280:
Yusuf's army ravaged the rest of
Armenia as it advanced toward Berd Kapoyt (Blue Fortress), where Smbat had taken refuge, and besieged it for some time. Smbat finally decided to surrender himself to Yusuf in 914 in hopes of ending the Arab onslaught; Yusuf, however, showed no compassion toward his
239:
Smbat's successes shortly came to a halt when Afshin decided that he could not countenance a powerful
Armenia so close to his domains. He retook Dvin and managed to take Smbat's wife as a hostage until she was released in exchange for Smbat's son Mushegh, and his nephew also called Smbat. The wars
228:(Afshin), Smbat convinced him that the alliance would not only be for the dual benefit of Byzantium and Armenia but would also work to the economic favor of the Arabs. Smbat also achieved a major victory when on April 21, 892, he recaptured the former Armenian capital of
272:, Yusuf's nominal sovereign, sent aid to Smbat; several Armenian princes also chose to withhold their support. Those who did ally with Smbat were brutally dealt with by Yusuf: Smbat's son Mushegh, his nephew Smbat, and Grigor II of Western Syunik were all poisoned.
289:, writes that the ground where the crucifix was raised became a site for pilgrimage for both Christians and non-Christians. Information provided by later Armenian authors suggested that Smbat's body was taken down and brought to the monastery at
264:
into Yusuf's arms since the city was a part of Gagik's domains. Yusuf took advantage of this feud by awarding Gagik a crown in 908, thus making him King Gagik I of
Vaspurakan and creating an Armenian state opposed to the one led by Smbat.
252:. While Yusuf's reign was not immediately hostile, Smbat committed a series of blunders that led to several of his allies to turn their backs on him: having sought to placate his eastern ally, Smbat of Syunik', by ceding to him
811:
214:(Yerazgavors), following a brief attempt by his uncle Abas to disrupt his succession to the throne. Smbat continued his father's policy of maintaining cordial relations with the
866:
445:
Manuk-Khaloyan, Armen, "In the
Cemetery of their Ancestors: The Royal Burial Tombs of the Bagratuni Kings of Greater Armenia (890-1073/79),"
285:, tortured the Armenian king to death, beheaded him, and put the headless body on display on a cross in Dvin. Smbat's contemporary,
515:
1212:
643:
1222:
1217:
421:
The
Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I, The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century
1232:
1207:
994:
447:
982:
474:
183:
1126:
1088:
935:
532:
668:
268:
As Yusuf began a new campaign against Smbat in conjunction with Gagik in 909, neither the
Byzantines nor the
1024:
1006:
508:
1073:
1012:
988:
955:
232:
from the Arabs. In some of these endeavors Smbat received strong support from his neighbor to the north,
1227:
1202:
1144:
1093:
1078:
1068:
1036:
976:
733:
308:
286:
1149:
1058:
524:
225:
211:
1098:
1000:
816:
756:
619:
218:
but remained mindful of the Arabs' fears of the Armeno-Byzantine alliance. Speaking with the Arab
1108:
1063:
1018:
791:
604:
501:
1103:
1030:
761:
741:
723:
718:
708:
698:
469:
424:
241:
20:
856:
821:
806:
678:
233:
1197:
1192:
920:
851:
786:
693:
8:
945:
925:
910:
776:
766:
751:
485:
361:
229:
195:
117:
371:
930:
900:
771:
614:
462:
324:
191:
163:
143:
58:
1159:
1118:
1040:
915:
703:
576:
379:
375:
253:
199:
187:
175:
133:
121:
112:
365:
1167:
1083:
890:
826:
652:
638:
591:
399:
340:
215:
1136:
543:
348:
40:
836:
407:
269:
257:
1186:
673:
383:
240:
against
Armenia continued even after Afshin's death in 901, when his brother
419:
Garsoïan, Nina G. (1997), "The
Independent Kingdoms of Medieval Armenia" in
688:
629:
876:
781:
713:
648:
634:
624:
556:
153:
861:
846:
609:
599:
581:
571:
551:
290:
261:
103:
1050:
871:
831:
796:
683:
566:
493:
402:(1976), "Երկիրը միավորելու ձգտում և պայքար օտար ներխուժման դեմ" in
968:
940:
841:
746:
249:
68:
561:
315:, trans. Krikor Maksoudian. Atlanta, GA: Scholar's Press, p. 138.
220:
128:
410:
et al. Yerevan: Armenian
Academy of Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 36-67.
801:
282:
92:
351:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, vol. 4, pp. 227ff.
182:; c. 850–912/14) was the second king of the medieval
343:(1975). "The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran," in
331:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 30-31.
1184:
436:Garsoian. "Independent Kingdoms," pp. 157-158.
360:
31:
509:
516:
502:
329:The Making of the Georgian Nation, 2nd ed
19:For other people with the same name, see
427:. New York: St. Martin's Press, p. 157.
1185:
523:
497:
367:The Arab Emirates in Bagratid Armenia
210:Smbat I was crowned king in 892 in
13:
14:
1244:
256:city, Smbat inadvertently drove
439:
430:
413:
390:
354:
334:
318:
302:
281:prisoner as he brought him to
1:
1213:10th-century monarchs in Asia
345:The Cambridge History of Iran
296:
1223:10th-century Armenian people
1218:9th-century kings of Armenia
448:Revue des Études Arméniennes
198:(known as Ashot Yerkat) and
7:
475:Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia
451:35 (2013), pp. 143-44, 158.
10:
1249:
1233:Oriental Orthodox monarchs
287:Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi
18:
1208:Kings of Bagratid Armenia
1158:
1135:
1117:
1049:
967:
959:1080–1198 (principality)
954:
889:
732:
661:
590:
542:
531:
482:
467:
459:
309:Yovhannes Drasxanakertc'i
179:
159:
149:
139:
127:
111:
98:
86:
78:
74:
64:
54:
46:
39:
32:
28:
404:Հայ Ժողովրդի Պատմություն
275:
205:
425:Richard G. Hovannisian
226:Muhammad Ibn Abi'l-Saj
194:. He is the father of
21:Smbat (disambiguation)
234:Adarnase IV of Iberia
1033:(prince, later king)
400:Arakelyan, Babken N.
362:Ter-Ghewondyan, Aram
961:1198–1375 (kingdom)
936:Hovhannes-Smbat III
325:Suny, Ronald Grigor
242:Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj
817:Tiridates III (IV)
378:. pp. 63–74.
313:History of Armenia
184:Kingdom of Armenia
164:Armenian Apostolic
1228:Executed monarchs
1203:Bagratuni dynasty
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
885:
884:
525:Armenian monarchs
492:
491:
483:Succeeded by
376:Livraria Bertrand
341:Madelung, Wilfred
188:Bagratuni dynasty
169:
168:
1240:
965:
964:
797:Hormizd-Ardashir
772:Aurelius Pacorus
540:
539:
518:
511:
504:
495:
494:
460:Preceded by
457:
456:
452:
443:
437:
434:
428:
417:
411:
398:
394:
388:
387:
372:Nina G. Garsoïan
370:. Translated by
358:
352:
338:
332:
322:
316:
306:
216:Byzantine Empire
181:
35:
34:
26:
25:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1172:
1154:
1145:Constantine III
1131:
1113:
1045:
960:
958:
950:
893:
881:
812:Tiridates (III)
728:
657:
586:
535:
527:
522:
488:
479:
472:
470:King of Armenia
465:
455:
444:
440:
435:
431:
418:
414:
396:
395:
391:
359:
355:
349:Richard N. Frye
339:
335:
323:
319:
307:
303:
299:
278:
208:
120:
107:
91:
41:King of Armenia
30:
24:
17:
16:King of Armenia
12:
11:
5:
1246:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1150:Constantine IV
1147:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1127:Constantine II
1123:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
995:Constantine II
992:
986:
980:
973:
971:
962:
952:
951:
949:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
897:
895:
887:
886:
883:
882:
880:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
738:
736:
730:
729:
727:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
665:
663:
659:
658:
656:
655:
646:
641:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
596:
594:
588:
587:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
548:
546:
537:
529:
528:
521:
520:
513:
506:
498:
490:
489:
484:
481:
466:
461:
454:
453:
438:
429:
412:
408:Tsatur Aghayan
389:
353:
333:
317:
300:
298:
295:
277:
274:
270:Abbasid caliph
258:Gagik Artsruni
207:
204:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
125:
124:
115:
109:
108:
102:
100:
96:
95:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1245:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Constantine I
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
983:Constantine I
981:
978:
975:
974:
972:
970:
966:
963:
957:
953:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
896:
892:
888:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
852:Vologases III
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
757:Parthamasiris
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
737:
735:
731:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
674:Artavasdes IV
672:
670:
667:
666:
664:
660:
654:
650:
647:
645:
644:Artavades III
642:
640:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
620:Artavasdes II
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
595:
593:
589:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
547:
545:
541:
538:
534:
530:
526:
519:
514:
512:
507:
505:
500:
499:
496:
487:
478:
476:
471:
464:
458:
450:
449:
442:
433:
426:
422:
416:
409:
405:
401:
397:(in Armenian)
393:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:
363:
357:
350:
346:
342:
337:
330:
326:
321:
314:
310:
305:
301:
294:
292:
288:
284:
273:
271:
266:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
203:
201:
197:
193:
190:, and son of
189:
185:
177:
173:
165:
162:
158:
155:
152:
148:
145:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
119:
116:
114:
110:
105:
101:
97:
94:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
27:
22:
905:
792:Tiridates II
782:Vologases II
689:Artaxias III
669:Ariobarzanes
662:Non-dynastic
630:Tigranes III
605:Artavasdes I
468:
446:
441:
432:
420:
415:
403:
392:
366:
356:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
304:
279:
267:
245:
238:
219:
209:
171:
170:
1198:910s deaths
1193:850s births
877:Artaxias IV
822:Khosrov III
762:Vologases I
742:Tiridates I
724:Tigranes VI
719:Tiridates I
714:Rhadamistus
709:Mithridates
699:Mithridates
649:Tigranes IV
635:Tigranes IV
625:Artaxias II
615:Tigranes II
557:Orontes III
254:Nakhichevan
224:(governor)
55:Predecessor
50:ca. 890-914
1187:Categories
1031:Leo II (I)
1025:Roupen III
862:Vramshapuh
857:Khosrov IV
847:Arshak III
807:Khosrov II
679:Tigranes V
610:Tigranes I
600:Artaxias I
582:Orontes IV
572:Arsames II
552:Orontes II
536:336 BC–428
374:. Lisbon:
297:References
291:Artsvanist
262:Vaspurakan
212:Shirakavan
104:Artsvanist
1094:Hethum II
1079:Hethum II
1069:Hethum II
1051:Hethumids
1013:Roupen II
1007:Thoros II
921:Ashot III
891:Bagratids
867:Khosrov V
832:Arshak II
787:Khosrov I
592:Artaxiads
533:Antiquity
384:490638192
364:(1976) .
154:Katranide
134:Bagratuni
65:Successor
1160:Lusignan
1119:Lusignan
1084:Smbat IV
1059:Hethum I
1037:Isabella
1027:(prince)
1021:(prince)
1015:(prince)
1009:(prince)
1003:(prince)
997:(prince)
991:(prince)
989:Thoros I
985:(prince)
979:(prince)
977:Roupen I
969:Rubenids
946:Gagik II
941:Ashot IV
926:Smbat II
911:Ashot II
894:884–1045
842:Varazdat
777:Sohaemus
767:Sohaemus
752:Axidares
747:Sanatruk
734:Arsacids
694:Arshak I
544:Orontids
486:Ashot II
480:890–912
327:(1994).
311:(1987),
250:Arminiya
196:Ashot II
176:Armenian
160:Religion
118:Ashot II
69:Ashot II
29:Smbat I
1099:Leo III
956:Cilicia
931:Gagik I
906:Smbat I
901:Ashot I
684:Vonones
567:Arsames
463:Ashot I
406:, eds.
283:Yernjak
246:ostikan
244:became
221:ostikan
192:Ashot I
186:of the
180:Սմբատ Ա
172:Smbat I
144:Ashot I
129:Dynasty
93:Yernjak
90:ca. 914
82:ca. 850
59:Ashot I
33:Սմբատ Ա
1137:Neghir
1109:Leo IV
1074:Thoros
1064:Leo II
1041:Philip
1039:&
916:Abas I
872:Shapur
802:Narseh
704:Orodes
651:&
637:&
577:Xerxes
423:, ed.
382:
347:, ed.
200:Abas I
150:Mother
140:Father
122:Abas I
99:Burial
1168:Leo V
1104:Oshin
1001:Leo I
827:Tiran
653:Erato
639:Erato
562:Sames
276:Death
113:Issue
47:Reign
1019:Mleh
380:OCLC
230:Dvin
206:Rule
87:Died
79:Born
837:Pap
260:of
248:of
106:(?)
1189::
477:)
293:.
236:.
202:.
178::
517:e
510:t
503:v
473:(
386:.
174:(
23:.
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