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358:. Film historian Eric Reade recounts other techniques, "Stephen was pelted with cloth stones; Christians who refused to renounce their faith were prodded with cardboard spears to force them to jump into a pit of burning lime. Puffs of smoke rising from the pit were clouds of steam from a boiler, forced through tubing. When the martyrs jumped from a built-up platform representing the lip of the pit, they landed on a mattress conveniently situated on the ground out of camera range".
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844:. Shirley and Adams identify the film as an, âearly example of narrative cinema that was produced far from the influences of Europe and America, both half a world awayâ. Similarly, Edmondson claims that the film had a âfar reaching, if indirect, effect on the embryonic Australian film industryâ. Reade goes further, saying that Soldiers of the Cross, âstrongly influenced the whole worldâ.
824:. As an early production in the Australian film industry, Soldiers of the Cross was an ambitious project in scope and style. Historians disagree about its exact status. As Pike and Cooper explain, âMany claims have been made about Soldiers of the Crossâthat it was the first feature film in the world, the first full-length film, the first religious film, the first
880:, also spoke. Edmondson, who was on the organising committee, explained that the re-construction aimed to "create the proper period atmosphereââ, âconvey some historical data about the production and its importanceââ and to ââexperience some of the theatrical and emotional power of the original presentation".
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describes scenes of "horrible torture and awful death" . . . "The terrors of the persecution of the early
Christians in Rome, of the heroic deaths at the stake, tales of young girls and boys who nobly preferred death with eternal bliss to life coupled with the worship of idols and the renunciation of
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describes the filmâs plot, "the trials and sufferings of the early
Christians . . . beginning at the entrance of Christ into Jerusalem, the lecturer conducted the audience through all the most notable events of Christâs life, and then passed over to Rome, where the persecution of Christians under the
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This prerecorded material was presented in conjunction with a live oration by
Commandant Booth. His evangelistic âlectureâ narrated the scenes depicted in film and photograph. According to the Salvation Army, the aim of Booth's speech was, âNot to entertain, but to rouse religious thought; the object
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play in the production, Soldiers of the Cross is not eligible for any of these titles. Pike and Cooper also state that the
Salvation Army itself always referred to the production as a âlectureâ. Other film historians, such as Reade, disagree with this line of argument. Edmondson credits Soldiers of
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In 1976, the Film
Committee from the Arts Council of Australia presented a reconstruction of Soldiers of the Cross. Surviving slides were projected, interspersed with contemporary film segments which were designed to replicate what the original film may have been. An
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were a major feature of
Soldiers of the Cross. These slides were photographs, printed on glass and hand painted with coloured tint. The slides were projected while the film reels were being changed, and offered a âfreeze frameâ from the previous scene.
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article describes the large and enthusiastic crowds who attended performance of the âfamousâ production, âAn hour before the advertised starting time the capacious building was uncomfortably crammed, and many were turned away, unable to gain admissionâ.
876:. Keith Richards, a Canberra radio presenter, provided narration and he was joined by historian Ross Cooper, who gave a lecture on the history of Soldiers of the Cross. Reg Perry, who appeared in Soldiers of the Cross and is the son of
374:, music and oration. The production included between thirteen and twenty monochrome one-reel films, each thought to run for less than two minutes. In total, the approximate reel length was 3000 feet. Further, some 200
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There is very little of the material from
Soldiers of the Cross still in existence. None of the film reels survived, and there is no record of Booth's oration. The collection of 200 glass slides was discovered in the
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the Cross as âthe first film music scoreâ, âthe first message pictureâ and âthe first important use of film for the portrayal of drama and narrative storyâ. Edmondson also argues that the
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Filming took place between June and August in 1900. The film's total budget was ÂŁ600. Much of the film was shot at the tennis courts attached to
Belgrave House, a home owned by the
439:. Reade describes opening night as âtreacherousâ, âthe streets were muddy, the pavements slipperyâ. Yet, a crowd of 4000 people attended. The production then toured around
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In 1901, Booth resigned from his
Australasian post over a "disagreement in policy". He bought Soldiers of the Cross outright for ÂŁ300, and took it with him to the
484:, in a 1901 article, describes a similar scene, âthe building was absolutely crammed with people, and by 8 o'clock there was hardly standing room left.
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itself reported that
Soldiers of the Cross exacted an emotional response from audiences, âinvoluntary interjections, moans of pity, sighs of reliefâ.
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402:âthe inspiration behind the film's title. The hymns were sung by the Salvation Amy choir, and there are also reports of the audience participation.
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522:. One particular Cadet, John Jones, played a Christian Martyr, alongside Lieutenant Colonel Harold Graham. Harold Grahamâs father played
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Whatever its exact historical status, historians agree that Soldiers of the Cross was a significant production in the early history of
619:, provide further evidence about the plot of Soldiers of the Cross. Below is a list of some key scenes depicted by these glass slides:
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provide some evidence. Several newspaper reviews confirm that Soldiers of the Cross was concerned with stories of
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claims that Soldiers of the Cross, âawoke indescribable feelings in the breasts of the audienceâ.
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Soldiers of the Cross was met with praise from audiences and critics alike. A 1901 review in the
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and another man, blinded by a ray of light and fallen to the ground. Perhaps a reference to
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film, and even the first âspectacleâ. Pike and Cooper argue that due to the central role
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were involved in Soldiers of the Cross, and very little is known about the cast. The
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Roman Empire was depicted and some stirring narratives given of Christian heroism".
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275:(1862â1926), began working on Soldiers of the Cross. Perry was the head of the
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provided atmospheric music. They performed an original score by Major
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The Australian Screen: a Pictorial History of Australian Film Making
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The two prisoners crucified with Jesus, a darkened sky behind them.
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Perry, Joseph Henry (1863â1943), Australian Dictionary of Biography
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Soldiers of the Cross premiered on the 13th of September, 1900, in
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performed the original score, conducted by Ken Smith from the
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Australian Film, 1900-1977 A Guide to Feature Film Production
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Jesusâ disciples remove his body from the cross. (John 19:38)
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Soldiers of the Cross was a multimedia production, combining
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Soldiers of the Cross was a significant production in the
419:. This institution also owns a copy of McAnnally's score.
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Bertrand, Ina (1988). "Perry, Joseph Henry (1863â1943)".
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to be a landmark in production in the development of the
398:. One such hymn was, âAm I a Soldier of the Cross?â, by
526:. Beatrice Eindeidel, known as Beatrice Day starred as
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Edmondson, Ray (July 1977). "Soldiers of the Cross".
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and music from Soldiers of the Cross were showcased.
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An angel appears to the women who visit Jesusâ tomb.
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Jesus drives out the money changers from the Temple.
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lion while his daughter was cast as an infant child.
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979:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. p. 5.
915:Passengers Alighting from Ferry Brighton at Manly
386:Accompanying Booth's presentation, a 20-30 piece
383:was not cash, but to recruit cadets for Christâ.
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1428:of Joseph Perry at National Centre of Biography.
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781:being stoned. In one of the images, a vision of
530:âs wife. Perryâs two sons, Reg and Orrie, were
210:performed the original score, written by Major
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271:(1863-1943), in collaboration with Commandant
283:-based film studio owned and operated by the
999:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
546:Soldiers of the Cross focussed on themes of
287:Booth was the Salvation Army Commandant for
249:National Film and Sound Archive of Australia
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1087:. Sydney: Currency Press. pp. 12â13.
1085:Australian Cinema: the First Eighty Years
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1228:. Melbourne: Lansdowne. pp. 18â20.
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228:included episodes from the life of
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1083:Shirley, G & Adams. B (1983).
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247:. These are currently held by the
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239:The only surviving material from
35:Soldiers of the Cross Title Slide
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354:lionâwith his two young sons as
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634:religious men, gathered in the
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510:members, as well as members of
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306:Commandant Herbert Howard Booth
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894:, 1909 film, also produced by
874:Sydney Conservatorium of Music
741:Jesus depicted as a shepherd.
735:Jesusâ ascension into Heaven.
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675:A woman kneels before Jesus.
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330:. The film was developed at
194:The production consisted of
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902:The Story of the Kelly Gang
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651:Jesus tried before Pilate.
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115:13 September 1900
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705:Jesus carrying his cross.
896:the Limelight Department.
613:glass photographic slides
585:Similarly, an article by
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338:Temple in Bourke Street.
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269:Major Joseph Henry Perry
263:Major Joseph Henry Perry
220:Australian film industry
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1366:"Soldiers of the Cross"
1340:"Soldiers of the Cross"
1315:The Bendigo Independent
1311:"Soldiers of the Cross"
1283:"Soldiers of the Cross"
932:and the Salvation Army.
816:Historical significance
788:A man leads a group of
587:The Bendigo Independent
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243:is a collection of 200
1258:"'Find of the decade'"
458:on November 22, 1920.
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332:Limelight Department's
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214:. Historians consider
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1407:Soldiers of the Cross
1396:Soldiers of the Cross
1164:Soldiers of the Cross
919:1896 Australian film.
757:, after being stoned.
687:Judas betrays Jesus.
657:Peter denying Jesus.
550:. The film recounted
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241:Soldiers of the Cross
226:Soldiers of the Cross
216:Soldiers of the Cross
172:Soldiers of the Cross
24:Soldiers of the Cross
1426:Biographical Details
1224:Reade, Eric (1975).
835:Limelight Department
277:Limelight Department
273:Herbert Howard Booth
204:Herbert Howard Booth
185:Limelight Department
90:Limelight Department
18:1900 Australian film
891:Heroes of the Cross
830:photographic slides
595:The Daily Telegraph
548:Christian martyrdom
514:âs family. Various
468:Bendigo Independent
456:Melbourne Town Hall
437:Melbourne Town Hall
431:Melbourne Town Hall
372:photographic slides
1417:Production details
1256:Morris, J (2017).
852:In July 1973, the
792:in prayer, in the
683:(Matthew 26:17â29)
671:(Matthew 26:36-56)
647:(Matthew 21:12-13)
488:The Salvation Army
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406:Surviving Material
346:Perry made use of
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101:The Salvation Army
1372:. 1901. p. 3
1346:. 1901. p. 4
1317:. 1901. p. 2
908:Australian cinema
714:Jesus crucified.
681:The last supper.
625:Ancient Jerusalem
623:The cityscape of
560:Christian martyrs
234:Christian martyrs
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65:Joseph Perry
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763:A group of
749:(John 8:12)
701:(John 19:1)
630:A group of
603:3rd century
565:Historical
445:New Zealand
400:Isaac Watts
328:Murrumbeena
320:Murrumbeena
289:Australasia
140:120 minutes
51:Produced by
41:Directed by
1442:1900 films
1436:Categories
986:0195543327
943:References
826:propaganda
790:Christians
532:puppeteers
356:puppeteers
318:suburb of
255:Production
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119:1900-09-13
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870:orchestra
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590:Christ".
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573:life and
462:Reception
441:Australia
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181:Australia
148:Australia
125:Melbourne
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1376:17 March
1350:17 March
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884:See also
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153:Language
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807:angels.
753:A dead
567:reviews
473:A 1901
314:in the
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800:Jesusâ
779:martyr
769:Saul's
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632:Jewish
556:Christ
500:actors
362:Format
230:Christ
161:Budget
156:Silent
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783:Jesus
640:Jesus
396:hymns
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443:and
368:film
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