Willis Tower - Knowledge

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regulations did not require a fire sprinkler system, the building was equipped with one from the beginning. There are around 40,000 sprinkler heads in the building, installed at a cost of $ 4 million. When it was completed, the Sears Tower was heated electrically, unlike older structures that used gas heating. It included 145,000 light fixtures and a cooling system capable of 17,000 tons of refrigeration. Furthermore, the tower contained fire-suppression and communications systems for emergency use, which were powered by diesel generators. If there was a fire in one section of the building, the building's smoke-detection system would close off the fresh-air intake openings in that section, discharging smoke outdoors.

2256: 1563:, whose antenna reached a height of 1,500 feet (457.2 m), 49 feet (14.9 m) taller than the Sears Tower's original height. One World Trade Center became taller by pinnacle height with the addition of a 359-foot (109.4-meter) antenna, bringing its total height to 1,727 feet (526.4 m). In 1982, two antennas were installed which brought its total height to 1,707 feet (520.3 m), making it taller than the John Hancock Center but not One World Trade Center. However, the extension of the tower's western antenna in June 2000 to 1,729 feet (527 m) allowed it to just barely claim the title of tallest building by pinnacle height. 1338:. The office stories are served by 97 elevator cabs; due to the presence of the double-deck elevators, these occupy 83 shafts. As designed, one bank of single-deck elevators connected the lobby to the lowest 28 stories. Banks of double-deck elevators traveled to "sky lobbies" at the 33rd/34th and 66th/67th floors, where passengers could transfer to local elevators. The 34th through 103rd stories were served by local elevators that operated from the sky lobbies. Two elevators also ran directly from the lobby to the Skydeck on the 103rd floor. As of 2018, the elevators carried 5.8 million passengers per year. 1575: 1709: 846:

after the ceremony, four workers died after an elevator shaft caught fire. A fifth worker died after falling from the tower in an unrelated incident four days later. Work was halted again that June due to a labor strike, and Sears began moving furniture into the building that month. The construction cost was about US$ 150 million, (equivalent to $ 1.03 billion in 2023). Despite the size of the project, Sears executives said the building could not accommodate Sears' annual shareholder meetings, and the company continued to rent space in other structures.

1363: 1238: 867:, Chicago's second-tallest building, had to decide whether to relocate to the Sears Tower. Two television stations decided to relocate. Six other stations remained at the John Hancock Center, citing a study which showed that relocating to the Sears Tower would provide only minimal benefits. Documents released in late 1973 indicated that the Sears Tower would cause much more interference than either Sears or the television stations had disclosed. WLS-TV moved to the Sears Tower in February 1974, followed by WTTW the next month. 2311: 1404: 1196: 816:, which had held the record for one month. At the time, the Sears project employed 1,600 workers in three shifts; one worker had been killed during the project so far. The building's final completion had been delayed significantly due to labor strikes and bad weather. The concrete work had reached the 77th floor, while the steel superstructure had reached the 84th floor; the remainder of the steelwork would be difficult to construct because of high winds at higher altitudes. Local television stations 1473: 1453: 1412: 42: 972:, which was completed in 1995. As the maturation of the mortgage approached, Sears renegotiated the loan in 1994. The negotiations resulted in an agreement where Sears would no longer be liable for the $ 850 million loan, although it would only nominally own the building, while AEW and MetLife effectively had total control. As part of the 1994 agreement, AEW and MetLife would be able to take official ownership of the building in 2003. In 1997, Toronto-based 1041:

building was considered in the original design. The plan was eventually cancelled as city zoning did not permit construction of such a tall building in that location. In February 2009, the owners announced they were considering a plan to paint the structure silver, an idea that was later abandoned. It was hoped that a new, silver, paint-job would "rebrand" the building and highlight its advances in energy efficiency for an estimated cost of $ 50 million.

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the setbacks, thus reducing shear stress. The interior of the building could not contain diagonal beams, since these would have obstructed the connections between each of the "tubes". Therefore, the columns and the horizontal beams on each story are connected by rigid joints. The superstructure was designed to withstand wind gusts of 130 miles per hour (210 km/h), which on average would occur once every hundred years. According to the

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temporary kitchens on the site for workers, and telephone and loudspeaker systems were installed on every floor to allow workers to communicate. In addition, contractors installed temporary generators that could supply up to 14,000 kilowatts (19,000 hp) simultaneously; during the winter, most of this electricity was used to heat the exposed steel beams on the lowest five floors.

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entrances on Franklin Street were actually below the plaza, leading to the building's lower mezzanine. Below ground level are three basement levels with a total area of 400,000 square feet (37,000 m). The basements included a 1,200-seat cafeteria, commercial space, service areas, and a loading dock for 17 trucks. The basement also contained a 150-spot parking garage.

1234:(3,848 m), above which the northeast and southwest tubes end. From the 67th to 90th floors, each story is shaped like a cross, covering 30,170 square feet (2,803 m). The north, east, and south tubes end at the 90th floor; the remaining west and center tubes reach 108 floors, with an area of 12,283 square feet (1,141.1 m) on each of the top stories. 663:

providing more conventional office space that could be rented out on the upper stories. The firm of Saphier, Lerner, Schindler was responsible for determining Sears's space requirements and designing furniture for the company. It conducted a year-long study to determine how 16 of the company's departments should be laid out within the building.

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would continue to pay rent on the lower half of the building until tenants were found for these stories. Four large firms were negotiating to buy the tower by July 1989. The company had difficulties finding a buyer, in part because the lower stories were too large for many potential tenants. Sears nearly sold the tower to Canadian company

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site was more centrally located, it was also relatively small, with about 55,000 square feet (5,100 m). Bernard Feinberg, Albert I. Rubenstein, and Philip Teinowitz had assembled that site over the previous five years, but they had failed to acquire a neighboring 74,000-square-foot (6,900 m) lot from bus company

1535:, was completed in 1998, it claimed to be the tallest building in the world, measuring 1,482.6 feet (451.9 m) tall including decorative spires. Chicagoans objected to this claim on the basis that the Sears Tower's top floor was higher than that of either of the Petronas Towers. In the ensuing controversy, four 1379:, a 2019 artwork by Jacob Hashimoto. It consists of over 7,000 rice-paper and resin disks that are hung from the ceiling. To honor Khan's contributions to skyscraper engineering design, the Structural Engineers Association of Illinois also commissioned a sculpture of him for the lobby of the Willis Tower. 1306:

The interior includes 74,000 short tons (66,000 long tons; 67,000 t) of steel, 4 million pounds (1.8 kt) of aluminum, and 101 acres (4,400,000 sq ft; 410,000 m) of concrete flooring. The building contains diagonal columns only on the two stories immediately below each of

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Work on the building's foundation commenced in August 1970. Contractors excavated the lot to a depth of 50 feet (15 m), and they removed 180,000 cubic feet (5,100 m) of dirt from the site. By that November, Spencer, White & Prentis Inc. was excavating a trench around the site, measuring

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on Chicago's west side since 1906. The existing offices were inadequate by 1966, prompting Sears executives to begin searching for a new site. By 1969, Sears was the largest retailer in the world, with about 350,000 employees. Sears executives quickly determined that a new headquarters complex in the

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In January 2009, a major renovation of the Skydeck began, including the installation of retractable glass balconies which extend approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) from the facade of the 103rd floor, overlooking South Wacker Drive. The all-glass boxes, informally dubbed "The Ledge", allow visitors to

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Sears announced in 1988 that it would sell the tower and relocate its merchandising division from the lower half of the building. The company wanted to earn at least $ 1 billion from the sale of the Sears Tower, so it offered multiple concessions to potential buyers, including a guarantee that Sears

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By late 1971, area residents and broadcasters had raised concerns that the new Sears Tower would disrupt television broadcasts. According to one estimate, the building would obstruct television signals for 15 percent of Chicagoans and cause "double images" for another 20 percent, primarily affecting

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Sears planned to move its merchandise group into the building initially, renting out the remaining space to other tenants until needed. Sears executives were accustomed to large floor areas of at least 100,000 square feet (9,300 m), but SOM architects raised concerns that the large floors would

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Corp in 2005 and the U.S. Olympic Committee in 2008. British insurance broker Willis Group Holdings leased more than 140,000 square feet (13,000 m) of space on three floors in 2009. A Willis spokesman said the naming rights were obtained as part of the negotiations at no cost to Willis and the

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and charged with plotting to destroy the tower. Deputy FBI Director John Pistole described their plot as "more aspirational than operational". The case went to court in October 2007. After three trials, five of the suspects were convicted and two acquitted. The alleged leader of the group, Narseal

1114:. A 40,000-square-foot (3,700 m) private club on the 66th and 67th stories opened in June 2018. The club included a restaurant named Craftsman and a lounge named Frame, both of which exclusively served the tower's tenants, as well as a public restaurant known as the East Room. That September, 1082:

systems were overhauled. Most of the building's elevators, excluding those that served the Skydeck, were also renovated for the first time in the tower's history. The new elevators would be faster than the original elevators and would use use 35 percent less energy. The building's owners installed

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in Taiwan claimed the record in three of the four categories in 2004, surpassing the Petronas Twin Towers in spire height and the Sears Tower in roof height and highest occupied floor. People suggested that Sears add cosmetics atop its tower to surpass Taipei 101, but this did not materialize. On

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When the building was completed, the main entrance was on Wacker Drive to the west. There was a plaza on the south side of the building, sloping upward toward Franklin Street to the east. The Franklin Street side of the building was 6 feet (1.8 m) lower than the Wacker Drive entrance, so the

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manufactured 4 million pounds (1.8 kt) of aluminum sheeting for the building's facade. Black bands appear on the tower around the 29th–32nd, 64th–65th, 88th–89th, and 104th–108th floors. These elements are louvers to ventilate the building's environmental support systems and obscure its

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purchased the tower for a reported $ 1.3 billion, the highest price ever paid for a property in the U.S. outside of New York City. Blackstone announced a $ 500 million renovation in January 2017, which would include the construction of the Catalog, a six-story commercial complex, replacing a

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editorial board wrote: "Move aside, New York. After tomorrow, when schoolchildren dream of big buildings, they'll no longer think of you and the Empire State Building and the World Trade Center." The frame was still not technically complete, as three to four stories remained to be built. One week

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would need to be raised by 1,000 feet (300 m) if the building was just 1 foot (0.30 m) taller. Plans for the tower were announced on July 27, 1970. The 1,450-foot-tall (440 m) building would contain 109 stories as measured from Wacker Drive and 110 stories as measured from Franklin

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area northwest of the Loop, but Sears's vice president of real estate, Matthew J. Stacom, rejected this proposal. The other was a two-block area in the Loop, bounded by Franklin Street on the east, Jackson Boulevard on the south, Wacker Drive on the west, and Adams Street on the north. Though the

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with 240 glass panes, and the northern section of the annex's roof is supported by black columns that resemble those in the original tower. The Catalog also contains decorative details, such as handrails and staircase landings, which are inspired by elements of Chicago's "built environment". The

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with gradually tapering floor plates, giving the tower its distinctive look. During the design process, one of the architects reportedly pulled out nine cigars and staggered them vertically until the pair both agreed to the arrangement. This allowed Sears to occupy the large lower stories, while

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The Willis Tower observation deck, called the Skydeck, opened on June 22, 1974. Located on the 103rd floor, 1,353 feet (412.4 m) above ground level, it is the highest observation deck in the United States and one of Chicago's most famous tourist attractions. Tourists can experience how the

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lawsuits, which both sought to cap the building at 67 stories. Sears studied the possibility of erecting antennas atop its tower in April 1972, and the tower's construction continued, even as decisions on both lawsuits were delayed. At the end of the month, the company applied for permission to

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As of 2022, the building's base covers 463,000 square feet (43,000 m) and contains two lobbies for tenants. The building's tenants primarily enter from Wacker Drive and Franklin Street. Shoppers, restaurant patrons, and visitors to the Skydeck observation deck use the southern entrance on

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Since 2007, the owners had considered plans for the construction of a hotel on the north side of Jackson Boulevard, between Wacker Drive and Franklin Street, close to the entrance of the observation deck, above the tower's underground parking garage. According to the tower's owners, the second

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Meanwhile, the FCC declined to act on the height dispute on the grounds it did not have jurisdiction. The FAA approved the antennas atop the tower in June 1972, and the Illinois Supreme Court affirmed the previous rulings by Lake and Cook County circuit courts at the end of the month. Work was

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installed the building's first steel beam at a ceremony on June 7, 1971. The project employed 2,000 workers. To accelerate the building's construction, a concrete plant was built in the building's basement, allowing workers to pour one-third of a concrete floor every day. Contractors built two

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Feinberg, Rubenstein, and Teinowitz then bought options for three adjacent lots. Under the terms of each option, unless the three men were able to acquire at least one of the lots within 90 days, all three options would be forfeited. Ultimately, Sears acquired the Loop site in 1970. Sears then

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During the Sears Tower's construction, SOM and Chicago government officials considered adding "smoke free and fire free" areas to the building, as well as a complete sprinkler system serving all floors. Neither of these features had previously been used in a structure in Chicago. Even though

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In February 1984, Sears announced that it would renovate the building to attract visitors to the lower floors. At the time, 6,500 Sears employees occupied more than half of the building, taking up the lowest 48 stories. The remainder of the tower was occupied by 5,500 employees from about 70

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The Willis Tower's basement extends 50 feet (15 m) deep, resting on a 5-foot-thick (1.5 m) concrete slab. The ground directly beneath the building was largely made of clay; the underlying layer of limestone was as much as 100 feet (30 m) beneath ground level. As a result, the

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at different stories. There are setbacks at the 50th, 66th, and 90th floors. The lowest 50 stories contain nine tubes and cover 52,000 square feet (4,800 m) each. The northwest and southeast tubes terminate at the 50th floor. The 51st through 66th floors each span 41,420 square feet

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agreed to lease a portion of the building and obtained the naming rights. On July 16, 2009, the building was officially renamed the Willis Tower. By 2011, the building's owners were considering selling a partial ownership stake, or even the entire building, to an investor. The next year,

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Trizec had projected that the Sears Tower would quickly reach a value of $ 1 billion. These projections were not met, with the tower facing the same vacancy and other problems it saw under Sears, although Trizec made somewhat successful efforts to attract new tenants. Following the

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was dedicated in the lobby in October 1974. Sears' optimistic growth projections were not realized; instead, in late 1974, the company fired 500 workers, about seven percent of the 7,000 Sears employees that worked in the tower. Competition beyond its traditional rivals such as

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Sears executives estimated that their new building would need about 4.2 million square feet (390,000 m), split into 70 stories with 60,000 square feet (5,600 m) each or 60 stories with 70,000 square feet (6,500 m) each. Sears commissioned architecture firm

945:, but the deal was canceled in September 1989 because the two firms could not agree on who would pay the property taxes. In November 1989, Sears decided to instead refinance the building. The next year, Sears took out a mortgage loan on the tower for $ 850 million from 1261:. In February 1982, two television antennas were added to the structure, increasing its total height to 1,707 feet (520.3 m). The western antenna was later extended, bringing the overall height to 1,729 feet (527 m) on June 5, 2000, to improve reception of local 622:

obtained permits to close down one block of Quincy Street, which bisected the site from east to west. Attorneys from the Arnstein firm, headed by Andrew Adsit, began buying the properties parcel by parcel. Sears purchased 15 buildings from 100 owners and paid the

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be unattractive to smaller tenants. A subsequent proposal called for two buildings connected by a footbridge, which would respectively contain 50,000 square feet (4,600 m) and 30,000 square feet (2,800 m) on each floor, but this was also infeasible.

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stated that the Sears Tower did not interfere with broadcasts on its own, since several shorter towers in the Loop also interfered with broadcast signals. Nonetheless, the Illinois Citizens' Committee for Broadcasting filed a formal complaint with the

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suburbs was infeasible, since it would require relocating about 7,000 employees. Instead, Sears executives decided to consolidate the thousands of employees in offices distributed throughout the Chicago area into one building on the western edge of

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flooring of one of the boxes cracked while visitors were inside, but there were no injuries. The flooring of the same box cracked again on June 12, 2019. In May 2022 a fifth glass ledge opened on the west facade overlooking South Wacker Drive.

1137:. The building's renovation was completed in May 2022. At the time, although the Willis Tower was nearly 85 percent leased, the number of tenants and visitors entering the building had decreased significantly since 2019, in part because of the 1293:

above the annex spans 30,000 square feet (2,800 m). The annex contains a facade of black steel and aluminum, similar to in the original building. The Jackson Boulevard facade of the annex contains an artwork by Olafur Eliasson, entitled

796:. The next month, Sears formally announced plans for broadcast antennas on the tower's roof, and the company offered to spend $ 5 million (equivalent to $ 36.4 million in 2023) to help relocate broadcast stations to the Sears Tower. The 1436:

in clear conditions. Elevators reach the top in about 60 seconds, allowing occupants to feel the change in pressure as they ascend. Some 1.7 million tourists visit annually as of 2018. There is also an event venue on the 99th floor.

537:", clustered in a 3×3 matrix; seven of the tubes set back at upper floors. The tower has 108 stories as counted by standard methods, though the building's owners count the main roof as 109 and the mechanical penthouse roof as 110. The 1288:

Outside the building, there was originally a 80,000-square-foot (7,400 m) plaza made of pink granite. In the late 2010s, a three-level wing was built along the western and southern sides of the tower replacing the plaza. The

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called the name change one of the top 10 worst corporate name changes and pointed to negative press coverage by local news outlets and online petitions from angry residents. The naming rights issue continued into 2013, when

1386:. The six-story complex includes numerous restaurants. It extends into three of the building's basement levels, as well as the three-story annex to the south and west of the tower. The roof of the annex includes a curved 1221:", clustered in a 3×3 matrix forming a square base with 225-foot (69 m) sides. The building's rentable area is 3,810,000 sq ft (354,000 m). The structure was intended to accommodate 16,500 employees. 1341:

Six of the elevators are used for freight. One of the freight elevators served all stories, traveling to a height of 1,440 feet (440 m). During a fire or another emergency, this elevator would be reserved for the

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were planning to install temporary broadcast antennas atop the tower when the steel frame was completed. The tower's superstructure had reached the 100th floor in February 1973, at which point it was taller than the

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laws, the site could theoretically accommodate a 300-story building with 13.5 million square feet (1,250,000 m). In practice, most potential tenants did not want excessively high offices. Additionally, the

1110:. The Wacker Drive "Lunchbox" entrance was demolished in early 2018 to make way for the Catalog. A steel globe next to the entrance, manufactured by the Poblocki Sign Company and installed in 2010, was relocated to 780:

increase the building's height limit by 350 feet (110 m) and install a new antenna, although eight of Chicago's ten television stations criticized the plan. On May 17, 1972, Judge LaVerne Dickson, Chief of the

1678:". This feeling was confirmed in a July 16, 2009, CNN article in which some Chicago-area residents expressed reluctance to accept the Willis Tower name, and in an article that appeared in the October 2010 issue of 784:, dismissed the suit, saying, "I find nothing that gives television viewers the right to reception without interference." By then, the building had reached the 58th story. The Lake County attorney appealed to the 993:, two of the largest tenants, Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch, immediately announced plans for vacating 300,000 ft of space. In 2003, Trizec sold its holdings of the tower to MetLife for $ 9 million. 924:

companies. As part of the project, the main entrance was covered with a four-story glass dome, and the first four stories were converted into a shopping atrium. In addition, a visitor center for the building's

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would have a taller antenna. Although the Sears Tower would contain 4.4 million square feet (410,000 m) of space, only about 3.7 million square feet (340,000 m) would be used as offices.

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wrote that SOM had "scaled the new entrance skillfully, in keeping with the main building's height" and that the new atrium "relieves the formerly cramped feeling from just inside the Franklin entrance".

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The building also had 16 escalators, including a set of double-height escalators that traveled from the main lobby to the lower mezzanine. Another set of escalators connects the 33rd and 34th stories.

7889: 8778: 8047: 8003: 8025: 7981: 2606: 1298:. The work, measuring 30 by 60 feet (9.1 by 18.3 m) across, comprises almost 2,000 blue-and-green steel tiles, which are decorated with hexagonal motifs. The wall is backlit at night. 541:

is made of anodized aluminum and black glass. The base of the building contains a retail complex known as the Catalog. The lower half of the tower was originally occupied by retail company

6730: 1025:. The quoted price was $ 840 million, with $ 825 million held in a mortgage. Two years later, in February 2007, the Sears Tower's owners obtained a $ 780 million loan from 3108:

Martin, Paul R. (January 20, 1971). "A Rising Competition: It's Hard to Say Which Is Tallest Building: Trade Center and Sears Building Vie but Won't Admit It; Should a TV Tower Count?".

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The Sears Tower was the first building to use this innovative design. It was both structurally efficient and economic: at 1,450 feet, it provided more space and rose higher than the

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magazine that ranked the building among Chicago's 40 most important, the author pointedly refused to acknowledge the name change and referred to the building as the "Sears Tower".

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Fifteen above-ground stories, as well as three of the basement levels, contain mechanical equipment. Above the Skydeck on the 103rd floor is a seven-story mechanical penthouse.

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In May 2020, heavy rains caused three of the basement levels to flood, knocking out power to the building. This also resulted in many TV and radio stations going off the air.

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to drill 201 holes into the ground. They also rerouted a sewer that had run underneath Quincy Street, which was to be closed permanently as part of the tower's construction.

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Metz, Tim (March 4, 1974). "Where's the Highest Structure in World? Well, It's Not Chicago: New Toronto Tower May Kill Birds and Induce Vertigo, But Some Think It's Great".

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expired in 2003, the building continued to be called the Sears Tower for several years, despite multiple changes in ownership. In March 2009, London-based insurance broker

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Some floors were designed with smaller footprints to attract prospective lessees, so the building's height was increased to meet Sears's floor-area requirements. Architect

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that "We're stubborn about such things. This month marked four years since the former Sears Tower was re-christened Willis Tower, and the new name has yet to stick."

675:(FAA) restricted the height of structures in the area to protect air traffic. FAA officials publicly denied that they had imposed a height limit; however, the area's 13011: 3524:

Roth, Morry (February 23, 1972). "Local TV-Radio & Syndication: Chicago Broadcast Group Works Up To 110-Story 19 Of Wrongs' On Sears Tower For Weighing By FCC".

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introduced a character called The Sears Tower Dressed In Sears Clothing when the show visited Chicago in 2006. The building is also featured in History Channel's

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in New York City surpassed the Willis Tower through its structural and pinnacle heights, but not by roof, observation deck elevation, or highest occupied floor.

907:. As a result of a surplus of office space that emerged in the 1980s, the tower did not draw as many tenants as projected and so stood half-vacant for a decade. 7817: 7786: 5765: 5580: 5458:"Tall order for Tower?; Sears Tower owners to press city for zoning change, subsidy to add 2nd building as part of mega-million-dollar project next to landmark" 658:, both of whom were partners with SOM, proposed a tower with 55,000-square-foot (5,100 m) floors in the lower part of the building, as well as a series of 609:) to suggest a location. The firm consulted with local and federal authorities and the applicable law, then offered Sears two options. The first option was the 797: 5952: 2623: 9437: 8801: 3501:

Roth, Morry (December 29, 1971). "Radio-Television: TV Operators In Chi Prefer To Pass Their Own Roebuck, Bounce Back On Group Protesting Tall Sears Tower".

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on the building's roof, the first to be installed at any building in Chicago, were activated the same month. Upon the tower's opening, broadcasters at the

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to stop him, made the first successful outside ascent of the tower. Goodwin was arrested at the top after the seven-hour climb and was later charged with

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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

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joked that the building's new name reminded them of the oft-repeated "What you talkin' 'bout, Willis?" catchphrase from the American television sitcom

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debt that was maturing. The following year, because of the increasing costs of the renovation, Blackstone received a new $ 1.3 billion loan from

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Nagelberg, Alvin (June 24, 1973). "Going up:: a fantastic elevator voyage The Sears Tower Almanac 14 Sears Escalators link the 33d and 34th floors".

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TV 11 analog, 60.3 kW, Window To the World Communications (Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12, 2009. Now broadcasting only in digital.)

1497: 6625: 6276: 5803: 2284: 2262: 13026: 13016: 7508: 4516:"Sears to Shoo Ghosts By Putting TV Masts Atop Its Skyscraper: Work on Bases May Be Started In December for Move From Chicago John Hancock Sites". 4047:"Sears to Shoo Ghosts By Putting TV Masts Atop Its Skyscraper: Work on Bases May Be Started In December for Move From Chicago John Hancock Sites". 2286: 1729: 1621:, scaled the building's exterior glass and steel wall all the way to the top. A thick fog settled in near the end of his climb, making the last 20 2812: 2290: 1648:

Sears sold the tower in 1994 and vacated it by 1995, but retained naming rights through 2003. The new owners were rebuffed in renaming deals with

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were created. Of these, Petronas was the tallest in the category of height to the top of architectural elements, meaning spires but not antennas.

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see the street below. The boxes, which can accommodate 5 short tons (4.5 metric tons), opened to the public on July 2, 2009. On May 29, 2014, the

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within the trench, made of concrete and reinforced steel. Workers used steel bracing to prevent the slurry wall from collapsing inward, then used

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Disputed due to the fact that the Willis/Sears Tower is taller than the Petronas Towers by tip height, roof height, & highest occupied floor.

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and considered the name-change ill-advised in "a city with a deep appreciation of tradition and a healthy ego, where some Chicagoans still mourn

1285:. The rest of the facade is made of 16,000 rectangular windows. all of which measure 5 by 8 feet (1.5 by 2.4 m) and are tinted with bronze. 2259: 12424: 8434: 7234: 3172: 2679: 2378: 2291: 515: 6896: 6302: 5404: 2271: 2265: 1452: 980:, acquired AEW's holdings in the building for $ 110 million, assuming $ 4 million in liabilities and a $ 734 million mortgage. 10925: 10879: 9767: 7335: 3009: 2577: 2550: 2393: 156: 12996: 2215:, in which it and other human-made landmarks suffer from neglect without humans around, collapsing two hundred years after people are gone. 2117:

44 analog 5000 kW, NBC Owned Television Stations (Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12, 2009. Now broadcasting only in digital.)

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Until 2000, the tower did not hold the record for being the tallest building by pinnacle height. From 1969 to 1978, this record was held by

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Street. This would make Sears's new tower the tallest in the world, as measured by roof height, although New York City's under-construction

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techniques. After a lengthy interrogation by Chicago's District Attorney and Fire Commissioner, Goodwin was officially released from jail.

1311:, the top of the building would be able to bend by as much as 7 inches (180 mm), returning to its normal position within 7.2 seconds. 1245:, considered the father of tubular designs, at the Willis Tower. Khan is known for making important advancements in skyscraper engineering. 1115: 666:

As Sears continued to offer optimistic growth projections, the height of the proposed tower also increased. Under Chicago's relatively lax

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WCPX-TV 38 analog, 3630 kW, Ion Media Networks (Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12, 2009. Now broadcasting only in digital.)

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7 analog, 55 kW, ABC Owned Television Stations (Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12, 2009. Now broadcasting only in digital.)

788:. In his decision on June 12, Judge Charles R. Barrett contended the plaintiffs did not have a right to undistorted television reception. 13001: 12813: 9032: 8643: 7512: 7402: 6602:

Hoyt, Monty (June 22, 1973). "Sears Tower, world's tallest, may also be world's safest: No alternative to safety "Bundled tube" design".

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Annually, since 2009, the Willis Tower has hosted SkyRise Chicago, the world's tallest indoor stair climb, as a charity event benefiting

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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

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and cost much less per unit area. The system would prove highly influential in skyscraper construction and has been used in most

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The structure was known as the Sears Tower from its construction until the naming rights were included in a 2009 lease with the

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By March 1974, three-fourths of the space in the building was occupied; Sears had leased the upper stories to tenants such as

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The naming rights are valid for 15 years, so it is possible that the building's name could change again as soon as 2024. The

8147: 7385: 7154: 6111: 5840: 5374: 552:. Local area residents still refer to the building by its old name. As of April 2018, the building's largest tenant is 12833: 12398: 11917: 10896: 10888: 8711: 8466: 7609: 7561: 2373: 8095: 6355: 5457: 5344: 5167: 3391:

Roth, Morry (November 24, 1971). "Radio-Television: Chicago Group Bids Stations Take Stand Vs. Now Building Sears Tower".

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To fund these improvements, in February 2017, Blackstone obtained a $ 1 billion loan from a group of banks including

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Brown, Terry P. (March 22, 1973). "A Tall Order: How Big Ray Worley, A Screamer and Yeller, Is Building Sears Tower".

2083:

WPWR-TV 50 analog, 5000 kW (Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12, 2009. Now broadcasting only in digital.)

439: 12777: 12340: 11971: 11766: 11653: 10872: 10537: 9692: 9356: 9272: 8507: 7712: 6704: 6669: 4843: 3887: 3834: 2293: 753: 626:$ 2.7 million (equivalent to $ 21.2 million in 2023) for the block of Quincy Street that was to be closed down. 357: 7825: 7794: 5588: 4699: 4319: 3861: 2851: 1272:

The perimeter of the Willis Tower contains columns that are spaced 15 feet (4.6 m) apart on their centers. The

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WMAQ-TV 5 analog, 20 kW (Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12, 2009. Now broadcasting only in digital.)

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When completed, the Sears Tower was the world's tallest building but not the world's tallest structure. Toronto's

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Kerch, Steve (October 20, 1991). "This job is a tall order: Sears Tower project is the height of redevelopment."

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60 analog, 5000 kW, (Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12, 2009. Now broadcasting only in digital.)

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years in prison. In response to the perceived threat of an attack, the building's largest tenant at this time,

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26 analog, 5000 kW (Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12, 2009. Now broadcasting only in digital.)

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By March 2015, the Willis Tower was being marketed at a price of $ 1.5 billion. The same month, the

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The first Sears employees began moving into the tower during the weekend of September 9, 1973. Flashing

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The commercial complex at the building's lowest stories is known as the Catalog, a reference to Sears'

763:

on March 17, 1972. A second suit was filed on March 28 in Cook County Circuit Court by the villages of

7065: 5637: 1552:

was reported by its developers to have surpassed the tower in all height categories. Upon completion,

707:

60 feet (18 m) deep and 20 by 216 feet (6.1 by 65.8 m) across. The contractors then built a

12748: 12704: 12585: 12557: 12419: 12130: 11959: 11613: 11517: 11485: 11241: 11231: 11189: 11179: 11138: 11077: 11046: 11041: 10915: 10811: 10736: 10527: 10194: 9841: 9717: 9707: 9260: 9128: 9092: 8726: 8650: 8628: 8122: 5804:"Willis Tower owners wrap up $ 500 million makeover that includes new retail hub, enhanced amenities" 5541: 2383: 1147:

reported that Blackstone had written down the value of its investment in the tower by $ 119 million.

969: 781: 11567: 7336:"Willis Tower owner seeks thousands of new visitors per day, as $ 500 million expansion takes shape" 6660:Žaknić, Ivan; Smith, Matthew; Rice, Dolores B.; Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (1998). 6655: 6653: 6651: 2551:"Willis Tower owner seeks thousands of new visitors per day, as $ 500 million expansion takes shape" 1001:

In March 2004, MetLife announced that it would sell the building to a group of investors, including

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Many broadcast station transmitters are located at the top of Willis Tower. Each list is ranked by

9490: 7866: 7849:"Sears Tower name change has few Chicago fans – Willis Tower may have trouble winning over public" 6961:"Olafur Eliasson's New Chicago Art Installation Captures Shifting Sunlight and a Changing Climate" 6562: 3013: 12914: 12896: 12650: 12614: 12312: 11890: 11603: 11497: 11455: 11385: 11335: 11200: 11149: 10995: 10801: 10686: 10676: 9140: 9116: 8878: 8569: 8527: 7583: 7477: 7260:"One World Trade Center in New York to surpass Willis Tower in Chicago as tallest building in US" 6648: 6220: 5662: 5225: 4518: 4430: 4281:

Nelson, Bryce (May 3, 1973). "Topping Out of Sears Tower Will Give Chicago the Skyscraper Lead".

4131: 4049: 3272: 3110: 2529: 2353: 1629: 1595: 1343: 640: 398: 17: 7206:"Inside Willis Tower's $ 500 Million Renovation, Which Includes New Restaurants and a Food Hall" 1574: 1566:

The lowest level of Willis Tower is 43 feet (13 m) below the elevation of Franklin Street.

1200: 12782: 12723: 12580: 12517: 12271: 12228: 11787: 11741: 11435: 11380: 11000: 10980: 10771: 10691: 10671: 10512: 10224: 10034: 9737: 9188: 9020: 8818: 8770: 8731: 8699: 8448: 8326: 7690: 7179: 4598:"Local TV-Radio & Syndication: Sears Tower Gives Ultimatum To Stations On Hancock Switch". 2922: 2902: 1553: 1505: 1230: 950: 785: 659: 610: 7596: 7406: 5292: 12728: 12403: 12361: 12185: 11929: 11828: 11697: 11542: 11502: 11470: 11450: 11117: 11072: 10786: 10761: 10608: 10214: 10164: 10096: 9792: 9712: 9104: 8866: 8842: 8670: 8601: 8500: 7490: 7105: 6873: 6837: 6607: 4822: 4681: 4658: 4603: 4554: 4531: 4443: 4383: 4286: 4144: 4111: 4062: 4029: 3786: 3763: 3714: 3608: 3529: 3506: 3476: 3449: 3396: 3285: 3219: 3151: 3123: 3087: 2768: 2715: 2710:

Hoyt, Monty (May 25, 1973). "Sears Tower of tubes sets bundle of records: Unique structure".

2624:"A Day with United Management: Elite Status, Mileage Devaluation, and Increasing Change Fees" 1316: 1250: 1229:

Each of the "tubes" is a column-free module measuring 75 by 75 feet (23 by 23 m), which

1049: 961: 896: 826: 776: 760: 712: 676: 623: 5135:"A Case Study of the Development, Re-financing and Sale of North America's Tallest Building" 1602:. Goodwin stated that the reason he made the climb was to call attention to shortcomings in 12932: 12798: 12743: 12713: 12675: 12476: 12471: 12451: 12445: 12306: 12294: 11870: 11736: 11527: 11355: 11345: 11325: 11305: 11236: 11184: 11092: 10970: 10930: 10910: 10791: 10681: 10656: 10310: 9772: 9682: 9647: 9642: 9566: 8921: 8596: 8459: 2144: 2019: 1781: 1662: 1524: 1335: 1130: 1058: 990: 965: 875: 768: 557: 227: 199: 6659: 1078:

designed the renovation. A rooftop terrace was built atop the Catalog, and the building's

8: 12923: 12529: 11823: 11792: 11507: 11375: 11370: 11360: 10960: 10904: 10573: 9677: 9605: 9236: 7762:"Hundreds of stair climbers reach new heights for annual SkyRise Chicago at Willis Tower" 2344: 2236: 1871: 1671: 1560: 864: 772: 5220: 2459: 2197:

The building has appeared in numerous films and television shows set in Chicago such as

605:

Sears asked its outside counsel, Arnstein, Gluck, Weitzenfeld & Minow (now known as

545:, which had its headquarters there until 1994, while the upper stories were rented out. 12772: 12718: 12466: 12440: 11562: 11405: 11340: 11154: 11062: 11010: 10985: 10756: 10716: 10563: 10325: 10129: 10049: 9752: 9697: 9363: 9068: 9056: 8721: 8692: 8633: 8611: 8574: 8564: 8537: 1887: 1708: 1679: 1509: 1501: 1242: 1217:

of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Graham and Khan designed the building as nine square "

1214: 1156: 1143: 1111: 954: 883: 745: 740:

communities to the northwest and southeast. The same year, officials of the village of

723: 655: 556:, which occupies around 20 floors. Other major tenants include the building's namesake 503: 8073: 6389: 4817:

Osbon, John (October 30, 1974). "Sears in process of firing 500 at Tower in Chicago".

4129:"Ruling Allowing Blacks to Collect Damages For Job Bias Left Standing by High Court". 1720:

from the top down. Stations at the same height on the same mast indicate the use of a

759:

The first lawsuit against the building was filed by the state attorney in neighboring

12665: 12609: 12300: 11802: 11577: 11532: 11465: 11390: 11315: 11169: 11107: 11087: 11082: 11067: 11031: 10920: 10701: 10603: 10467: 10184: 10119: 10039: 9747: 9702: 9296: 9176: 8745: 8716: 8313: 8253: 8232: 7482: 6865: 6700: 6675: 6665: 6397: 6363: 6225: 5549: 4797: 4523: 4435: 4353: 4204: 4136: 4054: 3337: 3277: 3180: 3115: 2820: 2760: 2211: 942: 526: 453: 6216:"Insurance Broker Aon Strikes Year's Biggest M&A Deal on Tumultuous Markets Day" 3082:

Nagelberg, Alvin (September 20, 1970). "Building Sears Tower--A Real "Inside" Job".

1237: 812:

In November 1972, the Sears Tower became Chicago's tallest building, surpassing the

12887: 12670: 12481: 11797: 11746: 11623: 11582: 11522: 11475: 11395: 11330: 11320: 11300: 11274: 11221: 11036: 11021: 11015: 11005: 10990: 10975: 10781: 10598: 10507: 10315: 10305: 10209: 10124: 10086: 10003: 9971: 9935: 9742: 9637: 9414: 9183: 9164: 8948: 8759: 8682: 8665: 8638: 8557: 8552: 8493: 6929: 2918: 2898: 1218: 1179: 1070: 1022: 887: 764: 741: 534: 296: 7287:"Chicago spot makes TripAdvisor's list of world's top tourist attractions in 2019" 6488: 6466: 6444: 6422: 5270: 5244: 1362: 12687: 12486: 11833: 11692: 11587: 11512: 11410: 11310: 11102: 11026: 10965: 10661: 10159: 10154: 9950: 9898: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9621: 9368: 9008: 8591: 8370: 8247: 8226: 6694: 5498: 5382: 4826: 4791: 4662: 4558: 4115: 3767: 3612: 3453: 3400: 3155: 2734: 2610: 2330: 2220: 1725: 1685: 1632:, where participants can (legally) climb the Willis Tower's 103-story staircase. 1500:. The Willis Tower remains the third tallest building in the Americas and in the 1442: 1088: 1084: 1054: 892: 838: 615: 553: 361: 194: 91: 7613: 7494: 7109: 6877: 6841: 6611: 6277:"Insurance brokers Aon and Willis Towers Watson scrap their $ 30 billion merger" 4685: 4607: 4535: 4447: 4387: 4290: 4148: 4066: 4033: 3790: 3718: 3533: 3510: 3480: 3289: 3223: 3127: 3091: 2772: 2719: 1512:

in New York City). With a pinnacle height of 1,729 feet (527 m), it is the

1407:

Four glass-bottom skyboxes on the west facade of Willis Tower at the 103rd floor

1074:

plaza on Jackson Boulevard and the entrance on Wacker Drive. Architectural firm

11715: 11295: 11285: 11194: 10955: 10816: 10776: 10711: 10219: 10008: 9914: 9882: 9732: 9432: 9279: 9195: 8914: 8749: 8606: 8099: 7738: 7013:"City Planners Consider Pioneer Ideas for Including Fire Safety in Sears Tower" 5465: 5352: 5171: 2510: 2316: 1862: 1006: 1002: 928:

was constructed. The renovations, designed by SOM, were completed in mid-1985.

569: 365: 214: 6987:"Olafur Eliasson Installs 1,963 Dynamic Metal Tiles at Chicago's Willis Tower" 4653:"Radio-Television: Tall Tower A Searing Issue As Chi TV Stations Plot Moves". 3603:

Osbon, John (April 14, 1972). "Ghosts Walk, Flak Flies Over Sears' Tower TV".

1195: 12960: 11895: 11880: 11807: 11445: 11350: 11211: 11127: 10746: 10492: 10390: 10320: 10169: 9955: 9877: 9375: 9344: 9147: 9051: 8854: 7661: 7486: 7155:"Cloud-like sculpture of 7,000 hanging disks floats above Willis Tower lobby" 6869: 6401: 6367: 6229: 5953:"Blackstone Group Refinances Willis Tower Debt, As Redevelopment Costs Climb" 5553: 5082: 5025: 4969: 4527: 4439: 4357: 4208: 4175: 4140: 4106:"Equipment & Engineering: Supreme Court refuses to stop Sears building". 4058: 3922: 3468: 3341: 3281: 3184: 3119: 2859: 2824: 2764: 1903: 1421: 1126: 1103: 1095: 1045: 1010: 879: 871: 565: 561: 405:

Fire Protection Engineering, formerly Schirmer Engineering Corporation (Fire)

402: 209: 204: 171: 158: 47: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6679: 4760: 1403: 12384: 11875: 11751: 11645: 11400: 11263: 10731: 10726: 10568: 10502: 10482: 10174: 10144: 10139: 10065: 9987: 9919: 9291: 9267: 9255: 9207: 8890: 8404: 2242: 1614: 1607: 1545: 1528: 1477: 1258: 1210: 1018: 1014: 804:

refused to hear an appeal of the Seventh Circuit's decision that November.

793: 651: 639:(SOM) to design the tower. SOM was also the lead structural engineer, and 599: 549: 530: 499: 487: 388: 135: 5610: 5193: 2027:

WTTW TV 47 digital backup, 150 kW, Window To the World Communications

1420:

building sways in wind and see far over the plains of Illinois and across

533:, and Adams Street. Graham and Khan designed the building as nine square " 11885: 11854: 11849: 11420: 11251: 10766: 10696: 10624: 10558: 10330: 10250: 10149: 10134: 9945: 9464: 9087: 8996: 8885: 7360: 6915: 6897:"Final Touches Remain for Catalog, Willis Tower's New Podium in The Loop" 6303:"Willis Tower unveils $ 500 million makeover with updates to the Skydeck" 5581:"Sears Tower name change: Building today officially becomes Willis Tower" 4466:"Offices for 7,000 employes: Sears begins big move to tower this weekend" 2225: 1599: 1591: 1583: 1411: 1290: 708: 384: 41: 7818:"Burns on Business, Willis Wants to be Part of Chicago by Way of Jersey" 7599:

With this, you would actually be looking down to Taipei 101's top floor.

7454:"Protective layer of Willis Tower's SkyDeck cracks under visitors' feet" 7310:"Protective layer of Willis Tower's SkyDeck cracks under visitors' feet" 1472: 11923: 11900: 10741: 10204: 10179: 10070: 9861: 9856: 9171: 9159: 9080: 8861: 8425: 8331: 1866: 1587: 1540: 1383: 1032: 973: 915: 833: 606: 483: 10857: 7259: 6356:"Stress Builds as Office Building Owners and Lenders Haggle Over Debt" 4935:"Sears Tower's need for changes shows the dangers of thinking too big" 1594:, camming devices, and sky hooks, and despite several attempts by the 11430: 11365: 11280: 10351: 10114: 9387: 9303: 9224: 9075: 9015: 8984: 6059:"Willis Tower's Iconic Globe Sculpture Has A New Home In The Suburbs" 3444:

Osbon, John (August 9, 1971). "Tv Ghosts May Haunt New Sears Tower".

1811: 1770: 1693: 1675: 1618: 1433: 1392: 1257:

buildings since, including the world's current tallest building, the

1254: 1119: 929: 900: 698: 6354:

Goldstein, Matthew; Creswell, Julie; Eavis, Peter (April 27, 2023).

2030:

WLS-TV 52 digital backup, 220 kW, ABC Owned Television Stations

11608: 10706: 10395: 10091: 9520: 9351: 9231: 9123: 9099: 9063: 9039: 9003: 8955: 8897: 8873: 8849: 6686: 6129: 5918: 1975:

WXFT-TV 50 permanent digital, 230 kW, Univision Communications

1721: 1532: 1489: 1481: 1429: 1387: 1107: 977: 495: 7639: 5996: 5758: 5681: 5397: 2977:"Sears Tower: New Heights of Design: Will Blend Advanced Concepts" 2505: 2503: 2067:

52 temporary digital, 153.6 kW, ABC Owned Television Stations

953:, with MetLife as the holder of the mortgage note; the loan would 702:

The Sears Tower (now Willis Tower) during its construction in 1973

9399: 9339: 9111: 8967: 8909: 8837: 8813: 8516: 8304: 7687:"Chicago Cubs History and News – Welcome to Just One Bad Century" 6086:"Willis Tower Club Debuts a New 66th-Floor Restaurant and Lounge" 4428:"Total Work Stoppage Of Construction Due In Chicago Area Today". 3758:"Equipment & Engineering: 8 Chicago TV's reject Sears plan". 2164: 2158: 2152: 2120:

WSNS-TV 45 digital 467/665 kW, NBC Owned Television Stations

2114: 2102: 2086: 2071: 2057: 2036: 2006: 1989: 1969: 1958: 1943: 1802: 1796: 1787: 1761: 1755: 1425: 1266: 1075: 946: 904: 491: 444: 139: 8800: 6978: 5901:"Willis Tower getting new elevators: Here are the ups and downs" 4657:. Vol. 273, no. 4. December 5, 1973. pp. 36, 42. 4110:. Vol. 83, no. 20. November 13, 1972. pp. 41–42. 12353: 11756: 9243: 9135: 8991: 8933: 8825: 7431:"Coating on Willis Tower Skydeck's Ledge Cracks Under Tourists" 6692: 6537:"Flooding at Willis Tower knocks TV, radio signals off the air" 5766:"Willis Tower owner unveils $ 500 million redevelopment vision" 5716:"Willis Tower to be sold for $ 1.3 billion to Blackstone Group" 4024:

Engle, Bryce (August 15, 1972). "Sears Offers Cash to Aid TV".

2937: 2500: 2140: 2064: 2039:

40 digital, 37.2 kW, Trinity Christian Center of Santa Ana

2015: 1929: 1894:

transmits off the tower at 162.550 MHz. Programmed by the

1818: 1640: 1622: 1273: 860: 821: 667: 538: 479: 8275: 4793:

SOM: Architecture of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, 1963-1973

4553:. Vol. 127, no. 50. September 11, 1973. p. 14. 3173:"New Sears Building in Chicago Planned as the World's Tallest" 2338: 2129:

TV 47 digital, 300 kW, Window To the World Communications

12763: 10289: 10044: 9727: 9672: 9315: 9027: 8943: 8292: 8283: 7739:"'Spiderman' scales Sears Tower in Chicago – August 20, 1999" 7610:"Burj Khalifa surpasses the height of Sears Tower in Chicago" 7235:"Checking in on Willis Tower's new retail and dining complex" 4602:. Vol. 272, no. 6. September 19, 1973. p. 26. 2483:"Blackstone Group Purchases Landmark Willis Tower in Chicago" 1891: 1549: 1462:

Panorama of Chicago skyline as seen from Willis Tower Skydeck

1334:

The Sears Tower was planned with 103 elevators, including 14

1282: 1277: 590: 542: 231: 12828: 2578:"Chicagoans Refuse to Call These Places by Their Real Names" 9444: 9327: 9219: 8979: 8148:"The Dark Knight helped spawn a filmmaking boom in Chicago" 7921:"Top 10 Worst Corporate Name Changes: It's the Sears Tower" 7597:

https://www.mountrainierpark.com/taipei-101-vs-sears-tower/

5979:"Blackstone takes out record $ 1.3B+ refi for Willis Tower" 5834: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5824: 3888:"TV Disruption by Sears Tower Beyond Our Jurisdiction: FCC" 2852:"Sears to Construct Tallest Building In World, 110 Stories" 2133: 2126: 2095: 2000: 1983: 1972:

59 temporary digital, 200 kW, Univision Communications

1952: 1858: 1777: 1717: 1079: 1029:. At the time, UBS valued the tower at $ 1.2 billion. 817: 8485: 7353: 2680:"20 years after 9/11, a new crisis looms for Willis Tower" 2003:

TV 31 digital backup, 475 kW, Fox Television Stations

10335: 6112:"Big changes on tap for Willis Tower's Metropolitan Club" 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 2234:, it is featured in a number of scenes. In the 2013 film 1649: 1496:(CTBUH) does not consider the CN Tower to be a building, 1391:

third story of the Catalog contains a 30,000-square-foot

1262: 1160: 1026: 525:

The building occupies a site bounded by Franklin Street,

7252: 5821: 3835:"Lake County Plans to Appeal Sears Tower TV Ghosts Suit" 2098:

TV 31 digital, 690/1000 kW, Fox Television Stations

1898:

Weather Forecast Office in Chicago, it is equipped with

1057:

announced it would move its corporate headquarters from

1021:

of New York, as well as American Landmark Properties of

6181: 5638:"Exclusive: Owners of former Sears Tower seek investor" 2203:, where Ferris and company visit the observation deck. 2009:

51 digital backup, 508 kW, Fox Television Stations

1902:(SAME), which sets off a siren on specially programmed 1492:

was about 350 feet (106.7 m) taller, although the

1377:

In the Heart of this Infinite Particle of Galactic Dust

8201:"Willis Tower, CBOT Building star in Superman filming" 6891: 6889: 6887: 6390:"F.B.I. Killed Plot in Talking Stage, a Top Aide Says" 6353: 6330:"Blackstone Unveils $ 500M Renovation Of Willis Tower" 6034:"Willis Tower says goodbye to its "lunchbox" pavilion" 4774: 3762:. Vol. 82, no. 19. May 8, 1972. p. 54. 3419:"Your TV on the Blink? Blame Sears... Tower, That Is!" 2074:

29 digital, 350 kW, NBC Owned Television Stations

798:

United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

514:, a title that it held for nearly 25 years. It is the 6511:"Sears Tower to Lose Largest Tenant - The Chicago 77" 2655:"Morgan Stanley moving second office to Willis Tower" 2364:

List of tallest buildings and structures in the world

1625:

of the building's glass and steel exterior slippery.

1301: 964:

decided to move into a development that would become

572:

became the building's fourth-largest tenant in 2017.

5894: 5892: 5890: 5221:"A Look at the Finer Points of the Sears Tower Sale" 5075:"Sears Tower sale to Olympia & York may be dead" 4378:"1 dies in Sears Tower fall; 5th victim in 4 days". 4346:"Sears Tower Fire Kills 4 Working in Elevator Shaft" 3944:"FAA Approves TV Antennas for Chicago's Sears Tower" 3805:"Suit Against Sears Tower, TV "Ghosts" Is Dismissed" 3146:

Arthur, Art (July 1, 1971). "Sears Is Now Tallest".

2389:

List of tallest freestanding structures in the world

2306: 2111:

WCIU-TV 27 digital, 590 kW, Weigel Broadcasting

1653:

building was renamed Willis Tower on July 16, 2009.

12535:

British International School of Chicago, South Loop

8308:. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. 7952:"Change of Subject – "Thillens Stadium" is no more" 7612:. Visitdubai.info. December 9, 2007. Archived from 6884: 5870:"Willis Tower is getting faster, greener elevators" 5741:"Willis Tower in line for a $ 500 million facelift" 5048:"Sears faces tough sell leasing Tower office space" 2813:"The World's Tallest: Saga of a Chicago Skyscraper" 2446: 2444: 1375:Jackson Boulevard. The Wacker Drive lobby contains 474:, originally and still commonly referred to as the 448:. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. 7040:"Sears Tower Goes Electric; Standard Turns to Gas" 6720: 4549:"In brief...: Weekend moving day to Sears Tower". 3167: 3165: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2240:, the tower is the location of the offices of the 12972:Airline company headquarters in the United States 12625:Everett McKinley Dirksen United States Courthouse 7662:"Willis Tower Fun Facts | Fun Facts for Children" 7554:"Height: The History of Measuring Tall Buildings" 7386:"Sears Tower unveils 103rd floor glass balconies" 6252:"Willis Tower Name Changes, Ranked by Likelihood" 5887: 5863: 5861: 5423: 4676:"WLS-TV has clearer reception from Sears Tower". 3862:"TV Right Denied: Tower Opponents Suffer Setback" 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2060:51 digital, 1000 kW, Fox Television Stations 13012:Retail company headquarters in the United States 12958: 8070:"Filming Locations for Ferris Bueller's Day Off" 7536: 7534: 7301: 7228: 7226: 6759:. Constructionweekonline.com. September 27, 2010 6027: 6025: 4877:"Sears Tower, world's tallest, to get face-lift" 4753:"A whatchama-Calder sculpture conquers the city" 4625:"Two television stations to move to Sears Tower" 2249: 1518:16th-tallest freestanding structure in the world 1498:since it does not have floors from the ground up 800:upheld the FCC's decision in September, and the 7713:"Sears Tower in Chicago Is Scaled by Stunt Man" 7199: 7197: 6321: 6004:"Blackstone piles on more debt at Willis Tower" 3162: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2600: 2598: 2421: 2258: 734: 8379:World's tallest building architectural element 8245: 8228:Why Architecture Matters: Lessons from Chicago 7327: 7146: 7121: 7119: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7087: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6549: 6388:Shane, Scott; Zarate, Andrea (June 24, 2006). 5858: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5655: 5603: 5168:"77 W. Wacker ready to go – Chicago Sun-Times" 5018:"Sears pushing $ 1 billion-plus bid for Tower" 4962:"Sears executives face a towering selling job" 4821:. Vol. 129, no. 87. pp. 1, 22. 4648: 4646: 3598: 3596: 3386: 3384: 3322: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3037: 2790: 2379:List of tallest buildings in the United States 1992:12 digital, 8 kW, CBS Television Stations 1955:TV 36 digital, 145 kW, Oxford Media Group 1728:. Due to its extreme height, FM stations (all 1578:View of the wall of the tower from the Skydeck 1276:is made of anodized aluminum and black glass. 1098:. The new loan replaced $ 750 million of 836:on May 3, 1973. The day before the event, the 775:. Sears filed motions to dismiss the Lake and 356:104, with 16 double-decker elevators, made by 12814: 12369: 11661: 10873: 9506: 8786: 8501: 8198: 8048:"TV Query Results – Video Division (FCC) USA" 8026:"TV Query Results – Video Division (FCC) USA" 8004:"FM Query Results – Audio Division (FCC) USA" 7982:"FM Query Results – Audio Division (FCC) USA" 7531: 7223: 7100:"Sears Tower: What the Pedestrian Will See". 6954: 6952: 6950: 6155: 6103: 6022: 5311: 5285: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4838: 4836: 4789: 4619: 4617: 4459: 4457: 4314: 4312: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4019: 4017: 3828: 3826: 3624: 3622: 3412: 3410: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3103: 3101: 3077: 3075: 3048: 3046: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2394:List of tallest freestanding steel structures 2136:TV 36 digital, 50 kW, Oxford Media Group 1961:27 digital, 15.1 kW, Weigel Broadcasting 1182:, moved to North Wacker Drive in early 2009. 807: 12008:1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash 11675: 8802:Tallest buildings by U.S. state or territory 7451: 7194: 6779:"Alcoa to Supply Sears Tower Aluminum Sheet" 6077: 6051: 5899:Ori, Ryan; Brinson, Jemal R. (May 4, 2018). 5707: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5511:"Sears Tower name to change to Willis Tower" 5320:"Group to buy Sears Tower for $ 835 million" 4297: 3684:"Tower Keeps Rising: Sears TV Suits Delayed" 3033: 3031: 2885: 2595: 2480: 2155:39 digital, 4.4 kW, Weigel Broadcasting 910: 895:arose from emerging retail giants including 8120: 8096:"The Sears Tower Dressed In Sears Clothing" 7558:Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 7513:Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 7468: 7116: 7084: 7058: 7031: 7004: 6848: 6812: 6580: 6387: 6243: 5784: 5689:"Blackstone seals deal to buy Willis Tower" 5629: 5429: 5405:"Sears Tower's owners complete refinancing" 5096: 4810: 4643: 4542: 4099: 3751: 3593: 3437: 3381: 3134: 2481:de la Merced, Michael J. (March 16, 2014). 2456:Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 1946:43 digital, 200 kW, Ion Media Networks 1494:Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 1329: 1209:The Willis Tower was designed by architect 1203:of Willis Tower with simplified floor plans 12821: 12807: 12425:West Loop–LaSalle Street Historic District 12376: 12362: 11668: 11654: 10880: 10866: 10518:Tianshan Gate of the World Plots 27 and 28 9513: 9499: 8793: 8779: 8508: 8494: 6947: 6543: 6295: 6269: 6137:"Willis Tower getting its first food hall" 5944: 5898: 5066: 5039: 5009: 4983: 4953: 4926: 4895: 4862: 4833: 4744: 4718: 4669: 4614: 4591: 4565: 4509: 4454: 4421: 4371: 4309: 4274: 4155: 4122: 4040: 4014: 3880: 3853: 3823: 3797: 3774: 3733:"Channel 7 Antenna to Be Atop Sears Tower" 3725: 3709:"Cost of Sears Move Million Per Station". 3702: 3675: 3619: 3607:. Vol. 124, no. 74. p. 18. 3566: 3517: 3494: 3460: 3448:. Vol. 123, no. 27. p. 30. 3407: 3355: 3296: 3256: 3230: 3198: 3098: 3072: 3043: 2953: 2838: 2741: 2698: 2575: 854: 518:in the Western Hemisphere, as well as the 434: 348:4,477,800 sq ft (416,000 m) 12987:Buildings and structures on U.S. Route 66 10847:List of architects of supertall buildings 8280:Willis Tower office-space leasing website 8246:Pridmore, Jay; Larson, George A. (2018). 7125: 7037: 6831: 5567: 4844:"Sears Tower makes dramatic new entrance" 4750: 4463: 3915:"FAA Approves TV Antennas on Sears Tower" 3631:"Sears Tower Case May Cloud More than TV" 3575:"Sears Tower Case May Cloud More than TV" 3528:. Vol. 266, no. 2. p. 44. 3505:. Vol. 265, no. 7. p. 23. 3395:. Vol. 265, no. 2. p. 44. 3081: 3028: 2974: 2849: 2359:List of buildings with 100 floors or more 13017:Skidmore, Owings & Merrill buildings 10667:Baoneng Shenyang Global Financial Center 10383: 7846: 7636:"Freedom Tower ("World Trade Center 1")" 7546: 6753:"Top 10 world's tallest steel buildings" 6722:"Burj Dubai: The new pinnacle of vanity" 6693:National Academy of Engineering (1979). 5841:"Willis Tower Transformation by Gensler" 5578: 5542:"Illinois: New Name for the Sears Tower" 5539: 4700:"WTTW to begin beaming from Sears Tower" 4320:"Seek cause of Sears fire that killed 4" 3912: 3681: 3628: 3214:"Build Foundation of Huge Sears Tower". 2917: 2897: 2786:Arnstein & Lehr, The First 120 Years 1935:WLS-TV 7 permanent digital, 4.75 kW 1758:FM 93.9 MHz main, 4.0 kW, AMFM 1707: 1639: 1573: 1471: 1410: 1402: 1361: 1236: 1194: 1031: 914: 697: 13027:Tourist attractions along U.S. Route 66 10887: 10822:VietinBank Business Center Office Tower 9459:Grand Mariana Casino & Hotel Resort 8174:"'Transformers' jumpers up in birdland" 7918: 7887: 7759: 7689:. Justonebadcentury.com. Archived from 7428: 7232: 7152: 6213: 6164:"A Food Hall is Coming to Willis Tower" 6109: 6031: 5976: 5867: 5611:"Willis who? Sears Tower gets new name" 5317: 5293:"MetLife Selling Chicago's Sears Tower" 5218: 5194:"Willis who? Sears Tower gets new name" 4908:"Sears' Tower is still world's tallest" 4573:"Big beacons to flash atop Sears Tower" 4197:"Chicago Skyscrapers Onward and Upward" 3572: 3548:"U. S. Asked to Act in Sears TV Battle" 3469:"Sears Tower Faces Suit Over TV Effect" 2940:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 2369:List of tallest buildings by U.S. state 1476:Height comparison with (left to right) 1064: 919:The tower in 1978, after its completion 498:, United States. Designed by architect 14: 13022:Skyscraper office buildings in Chicago 12959: 12661:Consulate-General of Pakistan, Chicago 10438: 7203: 7010: 6802: 6800: 6327: 6161: 6083: 5926:"Willis Tower's new loan: $ 1 billion" 5713: 5579:Podmolik, Mary Ellen (July 16, 2009). 5540:Cullotta, Karen Ann (March 13, 2009). 5455: 5430:Diesenhouse, Susan (August 12, 2007). 5105:"Sears Plans to Refinance, Keep Tower" 5102: 5073:Ziemba, Stanley (September 16, 1989). 5072: 5045: 5015: 4959: 4790:Drexler, Arthur; Menges, Axel (2009). 4464:Oppenheim, Carol (September 9, 1973). 4400: 4280: 4256:"Sears Tower work reaches 100th floor" 3832: 3781:"8 Channels Rap Sears TV Tower Plea". 3416: 3145: 3107: 2621: 2530:"Petronas vs. Sears Tower Controversy" 2452:"Willis Tower – The Skyscraper Center" 2192: 1909: 996: 792:temporarily paused that July due to a 73:Tallest in the world from 1973 to 1998 12802: 12357: 11649: 11568:Mundelein College Skyscraper Building 10861: 10645: 10437: 10372: 10271: 9818: 9587: 9548: 9533: 9494: 9479:F.R. & M.S. Marriott Beach Resort 9420:Basilica of the Immaculate Conception 8774: 8489: 8435:Tallest building in the United States 8224: 8123:"Madison Avenue turns to Main Street" 8072:. Movie-locations.com. Archived from 7815: 7540: 7307: 7284: 7038:Nagelberg, Alvin (January 27, 1971). 6984: 6860:"Sears Tower Now Tallest In Nation". 6733:from the original on January 11, 2022 6249: 5838: 5801: 5635: 5318:Corfman, Thomas A. (March 12, 2004). 5129: 5127: 5125: 5103:Ziemba, Stanley (November 16, 1989). 4816: 4751:Oppenheim, Carol (October 26, 1974). 4492:"BUILDING BIG: Databank: Sears Tower" 4303: 4023: 3859: 3657:"TV Antennas Studied for Sears Tower" 3602: 3466: 3443: 3363:"Sears Tower Uses Unique New Systems" 3269: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2938:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 2652: 1874:: **WLIT, WLS, WBBM, WTMX, WBMX, WCFS 1773:FM 104.3 main, 4.1 kW, CBS Radio 1613:In August 1999, French urban climber 693: 12399:Historic Michigan Boulevard District 11918:Blakey v. Continental Airlines, Inc. 9559: 7949: 7919:Suddath, Claire (February 8, 2010). 7867:"Sears Tower Now Named Willis Tower" 7474: 6959:Li, Jennifer S. (January 13, 2021). 6662:100 of the world's tallest buildings 6601: 5950: 5046:Ziemba, Stanley (November 5, 1989). 4960:Ziemba, Stanley (November 6, 1988). 4932: 4168:"Sears Tower Now Tallest in Chicago" 3523: 3500: 3390: 2709: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2374:List of tallest buildings in Chicago 2161:34 digital, 50 kW, First United 2018:19 digital backup, 310/229 kW, 1790:FM 96.3 main, 4.2 kW, CBS Radio 1732:) are very limited in power output. 1514:third-tallest freestanding structure 726:. Sears, Roebuck & Co. chairman 12025:1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision 11558:Marshall Field and Company Building 10926:Trump International Hotel and Tower 9768:Trump International Hotel and Tower 8199:Merrion, Paul (September 7, 2011). 7760:Pathieu, Diane (November 4, 2019). 7333: 7126:Nagelberg, Alvin (April 11, 1971). 6985:Neira, Juliana (January 20, 2021). 6797: 6632:. September 2, 2007. Archived from 6489:"Sears Tower plot leader is jailed" 6423:"Seven charged over 'Chicago plot'" 6162:Selvam, Ashok (September 7, 2018). 5269:. December 14, 2001. Archived from 5243:. December 14, 2001. Archived from 5219:Vinocur, Barry (December 8, 1997). 4174:. November 12, 1972. pp. 101, 3913:Phillips, Richard (June 17, 1972). 3629:Phillips, Richard (April 9, 1972). 2975:Nagelberg, Alvin (August 2, 1970). 2622:Snyder, Brett (December 16, 2013). 2576:McClelland, Edward (June 5, 2019). 2399:List of tallest towers in the world 1315:foundation was excavated using 201 1135:United States Department of Justice 24: 13002:Office buildings completed in 1973 12462:Chicago Mercantile Exchange Center 10488:Nanjing World Trade Center Tower 1 9438:Tafuna Telecommunications Building 7204:Selvam, Ashok (October 16, 2019). 6958: 6467:"Five guilty in Chicago bomb plot" 6110:Koziarz, Jay (November 16, 2017). 5714:Harris, Melissa (March 15, 2015). 5456:Roeder, David (October 12, 2007). 5170:. November 2, 2012. Archived from 5122: 4991:"Sears offering tower concessions" 4403:"Strike halts work at Sears Tower" 3996:"Work Still Halted on Sears Tower" 3573:Philips, Richard (April 9, 1972). 3417:Horton, Luci (November 25, 1971). 2995: 2850:Nagelberg, Alvin (July 28, 1970). 2511:"History and Facts - Willis Tower" 2404:Sears, Roebuck and Company Complex 2254: 2171:, 150 kW, Weigel Broadcasting 1302:Structural and mechanical features 1224: 1118:announced that it would operate a 116:Office, observation, communication 25: 13053: 12448:(former United/RR Donnelly Bldg.) 12414:Michigan–Wacker Historic District 12342:List of airline holding companies 11972:1943 Liberator crash at Whenuapai 10538:Xiangmi Lake New Financial Center 9357:Westin Virginia Beach Town Center 9273:Industrial National Bank Building 8267: 7285:Rackl, Lori (December 15, 2019). 7233:Koziarz, Jay (October 15, 2019). 7128:"Glass Elevators Give Hotel Lift" 7011:Zahour, Frank (January 3, 1971). 6862:The Washington Post, Times Herald 6445:"Sears Tower "plot" trial begins" 6189:"Aon to Buy Willis Towers Watson" 5016:Ziemba, Stanley (June 23, 1989). 3682:Phillips, Richard (May 7, 1972). 2757:The Washington Post, Times Herald 2641: 1906:to alert of an impending hazard. 1764:FM 95.5 backup, 3.1 kW, AMFM 1735: 754:Federal Communications Commission 629: 585: 12997:Former world's tallest buildings 12383: 12329: 12328: 12251:Continental Express / Connection 11573:New York Life Insurance Building 10030:Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith 9201:Bank of America Corporate Center 8755: 8754: 8744: 8413:World's tallest building rooftop 8192: 8166: 8140: 8121:Keith Darcé (January 31, 2007). 8114: 8088: 8062: 8040: 8018: 7996: 7974: 7943: 7912: 7881: 7859: 7840: 7809: 7779: 7753: 7731: 7705: 7679: 7654: 7628: 7602: 7590: 7576: 7501: 7445: 7422: 7395: 7379: 7334:Ori, Ryan (September 13, 2018). 7278: 7172: 7104:. October 11, 1970. p. C1. 6771: 6745: 6713: 6618: 6555: 6529: 6503: 6481: 6459: 6437: 6415: 6381: 6347: 6207: 5970: 5802:Rogal, Brian J. (May 23, 2022). 5733: 5533: 5517:. March 12, 2009. Archived from 5503: 5480: 5449: 5432:"Sears Tower: Tall bill to fill" 5381:. April 30, 2004. Archived from 5367: 5337: 5259: 5233: 5212: 4933:Gapp, Paul (November 17, 1985). 4914:. September 15, 1985. p. 42 4796:. Monacelli Press. p. 170. 4680:. February 4, 1974. p. 14. 3860:Sneed, Michael (June 13, 1972). 3467:Sluis, William (July 16, 1971). 3244:. November 22, 1970. p. 105 3238:"New Methods Speed Construction" 3054:"Tower Will Withstand High Wind" 2759:. August 26, 1973. p. L10. 2337: 2323: 2309: 1805:FM 107.5 main, 3.7 kW, AMFM 1799:FM 103.5 main, 4.3 kW, AMFM 1635: 1617:, using only his bare hands and 1537:categories of "tallest building" 1484:, Toronto; Willis Tower, Chicago 1451: 976:, at the time the lessee of the 510:(SOM), it opened in 1973 as the 40: 12967:1973 establishments in Illinois 12906:Chicago Board of Trade Building 12863:Chicago Board of Trade Building 12635:Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago 12457:Chicago Board of Trade Building 12036:1960 New York mid-air collision 11123:Chicago Board of Trade Building 10807:Tianjin R&F Guangdong Tower 9941:Four Seasons Place Kuala Lumpur 8249:Chicago Architecture and Design 8231:. University of Chicago Press. 7958:(June 24, 2013). Archived from 7793:. July 16, 2009. Archived from 7308:Lewis, Sophie (June 12, 2019). 6084:Selvam, Ashok (June 28, 2018). 5977:Pilgrim, Lexi (April 3, 2018). 5186: 5160: 4726:"New Sears Tower leases listed" 4692: 4579:. September 15, 1973. p. 9 4484: 4394: 4338: 4262:. February 24, 1973. p. 75 4248: 4230:"Sears Tower Antennas Eyed '73" 4222: 4189: 4135:. November 7, 1972. p. 2. 4087:. September 12, 1972. p. 3 4073: 4053:. August 15, 1972. p. 11. 3988: 3962: 3936: 3906: 3833:Yabush, Donald (May 25, 1972). 3713:. April 27, 1972. p. A13. 3649: 3554:. February 17, 1972. p. 81 3540: 3330:"First Steel in Sears Building" 3012:. March 8, 2008. Archived from 3010:"The Tallest Skyscraper - TIME" 2873: 2779: 2726: 2672: 2653:Ecker, Danny (April 16, 2018). 2458:. June 13, 2015. Archived from 1703: 1188: 983: 849: 722:was hired as the Sears Tower's 688: 673:Federal Aviation Administration 27:Skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois 13032:Tourist attractions in Chicago 12523:Jones College Prep High School 11291:Northwestern Memorial Hospital 10907:(formerly John Hancock Center) 10842:Proposed supertall skyscrapers 10722:Hyundai Global Business Center 10190:Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel 9798:World Trade Center (1973–2001) 7896:(October 2010). Archived from 7509:"CTBUH Tall Building Database" 7452:Sophie Lewis (June 12, 2019). 7403:"The Ledge at Skydeck Chicago" 7153:Koziarz, Jay (July 16, 2019). 6214:Dummett, Ben (March 9, 2020). 6032:Koziarz, Jay (April 6, 2018). 5636:Jonas, Ilaina (June 1, 2011). 4883:. February 5, 1984. p. 44 4850:. February 1, 1984. p. 31 4631:. October 24, 1973. p. 14 4401:Strong, James (June 2, 1973). 4236:. November 8, 1972. p. 51 3970:"Sears TV Ghost Plea Rejected" 3218:. April 18, 1971. p. D1. 2615: 2569: 2543: 2521: 2474: 2231:Transformers: Dark of the Moon 1900:Specific Area Message Encoding 682:World Trade Center Twin Towers 637:Skidmore, Owings & Merrill 508:Skidmore, Owings & Merrill 414:Skidmore, Owings & Merrill 381:Skidmore, Owings & Merrill 13: 1: 12409:Loop Retail Historic District 11160:Crain Communications Building 11113:Carbide & Carbon Building 11049:(formerly Time-Life Building) 10478:Greenland Group Suzhou Center 10246:Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower 9847:International Commerce Centre 9534: 8392:Building with the most floors 8357:Tallest building in the world 7890:"Top 40 Buildings in Chicago" 7847:Podmolik, Mary Ellen (2009). 7816:Burns, Greg (July 16, 2009). 7072:. March 11, 1973. p. 551 6930:"Art of the Neighborhood New" 6864:. June 2, 1973. p. E12. 6664:. Gingko Press. p. 207. 6630:TallestBuildingintheWorld.com 6604:The Christian Science Monitor 6328:Hourie, Ilya (May 24, 2022). 5951:Sudo, Chuck (April 3, 2018). 5351:. May 1, 2004. Archived from 5139:tribunedigital-chicagotribune 4382:. April 15, 1973. p. 2. 3785:. April 28, 1972. p. 1. 3369:. October 3, 1971. p. 97 3304:"Set First Sears Tower Steel" 3060:. August 30, 1970. p. 97 2712:The Christian Science Monitor 2410: 2250:Position in Chicago's skyline 2206:Late Night with Conan O'Brien 12834:tallest buildings in Chicago 11772:Texas International Airlines 10752:Nanjing Olympic Suning Tower 10463:Chongqing Corporate Avenue 1 10230:World Trade Center Abu Dhabi 9883:Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower 9852:International Finance Centre 9588: 8985:801 Grand/Principal Building 8284:Willis Tower Skydeck website 6785:. August 9, 1971. p. 68 5868:Koziarz, Jay (May 8, 2018). 5839:Gauer, James (May 1, 2022). 4732:. March 18, 1974. p. 67 4706:. March 27, 1974. p. 14 4434:. June 4, 1973. p. 20. 4326:. April 13, 1973. p. 74 2932:American Antiquarian Society 2912:American Antiquarian Society 2415: 1861:) 100.7 MHz, 2 W, 1780:FM 101.9 main, 4.2 kW, 1415:Glass balcony at the Skydeck 1150: 1139:COVID-19 pandemic in Chicago 925: 735:Broadcast-signal controversy 482:, 1,451-foot (442.3 m) 7: 12630:Kluczynski Federal Building 11217:Kluczynski Federal Building 10646: 10533:Xiamen International Centre 10373: 9758:The New York Times Building 9381:West Virginia State Capitol 8515: 8467:Tallest building in Chicago 8127:The San Diego Union-Tribune 7638:. NYC Tower. Archived from 4997:. April 4, 1989. p. 22 4522:. May 22, 1973. p. 8. 4081:"FCC Upheld on Sears Tower" 4002:. July 11, 1972. p. 22 3739:. April 28, 1972. p. 2 2302: 1569: 1516:in the Americas. It is the 1395:space operated by Convene. 1352: 1125:In 2020, insurance company 802:United States Supreme Court 720:Diesel Construction Company 580: 364:and recently modernized by 262:; 50 years ago 244:; 54 years ago 10: 13058: 11910:Legal and public relations 11538:Hilliard Towers Apartments 11441:Three First National Plaza 10473:Eye of Spring Trade Center 10272: 9549: 9213:North Dakota State Capitol 9153:Manchester City Hall Plaza 8218: 8098:. Nbc5.com. Archived from 7888:Johnson, Geoffrey (2010). 7066:"Sears Tower betters code" 6550:Pridmore & Larson 2018 6250:Smith, Ryan (April 2020). 5663:"Willis Tower Up For Sale" 5497:February 17, 2010, at the 3976:. July 1, 1972. p. 95 3950:. June 17, 1972. p. 2 3663:. April 8, 1972. p. 3 3310:. June 8, 1971. p. 53 3038:Pridmore & Larson 2018 2046: 1916: 1828: 1742: 1398: 1164:Batiste, was sentenced to 1036:The tower at night in 2009 808:Topping-out and completion 643:provided MEP engineering. 575: 423:Morse Diesel International 327:1,354 ft (413 m) 319:1,729 ft (527 m) 311:1,451 ft (442 m) 46:Willis Tower as seen from 12880:Montgomery Ward Building 12845:First Holy Name Cathedral 12840: 12778:Museum Campus/11th Street 12762: 12703: 12643: 12600: 12586:Harold Washington Library 12573: 12558:Harold Washington College 12543: 12508: 12501: 12433: 12391: 12324: 12281: 12250: 12195: 12152: 11939: 11909: 11863: 11842: 11816: 11780: 11724: 11708: 11685: 11632: 11596: 11518:Bryn Mawr Apartment Hotel 11484: 11247:Lurie Children's Hospital 11242:London Guarantee Building 11139:City Hall Square Building 11047:541 North Fairbanks Court 11042:425 South Financial Place 10944: 10905:875 North Michigan Avenue 10895: 10834: 10812:Tour Financial Hub Center 10737:Mandarin Oriental Chengdu 10652: 10641: 10617: 10586: 10546: 10455: 10448: 10444: 10433: 10412: 10379: 10368: 10344: 10298: 10282: 10278: 10267: 10238: 10195:JW Marriott Marquis Dubai 10105: 10079: 10058: 10022: 9996: 9980: 9964: 9928: 9907: 9891: 9870: 9829: 9825: 9814: 9708:Comcast Technology Center 9678:875 North Michigan Avenue 9630: 9614: 9598: 9594: 9583: 9555: 9544: 9540: 9529: 9524:(300 m/984 ft and taller) 9261:Comcast Technology Center 9129:First National Bank Tower 8808: 8740: 8543:Colleges and universities 8523: 8477: 8464: 8456: 8445: 8432: 8422: 8411: 8401: 8390: 8377: 8367: 8354: 8345: 8340: 8318:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 7584:"Willis tower foundation" 3894:. May 27, 1972. p. 1 3811:. May 18, 1972. p. 2 2384:List of tallest buildings 2143:19 digital, 645 kW, 1821:FM 94.7 main, 4.4 kW 1467: 970:Hoffman Estates, Illinois 960:In 1990, the law firm of 911:Renovation and relocation 782:Lake County Circuit Court 520:23rd-tallest in the world 458:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 432: 427: 419: 409: 394: 376: 371: 352: 344: 336: 331: 323: 315: 307: 302: 292: 274: 256: 238: 223: 187: 148: 130: 120: 112: 102: 97: 87: 77: 72: 67: 59: 55: 39: 34: 12942:Sears Tower/Willis Tower 12620:James R. Thompson Center 12565:Columbia College Chicago 12553:City Colleges of Chicago 11817:Former holding companies 11709:Current marketing brands 11678:United Airlines Holdings 11207:James R. Thompson Center 11165:Dirksen Federal Building 11058:860-880 Lake Shore Drive 10797:The Stratford Residences 10523:Wuhan CTF Finance Center 9819: 9404:Wyoming Financial Center 9093:Beau Rivage Hotel Casino 8903:1201 North Market Street 8831:Conoco-Phillips Building 8252:(3rd ed.). ABRAMS. 7787:"Sears Tower Now Willis" 7429:BJ Lutz (May 30, 2014). 6757:Construction Week Online 6141:Crain's Chicago Business 6008:Crain's Chicago Business 5930:Crain's Chicago Business 5770:Crain's Chicago Business 5693:Crain's Chicago Business 5487:"Sears Tower in silver?" 5409:Crain's Chicago Business 5267:"Sears Tower: Headlines" 5241:"Sears Tower: Headlines" 2755:"The Tallest Building". 2684:Crain's Chicago Business 2659:Crain's Chicago Business 2609:August 15, 2012, at the 2200:Ferris Bueller's Day Off 1896:National Weather Service 1644:West facade and entrance 1615:Alain "Spiderman" Robert 1330:Elevators and escalators 1213:and structural engineer 756:(FCC) in February 1972. 654:and structural engineer 641:Jaros, Baum & Bolles 591:Sears, Roebuck & Co. 512:world's tallest building 399:Jaros, Baum & Bolles 340:110 (+3 basement floors) 12915:Richard J. Daley Center 12897:Chicago Temple Building 12872:Masonic Temple Building 12651:Chicago Cultural Center 12615:Richard J. Daley Center 12313:American General Center 12253:accidents and incidents 12198:accidents and incidents 12155:accidents and incidents 11942:accidents and incidents 11843:Frequent flyer services 11824:Jet Capital Corporation 11781:Former marketing brands 11762:People Express Airlines 11498:300 West Adams Building 11456:Waldorf Astoria Chicago 11411:Shirley Ryan AbilityLab 11386:Richard J. Daley Center 11227:LaSalle–Wacker Building 11201:Home Insurance Building 11150:Coast at Lakeshore East 11133:Chicago Temple Building 10802:Tameer Commercial Tower 10687:Dalian Greenland Center 10677:Chengdu Greenland Tower 9141:Fontainebleau Las Vegas 9117:First Interstate Center 7478:The Wall Street Journal 7180:"Fazlur Khan Sculpture" 6221:The Wall Street Journal 4519:The Wall Street Journal 4431:The Wall Street Journal 4132:The Wall Street Journal 4050:The Wall Street Journal 3273:The Wall Street Journal 3111:The Wall Street Journal 2354:Architecture of Chicago 1630:Shirley Ryan AbilityLab 1596:Chicago Fire Department 1357: 1344:Chicago Fire Department 1129:had proposed acquiring 855:Opening and early years 372:Design and construction 63:Sears Tower (1973–2009) 12977:Bangladeshi inventions 12854:Saint Michael's Church 12581:Chicago Public Library 12518:Chicago Public Schools 11788:Continental Connection 11742:Continental Micronesia 10772:Runhua Global Center 1 10692:Diamond Tower (Jeddah) 10672:Busan Lotte Town Tower 10528:Xi'an Greenland Center 10513:Suzhou Zhongnan Center 10035:Haeundae LCT The Sharp 9738:One World Trade Center 9189:One World Trade Center 9021:Hancock Whitney Center 8819:RSA Battle House Tower 8449:One World Trade Center 8349:One World Trade Center 7361:"Chicago Event Venues" 6699:. National Academies. 2298: 2177:32 digital, 15 kW 1838:460 & 451 m: 1713: 1645: 1579: 1554:One World Trade Center 1506:One World Trade Center 1485: 1416: 1408: 1367: 1246: 1204: 1201:bundled tube structure 1122:on the lower stories. 1037: 962:Keck, Mahin & Cate 951:AEW Capital Management 920: 786:Illinois Supreme Court 703: 516:third-tallest building 280:; 51 years ago 13042:Fazlur Khan buildings 12404:Jewelers Row District 11955:1934 Boeing 247 crash 11930:United Breaks Guitars 11829:Texas Air Corporation 11638:have been demolished. 11543:Inland Steel Building 11503:The Arc at Old Colony 11471:Wolf Point East Tower 11451:Virgin Hotels Chicago 11073:1700 East 56th Street 11018:(formerly CNA Center) 10762:Palais Royale, Mumbai 10609:Waldorf Astoria Miami 10165:Emirates Office Tower 9793:Wilshire Grand Center 9713:Empire State Building 9693:Bank of America Tower 9688:Bank of America Plaza 9522:Supertall skyscrapers 9105:One Kansas City Place 9033:Saint Joseph's Church 8938:The Central Ala Moana 8927:Bank of America Plaza 8867:Wilshire Grand Center 8225:Kamin, Blair (2001). 6334:The Real Deal Chicago 5983:The Real Deal Chicago 2297: 1857:W264BF (simulcast of 1724:into the same shared 1711: 1643: 1586:, wearing a homemade 1577: 1544:August 12, 2007, the 1475: 1414: 1406: 1365: 1336:double-deck elevators 1296:Atmospheric wave wall 1251:Empire State Building 1240: 1198: 1159:were arrested by the 1091:, and other artists. 1050:Willis Group Holdings 1035: 918: 827:Empire State Building 814:Standard Oil Building 701: 677:minimum safe altitude 624:government of Chicago 366:Otis Elevator Company 12982:Colombian inventions 12477:Two Prudential Plaza 12472:One Prudential Plaza 12446:77 West Wacker Drive 12295:77 West Wacker Drive 12196:Continental Airlines 11871:William A. Patterson 11737:Continental Airlines 11528:Gage Group Buildings 11356:Peoples Gas Building 11326:One Prudential Plaza 11306:One Magnificent Mile 11237:Leo Burnett Building 11185:Grant Thornton Tower 11093:The Blackstone Hotel 10931:Two Prudential Plaza 10792:Square Capital Tower 10682:Chongqing Tall Tower 10657:2 World Trade Center 9773:Two Prudential Plaza 9723:JPMorgan Chase Tower 9648:3 World Trade Center 9643:111 West 57th Street 9321:JPMorgan Chase Tower 7931:on February 22, 2010 7900:on December 24, 2018 7869:. CNN. July 16, 2009 7642:on December 21, 2008 7419:SOM.com Project Page 6965:Architectural Digest 6636:on February 26, 2009 6515:www.thechicago77.com 5845:Architectural Record 5493:, February 25, 2009 5273:on December 14, 2001 5247:on December 14, 2001 3148:The Austin Statesman 2882:, December 28, 2003. 2819:. October 18, 1970. 2557:. September 13, 2018 2462:on December 23, 2019 2145:Tribune Broadcasting 2020:Tribune Broadcasting 1841:WFMT FM 98.7 backups 1814:FM 98.7, 6.0 kW 1712:The tower's antennas 1525:Petronas Twin Towers 1520:by pinnacle height. 1131:Willis Towers Watson 1065:Blackstone ownership 1059:77 West Wacker Drive 991:September 11 attacks 966:77 West Wacker Drive 876:Northwest Industries 558:Willis Towers Watson 239:Construction started 228:Willis Towers Watson 200:Willis Towers Watson 13007:Peruvian inventions 12924:John Hancock Center 12530:Muchin College Prep 11793:Continental Express 11508:Auditorium Building 11376:Presidential Towers 11371:Powhatan Apartments 11361:Pittsfield Building 10889:Chicago skyscrapers 10417:No longer standing. 9837:Bank of China Tower 9606:Gran Torre Santiago 9237:Devon Energy Center 7950:Zorn, Eric (2013). 7519:on October 25, 2008 7266:. November 12, 2013 6809:, February 15, 1975 6491:. November 20, 2009 6143:. September 6, 2018 6065:. February 15, 2018 5468:on November 2, 2012 5385:on October 26, 2012 5355:on October 26, 2012 5174:on November 2, 2012 5148:on November 9, 2021 4203:. October 6, 1972. 2686:. September 1, 2021 2345:Architecture portal 2228:. In the 2011 film 2193:Cultural depictions 1910:Television stations 1872:table of allotments 1849:WBBM-FM 96.3 backup 1561:John Hancock Center 1384:mail-order catalogs 1366:Bottom of the tower 1241:Sculpture honoring 997:Syndicate ownership 865:John Hancock Center 773:Deerfield, Illinois 410:Structural engineer 172:41.8789°N 87.6358°W 168: / 121:Architectural style 98:General information 12773:Millennium Station 12739:Monroe (Blue Line) 12467:Monadnock Building 12441:333 North Michigan 11563:Monadnock Building 11553:Marquette Building 11548:Manhattan Building 11341:Palmolive Building 11336:Palmer House Hotel 11269:Metropolitan Tower 11155:Consumers Building 11063:900 North Michigan 11011:333 North Michigan 10986:151 North Franklin 10945:Selected buildings 10717:Goldin Finance 117 10564:Taipei Twin Towers 10439:Under construction 10326:Mercury City Tower 10130:ADNOC Headquarters 10050:Posco Tower-Songdo 9753:The Brooklyn Tower 9698:Central Park Tower 9409:Federal districts: 9333:Wells Fargo Center 9249:Wells Fargo Center 9069:Renaissance Center 9057:John Hancock Tower 9045:Transamerica Tower 8154:. October 17, 2013 6903:. October 22, 2020 6394:The New York Times 6360:The New York Times 5932:. February 7, 2017 5772:. January 31, 2017 5546:The New York Times 5411:. February 1, 2007 4819:Women's Wear Daily 4551:Women's Wear Daily 4352:. April 12, 1973. 4350:The New York Times 4201:The New York Times 3605:Women's Wear Daily 3446:Women's Wear Daily 3334:The New York Times 3177:The New York Times 2817:The New York Times 2487:The New York Times 2299: 1888:NOAA Weather Radio 1714: 1646: 1580: 1510:Central Park Tower 1502:Western Hemisphere 1486: 1417: 1409: 1368: 1247: 1243:Fazlur Rahman Khan 1215:Fazlur Rahman Khan 1205: 1144:The New York Times 1112:Elmhurst, Illinois 1038: 943:Olympia & York 921: 829:in New York City. 724:general contractor 704: 694:Early construction 656:Fazlur Rahman Khan 504:Fazlur Rahman Khan 490:community area of 385:Fazlur Rahman Khan 82:World Trade Center 12954: 12953: 12946: 12937: 12928: 12919: 12910: 12901: 12892: 12883: 12876: 12867: 12858: 12849: 12796: 12795: 12749:Washington/Wabash 12734:Monroe (Red Line) 12666:Maggie Daley Park 12656:Civic Opera House 12610:Chicago City Hall 12596: 12595: 12511:secondary schools 12351: 12350: 12301:1600 Smith Street 11803:Shuttle by United 11767:Frontier Airlines 11643: 11642: 11614:Chicago City Hall 11578:Reliance Building 11533:Heyworth Building 11491:12 or more floors 11466:Water Tower Place 11391:River East Center 11316:One North LaSalle 11170:Essex on the Park 11145:Civic Opera House 11108:Builders Building 11088:Bilandic Building 11068:900 West Randolph 11032:400 East Randolph 10921:St. Regis Chicago 10897:Tallest buildings 10855: 10854: 10830: 10829: 10702:Dubai Towers Doha 10637: 10636: 10633: 10632: 10582: 10581: 10498:North Bund Centre 10468:Evergrande Center 10429: 10428: 10425: 10424: 10408: 10407: 10404: 10403: 10364: 10363: 10360: 10359: 10263: 10262: 10259: 10258: 10120:Address Boulevard 10040:Lotte World Tower 9810: 9809: 9806: 9805: 9783:Wells Fargo Plaza 9748:St. Regis Chicago 9703:Chrysler Building 9579: 9578: 9575: 9574: 9488: 9487: 9469:Dos Marinas I, II 9309:AT&T Building 9297:CenturyLink Tower 9177:Albuquerque Plaza 8768: 8767: 8651:Metropolitan area 8484: 8483: 8472: 8446:Succeeded by 8440: 8423:Succeeded by 8417: 8402:Succeeded by 8396: 8383: 8368:Succeeded by 8362: 8295:Skyscraper Center 8259:978-1-68335-421-5 8238:978-0-226-42322-7 8203:. ChicagoBusiness 8076:on April 30, 2009 7855:(March 13, 2009). 7693:on March 20, 2012 7616:on March 21, 2009 7564:on April 10, 2012 7289:. Chicago Tribune 6696:Memorial Tributes 6517:. January 9, 2009 6447:. October 3, 2007 6193:Insurance Journal 5745:Chicago Sun-Times 5521:on April 19, 2009 5491:Chicago Sun-Times 5462:Chicago Sun-Times 5379:Chicago Sun-Times 5349:Chicago Sun-Times 4803:978-1-58093-221-9 4283:Los Angeles Times 3948:The Journal Times 3179:. July 28, 1970. 2218:In the 2008 film 2212:Life After People 2190: 2189: 1885: 1884: 1852:WBMX 104.3 backup 1663:Diff'rent Strokes 1590:suit while using 1582:On May 25, 1981, 1199:Breakdown of the 1180:Ernst & Young 1141:. In April 2023, 1061:to Willis Tower. 832:The building was 728:Gordon M. Metcalf 595:an office complex 527:Jackson Boulevard 468: 467: 332:Technical details 177:41.8789; -87.6358 16:(Redirected from 13049: 12944: 12935: 12926: 12917: 12908: 12899: 12890: 12888:Wrigley Building 12881: 12874: 12865: 12856: 12847: 12823: 12816: 12809: 12800: 12799: 12788:Van Buren Street 12754:Washington/Wells 12671:Dearborn Station 12506: 12505: 12482:Rookery Building 12378: 12371: 12364: 12355: 12354: 12343: 12336: 12332: 12331: 12317: 11798:Continental Lite 11747:Continental West 11732:Capital Airlines 11686:Current airlines 11679: 11670: 11663: 11656: 11647: 11646: 11624:Washington Block 11583:Rookery Building 11523:Chicago Building 11489:skyscrapers with 11486:Chicago Landmark 11476:Wrigley Building 11461:Warwick Allerton 11396:Roanoke Building 11331:Optima Signature 11321:One North Wacker 11301:One Bennett Park 11275:Montauk Building 11222:Lake Point Tower 11053:540 West Madison 11037:401 East Ontario 11022:333 Wacker Drive 11016:333 South Wabash 11006:330 North Wabash 11001:311 South Wacker 10996:181 West Madison 10991:155 North Wacker 10981:111 South Wacker 10976:110 North Wacker 10882: 10875: 10868: 10859: 10858: 10782:Sino-Steel Tower 10643: 10642: 10599:520 Fifth Avenue 10508:South Asian Gate 10453: 10452: 10446: 10445: 10435: 10434: 10418: 10381: 10380: 10370: 10369: 10316:Federation Tower 10306:City of Capitals 10280: 10279: 10269: 10268: 10210:The Marina Torch 10125:Address Downtown 10087:Baiyoke Tower II 10004:The Clock Towers 9972:Metrobank Center 9936:The Exchange 106 9827: 9826: 9816: 9815: 9743:Salesforce Tower 9638:1 Manhattan West 9596: 9595: 9585: 9584: 9557: 9556: 9546: 9545: 9542: 9541: 9531: 9530: 9515: 9508: 9501: 9492: 9491: 9393:U.S. Bank Center 9165:99 Hudson Street 8973:Salesforce Tower 8795: 8788: 8781: 8772: 8771: 8758: 8757: 8748: 8510: 8503: 8496: 8487: 8486: 8470: 8457:Preceded by 8438: 8415: 8394: 8381: 8360: 8346:Preceded by 8338: 8337: 8323: 8317: 8309: 8279: 8278: 8276:Official website 8263: 8242: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8196: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8144: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8102:on March 2, 2008 8092: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8066: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8055: 8044: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8022: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7978: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7967: 7962:on June 22, 2013 7947: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7927:. 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March 15, 2015 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5587:. Archived from 5576: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5507: 5501: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5464:. Archived from 5453: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5299:. March 12, 2004 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5190: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5147: 5141:. Archived from 5131: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5100: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4904: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4873: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4840: 4831: 4830: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4787: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4678:Chicago Defender 4673: 4667: 4666: 4650: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4621: 4612: 4611: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4461: 4452: 4451: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4316: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4164: 4153: 4152: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4021: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3830: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3737:The Daily Herald 3729: 3723: 3722: 3706: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3626: 3617: 3616: 3600: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3414: 3405: 3404: 3388: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3336:. June 8, 1971. 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3267: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3211: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3169: 3160: 3159: 3143: 3132: 3131: 3105: 3096: 3095: 3079: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3050: 3041: 3035: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3016:on March 8, 2008 3006: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2972: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2935: 2929: 2915: 2909: 2894: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2847: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2809: 2788: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2752: 2739: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2707: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2650: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2628:The Cranky Flier 2619: 2613: 2602: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2582:Chicago Magazine 2573: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2507: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2448: 2347: 2342: 2341: 2333: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2319: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2257: 2224:, it is part of 1914: 1913: 1740: 1739: 1672:Marshall Field's 1604:high-rise rescue 1455: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1071:Blackstone Group 1044:Although Sears' 1023:Skokie, Illinois 888:Alexander Calder 844: 560:, and law firms 463: 457: 449: 437: 360:, modernized by 297:Blackstone Group 288: 286: 281: 270: 268: 263: 252: 250: 245: 183: 182: 180: 179: 178: 173: 169: 166: 165: 164: 161: 142:, Illinois 60606 108: 44: 32: 31: 21: 13057: 13056: 13052: 13051: 13050: 13048: 13047: 13046: 13037:United Airlines 12992:Central Chicago 12957: 12956: 12955: 12950: 12836: 12827: 12797: 12792: 12758: 12699: 12688:Millennium Park 12644:Other landmarks 12639: 12602: 12592: 12569: 12545: 12539: 12510: 12497: 12487:Sullivan Center 12429: 12387: 12382: 12352: 12347: 12341: 12334: 12320: 12315: 12277: 12252: 12246: 12197: 12191: 12154: 12148: 11941: 11940:United Airlines 11935: 11905: 11859: 11838: 11834:UAL Corporation 11812: 11776: 11725:Former airlines 11720: 11704: 11693:United Airlines 11681: 11677: 11674: 11644: 11639: 11628: 11592: 11588:Sullivan Center 11513:Brooks Building 11490: 11488: 11480: 11311:One Museum Park 11180:Fisher Building 11103:Boeing Building 11078:Accenture Tower 11027:340 on the Park 10966:71 South Wacker 10948: 10947:with 20 or more 10946: 10940: 10916:Franklin Center 10891: 10886: 10856: 10851: 10826: 10662:45 Broad Street 10648: 10629: 10613: 10594:270 Park Avenue 10578: 10542: 10440: 10421: 10416: 10400: 10375: 10356: 10340: 10294: 10274: 10255: 10234: 10160:Elite Residence 10155:DAMAC Residenze 10107: 10101: 10075: 10054: 10018: 9992: 9976: 9960: 9951:Petronas Towers 9924: 9903: 9899:Abu Dhabi Plaza 9887: 9866: 9821: 9802: 9778:U.S. Bank Tower 9718:Franklin Center 9668:50 Hudson Yards 9663:432 Park Avenue 9658:35 Hudson Yards 9653:30 Hudson Yards 9626: 9622:Torres Obispado 9610: 9590: 9571: 9551: 9536: 9525: 9519: 9489: 9484: 9483: 9482: 9481: 9480: 9477: 9471: 9470: 9467: 9461: 9460: 9457: 9451: 9450: 9447: 9441: 9440: 9435: 9429: 9423: 9422: 9417: 9411: 9406: 9405: 9402: 9396: 9395: 9390: 9384: 9383: 9378: 9372: 9371: 9369:Columbia Center 9366: 9360: 9359: 9354: 9348: 9347: 9342: 9336: 9335: 9330: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9312: 9311: 9306: 9300: 9299: 9294: 9288: 9287: 9282: 9276: 9275: 9270: 9264: 9263: 9258: 9252: 9251: 9246: 9240: 9239: 9234: 9228: 9227: 9222: 9216: 9215: 9210: 9204: 9203: 9198: 9192: 9191: 9186: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9168: 9167: 9162: 9156: 9155: 9150: 9144: 9143: 9138: 9132: 9131: 9126: 9120: 9119: 9114: 9108: 9107: 9102: 9096: 9095: 9090: 9084: 9083: 9078: 9072: 9071: 9066: 9060: 9059: 9054: 9048: 9047: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9030: 9024: 9023: 9018: 9012: 9011: 9009:400 West Market 9006: 9000: 8999: 8994: 8988: 8987: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8970: 8964: 8963: 8958: 8952: 8951: 8949:Eighth and Main 8946: 8940: 8939: 8936: 8930: 8929: 8924: 8918: 8917: 8912: 8906: 8905: 8900: 8894: 8893: 8888: 8882: 8881: 8876: 8870: 8869: 8864: 8858: 8857: 8852: 8846: 8845: 8840: 8834: 8833: 8828: 8822: 8821: 8816: 8804: 8799: 8769: 8764: 8736: 8548:Community areas 8519: 8514: 8474: 8469: 8462: 8452: 8442: 8437: 8428: 8419: 8414: 8407: 8398: 8393: 8385: 8380: 8373: 8371:Petronas Towers 8364: 8359: 8352: 8311: 8310: 8298: 8274: 8273: 8270: 8260: 8239: 8221: 8216: 8206: 8204: 8197: 8193: 8183: 8181: 8180:. June 29, 2011 8178:Chicago Tribune 8172: 8171: 8167: 8157: 8155: 8146: 8145: 8141: 8131: 8129: 8119: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8094: 8093: 8089: 8079: 8077: 8068: 8067: 8063: 8053: 8051: 8046: 8045: 8041: 8031: 8029: 8024: 8023: 8019: 8009: 8007: 8002: 8001: 7997: 7987: 7985: 7980: 7979: 7975: 7965: 7963: 7956:Chicago Tribune 7948: 7944: 7934: 7932: 7917: 7913: 7903: 7901: 7886: 7882: 7872: 7870: 7865: 7864: 7860: 7853:Chicago Tribune 7845: 7841: 7831: 7829: 7828:on July 3, 2012 7822:Chicago Tribune 7814: 7810: 7800: 7798: 7797:on July 3, 2012 7791:Chicago Tribune 7785: 7784: 7780: 7770: 7768: 7758: 7754: 7744: 7742: 7737: 7736: 7732: 7722: 7720: 7711: 7710: 7706: 7696: 7694: 7685: 7684: 7680: 7670: 7668: 7666:Skydeck Chicago 7660: 7659: 7655: 7645: 7643: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7619: 7617: 7608: 7607: 7603: 7595: 7591: 7582: 7581: 7577: 7567: 7565: 7552: 7551: 7547: 7539: 7532: 7522: 7520: 7507: 7506: 7502: 7473: 7469: 7459: 7457: 7450: 7446: 7436: 7434: 7427: 7423: 7412: 7410: 7409:on June 8, 2011 7401: 7400: 7396: 7384: 7380: 7370: 7368: 7365:Skydeck Chicago 7359: 7358: 7354: 7344: 7342: 7340:Chicago Tribune 7332: 7328: 7318: 7316: 7306: 7302: 7292: 7290: 7283: 7279: 7269: 7267: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7243: 7241: 7231: 7224: 7214: 7212: 7202: 7195: 7185: 7183: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7163: 7161: 7151: 7147: 7137: 7135: 7132:Chicago Tribune 7124: 7117: 7102:Chicago Tribune 7099: 7098: 7085: 7075: 7073: 7070:Chicago Tribune 7064: 7063: 7059: 7049: 7047: 7044:Chicago Tribune 7036: 7032: 7022: 7020: 7017:Chicago Tribune 7009: 7005: 6995: 6993: 6983: 6979: 6969: 6967: 6957: 6948: 6938: 6936: 6928: 6927: 6916: 6906: 6904: 6895: 6894: 6885: 6859: 6858: 6849: 6836:. p. I14. 6834:Chicago Tribune 6830: 6813: 6805: 6798: 6788: 6786: 6783:Chicago Tribune 6777: 6776: 6772: 6762: 6760: 6751: 6750: 6746: 6736: 6734: 6719: 6718: 6714: 6707: 6691: 6687: 6672: 6658: 6649: 6639: 6637: 6624: 6623: 6619: 6600: 6581: 6571: 6569: 6561: 6560: 6556: 6548: 6544: 6539:. May 20, 2020. 6535: 6534: 6530: 6520: 6518: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6494: 6492: 6487: 6486: 6482: 6472: 6470: 6465: 6464: 6460: 6450: 6448: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6428: 6426: 6425:. June 23, 2006 6421: 6420: 6416: 6406: 6404: 6386: 6382: 6372: 6370: 6352: 6348: 6338: 6336: 6326: 6322: 6312: 6310: 6301: 6300: 6296: 6286: 6284: 6283:. July 26, 2021 6275: 6274: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6248: 6244: 6234: 6232: 6212: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6195:. March 9, 2020 6187: 6186: 6182: 6172: 6170: 6160: 6156: 6146: 6144: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6120: 6118: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6082: 6078: 6068: 6066: 6057: 6056: 6052: 6042: 6040: 6030: 6023: 6013: 6011: 6010:. April 2, 2018 6002: 6001: 5997: 5987: 5985: 5975: 5971: 5961: 5959: 5949: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5924: 5923: 5919: 5909: 5907: 5905:Chicago Tribune 5897: 5888: 5878: 5876: 5866: 5859: 5849: 5847: 5837: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5808:Chicago Tribune 5800: 5785: 5775: 5773: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5749: 5747: 5739: 5738: 5734: 5724: 5722: 5720:Chicago Tribune 5712: 5708: 5698: 5696: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5672: 5670: 5669:. March 5, 2015 5661: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5634: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5617:. July 16, 2009 5609: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5591:on July 3, 2012 5585:Chicago Tribune 5577: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5538: 5534: 5524: 5522: 5515:Chicago Tribune 5509: 5508: 5504: 5499:Wayback Machine 5485: 5481: 5471: 5469: 5454: 5450: 5440: 5438: 5436:Chicago Tribune 5428: 5424: 5414: 5412: 5403: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5386: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5358: 5356: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5328: 5326: 5324:Chicago Tribune 5316: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5265: 5264: 5260: 5250: 5248: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5217: 5213: 5203: 5201: 5200:. July 16, 2009 5192: 5191: 5187: 5177: 5175: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5133: 5132: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5109:Chicago Tribune 5101: 5097: 5087: 5085: 5081:. pp. 21, 5079:Chicago Tribune 5071: 5067: 5057: 5055: 5052:Chicago Tribune 5044: 5040: 5030: 5028: 5024:. pp. 41, 5022:Chicago Tribune 5014: 5010: 5000: 4998: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4966:Chicago Tribune 4958: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4939:Chicago Tribune 4931: 4927: 4917: 4915: 4906: 4905: 4896: 4886: 4884: 4875: 4874: 4863: 4853: 4851: 4848:Chicago Tribune 4842: 4841: 4834: 4815: 4811: 4804: 4788: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4757:Chicago Tribune 4749: 4745: 4735: 4733: 4730:Chicago Tribune 4724: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4704:Chicago Tribune 4698: 4697: 4693: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4652: 4651: 4644: 4634: 4632: 4629:Chicago Tribune 4623: 4622: 4615: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4577:Chicago Tribune 4571: 4570: 4566: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4470:Chicago Tribune 4462: 4455: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4407:Chicago Tribune 4399: 4395: 4380:Chicago Tribune 4377: 4376: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4324:Chicago Tribune 4318: 4317: 4310: 4302: 4298: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4260:Chicago Tribune 4254: 4253: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4234:Chicago Tribune 4228: 4227: 4223: 4213: 4211: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4172:Chicago Tribune 4166: 4165: 4156: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4085:Chicago Tribune 4079: 4078: 4074: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4026:Chicago Tribune 4022: 4015: 4005: 4003: 4000:Chicago Tribune 3994: 3993: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3974:Chicago Tribune 3968: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3919:Chicago Tribune 3911: 3907: 3897: 3895: 3892:Chicago Tribune 3886: 3885: 3881: 3871: 3869: 3866:Chicago Tribune 3858: 3854: 3844: 3842: 3839:Chicago Tribune 3831: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3809:Chicago Tribune 3803: 3802: 3798: 3783:Chicago Tribune 3780: 3779: 3775: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3742: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3711:Chicago Tribune 3708: 3707: 3703: 3693: 3691: 3688:Chicago Tribune 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3661:Chicago Tribune 3655: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3635:Chicago Tribune 3627: 3620: 3601: 3594: 3584: 3582: 3579:Chicago Tribune 3571: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3552:Chicago Tribune 3546: 3545: 3541: 3522: 3518: 3499: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3475:. p. A13. 3473:Chicago Tribune 3465: 3461: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3423:Chicago Tribune 3415: 3408: 3389: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3367:Chicago Tribune 3361: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3313: 3311: 3308:Chicago Tribune 3302: 3301: 3297: 3268: 3257: 3247: 3245: 3242:Chicago Tribune 3236: 3235: 3231: 3216:Chicago Tribune 3213: 3212: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3171: 3170: 3163: 3150:. p. A13. 3144: 3135: 3106: 3099: 3086:. p. C16. 3084:Chicago Tribune 3080: 3073: 3063: 3061: 3058:Chicago Tribune 3052: 3051: 3044: 3036: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3008: 3007: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2981:Chicago Tribune 2973: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2927: 2919:McCusker, J. J. 2907: 2899:McCusker, J. J. 2895: 2886: 2880:Chicago Tribune 2878: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2856:Chicago Tribune 2848: 2839: 2829: 2827: 2811: 2810: 2791: 2784: 2780: 2754: 2753: 2742: 2735:Chicago Tribune 2731: 2727: 2708: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2651: 2642: 2632: 2630: 2620: 2616: 2611:Wayback Machine 2603: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2574: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2555:Chicago Tribune 2549: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2515:willistower.com 2509: 2508: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2479: 2475: 2465: 2463: 2450: 2449: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2343: 2336: 2331:Illinois portal 2329: 2324: 2322: 2315: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2255: 2252: 2221:The Dark Knight 2195: 1912: 1738: 1706: 1698:Chicago Tribune 1658:Chicago Tribune 1638: 1572: 1470: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1456: 1443:laminated glass 1401: 1360: 1355: 1332: 1309:Chicago Tribune 1304: 1227: 1225:Form and facade 1207: 1206: 1191: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1153: 1089:Jacob Hashimoto 1085:Olafur Eliasson 1067: 1055:United Airlines 999: 986: 934:Chicago Tribune 913: 893:Montgomery Ward 857: 852: 842: 839:Chicago Tribune 810: 737: 696: 691: 632: 616:Greyhound Lines 588: 583: 578: 554:United Airlines 464: 451: 450: 438: 420:Main contractor 387: 383: 362:Schindler Group 353:Lifts/elevators 284: 282: 279: 266: 264: 261: 248: 246: 243: 230: 219: 195:United Airlines 188:Current tenants 176: 174: 170: 167: 162: 159: 157: 155: 154: 143: 138: 106: 92:Petronas Towers 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13055: 13045: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12952: 12951: 12949: 12948: 12939: 12930: 12921: 12912: 12903: 12894: 12885: 12878: 12869: 12860: 12851: 12841: 12838: 12837: 12826: 12825: 12818: 12811: 12803: 12794: 12793: 12791: 12790: 12785: 12783:LaSalle Street 12780: 12775: 12769: 12767: 12760: 12759: 12757: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12710: 12708: 12701: 12700: 12698: 12697: 12696: 12695: 12685: 12684: 12683: 12673: 12668: 12663: 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12074: 12068: 12062: 12056: 12050: 12044: 12038: 12033: 12027: 12022: 12016: 12010: 12005: 11999: 11993: 11987: 11981: 11975: 11969: 11963: 11957: 11952: 11945: 11943: 11937: 11936: 11934: 11933: 11926: 11921: 11913: 11911: 11907: 11906: 11904: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11867: 11865: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11857: 11852: 11846: 11844: 11840: 11839: 11837: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11820: 11818: 11814: 11813: 11811: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11784: 11782: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11728: 11726: 11722: 11721: 11719: 11718: 11716:United Express 11712: 11710: 11706: 11705: 11703: 11702: 11701: 11700: 11689: 11687: 11683: 11682: 11673: 11672: 11665: 11658: 11650: 11641: 11640: 11633: 11630: 11629: 11627: 11626: 11621: 11619:Chicago School 11616: 11611: 11606: 11600: 11598: 11594: 11593: 11591: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11494: 11492: 11482: 11481: 11479: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11416:The Buckingham 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11296:Olympia Centre 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11258:Masonic Temple 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11197: 11195:Hilton Chicago 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11175:Field Building 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10971:77 West Wacker 10968: 10963: 10958: 10956:35 East Wacker 10952: 10950: 10942: 10941: 10939: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10901: 10899: 10893: 10892: 10885: 10884: 10877: 10870: 10862: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10835: 10832: 10831: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10824: 10819: 10817:Tower Infinity 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10777:Ryugyong Hotel 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10712:Gate of Kuwait 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10653: 10650: 10649: 10639: 10638: 10635: 10634: 10631: 10630: 10628: 10627: 10621: 10619: 10615: 10614: 10612: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10590: 10588: 10584: 10583: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10550: 10548: 10544: 10543: 10541: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10459: 10457: 10450: 10442: 10441: 10431: 10430: 10427: 10426: 10423: 10422: 10420: 10419: 10413: 10410: 10409: 10406: 10405: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10398: 10393: 10387: 10385: 10377: 10376: 10366: 10365: 10362: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10354: 10348: 10346: 10345:United Kingdom 10342: 10341: 10339: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10302: 10300: 10296: 10295: 10293: 10292: 10286: 10284: 10276: 10275: 10265: 10264: 10261: 10260: 10257: 10256: 10254: 10253: 10248: 10242: 10240: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10220:Princess Tower 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10111: 10109: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10083: 10081: 10077: 10076: 10074: 10073: 10068: 10062: 10060: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10026: 10024: 10020: 10019: 10017: 10016: 10011: 10009:Kingdom Centre 10006: 10000: 9998: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9990: 9984: 9982: 9978: 9977: 9975: 9974: 9968: 9966: 9962: 9961: 9959: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9932: 9930: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9922: 9917: 9915:Al Hamra Tower 9911: 9909: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9901: 9895: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9886: 9885: 9880: 9874: 9872: 9868: 9867: 9865: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9833: 9831: 9823: 9822: 9812: 9811: 9808: 9807: 9804: 9803: 9801: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9733:One Vanderbilt 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9634: 9632: 9628: 9627: 9625: 9624: 9618: 9616: 9612: 9611: 9609: 9608: 9602: 9600: 9592: 9591: 9581: 9580: 9577: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9569: 9563: 9561: 9553: 9552: 9538: 9537: 9527: 9526: 9518: 9517: 9510: 9503: 9495: 9486: 9485: 9478: 9473: 9472: 9468: 9463: 9462: 9458: 9453: 9452: 9449:Oceana Tower 2 9448: 9443: 9442: 9436: 9431: 9430: 9425: 9424: 9418: 9413: 9412: 9407: 9403: 9398: 9397: 9391: 9386: 9385: 9379: 9374: 9373: 9367: 9362: 9361: 9355: 9350: 9349: 9343: 9338: 9337: 9331: 9326: 9325: 9319: 9314: 9313: 9307: 9302: 9301: 9295: 9290: 9289: 9285:Capitol Center 9283: 9278: 9277: 9271: 9266: 9265: 9259: 9254: 9253: 9247: 9242: 9241: 9235: 9230: 9229: 9223: 9218: 9217: 9211: 9206: 9205: 9199: 9194: 9193: 9187: 9182: 9181: 9175: 9170: 9169: 9163: 9158: 9157: 9151: 9146: 9145: 9139: 9134: 9133: 9127: 9122: 9121: 9115: 9110: 9109: 9103: 9098: 9097: 9091: 9086: 9085: 9079: 9074: 9073: 9067: 9062: 9061: 9055: 9050: 9049: 9043: 9038: 9037: 9031: 9026: 9025: 9019: 9014: 9013: 9007: 9002: 9001: 8995: 8990: 8989: 8983: 8978: 8977: 8971: 8966: 8965: 8959: 8954: 8953: 8947: 8942: 8941: 8937: 8932: 8931: 8925: 8920: 8919: 8915:Panorama Tower 8913: 8908: 8907: 8901: 8896: 8895: 8889: 8884: 8883: 8879:Republic Plaza 8877: 8872: 8871: 8865: 8860: 8859: 8853: 8848: 8847: 8841: 8836: 8835: 8829: 8824: 8823: 8817: 8812: 8811: 8810: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8798: 8797: 8790: 8783: 8775: 8766: 8765: 8763: 8762: 8752: 8741: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8734: 8729: 8727:Transportation 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8708: 8707: 8700:Public schools 8697: 8696: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8675: 8674: 8673: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8647: 8646: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8625: 8624: 8619: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8583: 8582: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8561: 8560: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8513: 8512: 8505: 8498: 8490: 8482: 8481: 8476: 8463: 8458: 8454: 8453: 8447: 8444: 8430: 8429: 8424: 8421: 8409: 8408: 8403: 8400: 8388: 8387: 8375: 8374: 8369: 8366: 8353: 8347: 8343: 8342: 8336: 8335: 8324: 8300:"Willis Tower" 8296: 8286: 8281: 8269: 8268:External links 8266: 8265: 8264: 8258: 8243: 8237: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8214: 8191: 8165: 8139: 8113: 8087: 8061: 8039: 8017: 7995: 7973: 7942: 7911: 7880: 7858: 7839: 7808: 7778: 7752: 7730: 7719:. May 26, 1981 7717:New York Times 7704: 7678: 7653: 7627: 7601: 7589: 7575: 7545: 7543:, p. 109. 7530: 7500: 7467: 7444: 7421: 7394: 7392:, July 1, 2009 7378: 7352: 7326: 7300: 7277: 7251: 7239:Curbed Chicago 7222: 7193: 7171: 7159:Curbed Chicago 7145: 7115: 7083: 7057: 7030: 7003: 6977: 6946: 6914: 6883: 6847: 6811: 6807:The Times-News 6796: 6770: 6744: 6712: 6705: 6685: 6670: 6647: 6617: 6606:. p. 12. 6579: 6563:"Willis Tower" 6554: 6552:, p. 181. 6542: 6528: 6502: 6480: 6469:. May 12, 2009 6458: 6436: 6414: 6380: 6346: 6320: 6309:. May 24, 2022 6294: 6268: 6242: 6206: 6180: 6154: 6128: 6116:Curbed Chicago 6102: 6076: 6050: 6038:Curbed Chicago 6021: 5995: 5969: 5943: 5917: 5886: 5874:Curbed Chicago 5857: 5820: 5783: 5757: 5732: 5706: 5680: 5654: 5628: 5602: 5566: 5532: 5502: 5479: 5448: 5422: 5396: 5366: 5336: 5310: 5284: 5258: 5232: 5211: 5185: 5159: 5121: 5095: 5065: 5038: 5008: 4982: 4968:. pp. 1, 4952: 4925: 4894: 4861: 4832: 4809: 4802: 4773: 4759:. pp. 1, 4743: 4717: 4691: 4668: 4642: 4613: 4590: 4564: 4541: 4508: 4483: 4453: 4420: 4393: 4370: 4337: 4308: 4306:, p. 105. 4296: 4285:. p. 20. 4273: 4247: 4221: 4188: 4154: 4121: 4098: 4072: 4039: 4013: 3987: 3961: 3935: 3921:. pp. 1, 3905: 3879: 3852: 3822: 3796: 3773: 3750: 3724: 3701: 3674: 3648: 3618: 3592: 3565: 3539: 3516: 3493: 3459: 3436: 3406: 3380: 3354: 3321: 3295: 3255: 3229: 3197: 3161: 3133: 3097: 3071: 3042: 3040:, p. 182. 3027: 2994: 2952: 2936:1800–present: 2884: 2872: 2858:. pp. 1. 2837: 2789: 2778: 2740: 2725: 2714:. p. 12. 2697: 2671: 2640: 2614: 2594: 2568: 2542: 2520: 2499: 2473: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2334: 2320: 2317:Chicago portal 2304: 2301: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2172: 2162: 2156: 2147: 2137: 2130: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2099: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2068: 2061: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2022: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2004: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1987: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1950: 1947: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1911: 1908: 1904:weather radios 1883: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1869: 1863:Calvary Chapel 1855: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1842: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1827: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1815: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1800: 1791: 1784: 1774: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1759: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1737: 1736:Radio stations 1734: 1705: 1702: 1637: 1634: 1571: 1568: 1469: 1466: 1458: 1457: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1400: 1397: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1331: 1328: 1303: 1300: 1283:belted trusses 1226: 1223: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1155:In June 2006, 1152: 1149: 1066: 1063: 1007:Joseph Moinian 1003:Joseph Chetrit 998: 995: 985: 982: 912: 909: 856: 853: 851: 848: 809: 806: 736: 733: 695: 692: 690: 687: 631: 630:Design process 628: 607:Saul Ewing LLP 600:Chicago's Loop 587: 586:Site selection 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 570:Morgan Stanley 466: 465: 440:"Willis Tower" 430: 429: 425: 424: 421: 417: 416: 411: 407: 406: 396: 392: 391: 378: 374: 373: 369: 368: 354: 350: 349: 346: 342: 341: 338: 334: 333: 329: 328: 325: 321: 320: 317: 313: 312: 309: 305: 304: 300: 299: 294: 290: 289: 285:September 1973 278:September 1973 276: 272: 271: 258: 254: 253: 240: 236: 235: 225: 221: 220: 218: 217: 215:Morgan Stanley 212: 207: 202: 197: 191: 189: 185: 184: 152: 146: 145: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 70: 69: 65: 64: 61: 57: 56: 53: 52: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13054: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12964: 12962: 12943: 12940: 12934: 12931: 12925: 12922: 12916: 12913: 12907: 12904: 12898: 12895: 12889: 12886: 12879: 12873: 12870: 12864: 12861: 12855: 12852: 12846: 12843: 12842: 12839: 12835: 12831: 12824: 12819: 12817: 12812: 12810: 12805: 12804: 12801: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12761: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12702: 12694: 12691: 12690: 12689: 12686: 12682: 12679: 12678: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12642: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12607: 12605: 12599: 12587: 12584: 12583: 12582: 12579: 12578: 12576: 12572: 12566: 12563: 12559: 12556: 12555: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12548: 12542: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12524: 12521: 12520: 12519: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12507: 12504: 12500: 12494:(Sears Tower) 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12438: 12436: 12432: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12420:Printer's Row 12418: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12396: 12394: 12390: 12386: 12379: 12374: 12372: 12367: 12365: 12360: 12359: 12356: 12344: 12339: 12337: 12327: 12326: 12323: 12314: 12311: 12308: 12307:600 Jefferson 12305: 12302: 12299: 12296: 12293: 12290: 12287: 12286: 12284: 12280: 12273: 12270: 12267: 12264: 12261: 12258: 12257: 12255: 12249: 12242: 12239: 12236: 12233: 12230: 12227: 12224: 12221: 12218: 12215: 12212: 12209: 12206: 12203: 12202: 12200: 12194: 12187: 12184: 12181: 12178: 12175: 12172: 12169: 12166: 12163: 12160: 12159: 12157: 12151: 12144: 12141: 12138: 12135: 12132: 12129: 12126: 12123: 12120: 12117: 12114: 12111: 12108: 12105: 12102: 12099: 12096: 12093: 12090: 12087: 12084: 12081: 12078: 12075: 12072: 12069: 12066: 12063: 12060: 12057: 12054: 12051: 12048: 12045: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12020: 12017: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12003: 12000: 11997: 11994: 11991: 11988: 11985: 11982: 11979: 11976: 11973: 11970: 11967: 11964: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11950: 11947: 11946: 11944: 11938: 11931: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11919: 11915: 11914: 11912: 11908: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11896:Walter Varney 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11881:Larry Kellner 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11868: 11866: 11862: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11841: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11821: 11819: 11815: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11785: 11783: 11779: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11723: 11717: 11714: 11713: 11711: 11707: 11699: 11696: 11695: 11694: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11684: 11680: 11671: 11666: 11664: 11659: 11657: 11652: 11651: 11648: 11637: 11634:Buildings in 11631: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11601: 11599: 11595: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11495: 11493: 11487: 11483: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11446:Tribune Tower 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11351:The Parkshore 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11276: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11259: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11212:Joffrey Tower 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11202: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11140: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11128:Chicago Place 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10953: 10951: 10943: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10906: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10883: 10878: 10876: 10871: 10869: 10864: 10863: 10860: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10837: 10836: 10833: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10747:Namaste Tower 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10651: 10644: 10640: 10626: 10623: 10622: 10620: 10618:South America 10616: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10587:North America 10585: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10545: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10493:Ningbo Center 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10454: 10451: 10447: 10443: 10436: 10432: 10415: 10414: 10411: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10391:Australia 108 10389: 10388: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10371: 10367: 10353: 10350: 10349: 10347: 10343: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10331:Neva Towers 2 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10321:Lakhta Center 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10297: 10291: 10288: 10287: 10285: 10281: 10277: 10270: 10266: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10237: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10215:Ocean Heights 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10170:Etihad Towers 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10104: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10084: 10082: 10078: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10063: 10061: 10057: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10021: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9995: 9989: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9979: 9973: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9963: 9957: 9956:Telekom Tower 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9927: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9906: 9900: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9890: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9878:Abeno Harukas 9876: 9875: 9873: 9869: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9842:Central Plaza 9840: 9838: 9835: 9834: 9832: 9828: 9824: 9817: 9813: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9631:United States 9629: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9613: 9607: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9597: 9593: 9586: 9582: 9568: 9565: 9564: 9562: 9558: 9554: 9547: 9543: 9539: 9532: 9528: 9523: 9516: 9511: 9509: 9504: 9502: 9497: 9496: 9493: 9476: 9466: 9456: 9446: 9439: 9434: 9428: 9421: 9416: 9410: 9401: 9394: 9389: 9382: 9377: 9370: 9365: 9358: 9353: 9346: 9345:Decker Towers 9341: 9334: 9329: 9322: 9317: 9310: 9305: 9298: 9293: 9286: 9281: 9274: 9269: 9262: 9257: 9250: 9245: 9238: 9233: 9226: 9221: 9214: 9209: 9202: 9197: 9190: 9185: 9178: 9173: 9166: 9161: 9154: 9149: 9142: 9137: 9130: 9125: 9118: 9113: 9106: 9101: 9094: 9089: 9082: 9077: 9070: 9065: 9058: 9053: 9046: 9041: 9034: 9029: 9022: 9017: 9010: 9005: 8998: 8993: 8986: 8981: 8974: 8969: 8962: 8957: 8950: 8945: 8935: 8928: 8923: 8916: 8911: 8904: 8899: 8892: 8887: 8880: 8875: 8868: 8863: 8856: 8855:Simmons Tower 8851: 8844: 8839: 8832: 8827: 8820: 8815: 8807: 8803: 8796: 8791: 8789: 8784: 8782: 8777: 8776: 8773: 8761: 8753: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8742: 8739: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8680: 8679: 8676: 8672: 8669: 8668: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8661:Neighborhoods 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8645: 8642: 8641: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8614: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8559: 8556: 8555: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8525: 8522: 8518: 8511: 8506: 8504: 8499: 8497: 8492: 8491: 8488: 8480: 8475:1973–present 8473: 8471:1,450 ft 8468: 8461: 8455: 8450: 8441: 8439:1,450 ft 8436: 8431: 8427: 8418: 8416:1,450 ft 8410: 8406: 8397: 8389: 8384: 8382:1,450 ft 8376: 8372: 8363: 8361:1,450 ft 8358: 8350: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8333: 8328: 8325: 8321: 8315: 8307: 8306: 8301: 8297: 8294: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8271: 8261: 8255: 8251: 8250: 8244: 8240: 8234: 8230: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8202: 8195: 8179: 8175: 8169: 8153: 8152:The A.V. Club 8149: 8143: 8132:September 14, 8128: 8124: 8117: 8101: 8097: 8091: 8080:September 14, 8075: 8071: 8065: 8049: 8043: 8027: 8021: 8005: 7999: 7983: 7977: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7946: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7915: 7899: 7895: 7891: 7884: 7868: 7862: 7854: 7850: 7843: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7812: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7782: 7767: 7766:ABC 7 Chicago 7763: 7756: 7745:September 14, 7740: 7734: 7718: 7714: 7708: 7692: 7688: 7682: 7667: 7663: 7657: 7641: 7637: 7631: 7615: 7611: 7605: 7598: 7593: 7585: 7579: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7549: 7542: 7537: 7535: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7496: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7481:. p. 1. 7480: 7479: 7471: 7455: 7448: 7432: 7425: 7408: 7404: 7398: 7391: 7387: 7382: 7366: 7362: 7356: 7341: 7337: 7330: 7315: 7311: 7304: 7288: 7281: 7265: 7264:ABC7 New York 7261: 7255: 7240: 7236: 7229: 7227: 7211: 7210:Eater Chicago 7207: 7200: 7198: 7181: 7175: 7160: 7156: 7149: 7133: 7129: 7122: 7120: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7071: 7067: 7061: 7045: 7041: 7034: 7018: 7014: 7007: 6992: 6988: 6981: 6966: 6962: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6935: 6931: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6902: 6901:Chicago YIMBY 6898: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6808: 6803: 6801: 6784: 6780: 6774: 6758: 6754: 6748: 6732: 6728: 6723: 6716: 6708: 6706:9780309034821 6702: 6698: 6697: 6689: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6671:3-927258-60-1 6667: 6663: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6640:September 14, 6635: 6631: 6627: 6626:"Sears Tower" 6621: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6568: 6564: 6558: 6551: 6546: 6538: 6532: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6495:September 12, 6490: 6484: 6473:September 12, 6468: 6462: 6451:September 12, 6446: 6440: 6429:September 12, 6424: 6418: 6407:September 12, 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6384: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6335: 6331: 6324: 6308: 6304: 6298: 6287:September 12, 6282: 6278: 6272: 6261:September 12, 6257: 6253: 6246: 6235:September 12, 6231: 6227: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6210: 6199:September 12, 6194: 6190: 6184: 6169: 6168:Eater Chicago 6165: 6158: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6117: 6113: 6106: 6091: 6090:Eater Chicago 6087: 6080: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6039: 6035: 6028: 6026: 6009: 6005: 5999: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5958: 5954: 5947: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5906: 5902: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5875: 5871: 5864: 5862: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5809: 5805: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5771: 5767: 5761: 5746: 5742: 5736: 5721: 5717: 5710: 5694: 5690: 5684: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5621:September 12, 5616: 5612: 5606: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5559:September 12, 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5536: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5483: 5472:September 12, 5467: 5463: 5459: 5452: 5437: 5433: 5426: 5410: 5406: 5400: 5389:September 12, 5384: 5380: 5376: 5370: 5359:September 12, 5354: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5325: 5321: 5314: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5277:September 12, 5272: 5268: 5262: 5251:September 12, 5246: 5242: 5236: 5228: 5227: 5222: 5215: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5178:September 12, 5173: 5169: 5163: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5110: 5106: 5099: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5054:. p. 135 5053: 5049: 5042: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5012: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4956: 4941:. p. 321 4940: 4936: 4929: 4913: 4909: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4837: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4805: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4766:September 12, 4762: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4736:September 12, 4731: 4727: 4721: 4710:September 12, 4705: 4701: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4649: 4647: 4635:September 12, 4630: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4594: 4583:September 12, 4578: 4574: 4568: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4512: 4501:September 12, 4497: 4493: 4487: 4476:September 12, 4471: 4467: 4460: 4458: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4424: 4408: 4404: 4397: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4374: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4313: 4305: 4300: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4277: 4261: 4257: 4251: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4125: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4102: 4086: 4082: 4076: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4051: 4043: 4035: 4031: 4028:. p. 1. 4027: 4020: 4018: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3909: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3867: 3863: 3856: 3841:. p. 132 3840: 3836: 3829: 3827: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3705: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3637:. p. 185 3636: 3632: 3625: 3623: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3597: 3581:. p. 414 3580: 3576: 3569: 3553: 3549: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3440: 3425:. p. 163 3424: 3420: 3413: 3411: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3387: 3385: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3276:. p. 1. 3275: 3274: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3243: 3239: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3168: 3166: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3114:. p. 1. 3113: 3112: 3104: 3102: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3078: 3076: 3059: 3055: 3049: 3047: 3039: 3034: 3032: 3020:September 12, 3015: 3011: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2982: 2978: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2941: 2933: 2926: 2925: 2920: 2913: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2881: 2876: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2787: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2737: 2736: 2729: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2660: 2656: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2599: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2556: 2552: 2546: 2531: 2524: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2504: 2488: 2484: 2477: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2420: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2340: 2335: 2332: 2321: 2318: 2307: 2247: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2238: 2233: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2222: 2216: 2214: 2213: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2201: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1965: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1881: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1710: 1701: 1699: 1696:noted in the 1695: 1690: 1688: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1651: 1642: 1636:Naming rights 1633: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1576: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1460: 1454: 1447: 1444: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1422:Lake Michigan 1413: 1405: 1396: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1372: 1364: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1339: 1337: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1318: 1312: 1310: 1299: 1297: 1292: 1286: 1284: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1202: 1197: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1162: 1158: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1104:Deutsche Bank 1101: 1097: 1096:Goldman Sachs 1092: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1072: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1046:naming rights 1042: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1011:Lloyd Goldman 1008: 1004: 994: 992: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 958: 956: 952: 948: 944: 938: 935: 931: 927: 917: 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 889: 886:sculpture by 885: 881: 880:Schiff Hardin 877: 873: 872:Goldman Sachs 868: 866: 862: 847: 841: 840: 835: 830: 828: 823: 819: 815: 805: 803: 799: 795: 789: 787: 783: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 757: 755: 750: 748: 743: 732: 729: 725: 721: 716: 714: 710: 700: 686: 683: 678: 674: 669: 664: 661: 657: 653: 648: 644: 642: 638: 627: 625: 619: 617: 612: 608: 603: 601: 596: 593:had occupied 592: 573: 571: 567: 566:Seyfarth Shaw 563: 562:Schiff Hardin 559: 555: 551: 546: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 502:and engineer 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 461: 455: 447: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 422: 418: 415: 412: 408: 404: 400: 397: 393: 390: 386: 382: 379: 375: 370: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 308:Architectural 306: 301: 298: 295: 291: 277: 273: 259: 255: 241: 237: 233: 229: 226: 222: 216: 213: 211: 210:Seyfarth Shaw 208: 206: 205:Schiff Hardin 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 192: 190: 186: 181: 153: 151: 147: 144:United States 141: 137: 133: 129: 126: 125:International 123: 119: 115: 111: 105: 101: 96: 93: 90: 86: 83: 80: 76: 71: 68:Record height 66: 62: 58: 54: 50:in April 2019 49: 48:Lake Michigan 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 12941: 12714:Adams/Wabash 12546:universities 12544:Colleges and 12509:Primary and 12492:Willis Tower 12491: 12385:Chicago Loop 12289:Willis Tower 12288: 11916: 11876:Glenn Tilton 11752:New York Air 11635: 11604:Architecture 11436:The Pinnacle 11426:The Heritage 11401:The Shoreham 11381:Regents Park 11273: 11264:Mather Tower 11256: 11232:Legacy Tower 11199: 11190:Harbor Point 11137: 10961:55 East Erie 10936:Willis Tower 10935: 10732:Lamar Towers 10727:Jeddah Tower 10569:Thamrin Nine 10554:Legacy Tower 10503:Shandong IFC 10483:Haikou Tower 10200:The Landmark 10175:Gevora Hotel 10145:Burj Khalifa 10140:Burj Al Arab 10066:85 Sky Tower 9997:Saudi Arabia 9988:Aspire Tower 9920:Arraya Tower 9788:Willis Tower 9787: 9567:Iconic Tower 9427:Territories: 9426: 9408: 8961:Willis Tower 8960: 8891:City Place I 8570:Demographics 8528:Architecture 8478: 8465: 8433: 8412: 8405:Burj Khalifa 8391: 8378: 8355: 8330: 8327:Willis Tower 8303: 8289:Willis Tower 8248: 8227: 8205:. Retrieved 8194: 8184:September 3, 8182:. Retrieved 8177: 8168: 8158:September 3, 8156:. Retrieved 8151: 8142: 8130:. Retrieved 8126: 8116: 8104:. Retrieved 8100:the original 8090: 8078:. Retrieved 8074:the original 8064: 8054:September 7, 8052:. Retrieved 8042: 8032:September 7, 8030:. Retrieved 8020: 8010:September 7, 8008:. Retrieved 7998: 7988:September 7, 7986:. Retrieved 7976: 7964:. Retrieved 7960:the original 7955: 7945: 7933:. Retrieved 7929:the original 7924: 7914: 7902:. Retrieved 7898:the original 7893: 7883: 7871:. Retrieved 7861: 7852: 7842: 7830:. Retrieved 7826:the original 7821: 7811: 7799:. Retrieved 7795:the original 7790: 7781: 7769:. Retrieved 7765: 7755: 7743:. Retrieved 7733: 7721:. Retrieved 7716: 7707: 7695:. Retrieved 7691:the original 7681: 7669:. Retrieved 7665: 7656: 7646:November 30, 7644:. Retrieved 7640:the original 7630: 7618:. Retrieved 7614:the original 7604: 7592: 7578: 7566:. Retrieved 7562:the original 7557: 7548: 7521:. 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