidago virgaurea
957:Cultivated species
809:Solidago altissima
400:
294:
285:European goldenrod
248:, commonly called
42:Solidago virgaurea
5073:Asteraceae genera
5055:
5054:
4952:Open Tree of Life
4690:Taxon identifiers
4669:Goldenrods Group.
4643:Media related to
4605:Walter de Gruyter
4313:978-0-7607-1030-2
4108:978-0-670-03181-8
4026:edis.ifas.ufl.edu
3893:978-0-88192-159-5
3859:978-1-58544-230-0
3778:978-0-7614-7199-8
3686:CAB International
3442:(12): 1488–1496.
2849:Formerly included
2835:
2814:
2793:
2772:
2759:
2758:(Fernald) Fernald
2738:
2717:
2698:
2687:
2682:Solidago wrightii
2676:
2665:
2654:
2643:
2632:
2627:Solidago velutina
2621:
2610:
2599:
2588:
2577:
2566:
2556:
2545:
2534:
2523:
2522:(D.C.Eat.) A.Gray
2512:
2507:Solidago speciosa
2501:
2490:
2479:
2469:
2464:Solidago serotina
2458:
2447:
2437:
2432:Solidago satanica
2426:
2415:
2404:
2393:
2382:
2371:
2360:
2349:
2344:Solidago puberula
2338:
2328:
2318:
2313:Solidago pringlei
2307:
2296:
2286:
2276:
2265:
2254:
2244:
2234:
2224:
2219:Solidago pacifica
2214:
2203:
2193:
2182:
2171:
2160:
2149:
2138:
2127:
2116:
2105:
2095:
2085:
2075:
2064:
2053:
2042:
2031:
2020:
2009:
1998:
1988:
1978:
1967:
1956:
1945:
1935:
1930:Solidago inornata
1925:
1914:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1872:
1861:
1851:
1840:
1835:Solidago gigantea
1829:
1818:
1807:
1796:
1791:Solidago faucibus
1786:
1775:
1764:
1759:Solidago elongata
1754:
1743:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1707:Solidago dahurica
1701:
1696:Solidago curtisii
1690:
1680:
1670:
1665:Solidago confinis
1660:
1655:Solidago compacta
1650:
1639:
1620:
1610:
1609:(Fernald) Fernald
1599:
1588:
1583:Solidago buckleyi
1578:
1573:Solidago brendiae
1567:
1556:
1546:
1535:
1534:Shuttlw. ex Blake
1525:
1514:
1504:
1493:
1483:
1472:
1461:
1450:
1366:Solidago velutina
1131:
1130:
1123:
1051:'Goldenmosa' and
893:is considered an
794:Solidago gigantea
287:is pollinated by
241:
240:
235:
227:
226:(Linnaeus) Kuntze
220:
212:
193:
5090:
5048:
5047:
5035:
5034:
5022:
5021:
5009:
5008:
4999:
4998:
4986:
4985:
4973:
4972:
4960:
4959:
4947:
4946:
4937:
4936:
4924:
4923:
4921:NHMSYS0000463769
4911:
4910:
4898:
4897:
4885:
4884:
4872:
4871:
4859:
4858:
4846:
4845:
4833:
4832:
4820:
4819:
4807:
4806:
4794:
4793:
4781:
4780:
4768:
4767:
4755:
4754:
4742:
4741:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4685:
4684:
4655:Data related to
4654:
4642:
4627:
4626:
4616:
4578:
4567:
4566:
4556:
4518:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4473:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4433:
4424:
4416:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4376:
4370:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4341:
4335:
4321:
4315:
4301:
4292:
4291:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3762:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3732:
3726:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3489:
3484:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3388:
3377:
3376:
3316:
3301:
3300:
3273:
3262:
3261:
3237:
3222:
3221:
3189:
3172:
3171:
3161:
3148:
3135:
3134:
3118:
3103:
3102:
3084:
3071:
3070:
3061:(4): 1617–1630.
3046:
3037:
3036:
3027:
3018:
3017:
2998:
2992:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2961:
2833:
2812:
2791:
2770:
2757:
2736:
2715:
2696:
2685:
2674:
2663:
2652:
2641:
2630:
2619:
2608:
2597:
2586:
2575:
2572:Solidago stricta
2564:
2555:Fisch. ex Herder
2554:
2543:
2532:
2521:
2510:
2499:
2488:
2485:Solidago simplex
2477:
2474:Solidago shortii
2467:
2456:
2445:
2435:
2424:
2413:
2402:
2391:
2381:Frank ex Riddell
2380:
2369:
2358:
2355:Solidago pulchra
2347:
2336:
2326:
2323:Solidago procera
2316:
2305:
2302:Solidago plumosa
2294:
2284:
2274:
2263:
2252:
2242:
2232:
2222:
2212:
2201:
2191:
2180:
2169:
2158:
2147:
2136:
2125:
2114:
2103:
2093:
2083:
2073:
2062:
2051:
2040:
2029:
2018:
2007:
1996:
1986:
1976:
1965:
1954:
1943:
1933:
1923:
1920:Solidago humilis
1912:
1901:
1898:Solidago hispida
1891:
1881:
1870:
1859:
1849:
1838:
1827:
1816:
1805:
1794:
1784:
1773:
1762:
1752:
1741:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1699:
1688:
1678:
1675:Solidago coreana
1668:
1658:
1648:
1637:
1618:
1608:
1597:
1587:Torr. & Gray
1586:
1576:
1565:
1554:
1551:Solidago bicolor
1544:
1533:
1523:
1512:
1502:
1491:
1481:
1470:
1459:
1448:
1435:Accepted species
1428:Solidago simplex
1257:(adopted 1895).
1188:molecular weight
1164:Douglas Brinkley
1126:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1083:
1075:
943:monofloral honey
895:invasive species
876:parasitoid wasps
859:keystone species
483:and related taxa
416:short-day plants
353:Solidago bicolor
290:Bombus cryptarum
254:flowering plants
233:
225:
218:
210:
188:
62:
61:
35:
21:
20:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5043:
5038:
5030:
5025:
5017:
5012:
5004:
5002:
4994:
4989:
4981:
4976:
4968:
4963:
4955:
4950:
4942:
4940:
4932:
4927:
4919:
4914:
4906:
4901:
4893:
4888:
4880:
4875:
4867:
4862:
4854:
4849:
4841:
4836:
4828:
4823:
4815:
4810:
4802:
4797:
4789:
4784:
4776:
4771:
4763:
4758:
4750:
4745:
4737:
4735:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4692:
4635:
4630:
4607:GmbH: 253–258.
4579:
4570:
4519:
4510:
4501:
4499:
4475:
4474:
4467:
4458:
4456:
4435:
4434:
4427:
4417:
4398:
4389:
4387:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4362:
4353:
4351:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4322:
4318:
4302:
4295:
4248:
4244:
4235:
4233:
4231:www.science.gov
4225:
4224:
4220:
4191:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4156:
4154:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4131:
4129:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4093:
4089:
4080:
4078:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4055:
4053:
4045:Harris, Karen.
4043:
4039:
4030:
4028:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4003:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3878:
3874:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3844:
3837:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3763:
3756:
3748:
3744:
3733:
3729:
3723:Wayback Machine
3711:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3625:
3621:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3570:
3566:
3535:10.2307/2806528
3503:
3499:
3487:
3485:
3476:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3448:10.1139/B08-087
3432:Glomeruliflorae
3424:
3420:
3405:10.2307/4135444
3389:
3380:
3365:10.1139/g66-053
3347:in Relation to
3317:
3304:
3275:
3274:
3265:
3238:
3225:
3210:10.2307/2441956
3190:
3175:
3159:
3149:
3138:
3133:. 2016–32: 1–9.
3119:
3106:
3085:
3074:
3047:
3040:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3006:Linnaeus sect.
3000:
2999:
2995:
2991:Flora of China.
2984:
2980:
2963:
2962:
2945:
2941:
2851:
2779:S. sempervirens
2724:S. sempervirens
2705:
2703:Natural hybrids
2671:Solidago vossii
2620:Muhl. ex Willd.
2410:Solidago rugosa
2388:Solidago rigida
2366:Solidago radula
2281:Solidago pilosa
2253:Muhl. ex Willd.
2249:Solidago patula
2155:Solidago nitida
2111:Solidago mollis
2094:(Makino) Kitam.
2037:Solidago lepida
1962:Solidago kralii
1951:Solidago juncea
1940:Solidago juliae
1902:Muhl. ex Willd.
1846:Solidago glabra
1770:Solidago erecta
1679:(Nakai) H.S.Pak
1594:Solidago caesia
1509:Solidago arguta
1437:
1396:sp. by the fly
1392:Gall formed in
1318:Solidago lepida
1287:
1239:
1221:
1213:Native American
1205:herbal medicine
1196:
1127:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1096:
1084:
1073:
959:
903:
855:
834:S. ptarmicoides
822:S. ptarmicoides
722:
485:
443:
278:
187:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5096:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5036:
5032:wfo-4000035732
5023:
5010:
5000:
4987:
4974:
4961:
4948:
4938:
4925:
4912:
4899:
4886:
4873:
4860:
4847:
4834:
4821:
4808:
4795:
4782:
4769:
4756:
4743:
4733:
4718:
4702:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4682:
4681:
4672:
4666:
4660:
4659:at Wikispecies
4648:
4634:
4633:External links
4631:
4629:
4628:
4568:
4508:
4465:
4425:
4396:
4371:
4360:
4349:www.sciway.net
4336:
4316:
4293:
4242:
4218:
4185:
4163:
4139:
4114:
4107:
4087:
4062:
4037:
4013:
3985:
3960:
3931:
3906:
3892:
3872:
3858:
3835:
3784:
3777:
3754:
3742:
3727:
3705:
3691:
3666:
3639:(1): 102–109.
3619:
3601:
3583:
3564:
3521:(3): 280–292.
3497:
3488:|journal=
3461:
3418:
3399:(3): 691–698.
3378:
3359:(3): 422–443.
3302:
3263:
3223:
3204:(5): 486–493.
3173:
3136:
3104:
3072:
3038:
3019:
2993:
2978:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2926:Symphyotrichum
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2824:
2803:
2782:
2761:
2748:
2727:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2689:
2678:
2667:
2656:
2645:
2638:Solidago verna
2634:
2623:
2612:
2601:
2590:
2583:Solidago tarda
2579:
2568:
2557:
2547:
2536:
2525:
2514:
2503:
2492:
2481:
2470:
2460:
2449:
2438:
2428:
2417:
2406:
2395:
2384:
2373:
2362:
2351:
2340:
2329:
2319:
2309:
2298:
2287:
2277:
2267:
2256:
2245:
2235:
2225:
2215:
2209:Solidago ovata
2205:
2194:
2184:
2173:
2166:Solidago odora
2162:
2151:
2140:
2129:
2118:
2107:
2096:
2086:
2076:
2066:
2055:
2044:
2033:
2022:
2011:
2000:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1958:
1947:
1936:
1926:
1916:
1905:
1894:
1884:
1874:
1863:
1852:
1842:
1831:
1820:
1809:
1798:
1787:
1777:
1766:
1755:
1745:
1734:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1692:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1651:
1641:
1630:
1622:
1611:
1601:
1590:
1579:
1569:
1558:
1547:
1537:
1526:
1520:Solidago aurea
1516:
1505:
1495:
1484:
1474:
1463:
1452:
1436:
1433:
1286:
1283:
1267:Solidago odora
1263:South Carolina
1238:
1235:
1220:
1217:
1195:
1192:
1129:
1128:
1087:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1071:Industrial use
1069:
958:
955:
902:
899:
854:
851:
721:
715:
484:
478:
442:
439:
277:
274:
256:in the family
239:
238:
237:
236:
228:
213:
202:
201:
195:
194:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
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156:
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150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
50:
49:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5095:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5046:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4686:
4679:
4678:: Goldenrods.
4677:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4624:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4498:). 2019-11-19
4497:
4493:
4491:
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4472:
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4454:
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4444:
4440:
4432:
4430:
4423:
4422:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4386:
4382:
4375:
4369:
4364:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4246:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4213:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4189:
4173:
4167:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4110:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4091:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4052:
4051:History Daily
4048:
4041:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3970:
3964:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3935:
3920:
3919:'Goldenmosa'"
3918:
3910:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3876:
3861:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3842:
3840:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3761:
3759:
3751:
3746:
3739:
3737:
3731:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3709:
3701:
3695:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3480:
3472:
3465:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3298:
3294:
3291:(836). 1981.
3290:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3156:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3024:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:Sphagneticola
2916:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2817:S. sphacelata
2811:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2796:S. canadensis
2790:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2775:S. canadensis
2769:
2765:
2762:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2133:Solidago nana
2130:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1756:
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1746:
1740:
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1735:
1729:
1728:
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1719:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1704:
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1697:
1693:
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1677:
1676:
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1667:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1652:
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1642:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:kidney stones
1206:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:Thomas Edison
1125:
1122:
1114:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1088:This section
1086:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1002:
1001:
996:
995:
991:
989:
984:
983:
978:
977:
976:S. canadensis
972:
971:
966:
965:
954:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
898:
896:
892:
888:
883:
881:
877:
873:
868:
864:
860:
850:
848:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:
805:
804:S. canadensis
801:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
776:
773:America; all
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
720:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
588:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:
565:
561:
557:
556:bundle sheath
552:
550:
546:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
508:
504:
503:
498:
497:
492:
491:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
447:
438:
437:flowerheads.
436:
432:
431:
426:
425:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
397:
396:
390:
386:
384:
380:
377:are narrowly
376:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
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349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
292:
291:
286:
282:
273:
271:
267:
266:North America
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:
232:
229:
224:
217:
214:
209:
206:
205:
203:
200:
196:
191:
186:
185:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:Solidagininae
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
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128:
127:
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121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:Tracheophytes
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
60:
55:
51:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
4697:
4675:
4600:
4594:
4588:
4584:
4540:
4534:
4528:
4524:
4500:. Retrieved
4488:
4482:
4478:
4457:. Retrieved
4448:
4442:
4438:
4420:
4388:. Retrieved
4384:
4374:
4363:
4352:. Retrieved
4348:
4339:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4304:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4234:. Retrieved
4230:
4221:
4202:
4198:
4188:
4176:. Retrieved
4166:
4155:. Retrieved
4151:
4142:
4130:. Retrieved
4117:
4097:
4090:
4079:. Retrieved
4077:. 2012-11-25
4074:
4065:
4054:. Retrieved
4050:
4040:
4029:. Retrieved
4025:
4016:
4004:. Retrieved
3997:
3988:
3976:. Retrieved
3963:
3951:. Retrieved
3945:
3941:
3934:
3922:. Retrieved
3916:
3909:
3897:. Retrieved
3882:
3875:
3863:. Retrieved
3848:
3800:(2): 204–9.
3797:
3793:
3787:
3767:
3745:
3735:
3730:
3713:
3708:
3694:
3678:
3669:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3613:
3604:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3567:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3479:cite journal
3464:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3396:
3392:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3325:Brachychaeta
3324:
3320:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3249:
3245:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3130:
3124:
3093:
3089:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3031:
3013:
3008:Ptarmicoidei
3007:
3003:
2996:
2986:
2981:
2972:
2966:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2842:S. ulmifolia
2841:
2837:
2830:
2826:
2821:S. ulmifolia
2820:
2816:
2809:
2805:
2800:S. virgaurea
2799:
2795:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2763:
2754:
2750:
2745:S. uliginosa
2744:
2740:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2708:
2691:
2680:
2669:
2658:
2647:
2636:
2625:
2614:
2603:
2592:
2581:
2570:
2559:
2549:
2538:
2527:
2516:
2505:
2494:
2483:
2472:
2462:
2451:
2440:
2430:
2419:
2408:
2397:
2386:
2375:
2364:
2353:
2342:
2331:
2321:
2311:
2300:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2258:
2247:
2237:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2196:
2186:
2175:
2164:
2153:
2142:
2131:
2120:
2109:
2098:
2088:
2078:
2068:
2057:
2052:(Gray) Small
2046:
2035:
2024:
2013:
2002:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1960:
1949:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1907:
1896:
1886:
1876:
1865:
1854:
1844:
1833:
1822:
1811:
1800:
1789:
1779:
1768:
1757:
1747:
1736:
1725:
1715:
1705:
1694:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1653:
1643:
1632:
1624:
1613:
1603:
1592:
1581:
1571:
1560:
1549:
1539:
1528:
1518:
1507:
1497:
1486:
1476:
1465:
1454:
1443:
1438:
1426:
1413:
1409:
1397:
1393:
1380:
1370:
1364:
1352:
1340:
1328:
1316:
1300:
1266:
1258:
1243:state flower
1240:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1198:
1197:
1184:
1172:
1167:
1132:
1117:
1108:
1097:Please help
1092:verification
1089:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:, known as ×
1012:A number of
1011:
1006:S. virgaurea
1004:
998:
992:
988:S. riddellii
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
960:
947:
921:
911:
904:
886:
884:
856:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
826:Ptarmicoidei
825:
821:
817:
813:
807:
803:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
779:
774:
769:
767:
762:
758:
754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
723:
718:
710:
706:
705:compared to
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
648:Brachychaeta
647:
643:
639:
638:relative to
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
608:Brachychaeta
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
585:
582:Brachychaeta
581:
577:
573:
567:
563:
559:
553:
548:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:Brachychaeta
524:
520:
519:schemes for
515:
510:
506:
500:
494:
488:
486:
480:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
455:
450:
445:
444:
429:
424:Ptarmicoidei
422:
421:The section
420:
401:
393:
371:
370:
351:
336:flower heads
333:
321:leaf margins
296:
295:
288:
249:
244:
243:
242:
230:
222:
215:
207:
183:
182:
116:
103:
90:
77:
46:
40:
24:
18:
4877:iNaturalist
4722:Wikispecies
4589:niederederi
4529:niederederi
4483:niederederi
4443:niederederi
3978:12 November
3341:Oligoneuron
3131:Phytoneuron
2896:Leptostelma
2789:niederederi
1371:sparsiflora
1247:U.S. states
1177:to come to
907:Herbal teas
880:ovipositors
867:Lepidoptera
828:section of
763:Oligoneuron
742:Oligoneuron
678:as part of
676:Oligoneuron
670:as part of
668:Oligoneuron
660:Oreochrysum
656:Oligoneuron
636:Oligoneuron
612:Oligoneuron
596:Oreochrysum
592:Oligoneuron
580:. However,
539:Oligoneuron
502:Oreochrysum
435:corymbiform
430:Oligoneuron
276:Description
153:Asteroideae
149:Subfamily:
97:Angiosperms
5083:Plant dyes
5062:Categories
4502:2021-02-22
4459:2021-02-22
4445:in Poland"
4390:2022-06-13
4354:2021-05-01
4236:2022-06-13
4157:2022-06-13
4101:. Viking.
4081:2022-06-13
4056:2022-06-13
4031:2022-06-13
3750:Goldenrod.
3345:Petradoria
3246:Phytologia
3155:Solidaster
3097:(Thesis).
2939:References
2878:Gundlachia
2831:ulmicaesia
2642:M.A.Curtis
2544:M.A.Curtis
1425:Fruits of
1166:writes in
1155:Henry Ford
1147:Henry Ford
1026:Solidaster
1022:Solidaster
1000:S. shortii
982:S. cutleri
964:S. bicolor
939:honey flow
746:Petradoria
628:Petradoria
574:Petradoria
569:Gundlachia
544:Petradoria
456:The genus
344:involucres
317:pubescence
258:Asteraceae
250:goldenrods
234:Rafinesque
211:Rafinesque
169:Subtribe:
143:Asteraceae
4812:FloraBase
4623:2336-3207
4563:2242-1300
4329:L., Herba
4272:0043-5341
3948:'Lemore'"
3899:4 October
3865:4 October
3814:0105-4538
3653:0003-0031
3559:186241866
3543:0007-196X
3515:Brittonia
3456:1916-2790
3430:subsect.
3373:0008-4093
3329:Brintonia
3297:0035-4902
3258:0031-9430
2860:Brintonia
2838:S. caesia
2755:calcicola
2741:S. rugosa
2720:S. rugosa
2223:Juzepczuk
2192:G.L.Nesom
2074:G.L.Nesom
1944:G.L.Nesom
1892:G.L.Nesom
1882:G.L.Nesom
1785:G.L.Nesom
1753:G.L.Nesom
1449:E.L.Braun
1285:Diversity
1133:Inventor
1049:cultivars
1014:cultivars
994:S. rigida
970:S. caesia
914:hay fever
652:Brintonia
587:Brintonia
325:serration
309:decumbent
262:perennial
133:Asterales
67:Kingdom:
47:leiocarpa
5068:Solidago
5014:VicFlora
5003:VASCAN:
4996:40001882
4991:Tropicos
4778:Solidago
4773:eFloraSA
4728:Solidago
4707:Wikidata
4698:Solidago
4676:Solidago
4657:Solidago
4645:Solidago
4585:Solidago
4525:Solidago
4494:. CABI (
4479:Solidago
4439:Solidago
4421:Solidago
4288:20348306
4280:15638071
3942:Solidago
3917:Solidago
3830:41094680
3719:Archived
3661:85741057
3578:ncrm.org
3511:Solidago
3507:Euthamia
3428:Solidago
3349:Solidago
3337:Euthamia
3333:Chrysoma
3321:Solidago
3279:Euthamia
3194:Solidago
3125:Solidago
3092:Solidago
3067:41961022
3051:Solidago
3004:Solidago
2987:Solidago
2967:Solidago
2890:Jacobaea
2872:Euthamia
2866:Duhaldea
2855:Solidago
2834:Friesner
2827:Solidago
2813:Friesner
2806:Solidago
2785:Solidago
2768:erskinei
2764:Solidago
2751:Solidago
2734:beaudryi
2730:Solidago
2713:asperula
2709:Solidago
2213:Friesner
1795:Wieboldt
1721:Loureiro
1410:Solidago
1394:Solidago
1279:camellia
1271:Delaware
1255:Nebraska
1251:Kentucky
1231:Solidago
1179:Dearborn
1111:May 2022
1042:Solidago
931:florists
922:Ambrosia
865:of many
847:Solidago
838:Solidago
830:Solidago
790:Solidago
786:Solidago
782:Solidago
775:Solidago
770:Solidago
759:Solidago
755:Solidago
750:Solidago
738:Euthamia
734:Chrysoma
730:Solidago
726:Solidago
719:Solidago
711:Euthamia
707:Solidago
703:Euthamia
691:Solidago
687:Euthamia
680:Solidago
672:Solidago
664:Solidago
644:Solidago
640:Solidago
632:Solidago
624:Euthamia
620:Chrysoma
616:Solidago
604:Solidago
578:Solidago
564:Euthamia
560:Chrysoma
549:Solidago
535:Euthamia
531:Chrysoma
521:Solidago
516:Solidago
511:Solidago
507:Solidago
496:Euthamia
490:Chrysoma
481:Solidago
474:Solidago
470:Solidago
466:Solidago
462:Solidago
458:Solidago
451:Solidago
446:Solidago
441:Taxonomy
408:rhizomes
395:Cerceris
375:cypselae
372:Solidago
362:panicles
329:venation
313:glabrous
305:rhizomes
301:caudices
297:Solidago
245:Solidago
231:Leioligo
223:Solidago
219:Linnaeus
208:Actipsis
199:Synonyms
184:Solidago
163:Astereae
139:Family:
123:Asterids
110:Eudicots
25:Solidago
4895:11048-1
4856:5388868
4713:Q212939
4006:June 6,
3953:10 June
3924:10 June
3822:9534922
3794:Allergy
3614:nwf.org
3551:2806528
3523:Bibcode
3413:4135444
3285:Rhodora
3218:2441956
3170:: 7–18.
2914:Senecio
2908:Psiadia
2902:Olearia
2653:LeBlond
2414:P.Mill.
2317:Fernald
2181:Riddell
2008:P.Mill.
1828:Chapman
1806:P.Mill.
1566:Chapman
1545:Fernald
1524:Spreng.
1439:Source
1275:Alabama
1245:of the
1143:Model T
918:ragweed
891:Germany
853:Ecology
379:obconic
366:corymbs
358:racemes
340:florets
179:Genus:
159:Tribe:
129:Order:
71:Plantae
5045:415991
4965:PLANTS
4957:872351
4941:NZOR:
4843:130659
4830:130659
4739:194961
4736:APDB:
4621:
4561:
4311:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4178:27 Sep
4132:20 May
4105:
3946:luteus
3890:
3856:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3775:
3659:
3651:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3454:
3436:Botany
3411:
3371:
3295:
3256:
3216:
3065:
2932:Trixis
2929:, and
2771:Boivin
2737:Boivin
2697:Makino
2686:A.Gray
2446:Steele
2436:Lunell
2403:Porter
2275:Lunell
2115:Bartl.
1966:Semple
1934:Lunell
1871:A.Gray
1860:Michx.
1689:Semple
1669:A.Gray
1659:Turcz.
1577:Semple
1307:Kerala
1139:rubber
1057:luteus
1003:, and
926:pollen
863:larvae
744:, and
658:, and
626:, and
598:, and
572:, and
541:, and
499:, and
412:clones
383:pappus
348:Floret
270:Europe
221:subg.
5040:WoRMS
4970:SOLID
4934:59293
4908:36223
4882:48678
4869:11278
4817:22283
4804:1SOOG
4791:37721
4752:71572
4603:(3).
4543:(4).
4492:(ISC)
4284:S2CID
3972:(PDF)
3826:S2CID
3682:(ISC)
3657:S2CID
3555:S2CID
3547:JSTOR
3409:JSTOR
3393:Taxon
3214:JSTOR
3160:(PDF)
3063:JSTOR
2884:Inula
2810:ovata
2716:Desf.
2609:Nutt.
2587:Mack.
2565:Nutt.
2511:Nutt.
2489:Kunth
2468:Retz.
2370:Nutt.
2359:Small
2348:Nutt.
2327:Aiton
2306:Small
2295:Small
2285:Mill.
2243:Phil.
2137:Nutt.
2104:Nutt.
2063:Pursh
1924:Mill.
1850:Desf.
1774:Nutt.
1763:Nutt.
1731:Small
1649:Meyen
1619:Nutt.
1369:ssp.
1018:aster
950:weeds
935:Honey
842:Aster
630:from
600:Aster
404:seeds
216:Aster
117:Clade
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
45:var.
5006:1697
4978:POWO
4929:NCBI
4903:ITIS
4890:IPNI
4864:GRIN
4851:GBIF
4799:EPPO
4765:7JH2
4747:APNI
4619:ISSN
4559:ISSN
4309:ISBN
4276:PMID
4268:ISSN
4180:2011
4134:2015
4103:ISBN
4008:2017
3999:Time
3980:2018
3955:2013
3926:2013
3901:2010
3888:ISBN
3867:2010
3854:ISBN
3818:PMID
3810:ISSN
3773:ISBN
3649:ISSN
3539:ISSN
3509:and
3492:help
3452:ISSN
3369:ISSN
3343:and
3293:ISSN
3254:ISSN
2792:Khek
2598:Ell.
2576:Ait.
2533:Raf.
2425:Raf.
2264:Ait.
2170:Ait.
2148:Ait.
2126:Ait.
1987:Juz.
1977:Juz.
1955:Ait.
1839:Ait.
1513:Ait.
1047:The
1034:and
872:gall
697:and
610:and
398:wasp
334:The
5027:WFO
4916:NBN
4838:FoC
4825:FNA
4786:EoL
4760:CoL
4609:doi
4549:doi
4260:doi
4256:154
4207:doi
3802:doi
3641:doi
3637:142
3531:doi
3444:doi
3401:doi
3361:doi
3351:".
3206:doi
2631:DC.
2500:DC.
2233:DC.
2084:DC.
2041:DC.
1305:in
1249:of
1101:by
1063:'s
614:to
303:or
5064::
5042::
5029::
5016::
4993::
4980::
4967::
4954::
4931::
4918::
4905::
4892::
4879::
4866::
4853::
4840::
4827::
4814::
4801::
4788::
4775::
4762::
4749::
4724::
4709::
4617:.
4601:66
4599:.
4593:.
4587:×
4571:^
4557:.
4539:.
4533:.
4511:^
4487:.
4481:×
4468:^
4447:.
4441:x
4428:^
4399:^
4383:.
4347:.
4296:^
4282:.
4274:.
4266:.
4254:.
4229:.
4205:.
4201:.
4197:.
4150:.
4125:.
4073:.
4049:.
4024:.
3996:.
3944:×
3838:^
3824:.
3816:.
3808:.
3798:53
3796:.
3757:^
3684:.
3677:.
3655:.
3647:.
3635:.
3612:.
3594:.
3576:.
3553:.
3545:.
3537:.
3529:.
3519:36
3517:.
3483::
3481:}}
3477:{{
3450:.
3440:86
3438:.
3407:.
3397:53
3395:.
3381:^
3367:.
3355:.
3339:,
3335:,
3331:,
3327:,
3305:^
3289:83
3287:.
3283:.
3266:^
3252:.
3250:76
3248:.
3244:.
3226:^
3212:.
3202:62
3200:.
3176:^
3166:.
3162:.
3139:^
3129:.
3107:^
3075:^
3059:20
3057:.
3041:^
3022:^
3012:.
2971:.
2946:^
2935:.
2923:,
2917:,
2911:,
2905:,
2899:,
2893:,
2887:,
2881:,
2875:,
2869:,
2863:,
2840:×
2829:×
2819:×
2808:×
2798:×
2787:×
2777:×
2766:×
2753:×
2743:×
2732:×
2722:×
2711:×
2664:L.
2457:L.
2392:L.
1817:L.
1598:L.
1555:L.
1471:L.
1281:.
1153:,
1067:.
1055:×
1053:S.
1009:.
997:,
985:,
979:,
973:,
967:,
849:.
765:.
740:,
736:,
682:.
654:,
650:,
622:,
594:,
590:,
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