538:. The countries receiving the most Erasmus students are Spain with more than 47,000 students and then Germany with 32,800. Erasmus has positively impacted higher education, bringing educational, social, cultural, and economic benefits to institutions. It professionalizes international cooperation, strengthens academic ties, fosters research collaborations, and forms informal networks, creating friendships across borders. The programme has become a valued source of 'soft power' and diplomatic value for participating countries. There are currently more than 4,000 higher institutions participating in Erasmus across the 37 countries. In 2012–13, 270,000 took part, the most popular destinations being Spain, Germany, Italy and France. Erasmus students represented 5 percent of European graduates as of 2012.
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converted'. However, more recent research has criticised the earlier findings for being methodically flawed, relying primarily on the experience of
British students and for using relatively small samples. Relying on a larger scale survey conducted on some 1700 students in six countries, Mitchell found that 'participation in an Erasmus exchange is significantly and positively related to changes in both identification as European and identification with Europe'. In addition, it has also been submitted that the earlier literature confused cause and effect, since the existence of such programmes constitutes a tangible benefit provided by the EU to prospective students interested in going abroad, which may cause them to view the EU positively even prior to participation.
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financial issues and family background of
Erasmus students, showing that despite the fact that access to the programme has been moderately widened, there are still important socio-economic barriers to participation in the programme. Another study uncovered what seems to be an adverse self-selection of Erasmus students based on their prior academic performance, with higher-performing students less likely to participate than lower-performing ones. However, this case was based on a number of four hundred graduates in a Spanish university only. Inversely, one study looking in details at French and Italian students found that the primary predictor of participation to Erasmus was students' prior academic records, not the occupation of their parents.
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94:'s programme to support education, training, youth and sport in Europe. The programme involves the 27 EU Member States and 6 non-EU associated countries with 55 National Agencies responsible for the decentralized management of most of the programme's actions. Other countries across the world may also participate in certain parts of the programme. The overall responsibility for the programme’s management, direction and evaluation lies with the European Commission (Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture), assisted by its Education, Audio-visual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA).
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130:, or Erasmus Plus, combining the EU's different schemes for transnational cooperation and mobility in education, training, youth and sport in Europe and beyond. The 'Erasmus+' programme concluded its first funding cycle from 2014 to 2020 and is now in its second cycle, spanning from 2021 to 2027. Noted for its participation among staff, students, young people, and learners across age groups, as of 2021, the programme has engaged over 13 million participants. The origins of its name refers to
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approved at a future
European Council. Under the chairmanship of Pietro Adonnino, the committee presented two successive reports that were approved at the Council session in Milano on the 28–29 of June 1985. Under the proposals that were advanced in these reports was the suggestion (to be found in the second report from number 5.6: University Cooperation) that the ministers for education and universities and higher-education establishments
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addressing other global challenges including health, while the digital education strand seeks in particular to improve the quality of online education in Europe which has grown considerably in the aftermath of the Covid 19 pandemic. Further transversal priorities for the programme are the commitment to social inclusion and diversity, and to promoting stronger participation in democratic life, common values and civic engagement.
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816:. A study carried out by the European Commission in 2010, shows that participating to Erasmus strengthens tolerance. Another issue is whether Erasmus enables the mixing of Europeans. For example, more than a quarter of Erasmus participants meet their life partner through it and participation in Erasmus encourages mobility between European countries. Umberto Eco called it sexual integration. The
178:. The organization supports students from Erasmus programme and other bilateral agreement and cooperates with national agencies in order to help international students. As of 23 July 2020, the Erasmus Student Network consists of 534 local associations ("sections") in 42 countries and has more than 15,000 volunteers across Europe.
595:, Erasmate or Student Mundial, which are free websites where students and young people can rent, sublet, offer and swap accommodation – on a national and international basis. A derived benefit is that students can share knowledge and exchange tips and hints with each other before and after going abroad.
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Erasmus has positively impacted higher education, bringing educational, social, cultural, and economic benefits to institutions. It professionalises international cooperation, strengthens academic ties, fosters research collaborations, and forms informal networks, creating friendships across borders.
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Erasmus+ provided grants for a wide range of actions including the opportunity for students to undertake work placements abroad and for teachers and education staff to attend training courses. Projects are divided into two parts – formal and non-formal education – each of them with three key actions.
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From 1985 to 1987, the "Erasmus" proposal was developed and negotiated. In 1985, the
Directorate for Education and Training presented the proposal to the Council and European Parliament. The Council officially adopted the "Erasmus" programme on June 15, 1987, and it was officially launched on July 1,
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had been supporting pilot student exchanges for six years. It proposed the original
Erasmus Programme in early 1986, but reaction from the then member states varied: those with substantial exchange programmes of their own (essentially France, Germany and the United Kingdom) were broadly hostile; the
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On 30 May 2018, the
European Commission adopted its proposal for the next Erasmus programme, with a doubling of the budget to 30 billion euros for the period 2021–2027. Further negotiations were expected to take place during the 2019–2024 European parliamentary term with the European Parliament and
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In June 1984, the
European Council decided in Fontainebleau to establish an ad-hoc European citizens' committee with the mission to make proposals in order to improve the image of the European Union. Each council member would select a member and together they should present a set of proposals to be
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The objective of “Erasmus+” is to promote transnational learning mobility and cooperation between organisations and policy-makers, as a means of improving quality and excellence, supporting inclusion and equity, and boosting creativity and innovation in the fields of education, vocational education
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more actively when compared with their elder generations. The assumption is that young
Europeans, who enjoyed the benefits of European integration, think of themselves as European citizens, and therefore create a base of support for further European integration. However, questions are raised about
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The
Erasmus Programme had previously been restricted to applicants who had completed at least one year of tertiary-level study, but it is now also available to secondary school students. Indeed, non-formal education programmes for adults, can expand opportunities for its students and staff through
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The programme built on the 1981–1986 pilot student exchanges, and although it was formally adopted only shortly before the beginning of the academic year 1987–1988, it was still possible for 3,244 students to participate in
Erasmus in its first year. In 2006, over 150,000 students, or almost 1% of
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This active collaboration between AEGEE and the European Commission and especially Domenico Lenarduzzi, Ministry of Public Education, allowed the approval of the Erasmus programme in 1987. It became an integral part of the Socrates I (1994–1999) and Socrates II (2000–2006) programmes. From 2007 it
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In 1969, the concept of promoting cultural, social, and academic exchanges among European students took root, thanks to the efforts of Italian educator and scientific consultant Sofia Corradi for the permanent conference of Italian university rectors. Her role allowed her to raise awareness about
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Beside the more popular student mobility (SMS), the Erasmus+ programme promotes the teacher mobility (STA), by which university teachers can spend a short period, for a minimum of 2 teaching days and a maximum of 2 months, teaching at least 8 hours in a foreign partner university. The average and
736:. The forum is based on the principle of participatory journalism. As of June 2020 it had over 15,000 contributors as well as a team of professional editors and journalists in Paris, Brussels, Rome, Madrid and Berlin. Volunteer contributors simultaneously translate the forum into six languages –
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For many higher education students, the "Erasmus" Programme is their first time living and studying in another country. Alongside academic study or practical training, the programme fosters learning and understanding of the host country, and the “Erasmus” experience is considered both a time for
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As to whether Erasmus fosters a sense of European identity the results are mixed. Some research indicates that those participating in Erasmus exchanges are already significantly predisposed to be pro-European, leading some scholars to conclude that such exchange programmes are 'preaching to the
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Studies have discussed issues related to the selection into the programme and the representativeness of the participants. Some studies have raised doubts about the inclusiveness of the programme, by socio-economic background, level of study, or academic performance. Thus, one study analyses the
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For the second phase of the programme, the EU has made the commitment to expand “Erasmus+” further and to enrich it by introducing a new ´greening´ dimension as well as a strong new digital education component. The new greening dimension is designed to contribute to combating climate change and
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A main part of the programme is that students do not pay extra tuition fees to the university that they visit. Students can also apply for an Erasmus grant to help cover the additional expense of living abroad. Students with disabilities can apply for an additional grant to cover extraordinary
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also called Erasmus Plus, has been the new 14.7 billion euro catch-all framework programme for education, training, youth and sport from 2014 to 2020. The Erasmus+ programme combined all the EU's schemes for education, training, youth and sport, including the Lifelong Learning Programme
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learning as well as a chance to socialize and experience a different culture, not to mention self-discovery. In this respect, and thanks to its popularity among students, it has emerged as a contemporary cultural phenomenon, inspiring books and films that explore the Erasmus experience.
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External evaluations and a multitude of personal stories abound from successive generations of participants to confirm the extent to which their “Erasmus experience” provided them not only with enhanced knowledge and competence in their respective fields, but also with a transformative,
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Regulation (EU) No 1288/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 establishing 'Erasmus+': the Union programme for education, training, youth and sport and repealing Decisions No 1719/2006/EC, No 1720/2006/EC and No 1298/2008/EC Text with EEA
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the European Council before the final programme is adopted. The agreement between the European Parliament and the European Council was adopted and the publication of the new regulation 2021/817 establishing the new Erasmus+ programme was made on 28 May 2021.
450:, Comenius, Grundtvig), Youth in Action and five international co-operation programmes (Erasmus Mundus, Tempus, Alfa, Edulink and the programme for co-operation with industrialised countries). The Erasmus+ regulation was signed on 11 December 2013.
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As of 2014, 27 years after its creation, the programme has promoted the mobility of more than 3.3 million students within the European community. More than 5,000 higher education institutions from 38 countries are participating in the project.
776:, for example, has argued that "Give it 15, 20 or 25 years, and Europe will be run by leaders with a completely different socialisation from those of today", referring to the so-called 'Erasmus generation'. This term describes young
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Launched in 1987, the "Erasmus" programme was originally established to promote closer cooperation between universities and higher education institutions across Europe. Over time, the programme has expanded and is now referred to as
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to limit the immigration of EU citizens into Switzerland. As a consequence, Swiss students will not be able to apply for the programme and European students will not be able to spend time at a Swiss university under that programme.
467:, the UK government decision not to participate in Erasmus+ meant UK students (9,993 in 2018) lost access to the Erasmus programme and EU students (29,797 in 2018) lost access to UK universities, despite some Conservatives such as
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a leading scholar and inspiring lecturer during the Renaissance period who travelled extensively in Europe to teach and study at a number of universities. But at the same time, the word “Erasmus” also served as the acronym for
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Between 1976 and 1987, the foundations for what would later become Erasmus were laid through the "Joint Study Programme" (JSP) scheme in higher education. The organisation and execution of the JSP was entrusted to the
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Nearly 14 million people have participated in the Erasmus programme since its creation. The number of young participants has increased significantly since 1987. Nearly 300,000 a year compared with only 3,244 in 1987.
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the development of international partnerships following the priorities of the Programme, such as inclusion and diversity, digital transformation, environment and climate change or participation in democratic life.
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Erasmus+ key action one provides a unique opportunity for teachers, headmasters, trainers and other staff of education institutions to participate in international training courses in different European countries.
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and training, youth and sport. In all these sectors, the aim is to provide support, through life-long learning, for the educational, professional and personal development of participants in Europe and beyond.
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creator of the Erasmus Programme. She gives a particular attention to the need to activate an exchange between young people from all over Europe to contribute to the strengthening of its unity and integrity.
360:. Although the court held that the adoption was procedurally flawed, it maintained the substance of the decision; a further decision, adapted in the light of the jurisprudence, was rapidly adopted by the
240:, became one of the main figures of European intellectual life during the Renaissance. Known for his satire, Erasmus urged internal reform of the Catholic Church. He encouraged a recovery of the Catholic
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life-enhancing dimension both in personal terms and for their careers. This is true of all parts of the programme forming the present “Erasmus+”, though most data is available for higher education.
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Students who join the Erasmus Programme study at least three months or do an internship for a period of at least 2 months to an academic year in another European country. The former case is called a
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established by the European Commission in 1994. The Socrates programme ended on 31 December 1999 and was replaced with the Socrates II programme on 24 January 2000, which in turn was replaced by the
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Baños-Martínez, V. . (2022). Articulation of an Erasmus+ project for senior university students. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional De Humanidades, 14(6), 1–11.
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From 1987 to 2006, over two million students benefited from Erasmus grants, and the European Commission aimed to reach a total of 3 million by 2012. In 2004 Erasmus Programme was awarded the
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Other activities include “Jean Monnet” actions, which support teaching, learning, research and debates on European integration matters, e.g. on the EU’s future challenges and opportunities.
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308:(who later became president of the trans-European movement Newropeans) which in 1986–1987 convinced French president François Mitterrand to support the creation of the Erasmus programme.
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tool and it reflects the political motivation behind its creation, including the task of legitimising the European institutions. This conception has already presented in the project of
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should implement, a comprehensive European inter-university programme of exchanges and studies aimed at giving this opportunity to a significant section of the EU's student population.
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575:. The Erasmus Programme guarantees that the period spent abroad is recognised by their university when they come back, as long as they abide by terms previously agreed.
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L'impact du Comité Adonnino (1984–1986): Rapprocher les Communautés Européennes des Citoyens, Nathalie Tousignant, Etudes Internationales, vol. 36, 1 maart 2005, Erudit
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the European student population, took part. The proportion is higher among university teachers, where Erasmus teacher mobility is 1.9% of the teacher population in
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2194:"Why Educational Exchange Programmes Miss Their Mark: Cross-Border Mobility, Education and European Identity*: Why educational exchange programmes miss their mark"
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In order to reduce expenses and increase mobility, many students also use the European Commission-supported accommodation network, CasaSwap, FlatClub, Erasmusinn,
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285:. This initiative gained traction as more universities and students participated, contributing to the development of mobility, partnership, and joint curricula.
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deteriorated, and the latter withdrew the proposal in early 1987 to protest against the inadequacy of the triennial budget proposed by some member states.
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should establish a cross-frontier cooperation enabling students to pursue part of their studies in an establishment in a member state other than their own;
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This method of voting, a simple majority, was not accepted by some of the opposing member states, who challenged the adoption of the decision before the
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The Erasmus impact study: effects of mobility on the skills and employability of students and the internationalisation of higher education institutions
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programme is a parallel programme oriented towards globalising European education and is open to non-Europeans with Europeans being exceptional cases.
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starting in 2014. It ultimately collected only 71,057 signatures from citizens across the EU out of 1 million signatures needed by 1 November 2013.
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this idea and make it known in the academic and institutional spheres. The project was born after an initiative of the EGEE student association (now
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Erasmus+ conducted projects in Central Asia's Kazakhstan, funding 40 projects involving 47 Kazach universities with more than 35.5 million euros.
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1984:. Rome: Laboratorio di educazione permanente, Dipartimento di scienze della formazione, Università degli Studi Statale Roma tre. pp. 19–21.
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The programme's origins can be traced through a series of significant events documented on the official European Commission programme page:
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Feyen, B. The Making of a Success Story: the Creation of the programme in the Historical Context. in B. Feyen & Krzaklewska (eds.),
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that "There is no threat to the ERASMUS scheme." The UK deciding to utilise the funds it would have paid into Erasmus+ to create the
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Benjamin Feyen/Ewa Krzaklewska (eds.): "The ERASMUS Phenomenon – Symbol of a New European Generation?" Peter Lang Publishing, 2013,
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Full information on the current profile and the activities for which funding within the programme is available, can be found in the
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174:. The lack of peer-to-peer support was singled out as a major issue, but it was also a driving force behind the creation of the
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estimates that the program has resulted directly in the births of over 1 million children, sometimes called "Erasmus Babies".
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264:. He was one of the first intellectuals to use as a vehicle of diffusion of his ideas a path-breaking technology, namely the
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These suggestions were advanced by the Belgian member Prosper Thuysbaert and were discussed and approved by the committee.
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Session du Conseil Européen, Milan 28 et 29 juin 1985, Conclusions des Sessions du Conseil Européen (1975–1990), 240–245.
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is the country that has allowed most people to participate in Erasmus with more than 40,000 per year, slightly ahead of
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1277:"Kazakh universities take part in European projects: Erasmus+ Projects Fair opened at the Eurasian National University"
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2147:"Cross-border mobility and European identity: The effectiveness of intergroup contact during the ERASMUS year abroad"
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replaced the Socrates programme as the overall umbrella under which the Erasmus (and other) programmes operated.
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The self-finding experiences of “Erasmus” students in France form the basis for Davide Faraldi's first novel
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2233:"Rethinking the 'Erasmus Effect' on European Identity: Rethinking the 'Erasmus effect' on European identity"
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Some academics have speculated that former Erasmus students will prove to be a powerful force in creating a
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The staff home institution must apply to receive the grant to send its staff members abroad for training.
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The Erasmus Programme, together with a number of other independent programmes, was incorporated into the
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Balancing student mobility rights and national higher education : autonomy in the European Union
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1987. The responsibility for the central operations office of the programme was in the hands of the
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One issue discussed is whether participation in the Erasmus programma helps generate more European
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and its subsequent adaptation for television, Marianne goes to Sweden via the “Erasmus” programme.
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Various documentary films have been produced around the programme, notably the Italian documentary
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Graffiti commemorating participation in the Erasmus+ programme on the primary school building in
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678:, an “Erasmus” party is the scene for an important experience for fresher student Sally Timms.
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and certain excessive devotional practices. He famously clashed with Protestant revolutionary
236:, called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists". Erasmus, along with his good friend
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1150:"Green light for Erasmus+: More than 4 million to get EU grants for skills and employability"
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In 1989, the Erasmus Bureau invited 32 former Erasmus students for an evaluation meeting in
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Di Pietro, Giorgio (20 August 2008). "Who Studies Abroad? Evidence from France and Italy".
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whether there is positive correlation between the programme and pro-European integration.
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1581:"Grade uncertainty and the adverse selection of Erasmus students: a Spanish experience"
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From 1973 to 1976, the first European-level education action programme was established.
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1523:"The Socio-Economic Background of Erasmus Students: A Trend Towards Wider Inclusion?"
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1361:"Cheaper and more global' Brexit Britain hailed as new scheme trounces EU's Erasmus"
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was founded in 2001 by Erasmus exchange programme students, and is headquartered in
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has been suspended as a participant in the Erasmus programme as of 2015, following
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and a goal to increase the budget for EU exchange programmes like Erasmus or the
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1199:"Procedure File: 2011/0371(COD) – Legislative Observatory – European Parliament"
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640:(2002) are enrolled in the programme, which plays a central role in the film.
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1955:"Europe's 'soft power': EU Commissioner Tibor Navracsics on European identity"
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260:. Erasmus travelled widely across Europe and he was a pioneer of the European
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became one of the elements of the Lifelong Learning Programme (2007–2013).
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1789:"What is the real impact of the Erasmus programme on university students?"
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1681:"Erasmus+ | Outgoing | International Office | TU Chemnitz"
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Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture
1101:"Open initiatives – European Citizens' Initiative – European Commission"
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693:) is based on the Erasmus programme, where the protagonist Haya goes to
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European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students
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European Commission programme for education, training, youth, and sport
2062:"Umberto Eco: 'It's culture, not war, that cements European identity'"
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tradition against what he considered to be contemporary abuses of the
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1381:"Commission adopts proposal for the next Erasmus programme 2021–2027"
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having benefitted from it and promises made by then-Prime Minister
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2076:"'You Wouldn't Exist Without Europe': The Erasmus Baby Phenomenon"
1247:"Erasmus Plus Funding for Teacher Training Courses | Erasmus+ KA1"
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remaining countries were broadly in favour. Exchanges between the
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1762:"Student rooms and accommodation, internships and erasmus guides"
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1498:"Erasmus students as a proportion of graduates in 2012, page 35"
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who participate in Erasmus programme and are assumed to support
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By the time the Erasmus Programme was adopted in June 1987, the
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The programme is named after the Dutch philosopher, theologian,
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The programme's objective is pursued through three key actions:
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1706:"What administration do I have to do before departure? – ISBI"
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Key action 2: Cooperation among organisations and institutions
1982:
Student mobility in higher education Erasmus and Erasmus plus
1927:
Iain Wilson, What should we Expect of ‘Erasmus Generations’,
1404:"Erasmus+ 2021–2027: Budget tripled for the 2021–2027 period"
790:
European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport
733:
535:
523:
301:
167:
2344:
501:
3164:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
3158:
2752:
1942:
The Erasmus Phenomenon-Symbol of a New European Generation?
990:"Higher education institutions holding an ECHE – 2021–2027"
615:
225:
111:
Key action 3: Support to policy development and cooperation
3794:
Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union
1765:
868:
European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
864:(EMSA) – non-profit European medical students organisation
2704:
Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
1809:
1736:"Swiss students out of Erasmus program starting in 2015"
1480:"Press release—Another record-breaking year for Erasmus"
1124:"European Citizens Initiatives – one year of challenges"
850:
Association des États Généraux des Étudiants de l'Europe
387:
382:
Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
268:
and spent a lot of his time inside printing workshops.
2402:
Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
2721:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2498:
United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia
620:
351:
1327:"UK students lose Erasmus membership in Brexit deal"
937:"What's in a name? History of the Erasmus Programme"
870:(ESTIEM) – non-profit European students organisation
330:
2349:
2029:
2006:"In the spotlight: Erasmus+ brings people together"
1786:
852:(AEGEE) – non-profit European students organisation
3176:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
931:
929:
927:
925:
634:Most of the characters in the French-Spanish film
608:and diplomatic value for participating countries.
34:Logo of the current Erasmus+ programme (2021–2027)
2673:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
2123:20.500.11820/f3b95d45-89dd-445a-b20f-d038b3760bb0
2095:"What Should we Expect of 'Erasmus Generations'?"
905:Enhancing Student Mobility through Online Support
858:(ESU) – non-profit European students organisation
846:(ESN) – non-profit European students organisation
3785:
1359:Di Santolo, Alessandra Scotto (8 January 2022).
1312:"Prime minister denies threat to Erasmus scheme"
1121:
922:
482:
437:
3134:Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO)
105:Key action 1: Learning mobility of individuals
3357:Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)
2809:
2481:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
2372:
1787:Rodríguez-Izquierdo, Rosa M. (8 March 2023).
1454:"Spain: The most popular Erasmus destination"
418:Citizens' initiative for more money 2014–2020
604:The programme has become a valued source of
890:University Mobility in Asia and the Pacific
701:, which marks a turning point in her life.
3041:Sovereign states and dependent territories
2816:
2802:
2596:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
2379:
2365:
2340:Erasmus website of the European Commission
2304:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2269:
1668:https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.4169
1358:
252:on the subject of free will. ERASMUS is a
3159:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
2121:
1631:
1596:
1585:Journal of Contemporary European Research
1219:
763:
502:Participation and impact of the programme
200:
3124:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
2230:
1899:"Quietly sprouting: A European identity"
1896:
1521:Otero, Manuel Souto (12 February 2008).
1016:
953:Council decision, OJ L 166, 25 June 1987
885:Socrates Network for Translator Training
616:Erasmus in the media and popular culture
505:
209:
29:
2897:Crisis situations and unrest since 2000
2771:Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative
2530:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
2144:
1979:
1486:from the original on 20 September 2014.
1401:
14:
3786:
3372:European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
2237:JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies
2198:JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies
2102:JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies
2092:
1878:from the original on 25 September 2015
1578:
1318:
862:European Medical Students' Association
367:
205:
197:suggested stay is of 5 teaching days.
2797:
2759:Camfed, Campaign for Female Education
2702:
2400:
2360:
1868:"Cafébabel, the first European media"
1520:
1429:"EUR-Lex – 32021R0817 – EN – EUR-Lex"
1324:
964:"EUR-Lex – 31987D0327 – DE – EUR-Lex"
394:Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013
388:Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013
191:Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013
2640:Malaria Research and Training Centre
2389:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
2191:
1834:from the original on 31 August 2015.
1402:Benakis, Theodoros (28 March 2019).
1257:from the original on 7 November 2017
1160:from the original on 22 January 2015
1122:Simona Pronckutė (1 November 2013).
970:from the original on 17 October 2017
567:, while the latter case is called a
3238:European Union Customs Union (EUCU)
3221:European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)
2823:
2620:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
2039:. European Union. pp. 14, 70.
1325:Adams, Richard (24 December 2020).
1004:"Higher Education (teaching staff)"
772:. In 2005, the political scientist
24:
3367:Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC)
3144:European Political Community (EPC)
2316:
2059:
1897:Bennhold, Katrin (26 April 2005).
1510:from the original on 5 March 2016.
1383:. European Commission. 30 May 2018
1209:from the original on 23 June 2017.
1023:Erasmus and the Age of Reformation
352:European Court of Justice decision
25:
3830:
2632:Manhiça Centre of Health Research
2333:
1909:from the original on 27 July 2017
1742:from the original on 3 April 2015
1621:from the original on 29 May 2016.
1530:International Review of Education
1222:"How to read the Programme Guide"
1111:from the original on 6 July 2014.
426:was registered as Europe's first
399:
331:1987 European Commission proposal
2852:Bibliography of European history
2661:National Transplant Organization
2210:10.1111/j.1468-5965.2012.02286.x
2114:10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02158.x
1929:Journal of Common Market Studies
1816:from the original on 4 May 2014.
1646:10.1111/j.1465-3435.2008.00355.x
1130:from the original on 18 May 2014
1038:"Sofia Corradi, "Mamma Erasmus""
3519:Social (and financial) rankings
3321:Financial (and social) rankings
3231:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
2644:Kintampo Health Research Centre
2263:
2224:
2185:
2138:
2086:
2068:
2053:
2023:
1998:
1973:
1947:
1934:
1921:
1890:
1860:
1838:
1820:
1810:"Erasmus 24_7 Official Website"
1802:
1780:
1754:
1728:
1698:
1678:
1672:
1660:
1625:
1572:
1514:
1490:
1472:
1446:
1421:
1395:
1373:
1352:
1304:
1287:
1269:
1239:
1213:
1191:
1172:
1142:
1115:
1093:
874:European Credit Transfer System
651:Erasmus, notre plus belle année
545:
234:Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam
215:Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam
3139:Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)
2681:for the Advancement of Science
2270:Hoogenboom, Alexander (2017).
1828:"Online novels by Nimra Ahmed"
1226:Erasmus+ – European Commission
1065:
1056:
1030:
1010:
996:
982:
956:
947:
880:European Higher Education Area
13:
1:
3362:Eurasian Customs Union (EACU)
2391:for International Cooperation
1634:European Journal of Education
1026:. London: Phaidon Press, Ltd.
915:
569:Student Mobility of Placement
428:European Citizens' Initiative
3216:European Economic Area (EEA)
2030:European Commission (2014).
1579:Varela, Diego (5 May 2016).
1220:Anonymous (7 October 2016).
1126:. EuropeanPublicAffairs.eu.
721:
561:Student Mobility for Studies
483:Erasmus+ Programme 2021–2027
438:Erasmus+ Programme 2014–2020
293:European Cultural Foundation
283:European Cultural Foundation
7:
3088:International organisations
2915:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2731:Hispanic Society of America
2657:The Transplantation Society
2606:2004: The European Union's
2590:International Space Station
2231:Mitchell, Kristine (2015).
827:
85:
10:
3835:
3479:Electricity use per capita
2986:Largest metropolitan areas
2753:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
2276:. Leiden. pp. 72–75.
2145:Sigalas, Emmanuel (2010).
895:Student exchange programme
554:
486:
432:European Voluntary Service
403:
76:student exchange programme
3740:
3679:
3561:
3504:
3495:
3464:Health expense per capita
3380:
3349:
3311:
3307:
3298:
3184:
3116:
3078:
3074:
3065:
2964:
2955:
2923:
2844:
2835:
2709:
2698:
2651:World Health Organization
2602:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
2584:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
2407:
2396:
1550:10.1007/s11159-007-9081-9
796:, Erasmus programme is a
598:
358:European Court of Justice
3694:Childhood population (%)
3429:GNI (nominal) per capita
2911:hybrid variant (2020-22)
2636:Ifakara Health Institute
2163:10.1177/1465116510363656
1086:11 December 2008 at the
856:European Students' Union
788:According to the former
728:The online public forum
656:
629:
621:The "Erasmus experience"
120:Erasmus+ Programme Guide
3814:Government scholarships
3129:Council of Europe (CoE)
3108:Transatlantic relations
2526:Government of Guatemala
2453:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
2443:University of Salamanca
2350:Erasmus Student Network
2151:European Union Politics
1980:Corradi, Sofia (2015).
1598:10.30950/jcer.v12i2.697
1295:"The Erasmus Programme"
844:Erasmus Student Network
176:Erasmus Student Network
2475:Hans-Dietrich Genscher
2192:Kuhn, Theresa (2012).
1931:, Vol.49, No.5, p.1114
1710:associatie.kuleuven.be
1203:www.europarl.europa.eu
764:The Erasmus generation
518:
217:
201:Background and history
35:
3469:Military spending (%)
3459:Unemployment rate (%)
3204:free trade agreements
2969:Areas and populations
2447:University of Coimbra
1846:"Cafébabel. About us"
770:pan-European identity
712:subsequent adaptation
509:
213:
78:established in 1987.
33:
3474:Urban population (%)
3434:GNI (PPP) per capita
2979:European microstates
2556:Fatana Ishaq Gailani
2540:Olayinka Koso-Thomas
2488:Frederik W. de Klerk
1185:4 March 2014 at the
782:European integration
377:, or 20,877 people.
362:Council of Ministers
222:Renaissance Humanist
132:Erasmus of Rotterdam
3454:Press Freedom Index
3381:Sovereign states by
3226:Eastern Partnership
2862:Classical antiquity
2737:Amref Health Africa
2419:Enrique V. Iglesias
2413:José López Portillo
2093:Wilson, I. (2011).
2010:European Commission
1872:European Commission
1542:2008IREdu..54..135O
1154:European Commission
818:European Commission
681:Pakistani novelist
663:Generazione Erasmus
637:L'Auberge espagnole
368:Adoption and growth
346:European Commission
337:European Commission
262:Republic of Letters
206:Origins of the name
193:on 1 January 2007.
3804:Desiderius Erasmus
3593:Capital of Culture
3444:Internet users (%)
3336:Telecommunications
3103:Post-Soviet Europe
2941:predecessor states
2679:Max Planck Society
2425:Belisario Betancur
2249:10.1111/jcms.12152
1961:. 18 December 2017
1903:The New York Times
1768:on 5 November 2014
1685:www.tu-chemnitz.de
839:Comenius programme
695:Sabancı University
519:
218:
187:Socrates programme
36:
3819:Erasmus Programme
3799:Academic transfer
3781:
3780:
3736:
3735:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3350:Intergovernmental
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3248:Foreign relations
3149:GUAM Organization
3117:Intergovernmental
3061:
3060:
2974:Countries by area
2951:
2950:
2902:COVID-19 pandemic
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2694:
2693:
2686:Fulbright Program
2608:Erasmus Programme
2469:Mikhail Gorbachev
2387:Laureates of the
2328:978-3-631-62719-8
2283:978-90-04-34445-7
2046:978-92-79-38380-9
1433:eur-lex.europa.eu
1408:European Interest
1300:. 6 January 2021.
834:Academic mobility
448:Leonardo da Vinci
40:Erasmus Programme
16:(Redirected from
3826:
3756:
3749:
3502:
3501:
3326:Free trade areas
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
2962:
2961:
2842:
2841:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2700:
2699:
2659:and the Spanish
2552:Rigoberta Menchú
2398:
2397:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2295:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2108:(5): 1113–1140.
2099:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2080:University Times
2072:
2066:
2065:
2060:Riotta, Gianni.
2057:
2051:
2050:
2038:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1932:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1874:. 16 July 2013.
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1764:. Archived from
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1712:. Archived from
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1600:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1527:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1456:. Archived from
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1251:TEACHER TRAINING
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1195:
1189:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1097:
1091:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1040:. Archived from
1034:
1028:
1027:
1020:, Johan (1924).
1014:
1008:
1007:
1000:
994:
993:
986:
980:
979:
977:
975:
960:
954:
951:
945:
944:
943:on 4 April 2013.
939:. Archived from
933:
900:Public diplomacy
794:Tibor Navracsics
714:by Irish author
691:Leaves of Heaven
581:the popular vote
469:Suella Braverman
392:After 2007, the
306:Franck Biancheri
143:opean Community
90:Erasmus+ is the
50:opean Community
21:
18:Socrates-Erasmus
3834:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3732:
3716:Life expectancy
3704:genetic history
3675:
3610:Classical music
3557:
3546:Bologna Process
3509:Ages of consent
3483:
3393:Budget revenues
3376:
3345:
3286:
3180:
3112:
3057:
2947:
2919:
2877:Early modernity
2831:
2822:
2792:
2783:
2765:Ellen MacArthur
2725:Paris Agreement
2705:
2690:
2578:Valeri Polyakov
2431:Contadora group
2403:
2392:
2385:
2336:
2319:
2317:Further reading
2314:
2313:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2268:
2264:
2229:
2225:
2204:(6): 994–1010.
2190:
2186:
2143:
2139:
2097:
2091:
2087:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1630:
1626:
1577:
1573:
1525:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1460:on 7 April 2022
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1218:
1214:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1187:Wayback Machine
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1120:
1116:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1088:Wayback Machine
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1001:
997:
988:
987:
983:
973:
971:
962:
961:
957:
952:
948:
935:
934:
923:
918:
830:
766:
726:
710:(2020) and its
697:Turkey through
659:
632:
623:
618:
601:
557:
548:
504:
491:
485:
440:
424:Fraternité 2020
420:
408:
402:
390:
370:
354:
333:
208:
203:
88:
70:tudents") is a
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3832:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3758:
3757:
3750:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:film festivals
3595:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3567:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3190:
3188:
3186:European Union
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
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3079:
3069:
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3008:
3006:Extreme points
3003:
3001:Climate change
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2869:
2867:Late antiquity
2864:
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2854:
2848:
2846:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2798:
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2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2682:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2653:
2647:
2634:(Mozambique),
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2562:
2548:Fatiha Boudiaf
2532:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2500:
2494:
2492:Nelson Mandela
2484:
2477:
2471:
2465:Jacques Delors
2461:
2455:
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2439:
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2427:
2421:
2415:
2408:
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2334:External links
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2282:
2262:
2243:(2): 330–348.
2223:
2184:
2157:(2): 241–265.
2137:
2085:
2067:
2052:
2045:
2022:
1997:
1990:
1972:
1946:
1933:
1920:
1889:
1859:
1837:
1819:
1801:
1779:
1753:
1727:
1716:on 12 May 2019
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1640:(3): 389–398.
1624:
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1536:(2): 135–154.
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1281:eeas.europa.eu
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1064:
1055:
1044:on 25 May 2021
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836:
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806:educationalist
765:
762:
725:
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699:Erasmus Mundus
687:Jannat K Patte
672:'s 1997 novel
670:David Mitchell
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487:Main article:
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406:Erasmus Mundus
404:Main article:
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230:Roman Catholic
207:
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151:cheme for the
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72:European Union
58:cheme for the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3699:Ethnic groups
3697:
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3432:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3405:GDP (nominal)
3403:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3373:
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3297:
3283:
3280:
3276:
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3270:Schengen Area
3268:
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3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
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3119:
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3109:
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3104:
3101:
3099:
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3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:by population
3044:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2970:
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2958:
2954:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2937:
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2929:
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2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2740:
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2728:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:Yasser Arafat
2505:
2504:Yitzhak Rabin
2501:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:Raúl Alfonsín
2434:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2399:
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2377:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2362:
2359:
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2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2307:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2042:
2035:
2034:
2026:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1993:
1991:9788890527326
1987:
1983:
1976:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1924:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1847:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1790:
1783:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1686:
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1675:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1628:
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1547:
1543:
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1481:
1475:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1434:
1430:
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1382:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1366:Daily Express
1362:
1355:
1340:
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1328:
1321:
1313:
1307:
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1282:
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1216:
1208:
1204:
1200:
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1125:
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1059:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1025:
1024:
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1013:
1005:
999:
991:
985:
969:
965:
959:
950:
942:
938:
932:
930:
928:
926:
921:
911:
910:Turing scheme
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
825:
821:
819:
815:
810:
807:
804:, an Italian
803:
802:Sofia Corradi
799:
795:
791:
786:
783:
779:
775:
771:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
708:
707:Normal People
704:In the novel
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
676:
671:
666:
664:
654:
652:
648:
647:
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638:
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613:
609:
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570:
566:
562:
552:
543:
539:
537:
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529:
525:
517:
513:
508:
499:
495:
490:
480:
478:
477:Turing scheme
474:
473:Boris Johnson
470:
466:
461:
458:
455:
451:
449:
444:
435:
433:
429:
425:
422:In May 2012,
415:
413:
407:
397:
395:
385:
383:
378:
376:
365:
363:
359:
349:
347:
343:
342:member states
338:
328:
322:
319:
318:
317:
313:
309:
307:
304:) founded by
303:
294:
289:
288:
284:
279:
278:
274:
273:
272:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:Martin Luther
247:
243:
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235:
231:
228:, and devout
227:
223:
216:
212:
198:
194:
192:
188:
183:
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162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
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110:
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104:
103:
102:
99:
95:
93:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
3809:Scholarships
3681:Demographics
3640:Christianity
3588:Architecture
3550:
3541:Universities
3449:Minimum wage
3388:Average wage
2892:Pax Europaea
2887:World War II
2747:Khan Academy
2667:Bill Drayton
2642:(Mali), and
2638:(Tanzania),
2607:
2574:Chiaki Mukai
2544:Graça Machel
2514:Mário Soares
2354:
2272:
2265:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2105:
2101:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2055:
2032:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2009:
2000:
1981:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1958:
1949:
1941:
1936:
1928:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1902:
1892:
1882:24 September
1880:. Retrieved
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1840:
1822:
1804:
1792:. Retrieved
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:the original
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:the original
1709:
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:
1679:IUZ, Admin.
1674:
1662:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1533:
1529:
1516:
1492:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1458:the original
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1432:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1407:
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1375:
1364:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1331:The Guardian
1330:
1320:
1306:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1250:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:
1215:
1202:
1193:
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1153:
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1117:
1105:ec.europa.eu
1104:
1095:
1081:Ec.europa.eu
1076:
1067:
1058:
1048:17 September
1046:. Retrieved
1042:the original
1032:
1022:
1012:
998:
984:
972:. Retrieved
958:
949:
941:the original
822:
811:
787:
774:Stefan Wolff
767:
729:
727:
722:
716:Sally Rooney
705:
703:
690:
686:
680:
673:
667:
662:
660:
646:Erasmus 24 7
644:
642:
635:
633:
624:
610:
606:'soft power'
602:
590:
586:
572:
568:
564:
560:
558:
549:
546:Requirements
540:
520:
496:
492:
462:
459:
456:
452:
441:
421:
409:
391:
379:
371:
355:
334:
326:
314:
310:
298:
270:
266:movable type
257:
219:
195:
184:
180:
165:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
124:
117:
114:
100:
96:
89:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
37:
3711:Immigration
3275:Visa policy
3258:enlargement
3154:Open Balkan
3093:Integration
2936:Sovereignty
2882:World War I
2872:Middle Ages
2743:Salman Khan
2614:Simone Veil
2566:Pedro Duque
2536:Emma Bonino
2520:Helmut Kohl
2459:Óscar Arias
1848:. Cafébabel
1772:30 December
1746:30 December
1344:27 December
1164:30 December
683:Nimra Ahmed
675:Slade House
577:Switzerland
295:until 1995.
238:Thomas More
155:obility of
62:obility of
3788:Categories
3728:Retirement
3630:Philosophy
3625:Literature
3529:endangered
3422:per capita
3410:per capita
3398:per capita
3282:Statistics
3169:statistics
3083:Eurosphere
2857:Prehistory
2845:Chronology
2729:2017: The
2594:2002: The
2570:John Glenn
2560:Somaly Mam
1913:24 January
1438:16 January
1387:8 December
1261:4 November
1231:5 December
974:17 October
916:References
814:solidarity
798:soft power
588:expenses.
446:(Erasmus,
246:Sacraments
163:tudents".
159:niversity
66:niversity
3721:by region
3581:sculpture
3536:Tattooing
3524:Languages
3514:Etiquette
3417:GDP (PPP)
3341:Transport
3211:Education
3199:relations
3026:Mountains
2957:Geography
2715:Knowledge
2345:Cafébabel
2300:cite book
2292:995162537
2218:154731420
2179:145366910
2171:1465-1165
2132:152860534
1959:France 24
1654:1465-3435
1615:156295309
1607:1815-347X
1558:0020-8566
1339:0261-3077
1180:relevance
1134:20 August
778:Europeans
730:Cafébabel
723:Cafébabel
685:'s novel
254:backronym
242:Patristic
3763:Category
3666:Armorial
3635:Religion
3576:painting
3265:Politics
3243:Eurozone
3067:Politics
3053:Villages
2931:Military
2924:By topic
2829:articles
2745:and the
2723:and the
2528:and the
2257:55156492
1907:Archived
1876:Archived
1832:Archived
1814:Archived
1794:10 March
1740:Archived
1720:2 August
1690:2 August
1619:Archived
1566:40096930
1505:Archived
1484:Archived
1255:Archived
1207:Archived
1183:Archived
1158:Archived
1128:Archived
1109:Archived
1084:Archived
1018:Huizinga
968:Archived
828:See also
665:(2008).
653:(2017).
593:Eurasmus
489:Erasmus+
443:Erasmus+
344:and the
256:meaning
128:Erasmus+
86:Overview
80:Erasmus+
3747:Outline
3662:Symbols
3650:Judaism
3615:Cuisine
3563:Culture
3551:Erasmus
3497:Society
3316:History
3300:Economy
3253:Members
3194:Economy
3031:Regions
3016:Islands
3011:Geology
2996:Climate
2837:History
2646:(Ghana)
2626:Al Gore
2483:(UNHCR)
1852:25 June
1538:Bibcode
1464:23 July
1413:24 June
754:Spanish
750:Italian
742:English
555:Details
532:Germany
512:Pilszcz
172:Belgium
3768:Portal
3689:Ageing
3598:Cinema
3331:Energy
3036:Rivers
2991:Cities
2827:
2825:Europe
2776:2024:
2773:(DNDi)
2769:2023:
2763:2022:
2757:2021:
2751:2020:
2741:2019:
2735:2018:
2719:2016:
2713:2015:
2684:2014:
2677:2013:
2671:2012:
2665:2011:
2655:2010:
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2130:
2043:
2015:13 May
1988:
1965:13 May
1944:(p.22)
1652:
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1605:
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1337:
876:(ECTS)
758:Polish
746:German
738:French
599:Impact
528:France
516:Poland
465:Brexit
375:Europe
147:ction
54:ction
3754:Index
3670:Flags
3657:Sport
3645:Islam
3620:Dance
3021:Lakes
2906:Delta
2780:(OEI)
2253:S2CID
2214:S2CID
2175:S2CID
2128:S2CID
2098:(PDF)
2037:(PDF)
1611:S2CID
1591:(2).
1562:S2CID
1526:(PDF)
1508:(PDF)
1501:(PDF)
1298:(PDF)
734:Paris
657:Books
630:Films
536:Italy
524:Spain
463:With
302:AEGEE
168:Ghent
74:(EU)
3773:Maps
2909:cron
2904:and
2506:and
2490:and
2467:and
2445:and
2324:ISBN
2306:link
2288:OCLC
2278:ISBN
2167:ISSN
2041:ISBN
2017:2019
1986:ISBN
1967:2019
1915:2019
1884:2015
1854:2020
1796:2024
1774:2014
1748:2014
1722:2019
1692:2019
1650:ISSN
1603:ISSN
1554:ISSN
1466:2021
1440:2022
1415:2019
1389:2018
1346:2020
1335:ISSN
1263:2017
1233:2019
1166:2014
1136:2014
1050:2019
976:2017
756:and
534:and
410:The
226:monk
38:The
3571:Art
3439:HDI
3098:Law
2550:,
2245:doi
2206:doi
2159:doi
2118:hdl
2110:doi
1642:doi
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668:In
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