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1942:
29:
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414:, where it remains in operation today. Most of the old Skunk Works buildings in Burbank were demolished in the late 1990s to make room for parking lots. One main building still remains at 2777 Ontario Street in Burbank (near San Fernando Road), now used as an office building for digital film post-production and sound mixing. During the late 1990s when designing Pixar's building,
168:
prove to be a common practice within the Skunk Works. Many times a customer would come to the Skunk Works with a request and on a handshake the project would begin, with no contracts in place, no official submittal process. Kelly
Johnson and his Skunk Works team designed and built the XP-80 in only 143 days, seven fewer than was required.
731:", the pungent smell of the cannabis flower). Lockheed Martin claimed the company registered the domain in order to disrupt its business and that consumer confusion might result. The respondent company argued that Lockheed "used its size, resources and financial position to employ 'bullyboy' tactics against... a very small company."
193:. Kelly Johnson set them apart from the rest of the factory in a walled-off section of one building, off limits to all but those involved directly. Secretly, a number of advanced features were being incorporated into the new fighter including a significant structural revolution in which the aluminum skin of the aircraft was
680:
In mid-1939 when
Lockheed was expanding rapidly, the YP-38 project was moved a few blocks away to the newly purchased 3G Distillery, also known as Three G or GGG Distillery. Lockheed took over the building but the sour smell of bourbon mash lingered, partly because the group of buildings continued to
158:
The Air
Tactical Service Command (ATSC) of the Army Air Force met with Lockheed Aircraft Corporation to express its need for a jet fighter. A rapidly growing German jet threat gave Lockheed an opportunity to develop an airframe around the most powerful jet engine that the allied forces had access to,
714:
At the request of the comic strip copyright holders, Lockheed changed the name of the advanced development company to "Skunk Works" in the 1960s. The name "Skunk Works" and the skunk design are now registered trademarks of the
Lockheed Martin Corporation. The company also holds several registrations
228:
system to extend range for the fighter, and they completed the initial research and development without a contract. When the Army Air Forces officially asked for a range extension solution it was ready. The range modifications were performed in
Lockheed's Building 304, starting with 100 P-38F models
710:
was trying to reach the
Lockheed management for the P-80 project, the call was accidentally transferred to Culver’s desk. Culver answered the phone in his trademark fashion of the time, by picking up the phone and stating "Skonk Works, inside man Culver". "What?" replied the voice at the other end.
167:
proposal to the ATSC. Two days later the go-ahead was given to
Lockheed to start development and the Skunk Works was born, with Kelly Johnson at the helm. The formal contract for the XP-80 did not arrive at Lockheed until October 16, 1943; some four months after work had already begun. This would
220:
was brewed from skunks, old shoes, kerosene, anvils, and other strange ingredients. When the name leaked out, Lockheed ordered it changed to "Skunk Works" to avoid potential legal trouble over use of a copyrighted term. The term rapidly circulated throughout the aerospace community, and became a
200:
As a result, the XP-38 was the first 400-mph fighter in the world. The
Lightning team was temporarily moved to the 3G Distillery, a smelly former bourbon works where the first YP-38 (constructor's number 2202) was built. Moving from the distillery to a larger building, the stench from a nearby
734:
In
Australia, the trademark for use of the name "Skunkworks" is held by Perth-based television accessory manufacturer The Novita Group Pty Ltd. Lockheed Martin formally registered opposition to the application in 2006, however the Australian government's intellectual property authority,
163:. Lockheed was chosen to develop the jet because of its past interest in jet development and its previous contracts with the Air Force. One month after the ATSC and Lockheed meeting, the young engineer Clarence L. “Kelly” Johnson and other associate engineers hand delivered the initial
834:
At that time, Lockheed did not as yet have a formal engineering building, and so
Johnson and his staff improvised a development plant using unoccupied corners in hangars and an old distillery. The results of this 'skunk works' approach was the legendary P-38
711:"Skonk Works", Culver repeated. The name stuck. Culver later said at an interview conducted in 1993 that "when Kelly Johnson heard about the incident, he promptly fired me. It didn’t really matter, since he was firing me about twice a day anyways."
339:. This drone was launched from the back of a specially modified A-12, known as M-21, of which there were two built. After a fatal mid-air collision on the fourth launch, the drones were re-built as D-21Bs, and launched with a rocket booster from
115:
or "skunkworks" is now widely used in business, engineering, and technical fields to describe a group within an organization given a high degree of autonomy and unhampered by bureaucracy, with the task of working on advanced or secret projects.
669:. According to the strip, scores of locals were done in yearly by the toxic fumes of the concentrated "skonk oil", which was brewed and barreled daily by "Big Barnsmell" (known as the lonely "inside man" at the Skonk Works), by grinding dead
172:
Warren M. Bodie, journalist, historian, and Skunk Works engineer from 1977 to 1984, wrote that engineering independence, elitism and secrecy of the Skunk Works variety were demonstrated earlier when Lockheed was asked by Lieutenant
343:. Four operational missions were conducted over China, but the camera packages were never successfully recovered. Kelly Johnson headed the Skunk Works until 1975. He was succeeded by Ben Rich.
1469:
197:, fitted and flush-riveted, a design innovation not called for in the army's specification but one that would yield less aerodynamic drag and give greater strength with lower mass.
297:
The Skunk Works had predicted that the U-2 would have a limited operational life over the Soviet Union. The CIA agreed. In late 1959, Skunk Works received a contract to build five
706:, referred to the facility as "Skonk Works". As the development was very secret, the employees were told to be careful even with how they answered phone calls. One day, when the
356:
in Building 82 at Burbank. These scaled-down demonstrators, built in only 18 months, were a revolutionary step forward in aviation technology because of their extremely small
1597:
727:
domain name dispute resolution service against a company selling cannabis seeds and paraphernalia, which used the word "skunkworks" in its domain name (referring to "
2061:
2056:
2021:
309:
posed enormous difficulties, and the first flight did not occur until 1962. (Titanium supply was largely dominated by the Soviet Union, so the CIA used several
59:
It is responsible for a number of aircraft designs, highly classified research and development programs, and exotic aircraft platforms. Known locations include
2101:
2036:
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store barrels of aging whiskey. The first YP-38 was built there before the team moved back to Lockheed's main factory a year later. In 1964, Johnson told
661:, which was immensely popular from 1935 through the 1950s. In the comic, the “Skonk Works" was a dilapidated factory located on the remote outskirts of
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reconnaissance bombers to fill a British contract, a small group of engineers was assigned to fabricate the first prototype of what would become the
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on April 15, 1942. Some of the group of independent-minded engineers were later involved with the XP-80 project, the prototype of the
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1612:
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423:
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common nickname for research and development offices. The once informal nickname is now a registered trademark of Lockheed Martin.
2086:
2071:
1292:"Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service – DRS 04100 – Lockheed Martin Corporation vs. UK Skunkworks Ltd – Decision of Appeal Panel"
2026:
150:
has made contradictory statements, some agreeing with Rich, and others putting the origin earlier, in 1939. Here is the official
1807:
1607:
748:
1010:
Anderson, John D., Jr (1998). "Research in Supersonic Flight and the Breaking of the Sound Barrier". In Pamela E. Mack (ed.).
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360:. After a series of successful test flights beginning in 1977, the Air force awarded Skunk Works the contract to build the
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with the intention of flying over the Soviet Union and photographing sites of strategic interest. The U-2 was tested at
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He calls his development plants 'skunk works'. There have been five of them – the first, an abandoned distillery.
719:. They have filed several challenges against registrants of domain names containing variations on the term under anti-
1422:
1396:
1377:
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205:, one of the engineers, began answering the intra-Lockheed "house" phone "Skonk Works, inside man Culver speaking!"
95:
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1959:
60:
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visited a Skunkworks Building which influenced Jobs' design. In 2009, the Skunk Works was inducted into the
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plastics factory. According to Ben Rich’s memoir, an engineer jokingly showed up to work one day wearing a
247:—a problem first seriously encountered in the P-38. In 1952, she was invited to join the Skunk Works team.
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321:, a two-seater version of the A-12. This aircraft first flew in 1966 and remained in service until 1998.
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to compete with German aircraft. In July 1938, while the rest of Lockheed was busy tooling up to build
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aircraft. During September 2015 the proposed aircraft was deemed to have developed into more of a
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In 1976, the Skunk Works began production on a pair of stealth technology demonstrators for the
1707:
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406:). After 1989, Lockheed reorganized its operations and relocated the Skunk Works to Site 10 at
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female engineer, began working at Lockheed in 1942 on the mathematics of compressibility in
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In November 1941, Kelsey gave the unofficial nod to Johnson and the P-38 team to engineer a
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magazine that the bourbon distillery was the first of five Lockheed skunk works locations.
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gas mask. To comment on the smell and the secrecy the project entailed, another engineer,
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The Skunk Works name was taken from the "Skonk Oil" factory in the comic strip
2010:
1992:
1979:
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371:, the Skunk Works was located in Burbank, California, on the eastern side of
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107:
1370:
The Lockheed P-38 Lightning: The Definitive Story of Lockheed's P-38 Fighter
1927:
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1526:"Analysis: Does Skunk Works hiring binge indicate secret new programme?"
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Skunk Works Story | Aviation Revolutions, Lockheed, And Kelly Johnson
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There are conflicting observations about the birth of Skunk Works.
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The Skunk Works logo as seen on one of Lockheed Martin’s hangars.
332:
272:
209:
216:, Big Barnsmell's Skonk Works — spelled with an "o" — was where
1787:
331:, similar in design to the Blackbird, was built to overfly the
276:
1462:"Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works Celebrates Diamond Anniversary"
1106:"Lockheed Skunk Works' next-generation U-2 morphs into 'TR-X'"
1887:
674:
670:
468:
361:
111:. Derived from the Lockheed use of the term, the designation
340:
78:
in 1943. Skunk Works engineers subsequently developed the
1501:"75 years on, Lockheed's Skunk Works is still innovating"
724:
264:
1513:"Opinion: Johnson's Skunk Works legacy is in safe hands"
1080:
These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame
853:
Organizing Genius: The Secrets of Creative Collaboration
694:, Johnson's engineering team was located adjacent to a
1211:
Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir of My Years at Lockheed
313:
to acquire source material.) Several years later, the
263:
In 1955, the Skunk Works received a contract from the
1372:. Hayesville, North Carolina: Widewing Publications.
467:
A modern Skunk Works project leverages an older one:
177:(later air force brigadier general) to build for the
317:
became interested in the design, and it ordered the
294:
during a mission on May 1, 1960, while over Russia.
1389:
Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works: The Official History
279:desert, and the Flight Test Engineer in charge was
259:
Assembly line of the SR-71 Blackbird at Skunk Works
1410:
880:Kocivar, Ben (October 6, 1964). "Collier Trophy".
845:
843:
19:"Skunk works" redirects here. For other uses, see
850:Bennis, Warren; Biederman, Patricia Ward (1997).
2062:Buildings and structures in Palmdale, California
2008:
1464:(Press release). Lockheed Martin. June 17, 2003.
991:"Cherokee rocket scientist leaves heavenly gift"
16:Aerospace research facility in the United States
2057:Buildings and structures in Burbank, California
849:
840:
301:aircraft at a cost of $ 96 million. Building a
2022:Lockheed Martin-associated military facilities
2102:Science and technology in Greater Los Angeles
2037:Research and development in the United States
1552:
1297:. Nominet UK. April 23, 2007. Archived from
1077:
1036:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
824:
822:
820:
677:, for some mysterious, unspecified purpose.
283:. The first overflight took place on July 4
67:(Fort Worth, Texas), and Marietta, Georgia.
2032:Research organizations in the United States
1470:"75 Years of Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works"
1674:LM Transportation & Security Solutions
1559:
1545:
1131:"Aircraft Company Remodels Old Distillery"
875:
873:
784:"Marietta, Georgia - Where Legacies Begin"
424:International Air & Space Hall of Fame
1137:. June 25, 1939. p. V-3 – via
926:
924:
886:. Vol. 28, no. 20. p. 36.
817:
810:
808:
806:
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723:policies, and have lost a case under the
717:United States Patent and Trademark Office
2067:Military facilities in the Mojave Desert
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1009:
898:
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632:
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254:
123:
27:
2077:National Medal of Technology recipients
1523:
1498:
1405:
1163:. Turner Publishing. pp. 89, 110.
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57:Lockheed Advanced Development Projects.
2009:
1447:
1386:
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921:
832:. H. W. Wilson Co. 1969. p. 199.
801:
749:Advanced Propulsion Physics Laboratory
70:Skunk Works' history started with the
1540:
1367:
1161:Lockheed: The People Behind the Story
893:
364:stealth fighter on November 1, 1978.
128:Entrance plaza at the Skunk Works in
1955:
1477:Aviation Week & Space Technology
1339:"Skunkworks wins naming right fight"
1314:
1208:
1183:
1103:
979:
938:
936:
2017:Aerospace engineering organizations
1566:
1317:"Skunkworks wins trade name battle"
13:
1524:Trimble, Stephen (June 15, 2018).
1499:Trimble, Stephen (June 15, 2018).
1235:"How the Skunk Works got its name"
1104:Drew, James (September 14, 2015).
1013:Engineering Science to Big Science
989:Briggs, Kara (December 24, 2008).
443:Next generation optionally-manned
287:. The U-2 ceased overflights when
14:
2113:
2097:1989 establishments in California
2092:1943 establishments in California
2082:Organizations established in 1943
1432:
1078:Sprekelmeyer, Linda, ed. (2006).
933:
776:
673:and worn shoes into a smoldering
641:The term "Skunk Works" came from
560:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
373:Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport
267:to build a spyplane known as the
250:
201:plastic factory was so vile that
2052:United States government secrecy
1954:
1941:
1940:
1739:LM Space Applications Laboratory
1691:
1659:LM Global Training and Logistics
1144:
438:
428:San Diego Air & Space Museum
142:sets the origin as June 1943 in
61:United States Air Force Plant 42
2087:Think tanks established in 1943
2072:Military in Greater Los Angeles
1479:. June 14, 2018. Archived from
1417:. Little, Brown & Company.
1361:
1331:
1308:
1284:
1268:
1245:
1227:
1202:
1188:. Motorbooks Intl. p. 11.
1177:
1152:
1123:
1097:
1071:
1044:
1003:
590:Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel
98:, the latter being used in the
65:United States Air Force Plant 4
2027:Military industrial facilities
1734:Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory
1669:LM Systems Integration – Owego
1664:LM Mission Systems and Sensors
1448:Wilson, Jim (September 1999).
856:. Perseus Books. p. 117.
690:During the development of the
628:
1:
1618:LM Rotary and Mission Systems
769:
49:Advanced Development Programs
1749:Sandia National Laboratories
1613:LM Missiles and Fire Control
1315:Guan, Lilia (May 27, 2008).
1054:Afterword: The Steve We Knew
181:a high speed, high altitude
179:United States Army Air Corps
7:
904:"Skunk Works® Origin Story"
742:
605:Lockheed Martin X-59 QueSST
585:Lockheed Martin Desert Hawk
546:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor
488:Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
458:
433:
367:During the entirety of the
21:Skunkworks (disambiguation)
10:
2120:
2042:American military aviation
1082:. Donning Co. Publishers.
830:Current Biography Yearbook
575:Quiet Supersonic Transport
498:Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
119:
18:
1936:
1758:
1744:Michoud Assembly Facility
1721:
1700:
1689:
1651:
1608:LM Information Technology
1585:
1576:
1368:Bodie, Warren M. (2001).
944:"The Skunk Works® Legacy"
580:Lockheed Martin Cormorant
335:nuclear test facility in
1993:34.614734°N 118.118676°W
618:High beta fusion reactor
611:
537:Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk
533:Lockheed XST (Have Blue)
523:Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird
453:strategic reconnaissance
394:34.200768°N 118.351826°W
63:(Palmdale, California),
1051:Catmull, Edwin (2014).
570:Lockheed Martin Polecat
482:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
449:tactical reconnaissance
408:U.S. Air Force Plant 42
102:of several countries.
1998:34.614734; -118.118676
1808:Compact Fusion Reactor
1708:United Launch Alliance
1159:Cefaratt, Gil (2002).
708:Department of the Navy
665:, in the backwoods of
638:
476:
399:34.200768; -118.351826
260:
170:
132:
33:
1713:United Space Alliance
1409:; Leo, Janos (1996).
1304:on February 26, 2009.
636:
600:Lockheed Martin SR-72
508:Lockheed X-26 Frigate
466:
451:aircraft, instead of
305:3.0+ aircraft out of
258:
156:
127:
31:
1387:Miller, Jay (1995).
1264:– via YouTube.
1186:Lockheed Skunk Works
1184:Pace, Steve (1992).
1016:. NASA. p. 72.
759:Boeing Phantom Works
595:Lockheed Martin X-55
556:Lockheed Martin X-35
551:Lockheed Martin X-33
412:Palmdale, California
130:Palmdale, California
2047:History of aviation
1989: /
1450:"Skunk Works Magic"
1279:Beyond the Horizons
976:Bodie, 2001, p. 94.
967:Bodie, 2001, p. 72.
930:Bodie, 2001, p. 23.
814:Bodie, 2001, p. 51.
390: /
358:radar cross-section
289:Francis Gary Powers
154:Skunk Works story:
144:Burbank, California
55:), formerly called
1213:. Back Bay Books.
1209:Rich, Ben (1996).
1057:. Creativity Inc.
999:. NMAI Newservice.
692:P-80 Shooting Star
639:
477:
311:shell corporations
281:Joseph F. Ware, Jr
261:
231:P-80 Shooting Star
218:Kickapoo Joy Juice
175:Benjamin S. Kelsey
133:
76:P-80 Shooting Star
34:
1972:
1971:
1687:
1686:
1638:Sikorsky Aircraft
1454:Popular Mechanics
1241:on March 8, 2011.
1135:Los Angeles Times
1089:978-1-57864-397-4
245:high-speed flight
96:F-35 Lightning II
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1729:Goodyear Airdock
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1628:LM Space Systems
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1519:. June 15, 2018.
1508:
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1486:on June 15, 2018
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1443:
1441:Official website
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1275:Boyne, Walter J.
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1237:. Archived from
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74:in 1939 and the
32:Skunk Works logo
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1679:Savi Technology
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1488:. Retrieved
1481:the original
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1996: /
1984:118°07′07″W
1643:Skunk Works
1413:Skunk Works
1391:. Aerofax.
953:January 14,
764:Swamp Works
654:comic strip
629:Term origin
397: /
385:118°21′07″W
92:F-22 Raptor
37:Skunk Works
2011:Categories
1981:34°36′53″N
1813:Force Hawk
1722:Facilities
1623:LM Orincon
1577:Divisions,
1349:January 8,
835:Lightning.
770:References
704:Irv Culver
696:malodorous
658:Li’l Abner
623:Sea Shadow
420:Steve Jobs
382:34°12′03″N
273:Groom Lake
214:Li'l Abner
203:Irv Culver
108:Li'l Abner
100:air forces
1908:Sniper XR
1603:LM Canada
1407:Rich, Ben
1281:, p. 154.
1032:cite book
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651:hillbilly
647:satirical
471:atop the
353:Have Blue
226:drop tank
210:Al Capp's
138:Engineer
41:pseudonym
1948:Category
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1778:AeroText
1761:products
1751:(former)
1490:June 15,
913:July 24,
743:See also
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663:Dogpatch
459:Aircraft
434:Projects
369:Cold War
307:titanium
152:Lockheed
140:Ben Rich
1962:Commons
1873:Milstar
1863:Longbow
1843:Javelin
1586:Current
754:Area 51
643:Al Capp
426:at the
333:Lop Nur
275:in the
195:joggled
183:fighter
120:History
1858:HIMARS
1798:C-130J
1788:ATACMS
1759:Active
1652:Former
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350:named
277:Nevada
187:Hudson
161:Goblin
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1918:THAAD
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1888:Nimiq
1868:MEADS
1838:JASSM
1783:Asroc
1773:Aegis
1768:A2100
1633:LM UK
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1295:(PDF)
729:Skunk
675:still
612:Other
469:LASRE
362:F-117
341:B-52s
337:China
329:drone
165:XP-80
1913:T-50
1883:MUOS
1878:MLRS
1828:F-35
1823:F-22
1818:F-16
1492:2018
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1393:ISBN
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324:The
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