25:
175:
materials are materials that produce a voltage when stress is applied. Since this effect also applies in a reverse manner, a voltage across the sample will produce stress within sample. Suitably designed structures made from these materials can, therefore, be made that bend, expand or contract when a
124:, also called intelligent or responsive materials, are designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as
321:
242:
materials are commonly used materials that change their color as a result of changing acidity. One suggested application is for paints that can change color to indicate
212:
materials exhibit a change in shape under the influence of magnetic field and also exhibit a change in their magnetization under the influence of mechanical stress.
362:
190:). The shape memory effect results due to respectively martensitic phase change and induced elasticity at higher temperatures.
599:
574:
499:
89:
302:(DEs) are smart material systems which produce large strains (up to 500%) under the influence of an external electric field.
61:
68:
624:
549:
524:
400:
186:
are materials in which large deformation can be induced and recovered through temperature changes or stress changes (
108:
233:
42:
75:
46:
720:
168:
There are a number of types of smart material, of which are already common. Some examples are as following:
57:
308:
are compounds that undergo a reversible change in temperature upon exposure to a changing magnetic field.
296:
have the intrinsic ability to repair damage due to normal usage, thus expanding the material's lifetime.
367:
218:
alloys are materials that change their shape in response to a significant change in the magnetic field.
452:
417:
715:
311:
221:
699:
35:
281:
257:
203:
157:
418:"Smart materials for experimental tectonics: Viscous behavior of magnetorheological silicones"
315:
305:
299:
293:
227:
215:
82:
183:
8:
342:
357:
256:
materials, which change their colour or opacity on the application of a voltage (e.g.,
179:
153:
144:, or chemical compounds. Smart materials are the basis of many applications, including
324:
change size or volume under the influence of external chemical or biological compound.
620:
595:
570:
545:
520:
495:
472:
433:
396:
653:
592:
Adaptronics and smart structures : basics, materials, design, and applications
567:
Smart structures : physical behaviour, mathematical modelling and applications
542:
Supramolecular soft matter : applications in materials and organic electronics
464:
425:
287:
209:
187:
172:
125:
252:
change color in response to electrical, optical or thermal changes. These include
230:
are materials that change in volume when the pH of the surrounding medium changes.
268:
materials, which change colour in response to light—for example, light-sensitive
197:
468:
451:
Bahl, Shashi; Nagar, Himanshu; Singh, Inderpreet; Sehgal, Shankar (2020-01-01).
429:
253:
133:
129:
709:
476:
437:
337:
261:
193:
684:
459:. International Conference on Aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
265:
239:
673:
Chemoresponsive
Materials /Stimulation by Chemical and Biological Signals
658:
641:
137:
275:
269:
371:
352:
243:
149:
24:
249:
416:
Brizzi, Silvia; Cavozzi, Cristian; Storti, Fabrizio (2023-09-29).
347:
145:
316:
convert temperature differences into electricity and vice versa
264:
materials change in colour depending on their temperature, and
453:"Smart materials types, properties and applications: A review"
393:
Materials that move : smart materials, intelligent design
278:
are magnetic fluids (affected by magnets and magnetic fields).
206:(EAPs) change their volume by voltage or electric fields.
490:
Shahinpoor, Mohsen; Schneider, Hans-Jorg, eds. (2007).
141:
236:
are materials which undergo changes upon temperature.
642:"Smart hydrogels for advanced drug delivery systems"
450:
290:(polymorph) can be molded by immersion in hot water.
489:
415:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
639:
707:
363:Thermally induced shape-memory effect (polymers)
390:
272:that darken when exposed to bright sunlight.
646:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
391:Bengisu, Murat; Ferrara, Marinella (2018).
224:showing tunable and responsive properties.
16:Material that can be externally controlled
685:https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/97817828822420
657:
539:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
614:
564:
514:
589:
708:
395:. Springer International Publishing.
284:change shape under exposure to light.
200:convert light to electrical current.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
594:(2nd, revised ed.). Springer.
13:
14:
732:
693:
23:
681:The Royal Society of Chemistry,
666:
633:
517:Encyclopedia of smart materials
314:are used to build devices that
234:Temperature-responsive polymers
34:needs additional citations for
608:
583:
558:
533:
508:
483:
444:
409:
384:
1:
640:Bordbar-Khiabani A, Gasik M.
377:
246:in the metal underneath them.
702:, Royal Society of Chemistry
675:, Schneider, H.-J.; Ed:, (
457:Materials Today: Proceedings
7:
700:Smart Materials Book Series
540:Nakanishi, Takashi (2011).
515:Schwartz, Mel, ed. (2002).
469:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.505
430:10.1016/j.tecto.2023.230038
368:Covalent adaptable networks
331:
10:
737:
590:Janocha, Hartmut (2007).
569:. John Wiley & Sons.
544:. John Wiley & Sons.
322:Chemoresponsive materials
282:Photomechanical materials
565:Gaudenzi, Paolo (2009).
312:Thermoelectric materials
306:Magnetocaloric materials
222:Smart inorganic polymers
163:
519:. John Wiley and Sons.
258:liquid crystal displays
615:Schwartz, Mel (2009).
294:Self-healing materials
204:Electroactive polymers
158:electroactive polymers
492:Intelligent materials
300:Dielectric elastomers
228:pH-sensitive polymers
216:Magnetic shape memory
184:shape-memory polymers
721:Artificial materials
659:10.3390/ijms23073665
43:improve this article
343:Programmable matter
250:Chromogenic systems
180:Shape-memory alloys
176:voltage is applied.
494:. RSC Publishing.
358:Artificial muscles
156:, particularly as
154:artificial muscles
601:978-3-540-71967-0
576:978-0-470-05982-1
501:978-0-85404-335-4
119:
118:
111:
93:
728:
687:
670:
664:
663:
661:
637:
631:
630:
612:
606:
605:
587:
581:
580:
562:
556:
555:
537:
531:
530:
512:
506:
505:
487:
481:
480:
448:
442:
441:
413:
407:
406:
388:
288:Polycaprolactone
210:Magnetostrictive
188:pseudoelasticity
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
58:"Smart material"
51:
27:
19:
736:
735:
731:
730:
729:
727:
726:
725:
716:Smart materials
706:
705:
696:
691:
690:
671:
667:
638:
634:
627:
617:Smart materials
613:
609:
602:
588:
584:
577:
563:
559:
552:
538:
534:
527:
513:
509:
502:
488:
484:
449:
445:
414:
410:
403:
389:
385:
380:
334:
328:
198:optoelectronics
166:
136:fields, light,
122:Smart materials
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
734:
724:
723:
718:
704:
703:
695:
694:External links
692:
689:
688:
665:
632:
625:
607:
600:
582:
575:
557:
550:
532:
525:
507:
500:
482:
443:
422:Tectonophysics
408:
401:
382:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
333:
330:
326:
325:
319:
309:
303:
297:
291:
285:
279:
273:
254:electrochromic
247:
237:
231:
225:
219:
213:
207:
201:
191:
177:
165:
162:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
733:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
711:
701:
698:
697:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
636:
628:
626:9781420043723
622:
619:. CRC Press.
618:
611:
603:
597:
593:
586:
578:
572:
568:
561:
553:
551:9780470559741
547:
543:
536:
528:
526:9780471177807
522:
518:
511:
503:
497:
493:
486:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:: 1302–1306.
462:
458:
454:
447:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
412:
404:
402:9783319768885
398:
394:
387:
383:
373:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
338:Smart polymer
336:
335:
329:
323:
320:
317:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
267:
263:
262:thermochromic
259:
255:
251:
248:
245:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:materials or
195:
192:
189:
185:
181:
178:
174:
173:Piezoelectric
171:
170:
169:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
113:
110:
102:
99:November 2013
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
680:
676:
672:
668:
649:
645:
635:
616:
610:
591:
585:
566:
560:
541:
535:
516:
510:
491:
485:
460:
456:
446:
421:
411:
392:
386:
327:
266:photochromic
194:Photovoltaic
167:
128:, moisture,
121:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
652:(7): 3665.
276:Ferrofluids
240:Halochromic
138:temperature
710:Categories
683:Cambridge
424:: 230038.
378:References
270:sunglasses
69:newspapers
477:2214-7853
438:0040-1951
372:Vitrimers
353:Actuators
244:corrosion
150:actuators
332:See also
160:(EAPs).
134:magnetic
130:electric
348:Sensors
146:sensors
83:scholar
623:
598:
573:
548:
523:
498:
475:
436:
399:
126:stress
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
164:Types
152:, or
90:JSTOR
76:books
677:2015
621:ISBN
596:ISBN
571:ISBN
546:ISBN
521:ISBN
496:ISBN
473:ISSN
434:ISSN
397:ISBN
182:and
148:and
62:news
654:doi
465:doi
426:doi
260:),
132:or
45:by
712::
650:23
648:.
644:.
471:.
461:28
455:.
432:.
420:.
370:/
142:pH
140:,
679:)
662:.
656::
629:.
604:.
579:.
554:.
529:.
504:.
479:.
467::
440:.
428::
405:.
318:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
