303:
31:
158:
261:
237:. He said that immediate measures should be introduced to restrict the number of Africans that slave ship captains could take on board, as a means to reduce losses. This would reduce mortality due to the diseases of overcrowding and poor sanitation. Although Dolben opposed the slave trade, he did not at this time propose abolishing it or the institution of slavery.
183:, whose details became known during litigation in 1783, when the syndicate owning the ship filed for insurance claims to cover 132–142 slaves who had been killed. Quakers had been active in petitioning Parliament to end the trade. To expand their influence, in 1787 they formed a non-denominational group, the
393:
The provisions of the 1788 act expired after one year, meaning that the act had to be renewed annually by
Parliament. Dolben led the effort to do this in subsequent years, so he regularly spoke against the slave trade in Parliament. The act was renewed between 1789 and 1795 and between 1797 and 1798.
247:
Encouraged by Pitt, Dolben drafted a bill and submitted it to the House on 21 May. The bill passed its second reading on 17 June, and its third reading the following day. It was sent to the House of Lords, where it was approved in its first, second, and third readings, the last of which occurred on 2
418:
The historian Roger Anstey has suggested that this decline might be explained by the restrictions of the Act, but the research of several other historians has suggested that there is no demonstrable relationship between reduced crowding and lower mortality rates amongst slaves. More recent research
414:
The mortality of slaves on
British ships declined during the 1790s. This act helped to lower the overall mortality rate of British ships during the 1790–1830 time period. Due to the lower density of slaves, illnesses could be controlled and food rations would last longer. During this period, ship
221:
On 9 May 1788, Pitt introduced a motion to the House of
Commons which asked whether parliament should delay its consideration of the slave trade until its next session. He argued that the great number of anti-slavery petitions that had been presented to the House on this topic meant that a proper
248:
July. However, because the Lords had amended the bill—adding a compensation clause, which the
Commons felt infringed its right to deal exclusively with money matters—a new bill was drafted, passed, and resubmitted to the Lords. This was passed by them on 10 July, and received
419:
suggests that early work was plagued with measurement error by bad record-keeping, and the act reduced crowding-related mortality. Slave mortality on Dutch ships, which were not subject to restrictions on the number of slaves carried, did not decline during the same period.
226:, a city whose merchants controlled much of the British slave trade and whose economy was deeply tied to it, welcomed Pitt's motion. They argued for a debate to enable them to refute the accusations about the slave trade made in the petitions submitted to the House.
415:
captains were also given incentives for lower mortality rates. As their incentives would grow, their mortality rates would continue to lower. This information could have been manipulated by greedy captains but the research shows a general downward trend.
3349:
406:, an African who was a former slave. But, some abolitionists, such as William Wilberforce, feared that the act would establish the idea that the slave trade was not fundamentally unjust, but merely an activity that needed further regulation.
217:
to begin a debate in the House of
Commons on the issue. However, by May 1788, the trade committee of the Privy Council—which Pitt had tasked with investigating the slave trade—had not produced its report.
1642:
244:, one of the two MPs for Liverpool. He claimed that captains were highly motivated to preserve the lives of as many slaves as possible, so that they could profit from their sale.
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233:, eventually rose to speak. He argued that 10,000 lives would be lost if the House did not immediately intervene to curtail the abuses perpetrated during the
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1289:
3437:
270:, carrying 454 slaves after the Slave Trade Act 1788. Previously it had transported 609 slaves and was 267 tons burden, making 2.3 slaves per ton.
3402:
2151:
3539:
3474:
230:
3430:
3377:
184:
3549:
3488:
922:
Klein, H. S.; Engerman, S. L.n; Haines, R.; Shlomowitz, R. (2001). "Transoceanic mortality: The slave trade in comparative perspective".
1154:
3413:
1843:
3418:
1181:
1026:
Sheridan, R. B. (1981). "The Guinea surgeons on the middle passage: The provision of medical services in the
British slave trade".
385:
959:
LoGerfo, James (1973). "Sir
William Dolben and "The Cause of Humanity": The Passage of the Slave Trade Regulation Act of 1788".
325:
222:
consideration of the issue could not occur with so little time left in the current parliamentary session. Representatives from
61:
3518:
1109:
1063:
Steckel, R. H.; Jensen, R. A. (2009). "New
Evidence on the Causes of Slave and Crew Mortality in the Atlantic Slave Trade".
893:
Garland, Charles; Klein, Herbert (1985). "The
Allotment of Space for Slaves aboard Eighteenth-Century British Slave Ships".
3425:
734:
3372:
2171:
761:
241:
863:
Haines, R.; Shlomowitz, R. (2000). "Explaining the mortality decline in the eighteenth-century
British slave trade".
842:
Eltis, D.; Engerman, S. L. (1993). "Fluctuations in Sex and Age Ratios in the Transatlantic Slave Trade, 1663–1864".
628:
Eltis, David (1984). "Mortality and Voyage Length in the Middle Passage: New Evidence from the Nineteenth Century".
3554:
3544:
206:
191:
169:
3397:
202:
in the previous year. His visit to the slave-ship appears to have hardened his opposition to the slave trade.
3501:
371:
99:
3455:
1174:
988:
Oldfield, J. R. (2010). "The London Committee and mobilization of public opinion against the slave trade".
275:
146:
320:
An act for better regulating the manner of carrying slaves, in British vessels, from the coast of Africa.
307:
138:
35:
1257:
179:
In the late 18th century, opposition to slavery was increasing. Many abolitionists were aroused by the
3496:
1190:
187:, which included Anglicans of the established church (non-Anglicans were excluded from Parliament).
1859:
1204:
210:
198:
to board and examine a ship being fitted for a slaving voyage. Dolben had been in contact with the
394:
In 1799 the provisions of the previous acts were made permanent through the Slave Trade Act 1799.
1167:
3314:
1718:
787:
113:
3334:
2143:
315:
43:
3340:
3325:
1209:
157:
8:
3409:
1745:
214:
274:
The act held that ships could transport 1.67 slaves per ton up to a maximum of 207 tons
3320:
1136:
1088:
1043:
1005:
976:
939:
910:
855:
830:
814:
661:
645:
3363:
1629:
1224:
1140:
1119:
Webster, J. (2007). "The Zong in the Context of the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade".
1105:
1080:
1051:
1009:
947:
822:
757:
653:
134:
1092:
834:
665:
3511:
3466:
3447:
1128:
1072:
1035:
997:
968:
931:
902:
872:
851:
806:
701:
690:"Ship Crowding and Slave Mortality: Missing Observations or Incorrect Measurement?"
637:
1017:
Sanderson, F. E. (1972). "The Liverpool Delegates and Sir William Dolben's Bill".
3506:
731:"BBC – KS3 Bitesize History – The triangular slave trade : Revision, Page 6"
403:
3336:
266:
234:
1132:
1076:
1001:
810:
706:
689:
641:
3533:
780:
180:
876:
149:). It was the first British legislation enacted to regulate slave shipping.
48:
An Act to regulate, for a limited Time, the shipping and carrying Slaves in
1084:
1055:
951:
826:
657:
343:
249:
195:
173:
79:
783:’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
252:
soon after. It was the first British legislation to regulate slave ships.
1214:
789:
Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England [Feb. 1788 – May 1789]
142:
3388:
980:
943:
914:
818:
649:
1047:
588:
330:
223:
66:
972:
935:
906:
1039:
260:
1159:
797:
Cohn, Raymond (1985). "Deaths of Slaves in the Middle Passage".
213:, to order an investigation into the slave trade. He also asked
1019:
Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire
366:
94:
921:
598:
596:
603:
593:
773:
The Atlantic Slave Trade and British Abolition 1760–1810
141:
that limited the number of enslaved people that British
1028:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
402:
The act was supported by some abolitionists, including
194:
led a group of his fellow Members of Parliament to the
278:, after which only 1 slave per ton could be carried.
1102:
The Zong: A Massacre, the Law and the End of Slavery
3464:
145:
could transport, based on the ships' tons burthen (
1104:. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
3531:
1155:Parliament and the British Slave Trade 1600-1833
862:
754:Liverpool, the African Slave Trade and Abolition
446:
444:
756:. Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire.
781:Dolben, Sir William, third baronet (1727–1814)
688:Solar, Peter M.; Duquette, Nicolas J. (2017).
2178:Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
1175:
1062:
841:
687:
517:
515:
460:
458:
456:
441:
3378:Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919
892:
752:Anstey, Roger; Hale, P. F. H., eds. (1989).
185:Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade
3414:Measures of the National Assembly for Wales
565:
563:
3438:Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland
1182:
1168:
883:
751:
512:
476:
453:
1016:
705:
434:
432:
397:
2176:Great Britain and Ireland and the United
1025:
987:
560:
259:
156:
1118:
958:
3532:
1099:
792:. Vol. 27. London: Hansard. 1816.
770:
429:
3540:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1788
3426:Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly
1163:
627:
386:Text of statute as originally enacted
114:Text of statute as originally enacted
3497:United Kingdom statutory instruments
796:
13:
3550:Abolitionism in the United Kingdom
1189:
856:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1993.tb01335.x
678:Haines and Shlomowitz 2000, p. 58.
589:https://www.pdavis.nl/Legis_29.htm
205:The Society's campaigning led the
14:
3566:
1148:
229:Sir William Dolben, representing
1021:. Vol. 124. pp. 57–84.
301:
240:Dolben's speech was disputed by
29:
3398:Acts of the Scottish Parliament
1065:The Journal of Economic History
799:The Journal of Economic History
745:
723:
714:
694:The Journal of Economic History
681:
672:
630:The Journal of Economic History
621:
581:
572:
551:
542:
533:
524:
170:Sir William Dolben, 3rd Baronet
3502:Scottish statutory instruments
924:The William and Mary Quarterly
503:
494:
485:
467:
127:Regulated Slave Trade Act 1788
1:
3519:Church of England instruments
1198:Pre-parliamentary legislation
372:Statute Law Revision Act 1861
255:
162:
152:
100:Statute Law Revision Act 1871
1229:the Kingdom of Great Britain
1121:The Journal of Legal History
604:"Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade"
7:
865:The Economic History Review
844:The Economic History Review
308:Parliament of Great Britain
36:Parliament of Great Britain
10:
3571:
961:Eighteenth-Century Studies
895:William and Mary Quarterly
539:LoGerfo 1973, pp. 448–449.
530:LoGerfo 1973, pp. 445–446.
509:LoGerfo 1973, pp. 436–437.
409:
283:United Kingdom legislation
52:Vessels from the Coast of
18:United Kingdom legislation
3487:
3446:
3386:
3362:
2170:
2141:
1857:Acts of Parliament of the
1856:
1836:
1235:
1223:
1197:
1133:10.1080/01440360701698403
1077:10.1017/S0022050700045502
1002:10.1017/S0018246X00025826
884:Hochschild, Adam (2005).
811:10.1017/s0022050700034604
707:10.1017/S0022050717001073
642:10.1017/s0022050700031909
384:
377:
365:
360:
352:
342:
337:
324:
314:
300:
295:
288:
112:
105:
93:
88:
78:
73:
60:
42:
28:
23:
2174:of the United Kingdom of
1860:Kingdom of Great Britain
1205:List of English statutes
450:Hochschild 2005, p. 140.
422:
3555:18th century in slavery
3545:Slave trade legislation
1643:Interregnum (1642–1660)
877:10.1111/1468-0289.00160
264:Plan of the slave ship
1837:Parliament of Scotland
1100:Walvin, James (2011).
990:The Historical Journal
771:Anstey, Roger (1975).
398:Support and opposition
271:
176:
3489:Secondary legislation
2144:Parliament of Ireland
1236:Parliament of England
733:. BBC. Archived from
548:LoGerfo 1973, p. 449.
521:LoGerfo 1973, p. 439.
500:LoGerfo 1973, p. 435.
491:LoGerfo 1973, p. 434.
482:LoGerfo 1973, p. 433.
464:LoGerfo 1973, p. 437.
263:
160:
3410:Acts of Senedd Cymru
3341:European Communities
1210:Charter of Liberties
888:. London: Pan Books.
473:LoGerfo 433, p. 433.
290:Slave Trade Act 1799
125:, also known as the
123:Slave Trade Act 1788
3315:Halsbury's Statutes
1227:of states preceding
1225:Acts of parliaments
775:. Prometheus Books.
557:Walvin 2011, p. 27.
215:William Wilberforce
3321:Legislation.gov.uk
2172:Acts of Parliament
720:Cohn 1985, p. 687.
569:Cohn 1985, p. 691.
272:
192:Sir William Dolben
177:
3527:
3526:
3512:Acts of Adjournal
3483:
3482:
3475:1972–2009/2015–16
3448:Orders in Council
3364:Church of England
3358:
3357:
1852:
1851:
1719:Habeas Corpus Act
1630:Petition of Right
1111:978-0-300-12555-9
391:
390:
361:Other legislation
296:Act of Parliament
231:Oxford University
200:Abolition Society
119:
118:
89:Other legislation
24:Act of Parliament
3562:
3507:Acts of Sederunt
3467:Northern Ireland
3462:
3461:
3335:relating to the
3332:
3331:
1233:
1232:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1144:
1115:
1096:
1059:
1022:
1013:
984:
955:
918:
889:
880:
859:
838:
793:
776:
767:
739:
738:
737:on 28 June 2013.
727:
721:
718:
712:
711:
709:
700:(4): 1177–1202.
685:
679:
676:
670:
669:
625:
619:
618:
616:
614:
608:slavevoyages.org
600:
591:
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465:
462:
451:
448:
439:
436:
379:Status: Repealed
305:
304:
291:
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167:
164:
107:Status: Repealed
33:
32:
21:
20:
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3563:
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3523:
3479:
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3442:
3387:Legislation of
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2679:
2177:
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2137:
1858:
1848:
1832:
1228:
1219:
1193:
1188:
1151:
1112:
973:10.2307/3031578
936:10.2307/2674420
907:10.2307/1920430
886:Bury the Chains
786:
764:
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729:
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404:Olaudah Equiano
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3337:European Union
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1191:UK legislation
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1149:External links
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1127:(3): 285–298.
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1034:(4): 601–625.
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996:(2): 331–343.
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901:(2): 238–248.
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805:(3): 685–692.
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779:Nigel Aston, ‘
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1501:
1498:
1496:
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1471:
1468:
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1408:
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1383:
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1378:
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1373:
1371:
1368:
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1363:
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1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
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1343:
1341:
1338:
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1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1259:Temp. incert.
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
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1240:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1216:
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1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
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1162:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
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1117:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
930:(1): 93–117.
929:
925:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
887:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
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808:
804:
800:
795:
791:
790:
785:
782:
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769:
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736:
732:
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699:
695:
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684:
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428:
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370:
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356:6 August 1861
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197:
193:
188:
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181:Zong massacre
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196:River Thames
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174:Mather Brown
168:portrait of
131:Dolben's Act
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84:11 July 1788
80:Royal assent
53:
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15:
1215:Magna Carta
613:15 November
578:Aston 2004.
367:Repealed by
166: 1802
143:slave ships
95:Repealed by
3534:Categories
3339:(formerly
850:(2): 308.
316:Long title
256:Provisions
153:Background
139:Parliament
44:Long title
2162:1751–1800
2157:1701–1750
1953:1760–1764
1948:1755–1759
1943:1750–1754
1938:1745–1749
1933:1740–1744
1928:1735–1739
1923:1730–1734
1918:1725–1729
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1908:1715–1719
1285:1422–1460
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1265:1327–1376
1253:1308–1325
1248:1275–1307
1243:1225–1267
1141:144216755
1010:155017321
331:39 Geo. 3
224:Liverpool
190:In 1788,
133:, was an
67:28 Geo. 3
3389:devolved
3366:measures
1093:29092089
1085:11617310
1056:11632197
952:18629973
835:21327693
827:11617312
666:26565516
658:11635227
353:Repealed
326:Citation
62:Citation
2152:to 1700
1844:to 1707
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915:1920430
819:2121762
650:2120707
410:Effects
333:. c. 80
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662:S2CID
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423:Notes
338:Dates
74:Dates
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