Simón Bolívar - Knowledge

85: 1611: 2318: 850: 15412: 3945:. Inspired by Montesquieu, Bolívar believed that a government should conform to the needs and character of its region and inhabitants; in the Cartagena Manifesto, Bolívar stated that federalism as practiced in the United States was the "perfect" government but was unworkable in Spanish America because, he believed, Spanish imperialism had left Spanish Americans unprepared for federalism. Bolívar sought to prepare Colombia for a more liberal democracy via free, public education. Over the 1820s, Bolívar became increasingly disillusioned and authoritarian until, in 1830, he declared to Flores, "all who have served the Revolution have plowed the sea." 1793: 13353: 15919: 1884:", Bolívar first established a provisional government in Bogotá with Santander, and then left to resume campaigning against the Royalists in Venezuela on 20 September 1819. En route, he learned that Zea had been replaced as vice president in September 1819 by Arismendi, who was conspiring with Mariño against Urdaneta and Bermúdez. Bolívar arrived in Angostura on 11 December and, by being conciliatory, defused the plot. He then proposed the merging of New Granada and Venezuela to the congress on 14 December, which was approved. On 17 December, the congress issued a decree creating the Republic of 2420: 360: 1965:. All Royalist forces remaining in Venezuela were eliminated by August 1823. Bolívar entered Caracas in triumph on 29 June, and issued a decree on 16 July dividing Venezuela into three military zones governed by Páez, Bermúdez, and Mariño. Bolívar then met with the Congress of Cúcuta, which had ratified the formation of Gran Colombia and elected him as president and Santander as vice president in September. Bolívar accepted and was sworn in on 3 October, although he protested the establishment of a precedent of military leaders as head of the Colombian state. 4206: 1350:

Guaira on 6 July. Believing the republic to be doomed, Miranda decided to capitulate, shocking Bolívar and other Republican officers. After formally surrendering his command to Monteverde on 25 July, Miranda made his way to La Guaira, where a group of officers including Bolívar arrested Miranda on 30 July on charges of treason against the republic. La Guaira declared for the Royalists the next day and closed its port on Monteverde's orders. Miranda was taken into Spanish custody and moved to a prison in Cádiz, where he died on 16 July 1816.

1029: 1478: 2173: 774: 1219:, a political organization advocating for independence from Spain, Bolívar and Miranda campaigned for and secured the latter's election to the congress. The congress first met on 2 March 1811 and declared its allegiance to Ferdinand VII. After it was discovered that one of the men leading the congress was a Spanish agent who had escaped with military documents, however, discourse – which Bolívar was prominent in – changed decidedly in favor of independence over 3 and 4 July. Finally, on 5 July, the congress 2341:, a Bolívar loyalist and the governor of New Granada, called a meeting of the city's elite that denounced the Convention of Ocaña and called on Bolívar to assume absolute power in Colombia. Bolívar returned to Bogotá on 24 June and on 27 August assumed supreme power as the "president-liberator" of Colombia, abolished the office of the vice president, and assigned Santander to a diplomatic posting in Washington, D.C. On 25 September 1828, a group of young liberals that included Santander's secretary made 2025: 1180:. Subsequent meetings produced no recognition or concrete support from Britain. Finding that he had many shared beliefs with Miranda, however, Bolívar convinced him to come back to Venezuela. On 22 September 1810, Bolívar left for Venezuela while López and Bello remained in London as diplomats, and arrived in La Guaira on 5 December. Although the British government wanted Miranda to remain in Britain, they could not prevent his departure, and he arrived in Venezuela later in December. 2281:

sentences. As he approached Bogotá, Bolívar was met by Santander, who hoped to persuade Bolívar to his cause in the conflict with Páez. Although Santander was annoyed at Bolívar for his desire to return to power and ratify a version of the Bolivian constitution in Colombia, they reconciled and agreed that Bolívar would resume the presidency of Colombia; congress had reelected them to a second four-year term beginning on 2 January 1827. Bolívar arrived in Bogotá on 14 November 1826.

3852: 14836: 15955: 14819: 1189: 15883: 15895: 15871: 16017: 15931: 14846: 16000: 15943: 1512:, a Venezuelan Republican who had fought Monteverde in the east throughout 1813 and was unwilling to subordinate himself to Bolívar. Venezuela was economically devastated and could not support the republic's armies, and people of color remained disenfranchised and thus unsupportive of the republic. The republic was assailed from all sides by slave revolts and Royalist forces, especially the Legion of Hell, an army of 15983: 15907: 1430:, outlining what he believed to be the causes of the Venezuelan republic's defeat and his political program. In particular, Bolívar called for the disparate New Granadan republics to help him invade Venezuela to prevent a Royalist invasion of New Granada. Bolívar arrived on the Magdalena River on 21 December and, in spite of orders from Labatut to not act without his direction, launched 15859: 2044:, the wife of a British merchant, with whom he began a lasting affair. From Quito, Bolívar traveled to Guayaquil in anticipation of a meeting with San Martín to discuss the city's status and to rally support for its annexation by Colombia. When San Martín arrived in Guayaquil on 26 July, Bolívar had already secured Guayaquil for Colombia, and the two-day 802:, on the northern coast of Spain, in May 1799. A little over a week later, he arrived in Madrid and joined Esteban, who found Bolívar to be "very ignorant." Esteban asked Gerónimo Enrique de Uztáriz y Tovar, a Caracas native and government official, to educate Bolívar. Bolívar moved into Uztáriz's residence in February 1800 and was educated in the 2432:

July, Bolívar was informed that Sucre had been assassinated near Pasto while en route to Quito, and wrote to Flores to ask him to avenge Sucre. In September, Urdaneta installed a conservative government in Bogotá and asked Bolívar to return, but he refused. With his health deteriorating and no ship forthcoming, Bolívar was moved by his staff to

1961:, he learned that Royalist-controlled Maracaibo had defected to Colombia and been occupied by Urdaneta. La Torre protested to Bolívar, who refused to return Maracaibo, leading to a renewal of hostilities on 28 April. Over May and June, Colombia's armies made rapid progress until, on 24 June, Bolívar and Páez decisively defeated La Torre at the 1083:, Bolívar returned to Philadelphia and sailed for Venezuela, where he arrived in June 1807. He began to meet with other creole elites to discuss independence from Spain. Finding himself to be far more radical than the rest of Caracas high society, however, Bolívar occupied himself with a property dispute with a neighbor, 1380:. Bolívar and Casa León convinced Francisco Iturbe, a friend of the Bolívar family and of Monteverde, to intercede on Bolívar's behalf and secure escape from Venezuela for him. Iturbe persuaded Monteverde to issue Bolívar a passport for his role in Miranda's arrest, and on 27 August he sailed for the island of 1466:, ordering the death of all Spaniards in South America not actively aiding his forces. Within six months, Bolívar pushed all the way to Caracas, which he entered on 6 August, and then drove Monteverde out of Venezuela in October. Bolívar returned to Caracas on 14 October and was named "The Liberator" ( 2431:

Determined to go into exile, Bolívar, who had given away or lost his fortune over his career, sold most of his remaining possessions and departed from Bogotá on 8 May 1830. He traveled down the Magdalena to Cartagena, where he arrived by the end of June to wait for a ship to take him to England. On 1

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in early 1828 to modify the Colombian constitution. The elections for this congress were held in November 1827 and, as Bolívar declined to campaign because he did not wish to be perceived as personally influencing the elections, were very favorable to his political opponents. In January 1828, Bolívar

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On 25 November, Bolívar left Bogotá with an army supplied by Santander and arrived at Puerto Cabello on 31 December, where he issued a general amnesty to Páez and his allies if they submitted to his authority. Páez accepted and in January 1827, Bolívar confirmed Páez's military authority in Venezuela

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On 24 October, Bolívar received a letter from Santander informing him that because he had accepted the dictatorship of Peru the Colombian congress had stripped him of his military and civil authority in favor of Sucre and Santander, respectively. Although indignant and resentful of Santander, Bolívar

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Even with their combined forces, however, Bolívar, Mariño, and Bermúdez could not hold Barcelona. Instead, on 25 March 1817, Bolívar began moving south to join Piar in Guayana, Piar's power base, and establish his own economic and political base there. Bolívar met Piar on 4 April, promoted him to the

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celebrating his return and the amnesty. That amnesty, and clashes over Santander's handling of Colombia's finances, caused a break between Bolívar and Santander that became an open enmity in 1827. In February 1827, Bolívar submitted his resignation from the Presidency of Colombia, which its congress

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in March. News of the mutiny and its consequences arrived in Colombia in March and was followed by orders from Spain to Morillo to publicize the constitution and negotiate a peace that would return Colombia to the Spanish Empire. Bolívar and Morillo, seeking to gain leverage over each other, delayed

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Day, 1819, Bolívar left Angostura to direct campaigns against Royalist forces along the Caribbean coasts of Venezuela and New Granada. He met with Santander in Bogotá in March 1820, then rode to Cúcuta and inspected Republican forces in northern Colombia over April and May 1820. Meanwhile, Morillo's

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Bolívar returned to Haiti by early September, where Pétion again agreed to assist him. In his absence, the Republican leaders scattered across Venezuela, concentrating in the Llanos, and became disunited warlords. Unwilling to recognize Mariño's leadership, Arismendi wrote to Bolívar and dispatched

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In early 1825, Bolívar resigned from his offices in Colombia and Peru, but neither nation's congress accepted his resignation; on 10 February 1825, the Peruvian congress extended his dictatorship for another year. Accepting the extension, Bolívar settled into governing Peru and passing reforms that

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on 13 August. As a condition of assuming command of the Republican forces, Miranda had Bolívar stripped of his command of a militia unit. Bolívar nonetheless fought in the Valencia campaign as part of del Toro's militia and was selected by Miranda to bring news of its recapture to Caracas, where he

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Throughout his political career, Bolívar concerned himself with the construction of liberal democracy in Latin America and the region's place in the Atlantic world. By the 1820s, his goal was to create a federation of Latin American republics in Spanish America, each governed by a strong executive

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on 20 December 1830. In 1842, Páez secured the repatriation of Bolívar's remains, which were paraded through Caracas and then laid to rest in its cathedral in December together with his wife and parents; Bolívar's heart remained in Santa Marta. His remains were moved again in October 1876 into the

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on 16 March. He escaped assassination by Spanish infiltrators in April. Illness and additional Republican defeats obliged Bolívar to return to Angostura in May. For the rest of the year, he focused on administering the republic, rebuilding its armed forces, and organizing elections for a national

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Initial historical evaluations of Bolívar were at first negative, consisting of criticism of his conduct of the war, execution of Piar, betrayal of Miranda, and authoritarianism. These and other criticisms endure in studies of Bolívar. Beginning in 1842, however, popular opinion about Bolívar in

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Bolívar arrived at Puerto Cabello on 4 May 1812. On 30 June, an officer of the fort's garrison loyal to the Royalists released its prisoners, armed them, and turned its cannons on Puerto Cabello. Weakened by shelling, defections, and lack of supplies, Bolívar and his remaining troops fled for La

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Bolívar is the preeminent symbol of Latin America and the focus of what could seem almost unrivaled posthumous attention, seen from his own times forward as a force now for liberalism or other forms of modernity, now for old regime values and authoritarianism, now for a mix of the two, with the

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devastated Republican Venezuela; Caracas itself was almost totally destroyed. Bolívar, who was still near Caracas, rushed into the city to participate in the rescue of survivors and exhumation of the dead. The earthquake destroyed public support for the republic, as it was believed to have been

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Bolívar arrived in Spain in December 1803, then traveled to Madrid to console his father-in-law. In March 1804, the municipal authorities of Madrid ordered all non-residents in the city to leave to alleviate a bread shortage brought about by Spain's resumed hostilities with Britain. Over April,

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whom he viewed as both a motherly and fatherly figure. On 6 July 1792, María de la Concepción also died of tuberculosis. Believing that his family would inherit the Bolívars' wealth, Feliciano Palacios arranged marriages for María Antonia and Juana and, before dying on 5 December 1793, assigned

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In the aftermath of the attempted coup, Santander and the conspirators were arrested. Bolívar, depressed and ill, considered resigning from politics and pardoning the conspirators, but was dissuaded from this by his officers. Padilla, though uninvolved with the attempted coup, was executed for

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Bolívar arrived in Guayaquil on 13 September 1826 and heard complaints against Santander's governance from the people of Guayaquil and Quito, who declared him their dictator. From Ecuador, he continued north and heard more complaints, promoted civil and military officers, and commuted prison

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Styled as Liberator President of the Republic of Colombia, Liberator of Peru, and Charged with the Supreme Command of it. The term "president" was not in common use at the time of Bolívar's designation. Whether this then makes Bolívar not the first president is a minor source of academic

1626:, on 14 May 1815 and, as in his earlier exile on Curaçao, ruminated on the fall of the Venezuelan and New Granadan republics. He wrote extensively, requesting assistance from Britain and corresponding with merchants based in the Caribbean. This culminated in September 1815 with the 1877:. On 10 August, Bolívar entered Bogotá, which the Spanish officials had hastily abandoned, and captured the viceregal treasury and armories. After sending forces to secure Republican control of central New Granada, Bolívar paraded through Bogotá on 18 September with Santander. 2094:

In November 1823, Riva Agüero, who plotted with the Royalists against Bolívar, was betrayed by his officers to Bolívar and exiled from Peru. While Bolívar was bedridden with fever over the first two months of 1824, Tagle defected to the Royalists with the garrison and city of

724:. In June 1795, Bolívar fled his uncle's custody for the house of his sister María Antonia and her husband. The couple sought formal recognition of his change of residence, but the Real Audiencia decided the matter in favor of Palacios, who sent Simón to live with Rodríguez. 1718:) on 2 May. Meanwhile, Mariño went east to reestablish his power base and on 8 May convened a congress of ten men, including Brión and Zea, that named Mariño as supreme commander of the Republican forces. This backfired and provoked the defection of 30 officers, including 2099:

and briefly took Lima. In response, the Peruvian congress named Bolívar dictator of Peru on 10 February 1824. Bolívar moved to northern Peru in March and began assembling an army. His repeated demands for additional men and money strained his relationship with Santander.

2396:. In November, Bolívar ordered the council to cease its planning; instead they resigned. Venezuelans, encouraged by a circular letter Bolívar had published in October, voted to secede from Colombia. On 15 January 1830, Bolívar arrived in Bogotá and on 20 January the 2070:

asked Bolívar several times in 1823 to assume command of their forces. Bolívar responded by sending an army under Sucre to assist, then delayed his own departure to Peru until he obtained permission from the Colombian congress on 3 August. When Bolívar arrived in

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and Peru, and Bolívar feared San Martín would absorb Ecuador into Peru. In October 1821, after congress empowered him to secure Ecuador for Colombia, Bolívar assembled an army in Bogotá that departed on 13 December 1821. His advance was halted by illness and a

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as Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios on 30 July. The first of Bolívar's family to have emigrated to the Americas was a similarly named minor Spanish governmental official named Simón de Bolívar, who had been a notary in the Spanish

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In his final years, Bolívar became increasingly disillusioned with the South American republics, and distanced from them because of his centralist ideology. He was successively removed from his offices until he resigned the presidency of Colombia and died of

3929:. The tutelage of Simón Rodríguez, a student of Rousseau, has been traditionally seen as foundational for Bolívar's beliefs. Also important to Bolívar's intellectual development were his stays in Paris from 1804 to 1806 and in London in 1810. Bolívar was an 727:

After two months there, the Real Audiencia directed that he be returned to the Palacios family home. Bolívar promised the Real Audiencia that he would focus on his education and was subsequently taught full-time by Rodríguez and the Venezuelan intellectuals

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From Potosí, Bolívar traveled to Chuquisaca and appointed Sucre to govern Bolivia on 29 December 1825; he departed for Peru on 1 January 1826. Bolívar arrived in Lima on 10 February and dispatched his draft of the Bolivian constitution to Sucre on 12 May.

3981:. He has been memorialized across the world in literature, public monuments, and historiography, and paid tribute to in the names of towns, cities, provinces, and other people. The Quinta near Santa Marta has been preserved as a museum to Bolívar and 590:, and who had later arrived in Venezuela in the 1580s. The earlier Simón de Bolívar's descendants had served in the colonial bureaucracy and had married into various wealthy Caracas families over the years. By the time Simón Bolívar was born, the 2302:

was joined in Bogotá by Sáenz, but on 16 March 1828 he left the capital after being informed of a Spanish-backed rebellion in Venezuela. As that revolt was crushed before he arrived, Bolívar turned his attention to the occupation of Cartagena by

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Over the rest of 1822, Bolívar traveled around Ecuador to complete its annexation while dispatching officers to suppress repeated rebellions in Pasto and resisting calls to return to Bogotá or Venezuela. Meanwhile, Royalist forces under general

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The three delegates first met Miranda at his London residence, despite instructions from the Supreme Junta to avoid him, and thereafter received the benefit of his connections and consultation. On 16 July 1810, the Venezuelan delegation met the

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throughout Latin America; the nations of Bolivia and Venezuela (as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela) are named after him, and he has been memorialized all over the world in the form of public art or street names and in popular culture.

1141:, Bolívar and his brother returned to the city and offered their services to the Supreme Junta as diplomats. In May 1810, Juan Vicente was sent to the United States to buy weapons, while Simón secured a place in a diplomatic mission to 877:, one of his generals and biographers, that he swore to never remarry. By July 1803, Bolívar had decided to leave Venezuela for Europe. He entrusted his estates to an agent and his brother and in October boarded a ship bound for Cádiz. 14481: 14468: 1657:

Returning to Les Cayes, Bolívar held a conference with the Republican leaders in Haiti and was made supreme leader with Mariño as his chief of staff. The Republicans departed Les Cayes for Venezuela on 31 March 1816 and followed the

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was beginning in the Llanos, Bolívar met with his officers and revealed his intention to invade and liberate New Granada from Royalist occupation, which he had prepared for by sending Santander to build up Republican forces in

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and racial equality, and relinquished civil authority to the congress. On 16 February, the congress elected Bolívar as president and Zea as vice president. On 27 February, Bolívar left Angostura to rejoin Páez in the west and

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in 1819. Bolívar and his allies defeated the Spanish in New Granada in 1819, Venezuela and Panama in 1821, Ecuador in 1822, Peru in 1824, and Bolivia in 1825. Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, and Panama were merged into the

1297:... I climbed over the ruins and entered, and I immediately saw about forty persons dead or dying under the rubble. I climbed out again and I shall never forget that moment. On the top of the ruins I found Don Simón Bolívar 1117:, the Captain-General of Venezuela, and were arrested. Bolívar, though he did not sign the petition and thus was not arrested, was warned to cease hosting or attending seditious meetings. In May 1809, Casas was replaced by 2481:

set up a commission to investigate his claim that Bolívar had been poisoned by "New Granada traitors." The commission exhumed Bolívar's remains on 16 July 2010. The results, made public on 26 July 2011, were inconclusive;

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In early March 1813, Bolívar set up his headquarters in Cúcuta and sent José Félix Ribas to request permission to invade Venezuela. Though rewarded with honorary citizenship in New Granada and a promotion to the rank of

2365:. He left behind a council of ministers led by Urdaneta to govern Colombia and announced that a congress would convene in January 1830 to devise a new constitution. Over 1829, Obando was defeated by Colombian general 1132:

for Ferdinand VII. This news, and two delegates that included Carlos de Montúfar, arrived in Venezuela on 17 April 1810. Two days later, the creoles succeeded in deposing and then expelling Emparán, and created the

1553:, declared Bolívar and Mariño to be traitors and forced them to return to the mainland. There, Ribas also accused Bolívar and Mariño of treachery, confiscated the treasure, and then exiled the two on 8 September. 12779: 571: 4231:

Biographers disagree on the exact date Miranda arrived in Venezuela in December 1810. Arana says 10 December, Lynch says 11 December, Masur and Langley say 12 December, Slatta and de Grummond say 13 December.

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for six weeks. His change of focus allowed the Royalist forces to regain control of the Magdalena. On 8 May, Bolívar made a truce with del Castillo, resigned his command, and sailed for self-exile on

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Bolívar departed Venezuela to return to Bogotá in July 1827. He arrived on 10 September with an army he had gathered at Cartagena and secured the calling of a new congress to meet at the city of

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Venezuela became overwhelmingly positive and eventually became what has been described by scholars as the "cult of Bolívar", led by succeeding heads of the Venezuelan state. In 1998, President

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by a mutual friend. Bolívar and Pétion impressed and befriended each other and, after Bolívar pledged to free every slave in the areas he occupied, Pétion gave him money and military supplies.

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in early August. Angostura became the provisional Republican capital and in September, Bolívar began creating formal political and military structures for the republic. Following a meeting at

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treason for his earlier rebellion; Santander, whom Bolívar thought responsible for the plot, was pardoned but exiled from Colombia. In December 1828, Bolívar left Bogotá to respond to Peru's

1230:. It had a weak base of support and enemies in conservative whites, disenfranchised people of color, and the already hostile Venezuelan provinces, which received troops and supplies from the 12802: 1113:, sought to form their own local government in place of the existing Spanish government. On 24 November 1808, a group of creoles presented a petition demanding an independent government to 813:, her previous favorite, returned to power. As members of Mallo's faction at court, Esteban was arrested on pretense, and Bolívar was banished from court following a public incident at the 623: 14663: 14520: 14234: 1706:

and pursued to Barcelona by a larger Royalist force. At Bolívar's request, Mariño arrived on 8 February with Bermúdez, who then reconciled with Bolívar, and forced a Royalist withdrawal.

1454:, that permission did not come until 7 May because of del Castillo's opposition to the invasion. When a limited invasion was permitted, Castillo resigned his command and was succeeded by 14442: 13878: 1569: 2448: 613: 14260: 13201: 12824: 645: 14247: 14182: 14156: 13116: 12768: 4261: 4022: 3937:

and its Royalist leanings during the wars of independence, he sought to co-opt its social capital for the benefit of the republics he established rather than dismember the Church.

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convened in the city. Bolívar submitted his resignation from the presidency, which the congress did not accept until 27 April, following the appointment of New Granadan politician

1526:. Beginning in February 1814, Boves surged out of the Llanos and overwhelmed the republic, occupying Caracas on 16 July and then destroying Mariño's powerbase on 5 December at the 1243: 560: 13023: 2234: 1989:. Pasto and Quito were Royalist strongholds, while Guayaquil had declared its independence on 9 October 1820 and had been garrisoned by Sucre on Bolívar's orders in January 1821. 1359: 14936: 14921: 14143: 2080: 882: 14494: 14221: 13042: 2244:

was ratified with modification by the Bolivian congress in July 1826. Peru, whose elites chafed at Bolívar's rule and the presence of his soldiers, was also induced to accept

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wrote to him on 10 November to communicate his acquiescence and reoccupied Lima on 5 December 1824. On 9 December, Sucre decisively defeated La Serna's Royalists at the

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on 24 May 1822, and occupied Quito. On 6 June, Pasto surrendered, and ten days later Bolívar paraded through Quito with Sucre. He also met the Ecuadorian Republican

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economic reforms and began to hold elections for representatives to a congress to be held in Caracas. It had also alienated Caracas from the Venezuelan provinces of

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Masur, Langley, and Arana state that Bolívar issued his proclamation of emancipation in early June. Slatta, de Grummond, and Lynch state that it was issued in July.

1926: 1901: 1370: 733: 14754: 3933:, and sought British aid in securing Latin American independence. The extent of Bolívar's religiosity is debated; while Bolívar resented the social capital of the 1307: 1146: 462:. In 1807, Bolívar returned to Venezuela and promoted Venezuelan independence to other wealthy creoles. When the Spanish authority in the Americas weakened due to 11486: 11364: 15574: 12839: 4262:"Ley Disponiendo Que El Ejecutivo Comunique A Bolívar La Abolición De La Constitución Vitalicia Y La Elección De Presidente De La República, 22 de Junio de 1827" 2147: 1940: 660: 11463: 16112: 747:

forced him to go into exile, and Bolívar was enrolled in an honorary militia force. When he was commissioned as an officer after a year, his uncles Carlos and

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succeed Bolívar on his death as King of Colombia. This plan was widely unpopular, and inspired Córdova to launch a revolt that was crushed in October 1829 by

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produced no agreement between Bolívar and San Martín. Ill, politically isolated, and disillusioned, San Martín resigned from his offices and went into exile.

434:) but lost both parents as a child. Bolívar was educated abroad and lived in Spain, as was common for men of upper-class families in his day. While living in 16147: 690:

As a child, Bolívar was notoriously unruly and neglected his studies. Before his mother died, he spent two years under the tutelage of the Venezuelan lawyer

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and his staff, which included Fernando Rodríguez del Toro. The creoles also resisted Emparán's government, despite his friendlier disposition towards them.

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at his request, and then issued an arrest warrant on 23 July after Piar began fomenting rebellion, alleging that Bolívar had dismissed him because of his

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in 1801, Bolívar himself left for Bilbao and remained there when the del Toros returned to the capital in August 1801. Early in 1802, Bolívar traveled to

16137: 11062: 1269: 12757: 591: 1702:, who controlled most of the western Llanos, to unite under his leadership. On 8 January 1817, Bolívar marched towards Caracas but was defeated at the 2262:. On 3 September, responding to pleas for his return to Colombia, Bolívar departed Peru and left it under a governing council led by Bolivian general 1597: 1568:, and was given command of New Granada's armies in January 1815. Bolívar next grappled with del Castillo, who had taken control of Cartagena. Bolívar 11386: 1662:

eastward. After a delay to allow a lover of Bolívar's to join the fleet, it arrived on 2 May at Margarita Island, controlled by Republican commander

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as "at once privileged and deprived." Juan Vicente died of tuberculosis on 19 January 1786, leaving María de la Concepción Palacios and her father,

15559: 12784: 2239: 1827: 576: 513:. After promising to abolish slavery in Spanish America, Bolívar received military support from Pétion and returned to Venezuela. He established a 12947: 1866: 518: 13784: 13181: 11427: 4018: 3880: 1666:. Bolívar next moved to the mainland, where he declared the emancipation of all slaves and annulled of the Decree of War to the Death. He seized 11594: 16172: 16077: 2036:

To the south, Sucre, who had been trapped in Guayaquil by Royalist advances from Quito, now advanced, decisively defeated the Royalists at the

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to face Bolívar. Heavy rainfall in September halted Bolívar's advance, and on 6 October he gave command of the army to Sucre and moved to

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that secured control of the Magdalena River from Royalist forces by 8 January 1813. In February, he joined forces with Republican colonel

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overran western Venezuela. Miranda, retreating east with a disintegrating army, ordered Bolívar to assume command of the coastal city of

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of all Royalist forces in Peru. The garrison of Callao and Olañeta ignored the surrender. Shortly after arriving in Lima, Bolívar began

2088: 16207: 16122: 16102: 15675: 10414: 10135: 4358: 4001:, who had made extensive use of Bolívar's image for government projects and initiatives, changed the official name of Venezuela to the 1561: 13374: 1694:, a Dutch merchant, and arrived ten days later at Barcelona. There, Bolívar announced his return and called for a congress for a new, 123: 15443: 1169: 10039: 3969:

Bolívar has had an immense legacy, becoming the essential personality of Latin America. The currencies of Venezuela and Bolivia—the

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and overthrow his government. The attempt was thwarted by Sáenz, who bought time for Bolívar to escape as the assassins entered the

1006:, and Humboldt again. Rome's sites and history excited Bolívar. On 18 August 1805, when he, del Toro, and Rodríguez traveled to the 84: 16127: 15604: 13255: 11528: 11014: 1239: 482: 13891: 9181: 4353: 16092: 12909: 12029: 3437: 1176:. Led by Bolívar, the Venezuelans argued in favor of Venezuelan independence, which Wellesley stated that it was intolerable for 869:

on 15 June and sailed for La Guaira, where they arrived on 12 July. They settled in Caracas, where del Toro fell ill and died of

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announced that the commission could not prove Chávez's claim. Chávez continued to claim that Bolívar had been assassinated via

1220: 628: 14286: 13843: 10882: 2453: 1630:, in which Bolívar again laid out his ideology and vision of the future of the Americas. On 9 December, the Venezuelan pirate 16087: 16067: 15609: 15466: 12931: 12609: 12577: 12527: 12504: 12481: 12364: 12287: 12261: 12229: 12206: 12179: 12149: 12126: 3588: 3528: 1734:

heritage. Piar was captured on 27 September as he fled to join Mariño and was brought to Angostura, where he was executed by

1023: 655:(born 1781), and Simón – were raised separately from each other and their mother, and, following colonial custom, by African 474: 467: 14429: 14000: 13830: 12452: 11982: 1533:

As Boves approached Caracas, Bolívar ordered the city stripped of its gold and silver, which was moved through La Guaira to

1325:

Beginning in November 1811, Royalist forces began pushing back the Republicans from the north and east. On 26 March 1812, a

16117: 16057: 13307: 13176: 13166: 9975: 4295: 3661: 2198: 11282: 11114: 10548: 9473: 8820: 8128: 5472: 3578: 2061: 1109:. This news arrived in Venezuela in July 1808. Napoleonic rule was rejected and Venezuelan creoles, though still loyal to 359: 16187: 16182: 15971: 15554: 13777: 13248: 12440: 3873: 3731: 3357: 3048: 2474: 2189:

that was managed by Simón Rodríguez. In April 1825, Bolívar began a tour of southern Peru that took him to the cities of

1541:. Bolívar then led 20,000 of its citizens east. He arrived in Barcelona on 2 August, but following another defeat at the 1208: 35: 14403: 12829: 12396:

Racine, Karen. "Simón Bolívar, Englishman: Elite Responsibility and Social Reform in Spanish American Independence". In

11354: 2349:, and the Colombian Army. Bolívar spent the night hiding under a bridge until soldiers loyal to his regime rescued him. 2329:

The convention appeared likely to adopt a federalist system. To prevent this, on 11 June 1828 Bolívar's allies staged a

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that lasted until January 1826, and sent Sucre into Upper Peru to eliminate Olañeta. However, Oleñeta was killed at the

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on 30 January 1818, Páez recognized Bolívar as supreme leader. In February 1818, the Republicans moved north and took

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on 15 February 1819. There, Bolívar gave a speech in which he advocated for a centralized government modeled on the

1738:

on 16 October. Bolívar then sent Sucre to reconcile with Mariño, who pledged loyalty to Bolívar on 26 January 1818.

887: 16192: 16157: 15779: 15685: 14971: 14911: 14875: 13206: 12726: 5384: 5324: 4002: 3982: 3934: 3706: 3377: 2067: 1822: 1231: 682:, respectively. Bolívar came to loathe Carlos Palacios, who had no interest in the boy other than his inheritance. 12584:"La encrucijada del cambio: Simón Bolívar entre dos paradigmas (una reflexión ante la encrucijada postindustrial)" 11238: 10687: 10067: 3618: 2346: 2322: 17: 15799: 15794: 15746: 15629: 15599: 15539: 14611: 14351: 13961: 13279: 12647: 12630:

Racine, Karen. "Simón Bolívar and friends: Recent biographies of independence figures in Colombia and Venezuela"

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While Bolívar was away, Urdaneta and the council of ministers planned with French envoys to have a member of the

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rejected. Meanwhile, the Colombian soldiers garrisoned in Lima mutinied, arrested their Venezuelan officers, and

2130:

on 6 August, driving them out of Peru. Choosing to ignore Olañeta, la Serna ordered his forces to concentrate at

1508:, and Guayana was controlled by Republicans, Bolívar only governed western Venezuela. The east was controlled by 1397: 1089: 861:

Bolívar and del Toro, aged 18 and 21 respectively, were married in Madrid on 26 May 1802. The couple boarded the

587: 494: 14338: 13538: 12429:"Don Gerónimo Enrique de Uztáriz y Tovar. II Marqués de Uztáriz. Protector y maestro de Simón Bolívar en Madrid" 4382: 16202: 16152: 16023: 15579: 15471: 15151: 14839: 14364: 14065: 13922: 13770: 13586: 13568: 13553: 13108: 13100: 12961: 12939: 12198: 11390: 11138: 3866: 2712: 2460: 2354: 1858: 1778: 715: 556: 478: 427: 287: 253: 15261: 15251: 14624: 14533: 14052: 10283: 9892: 7804: 7037: 6961: 3633: 2218: 2152: 1861:

of the Andes on 22 June and began a grueling crossing. On 6 July, the Republicans descended from the Andes at

1638:. Bolívar tentatively accepted and escaped assassination that night when his manservant mistakenly killed his 1043:

By April 1806, Bolívar had returned to Paris and desired passage to Venezuela, where Venezuelan revolutionary

948:... that I will not rest body or soul until I have broken the chains binding us to the will of Spanish might! 538:

in 1830. His legacy is diverse and far-reaching within Latin America and beyond. He is regarded as a hero and

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Gómez Pernia, Alejandro E. "The Liberator's Sword: The Most Precious Relic of the Bolivarian Revolution". In

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Bolívar escaped La Guaira early on 31 July 1812 and rode to Caracas, where he hid from arrest in the home of

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and Andrés Bello by paying for the mission. The trio boarded a British warship in June 1810 and arrived at

919:, and Simón Rodríguez, who joined Bolívar and del Toro in their apartment. While in Paris, Bolívar began a 753: 700: 490: 383:

December 1830) was a Venezuelan statesman and military officer who led what are currently the countries of

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and Cuzco by August. As Bolívar approached Upper Peru, a congress gathered in the city of Chuquisaca (now

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respectively—are named after Bolívar. In the English-speaking world, Bolívar is known as Latin America's

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parties respectively. Bolívar continued to have such a cultural influence in Colombia that in 1974 the

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In February 1821, as Bolívar was traveling from Bogotá to Cúcuta in anticipation of the opening of

1945: 1215:, which professed loyalty to the regency council, and began hostilities with them. Co-founding the 665: 439: 15061: 14976: 14931: 14672: 14516: 14477: 14451: 14425: 14399: 14230: 13821: 12703: 12618: 11420:[Venezuela Exhumes Body of Simón Bolívar to Investigate If He Was Poisoned with Arsenic]. 9832: 9241: 7401: 5039: 2948: 2467: 2185:

were largely not carried out, such as a school system based on the principles of English educator

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brought Bolívar news from New Granada and asked him to join the Republican community in exile in

1334:

for declaring independence from Spain. By April, a Royalist army under the Spanish naval officer

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organized by Bolívar convened without his attendance and produced no change in the hemispheric

2158: 1763: 1699: 1346:, which contained Royalist prisoners and most of the republic's remaining arms and ammunition. 1318: 1259: 1110: 1102: 928: 892:, a childhood friend and relative of his wife, made their way to Paris and arrived in time for 604: 15316: 15071: 13621: 13475: 13148: 10366: 9221: 5924: 2850: 2307: 2169:

serving as his second in command, Sucre completed the liberation of Upper Peru in April 1825.

1853:

Bolívar entered Casanare Province with his army on 4 June 1819, then met up with Santander at

1832: 15376: 15331: 15141: 15106: 15091: 14299: 14256: 13909: 13900: 13716: 13676: 13646: 13332: 13312: 13271: 13132: 13006: 12674: 12171: 11876: 10802: 10660: 10346: 10091: 9764: 9589: 9401: 9341: 8628: 8012: 6985: 3993:"to reward an activity of outstanding merit in accordance with the ideals of Simón Bolívar." 3926: 3781: 3603: 3417: 3298: 2910: 2890: 2800: 2644: 2526: 2402: 1818: 1687: 1523: 1392:

arrived on 1 September. Late in October, the exiles arranged for passage west to the city of

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declared its independence on 28 November 1821 and joined Colombia. Peru had been invaded by

1958: 1670:

on 31 May and sent Mariño and Piar into Guayana to build their own army, then took and held

1556:

Bolívar arrived in Cartagena on 19 September and then met with the New Granadan congress in

1470:) by its town council, a title first given to him by the citizens of the Venezuelan town of 912: 16052: 16047: 15923: 15695: 15271: 15121: 14806: 14607: 14347: 14243: 13957: 13793: 13442: 13140: 12885: 12865: 12693: 11805: 11677: 5175: 4050: 3942: 3898: 3766: 3508: 3447: 2810: 2732: 2639: 2606: 2424: 2206: 2045: 1534: 1044: 1033: 763: 721: 539: 523: 186: 15356: 15246: 15226: 14334: 14178: 14152: 13211: 12583: 7964: 5155: 4033: 2011: 1939:. Bolívar and Morillo signed the treaties on 25 and 26 November, then met the next day at 1301:... He saw me and , "We will fight nature itself if it opposes us, and force it to obey." 1137:, independent from the Spanish regency but not Ferdinand VII. Absent from Caracas for the 1003: 8: 15756: 15549: 14360: 13918: 13591: 13533: 13508: 12994: 12118: 11359: 11042: 10227: 9812: 9621: 9553: 9497: 8937: 8901: 8660: 8432: 6084: 4494: 4442: 3741: 3686: 3608: 3518: 3407: 2920: 2702: 2692: 2687: 2576: 2378: 2317: 2037: 1986: 1850:

and left Páez, Mariño, Urdaneta, and Bermúdez to tie down Morillo's forces in Venezuela.

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at Bolívar's direction in January and then pardoned, while Sucre and Venezuelan general

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as a result of this error. In July, 8,000 Spanish soldiers commanded by Spanish general

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from 1799 to 1804. Bolívar allegedly discussed Spanish American independence with them.

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Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)

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to convince him to return. Bolívar and Zea set sail for Venezuela on 21 December with

1509: 1482: 1118: 16097: 15721: 15716: 15635:

United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)

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over the wearing of diamonds without royal permission. Bolívar also at this time met

143: 15076: 15066: 15056: 15031: 14956: 14916: 14581: 14412: 13671: 13124: 12597:. Caracas: Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Comunicación y la Información, 2009. 11418:"Exhuman el cadáver de Simón Bolívar para investigar si fue envenenado con arsénico" 3103: 2561: 2419: 1888:, including the regions of Venezuela, New Granada, and the still Spanish-controlled 1846:

in August 1818. On 27 May, Bolívar marched with more than 2,000 soldiers toward the

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from 6 to 14 July, when it was recaptured by the Royalists. Bolívar fled by sea to

1615: 1546: 1500:, which retained the weaknesses of the first republic. Though all of Venezuela but 1212: 1106: 1064: 814: 15036: 14074: 13970: 13721: 13631: 10199: 6104: 4856: 3148: 3058: 2436:

in October and then, at the invitation of a Spanish landowner in the area, to the

2285:

and entered Caracas with him to much jubilation; for two months, Bolívar attended

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Safford, Frank. "Bolívar as Triumphal State Maker and Despairing "Democrat"". In

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and into the plains of New Granada. After a brief convalescence, the Republicans

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near Santa Marta. There, on 17 December 1830, at the age of 47, Bolívar died of

2172: 2123: 1772:. Bolívar next advanced towards Caracas, but was defeated while en route at the 1714:, and then joined a force of Piar's troops besieging the city of Angostura (now 773: 729: 15911: 15899: 15875: 15396: 15371: 15211: 15196: 15171: 14633: 13726: 13000: 12913: 12897: 12470:

Bolívar's Afterlife in the Americas: Biography, Ideology, and the Public Sphere

9796: 3910: 3786: 3513: 3479: 3278: 3268: 3223: 3183: 3178: 3123: 3113: 3108: 3093: 3023: 3008: 2993: 2983: 2895: 2795: 2785: 2775: 2222: 2075:, Peru's capital, on 1 September, Peru was split between two rival presidents, 1631: 1627: 1416: 1339: 1098: 706: 596: 463: 431: 408: 300: 15366: 15346: 14373: 12561: 12323: 10620: 9061: 8156: 7433: 7313: 7285: 7137: 6733: 4017:, an insurgent leftist group that later joined an alliance thereof called the 3998: 3078: 2478: 1545:

on 17 August 1814, he moved to Cumaná. On 26 August, he sailed with Mariño to

873:

on 22 January 1803. Bolívar was devastated by del Toro's death and later told

844: 16036: 15935: 15487: 15401: 15386: 15026: 14724: 14646: 14568: 14191: 14165: 13751: 13543: 13518: 13361: 13050: 12448: 12331: 11697: 11589: 11306: 10998: 10934: 10866: 10742: 10532: 10516: 10457: 9955: 9724: 9692: 9573: 9149: 9109: 9045: 9017: 8588: 8504: 8400: 8240: 8176: 8088: 7716: 7604: 4728: 4598: 4462: 4327: 4005:. In Colombia, allegiance or opposition to Bolívar formed the bedrock of the 3906: 3894: 3623: 3457: 3427: 3337: 3243: 3238: 3213: 3193: 3033: 2905: 2880: 2855: 2840: 2830: 2815: 2770: 2536: 2512: 1881: 1746: 1584: 1204: 1134: 1114: 1080: 1072: 999: 841:

while he awaited permission to return to Madrid, which was granted in April.

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Bolívar's death has been the subject of conspiracy theories advanced by the

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Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco

42: 12604:. London: University of London Institute of Latin American Studies, 1983. 11713: 10398: 5972: 5720: 5672: 5560: 5440: 5240: 5119: 5003: 4987: 4939: 4614: 4530: 3985:

was opened as a museum and archive of his papers on 5 July 1921. In 1978,

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in the 4th century BC, Bolívar swore to end Spanish rule in the Americas.

866: 15947: 15619: 14776: 14750: 14711: 14555: 14542: 13240: 12405:

Jaksic, Iván. "Simón Bolívar and Andrés Bello: The Republican Ideal". In

12253: 12106: 11661: 8416: 4955: 4820: 3922: 3771: 3308: 3248: 3198: 3143: 2938: 2870: 2596: 2591: 2311: 1950:. After this meeting, Morillo turned his command over to Spanish general 1892:, and elected Bolívar and Zea president and vice president respectively. 1588: 1550: 1280:

argued for more punitive and forceful campaigning against the Royalists.

1238:. On 13 July 1811, the republic raised militias to fight the pro-Spanish 978:. The trio arrived on 26 May 1805 and witnessed Napoleon's coronation as 826: 656: 270: 13762: 11765: 3851: 2209:, and asked him to write a constitution for Bolivia. Bolívar arrived in 1678:

where, on 22 August, he was deposed by Mariño and Venezuelan Republican

1667: 1642:

as part of a Spanish plot. He left Jamaica eight days later, arrived in

1605: 1124:

By February 1810, French victories in Spain prompted the dissolution of

825:

in August 1800, but were separated when the del Toros left Madrid for a

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custody of Juan Vicente and Simón to his sons, Juan Félix Palacios and

451: 12572:(Second edition). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. 11932: 11609: 10726: 7005: 1916:

talks until 21 November, when Colombian and Royalist delegates met in

1381: 799: 15784: 15624: 14860: 14802: 12635: 12614: 12496: 12065: 11454:"Hugo Chávez Claims Simón Bolívar Was Murdered Not Backed by Science" 11158: 9708: 9093: 8732: 7908: 5600: 4077:

as Supreme Political and Military Authority of the Peruvian Republic.

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against la Serna. Bolívar seized the opportunity to advance into the

2024: 1973:

After the Battle of Carabobo, Bolívar turned his attention south, to

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against the Royalists. They arrived in November and were welcomed by

1188: 983: 791: 767: 388: 12306:

Armillas-Tiseyra, Magalí (Fall 2013). "Introduction: Dislocations".

6592: 5816: 2210: 1675: 1565: 1538: 1443: 1293:... I saw the church of San Jacinto collapse on its own foundations. 15670: 15594: 13578: 12905: 11936: 11523: 5087: 3128: 2885: 2649: 2586: 2190: 2135: 1885: 1754: 1659: 1493: 1268:

later in July, the congress replaced del Toro with Miranda, and he

991: 958:

In April 1805, Bolívar left Paris with Rodríguez and del Toro on a

893: 803: 685: 582: 384: 15790:

Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)

15421: 11355:"Chávez, Assailed on Many Fronts, Is Riveted by 19th-Century Idol" 7453: 6929: 6048: 5756: 5075: 4674: 4672: 795: 11222: 10473: 10267: 9876: 9385: 9165: 8921: 8844: 8692: 8648: 8452: 8316: 7680: 7580: 6945: 6324: 6308: 6280: 5500: 5456: 4363: 2447:

Bolívar's body, dressed in a borrowed shirt, was interred in the

2330: 2202: 1982: 1731: 1580: 1514: 1056: 1047:

had just attempted an invasion with American volunteers. British

822: 552: 502: 423: 404: 392: 249: 46: 15575:

Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)

12711: 11741: 7197: 6869: 6704: 6576: 6496: 6480: 6268: 2325:

through which Bolívar escaped assassination on 25 September 1828

2221:, who tried without success to convince him to intervene in the 11978: 6124: 6008: 5228: 4712: 4669: 4550: 4514: 3986: 2805: 2334: 2096: 1990: 1519: 1076: 987: 834: 830: 759: 435: 400: 11864: 5944: 5908: 5276: 5212: 4923: 4840: 4768: 4684: 4122: 3956:

debate over the meaning of his figure having no end in sight.

1602:, which capitulated on 6 December; del Castillo was executed. 15965: 15700: 12516:

Simón Bolívar: Travels and Transformations of a Cultural Icon

12357:

Simón Bolívar: Essays on the Life and Legacy of the Liberator

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against Morillo, albeit ineffectively. In May, as the annual

1635: 1557: 975: 963: 838: 603:

Simón Bolívar's childhood was described by British historian

506: 12077: 10447: 10445: 10336: 10334: 9921: 9919: 9682: 9680: 8867: 8865: 8863: 4179: 4131: 821:, the daughter of another wealthy Caracas creole. They were 530:), with Bolívar as president there and in Peru and Bolivia. 15544: 15514:

United States involvement in regime change in Latin America

14895: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6620: 6444: 6340: 4167: 2072: 1564:. On 12 December, Bolívar captured Cundinamarca's capital, 1138: 995: 967: 845:

Return to Venezuela and second journey to Europe: 1802–1805

833:. After Uztáriz left Madrid for a government assignment in 622:

over the Bolívar children's inheritances. Those children –

466:, Bolívar became a zealous combatant and politician in the 455: 396: 11997: 4110: 2377:

in February, leading to an armistice in July and then the

1900:

military and political position was fatally undermined by

809:

At the same time, Mallo fell out of the Queen's favor and

743:. In 1797, Rodríguez's connection to the pro-independence 509:, Bolívar met and befriended Haitian revolutionary leader 15742:

Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)

12378:

Collier, Simon. "Simón Bolívar as Political Thinker". In

11793: 11519:"Venezuela Hero Simón Bolívar 'Death Tests' Inconclusive" 10442: 10386: 10331: 9916: 9677: 9609: 9461: 8860: 8772: 8720: 8492: 8228: 8056: 7852: 7389: 7365: 7301: 7273: 7237: 6668: 4294:(in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 19 December 2011. 4173: 4116: 1549:

with the treasure. The officer in control of the island,

1192:

Oil on canvas "Terremoto de 1812", by Venezuelan painter

15560:

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)

12570:

The Emergence of Latin America in the Nineteenth Century

11649: 11487:"Venezuela Unable to Determine Cause of Bolívar's Death" 6716: 6512: 6468: 6296: 4290:[Debate Ignites over Simón Bolívar's Position]. 1968: 1857:, on 11 June. The combined Republican force reached the 1646:

on 24 December, and on 2 January 1816 was introduced to

1055:, however, obliged Bolívar to board an American ship in 784:

On 19 January 1799, Bolívar boarded the Spanish warship

12387:

Ewell, Judith. "Bolívar's Atlantic Word Diplomacy". In

12138:

Simón Bolívar: Venezuelan Rebel, American Revolutionary

12053: 11637: 7377: 5960: 2248:

of Bolívar's constitution on 16 August. In Venezuela,

1353: 1199:

While Bolívar was in England, the Supreme Junta passed

11933:"Venezuela Honors Simón Bolívar's Lover Manuela Saenz" 11781: 11753: 11729: 11625: 6256: 5202: 5200: 5198: 4639: 4637: 4562: 3485: 15847: 12514:

Shanahan, Maureen G.; Reyes, Ana Maria, eds. (2017).

11955: 11840: 11830: 11828: 10694:(in Spanish). Government of Bolivia. 19 December 1825 9784: 8957: 7592: 7061: 6384: 5708: 4288:"Se enciende el debate por el cargo de Simón Bolívar" 4188: 4141: 2066:. After initially refusing Colombian assistance, the 1873:

until, on 7 August, the Royalists were routed at the

1768:, who had returned to Venezuela a year earlier after 1606:

Jamaica, Haiti, Venezuela, and New Granada: 1815–1819

27:

Venezuelan statesman and military officer (1783–1830)

12216:

Slatta, Richard W.; de Grummond, Jane Lucas (2003).

7353: 6656: 6456: 6244: 6232: 6220: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4128: 4119: 4113: 4107: 1902:

the mutiny of Spanish soldiers in Cádiz on 1 January

1880:

Desiring to merge New Granada and Venezuela into a "

16143:

People of the Spanish American wars of independence

13217:

List of places and things named after Simón Bolivar

12652:(In Spanish) –12,000+ transcribed documents of the 11912: 11852: 6608: 5636: 5412: 5352: 5292: 5195: 5063: 4975: 4808: 4700: 4634: 4410: 4161: 4104: 1396:to offer their services as military leaders to the 12627:, Vol. III. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1858. 12355:Bushnell, David; Langley, Lester D., eds. (2008). 12190: 12163: 12110: 11825: 10692:Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia 4482: 1931:on 25 November, establishing a six-month truce, a 1426:While en route to his posting, Bolívar issued the 1289:... and the earth began to shake with a huge roar. 1226:The declaration of independence created the first 709:in Caracas. In 1793, Carlos enrolled Bolívar at a 450:in 1803. From 1803 to 1805, Bolívar embarked on a 430:into a wealthy family of American-born Spaniards ( 12426: 12215: 12071: 12035: 11902: 11882: 11332: 11292: 11248: 11208: 11184: 11144: 11124: 11072: 11048: 11024: 11004: 10984: 10960: 10944: 10892: 10872: 10852: 10812: 10788: 10752: 10716: 10670: 10646: 10606: 10558: 10538: 10522: 10502: 10467: 10424: 10356: 10313: 10289: 10257: 10237: 10205: 10185: 10145: 10121: 10101: 10077: 10049: 10013: 9985: 9941: 9902: 9862: 9838: 9822: 9774: 9750: 9730: 9698: 9651: 9631: 9599: 9583: 9559: 9527: 9507: 9483: 9447: 9427: 9411: 9371: 9351: 9327: 9307: 9251: 9227: 9191: 9159: 9135: 9115: 9051: 9023: 9003: 8979: 8947: 8887: 8830: 8794: 8758: 8710: 8698: 8670: 8654: 8638: 8618: 8574: 8554: 8530: 8514: 8478: 8438: 8406: 8374: 8358: 8342: 8306: 8286: 8266: 8218: 8202: 8182: 8138: 8114: 8078: 8042: 8022: 7994: 7970: 7930: 7914: 7890: 7870: 7838: 7814: 7790: 7766: 7742: 7706: 7666: 7650: 7630: 7610: 7586: 7566: 7527: 7507: 7475: 7411: 7339: 7319: 7291: 7259: 7219: 7203: 7183: 7163: 7143: 7127: 7103: 7047: 7027: 6991: 6971: 6895: 6855: 6839: 6819: 6799: 6775: 6759: 6710: 6690: 6638: 6562: 6534: 6434: 6406: 6378: 6358: 6274: 6206: 6190: 6166: 6146: 6094: 6070: 6030: 6014: 5994: 5978: 5934: 5894: 5874: 5838: 5802: 5782: 5742: 5726: 5694: 5678: 5658: 5622: 5586: 5566: 5546: 5522: 5482: 5446: 5430: 5394: 5370: 5334: 5310: 5266: 5246: 5234: 5185: 5165: 5145: 5125: 5093: 5081: 5049: 5025: 5009: 4993: 4945: 4909: 4794: 4678: 4659: 4604: 4584: 4556: 4500: 4452: 4432: 4392: 4222:, and that is the pronunciation in the recording. 1745:to Bolívar's forces, which gained control of the 1698:. He wrote to the Republican leaders, especially 16034: 12305: 11870: 2213:on 5 October and met with two Argentine agents, 1017: 900:on 18 May 1804. They rented an apartment on the 686:Education and first journey to Europe: 1793–1802 15605:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) 12415: 12406: 12397: 12388: 12379: 12354: 12098: 11585:"Why Venezuela's Chávez Dug Up Bolívar's Bones" 11452:Phillips, Tom; Lopez, Virginia (26 July 2011). 2165:prior to Sucre's arrival. With Irish volunteer 1726:, to Bolívar. On 30 June, Bolívar granted Piar 923:with the Countess Dervieu du Villars, at whose 594:was one of the wealthiest and most prestigious 55: and the second or maternal family name is 15585:Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) 2314:to monitor its proceedings through his aides. 1063:, in January 1807, and from there traveled to 853:Wedding of Bolívar and del Toro as painted by 758:decided to send Bolívar to join the latter in 30:"Bolívar" redirects here. For other uses, see 16113:Burials at the National Pantheon of Venezuela 15810:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) 15530:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) 15437: 14876: 13778: 13256: 13232: 12727: 12542: 12513: 11451: 3874: 16148:People of the Venezuelan War of Independence 12540: 12083: 11552:"Building a New History by Exhuming Bolívar" 10688:"Decreto Supremo de 29 de diciembre de 1825" 3893:Bolívar's personal beliefs were liberal and 2310:opened on 9 April, Bolívar based himself at 1522:, to the south – led by the Spanish warlord 15610:Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI) 15545:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) 12562:The Liberator, Simón Bolívar: Man and Image 2103:In May 1823, conservative Royalist general 1787: 1560:, which tasked him with subduing the rival 911:and met with other South Americans such as 600:(creole) families in the Spanish Americas. 156:10 February 1824 – 27 January 1827 16138:People of the Peruvian War of Independence 15780:Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) 15676:Central America-4 Border Control Agreement 15555:Central American Integration System (SICA) 15444: 15430: 14883: 14869: 14845: 13785: 13771: 13270: 13263: 13249: 12734: 12720: 11975:"International UNESCO/Simón Bolívar Prize" 4359:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 4019:Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board 3881: 3867: 1562:Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca 551:Simón Bolívar was born on 24 July 1783 in 501:in 1815, Bolívar was forced into exile on 83: 13792: 13182:Statue of Simón Bolívar, Washington, D.C. 12490: 12240: 11387:"Bolívar and Chávez, a Worthy Comparison" 10590: 10578: 10451: 10340: 10221: 10169: 9925: 9686: 9671: 9615: 9547: 9467: 9215: 9087: 9039: 8871: 8814: 8778: 8726: 8686: 8498: 8394: 8234: 8062: 7858: 7547: 7495: 7427: 7395: 7371: 7307: 7279: 7243: 6727: 6626: 6518: 6450: 6346: 6302: 5966: 2361:and a revolt in Popayán and Pasto led by 2269: 1415:, who instructed his commanding general, 199:6 August 1825 – 29 December 1825 113:16 February 1819 – 27 April 1830 15630:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) 12795:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 12780:María de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco 12276:El Libertador: Writings of Simón Bolívar 12270: 12250:The Bolívarian Revolution: Simón Bolívar 5506: 2418: 2316: 2171: 2023: 1791: 1609: 1492:On 2 January 1814, Bolívar was made the 1476: 1187: 1027: 848: 819:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 772: 762:. There, Esteban was friends with Queen 572:María de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco 546: 444:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 438:from 1800 to 1802, he was introduced to 323:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 13375:Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría 12602:Simón Bolívar and the Age of Revolution 12493:War and Independence in Spanish America 12413: 12377: 12135: 12059: 12043: 12019: 11886: 11787: 11771: 11759: 11747: 11735: 11723: 11683: 11631: 11615: 11582: 11447: 11445: 11192: 11104: 11080: 11032: 10924: 10900: 10432: 10321: 10297: 10153: 10129: 10057: 9993: 9842: 9199: 9071: 8166: 8146: 8002: 7974: 7898: 7818: 7774: 7730: 7531: 7479: 7463: 7443: 7227: 6995: 6939: 6646: 6542: 6538: 6414: 6334: 6318: 6290: 6262: 6150: 6114: 6038: 5714: 5490: 5434: 5402: 5342: 5169: 5109: 5053: 4758: 4738: 4718: 4624: 4608: 4540: 4520: 4504: 4472: 4456: 4416: 4400: 3438:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch 2423:Bolívar's death, by Venezuelan painter 2292:occupied Guayaquil until September 1827 1954:and departed for Spain on 17 December. 1911:, which forced Ferdinand VII to accept 1183: 337: 1802; died 1803) 124:Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría 14: 16035: 14890: 12433:Presente y Pasado: Revista de Historia 12404: 12395: 11719: 11691: 11655: 11619: 11549: 11352: 4032:alleged to belong to Bolívar from his 2021:in southern Colombia on 7 April 1822. 1869:against the forces of Spanish colonel 517:in 1817 and then crossed the Andes to 16173:Venezuelan people of Canarian descent 16078:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis 15600:Organization of American States (OAS) 15580:Latin American Economic System (SELA) 15540:Association of Caribbean States (ACS) 15467:Spanish American wars of independence 15425: 14864: 13766: 13244: 13231: 12715: 12568:Bushnell, David and Macaulay, Neill. 12427:Cardozo Uzcátegui, Alejandro (2011). 12386: 12247: 12188: 12158: 12105: 12047: 12039: 12023: 12015: 12003: 11961: 11930: 11906: 11890: 11846: 11819: 11815: 11811: 11799: 11775: 11707: 11703: 11687: 11671: 11667: 11643: 11484: 11415: 11367:from the original on 12 November 2012 11340: 11336: 11320: 11316: 11312: 11300: 11296: 11288: 11276: 11272: 11268: 11256: 11252: 11244: 11232: 11228: 11216: 11212: 11196: 11188: 11180: 11168: 11164: 11152: 11148: 11132: 11128: 11120: 11108: 11100: 11096: 11084: 11076: 11068: 11056: 11052: 11036: 11028: 11020: 11008: 10992: 10988: 10980: 10968: 10964: 10956: 10940: 10928: 10920: 10916: 10904: 10896: 10888: 10876: 10860: 10856: 10848: 10836: 10832: 10828: 10816: 10808: 10796: 10792: 10784: 10772: 10768: 10764: 10748: 10736: 10732: 10720: 10712: 10674: 10666: 10654: 10650: 10642: 10630: 10626: 10614: 10610: 10602: 10566: 10562: 10554: 10542: 10526: 10510: 10506: 10498: 10483: 10479: 10463: 10436: 10428: 10420: 10408: 10404: 10392: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10360: 10352: 10325: 10317: 10301: 10293: 10277: 10273: 10261: 10253: 10241: 10233: 10209: 10193: 10189: 10181: 10157: 10149: 10141: 10125: 10117: 10105: 10097: 10085: 10081: 10073: 10061: 10053: 10045: 10033: 10029: 10025: 10009: 9997: 9989: 9981: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9949: 9945: 9937: 9910: 9906: 9898: 9886: 9882: 9870: 9866: 9858: 9846: 9826: 9818: 9806: 9802: 9790: 9778: 9770: 9758: 9754: 9746: 9734: 9718: 9714: 9702: 9659: 9655: 9647: 9635: 9627: 9603: 9595: 9579: 9567: 9563: 9535: 9531: 9523: 9511: 9503: 9491: 9487: 9479: 9455: 9451: 9443: 9431: 9415: 9407: 9395: 9391: 9379: 9375: 9367: 9355: 9347: 9335: 9331: 9323: 9311: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9275: 9271: 9267: 9255: 9247: 9235: 9231: 9203: 9195: 9187: 9175: 9171: 9155: 9143: 9139: 9131: 9119: 9103: 9099: 9075: 9067: 9055: 9027: 9011: 9007: 8999: 8987: 8983: 8975: 8963: 8951: 8943: 8931: 8927: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8895: 8891: 8883: 8854: 8850: 8838: 8834: 8826: 8802: 8798: 8790: 8766: 8762: 8754: 8742: 8738: 8714: 8674: 8666: 8642: 8634: 8622: 8614: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8582: 8578: 8570: 8558: 8550: 8538: 8534: 8526: 8510: 8486: 8482: 8474: 8462: 8458: 8446: 8442: 8426: 8422: 8410: 8382: 8378: 8362: 8346: 8338: 8326: 8322: 8310: 8294: 8290: 8282: 8270: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8222: 8214: 8198: 8186: 8170: 8162: 8150: 8142: 8134: 8122: 8118: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8082: 8074: 8050: 8046: 8038: 8026: 8018: 8006: 7998: 7990: 7978: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7938: 7934: 7926: 7902: 7894: 7886: 7874: 7846: 7842: 7834: 7822: 7810: 7798: 7794: 7778: 7770: 7762: 7750: 7746: 7726: 7722: 7710: 7702: 7690: 7686: 7674: 7670: 7654: 7638: 7634: 7626: 7614: 7598: 7574: 7570: 7562: 7535: 7515: 7511: 7483: 7459: 7447: 7439: 7415: 7407: 7383: 7359: 7347: 7343: 7335: 7323: 7295: 7267: 7263: 7255: 7231: 7223: 7215: 7191: 7187: 7179: 7167: 7159: 7147: 7131: 7123: 7111: 7107: 7099: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7067: 7055: 7051: 7043: 7031: 7015: 7011: 6999: 6979: 6975: 6967: 6955: 6951: 6935: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6903: 6899: 6891: 6879: 6875: 6863: 6859: 6843: 6835: 6823: 6815: 6803: 6795: 6783: 6779: 6763: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6698: 6694: 6686: 6674: 6662: 6650: 6642: 6614: 6602: 6598: 6586: 6582: 6570: 6566: 6558: 6546: 6530: 6506: 6502: 6490: 6486: 6474: 6462: 6438: 6430: 6418: 6410: 6402: 6390: 6374: 6362: 6330: 6314: 6286: 6250: 6238: 6226: 6214: 6210: 6194: 6186: 6174: 6170: 6154: 6134: 6130: 6118: 6110: 6098: 6090: 6078: 6074: 6058: 6054: 6042: 6034: 6026: 6002: 5998: 5982: 5954: 5950: 5938: 5930: 5918: 5914: 5902: 5898: 5882: 5878: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5842: 5826: 5822: 5810: 5806: 5790: 5786: 5778: 5766: 5762: 5750: 5746: 5730: 5702: 5698: 5682: 5666: 5662: 5654: 5642: 5630: 5626: 5610: 5606: 5594: 5590: 5582: 5570: 5554: 5550: 5542: 5530: 5526: 5510: 5494: 5486: 5478: 5466: 5462: 5450: 5418: 5406: 5398: 5390: 5378: 5374: 5358: 5346: 5338: 5330: 5318: 5314: 5298: 5286: 5282: 5270: 5262: 5250: 5222: 5218: 5206: 5189: 5181: 5161: 5149: 5141: 5129: 5113: 5105: 5069: 5057: 5045: 5033: 5029: 5013: 4997: 4981: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4949: 4933: 4929: 4917: 4913: 4905: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4850: 4846: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4814: 4802: 4798: 4790: 4778: 4774: 4762: 4754: 4742: 4734: 4722: 4706: 4694: 4690: 4663: 4655: 4643: 4628: 4620: 4592: 4588: 4580: 4568: 4544: 4536: 4524: 4508: 4488: 4476: 4468: 4448: 4436: 4428: 4404: 4396: 4388: 4298:from the original on 14 February 2023 4217: 4199: 3589:1946 Italian institutional referendum 3529:Spanish American wars of independence 1969:Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia: 1821–1826 982:. From Milan, they traveled down the 468:Spanish-American wars of independence 16178:Venezuelan people of Spanish descent 15972: 13308:Felipe de Vergara Azcarate y Caycedo 12467: 12298: 11918: 11858: 11834: 11442: 4346: 4310: 2126:, where he defeated Canterac at the 1354:New Granada and Venezuela: 1812–1815 1059:in October 1806. Bolívar arrived in 659:; Simón was raised by a slave named 477:in 1810 as a militia officer in the 16168:Venezuelan people of Basque descent 15451: 12441:University of the Andes (Venezuela) 3963:Bolívar's Afterlife in the Americas 3358:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates 2496: 2475:United Socialist Party of Venezuela 2414: 2333:, leaving the convention without a 998:, where Bolívar met, among others, 935:, who had traveled through much of 559:, the fourth and youngest child of 24: 15509:Inter-American Commission of Women 13167:Bust of Simón Bolívar, Houston, TX 12636:https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12608 12565:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970. 12553: 11499:from the original on 28 March 2023 11430:from the original on 28 March 2022 10787:, pp. 407, 414–415, 423–426; 3941:and a constitution modeled on the 3905:; among his favorite authors were 1796:Equestrian portrait of Bolívar by 1784:congress that would meet in 1819. 1458:. On 14 May, Bolívar launched the 1126:the anti-French Spanish government 806:, literature, and social studies. 25: 16219: 16208:Viceroyalty of New Granada people 16123:Venezuelan independence activists 16103:Anti-imperialism in South America 15666:CARICOM Single Market and Economy 15640:United States Pirate Party (USPP) 13056:International Simón Bolívar Prize 12944:Spanish reconquest of New Granada 12741: 12641: 11985:from the original on 13 June 2023 11597:from the original on 2 April 2023 11531:from the original on 2 April 2023 11466:from the original on 2 April 2023 11353:Forero, Juan (23 February 2008). 3991:International Simón Bolívar Prize 2463:in Caracas, created that year by 2449:Cathedral Basilica of Santa Marta 2343:an attempt to assassinate Bolívar 2057:overwhelmed the Peruvian republic 1770:conquering Republican New Granada 1285:I left my house for the Cathedral 1232:Captaincy-Generals of Puerto Rico 1221:declared Venezuela's independence 16015: 15998: 15981: 15953: 15941: 15929: 15917: 15905: 15893: 15881: 15869: 15857: 15686:Eastern Caribbean Currency Union 15410: 14844: 14835: 14834: 14817: 13351: 12455:from the original on 31 May 2022 11967: 11943:from the original on 31 May 2022 11924: 11576: 11543: 11511: 11478: 11409: 11393:. 11 August 2011. Archived from 11379: 11346: 10680: 4234: 4225: 4157: 4100: 4003:Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 3850: 3378:Discourses Concerning Government 1024:Military career of Simón Bolívar 358: 16128:Tuberculosis deaths in Colombia 15800:Free Trade Area of the Americas 15795:Economic Partnership Agreements 15747:Inter-American Development Bank 13280:United Provinces of New Granada 13177:Statue of Simón Bolívar, London 12218:Simón Bolívar's Quest for Glory 12093: 11550:Romero, Simon (3 August 2010). 3644:Barbadian Republic Proclamation 2438:Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino 2250:Páez revolted against Santander 2201:the region to be the nation of 1398:United Provinces of New Granada 1012:the plebs had seceded from Rome 495:United Provinces of New Granada 334: 16093:19th-century Venezuelan people 15472:Decolonization of the Americas 13024:Constitution of Bolivia (1826) 12962:Ecuadorian War of Independence 12940:Venezuelan War of Independence 12803:María Antonia Bolívar Palacios 12222:Texas A&M University Press 12199:University of New Mexico Press 11485:Gupta, Girish (26 July 2011). 11391:Council on Hemispheric Affairs 4280: 4254: 4090: 4080: 4068: 3983:the house in which he was born 3579:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt 3559:German Revolution of 1918–1919 2461:National Pantheon of Venezuela 2373:defeated the Peruvians at the 2254:a congress of American nations 2083:, and the Royalists under the 927:he likely met the naturalists 557:Captaincy General of Venezuela 479:Venezuelan War of Independence 428:Captaincy General of Venezuela 411:. He is known colloquially as 288:National Pantheon of Venezuela 254:Captaincy General of Venezuela 36:Simón Bolívar (disambiguation) 13: 1: 16073:19th-century Colombian people 15550:Caribbean Community (CARICOM) 13831:José María Pérez de Urdininea 12825:Juan Vicente Bolívar Palacios 12416:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12407:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12398:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12389:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12380:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12072:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 12046:, pp. 109–110, 119–120; 12036:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11903:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11883:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11583:Padgett, Tim (17 July 2010). 11416:Lopez, Jaime (17 July 2010). 11333:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11293:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11249:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11209:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11199:, pp. 427–430, 432, 435. 11185:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11155:, pp. 414–417, 424, 426. 11145:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11125:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11079:, pp. 237–238, 240–241; 11073:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11049:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11025:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11005:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10991:, pp. 229–230, 232–233; 10985:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10983:, pp. 437–438, 444–445; 10961:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10945:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10893:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10873:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10853:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10813:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10795:, pp. 213–215, 222–223; 10789:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10753:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10717:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10671:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10647:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10607:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10559:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10539:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10523:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10503:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10468:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10425:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10357:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10314:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10290:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10258:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10238:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10206:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10186:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10146:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10122:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10102:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10078:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10050:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10014:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9986:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9942:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9903:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9863:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9839:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9823:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9775:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9751:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9731:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9699:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9652:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9632:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9600:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9584:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9560:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9528:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9508:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9484:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9448:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9428:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9412:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9372:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9352:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9328:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9308:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9252:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9228:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9192:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9160:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9136:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9116:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9052:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9024:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9004:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8980:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8948:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8888:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8831:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8795:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8759:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8711:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8699:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8671:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8655:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8639:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8619:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8575:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8555:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8531:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8515:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8479:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8439:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8407:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8375:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8359:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8343:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8307:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8287:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8267:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8219:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8203:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8183:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8139:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8115:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8079:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8043:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8023:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7995:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7971:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7931:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7915:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7891:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7871:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7839:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7815:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7791:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7767:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7743:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7707:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7667:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7651:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7631:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7611:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7587:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7567:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7530:, pp. 100–104, 106–112; 7528:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7508:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7476:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7412:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7340:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7320:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7292:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7260:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7220:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7204:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7184:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7164:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7144:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7128:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7104:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7048:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7028:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6992:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6972:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6896:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6856:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6840:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6820:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6800:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6776:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6760:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6711:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6691:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6639:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6563:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6535:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6435:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6407:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6379:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6359:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6275:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6207:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6191:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6167:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6147:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6095:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6071:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6031:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6015:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5995:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5979:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5935:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5895:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5875:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5839:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5803:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5783:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5743:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5727:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5695:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5679:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5659:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5623:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5587:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5567:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5547:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5523:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5483:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5447:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5431:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5395:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5371:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5335:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5311:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5267:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5247:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5186:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5166:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5146:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5126:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5050:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5026:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5010:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4994:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4946:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4910:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4795:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4679:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4660:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4605:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4585:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4557:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4501:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4453:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4433:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4393:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4061: 2477:. In January 2008, President 2138:to manage political affairs. 1808: 1543:Battle of Aragua de Barcelona 1099:invaded the Iberian peninsula 1018:Political and military career 953:Simón Bolívar, 15 August 1805 493:Venezuelan republics and the 446:, who died in Venezuela from 379:July 1783 – 17 16088:19th-century Peruvian people 16068:19th-century Bolivian people 13539:Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas 13413:Francisco de Paula Santander 13390:Francisco de Paula Santander 13117:Bolívar, a Tropical Symphony 13082:The General in His Labyrinth 12972:Bolivian War of Independence 12967:Peruvian War of Independence 12874:Francisco de Paula Santander 12769:Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte 12359:. Rowman & Littlefield. 12248:Brown, Matthew, ed. (2009). 12099:Biographies of Simón Bolívar 11087:, pp. 393–394, 396–403. 7538:, pp. 156–159, 163–164. 3829:Republic without republicans 3574:11 September 1922 Revolution 3569:Mongolian Revolution of 1921 1882:greater republic of Colombia 1498:Second Republic of Venezuela 1456:Francisco de Paula Santander 1244:Francisco Rodríguez del Toro 1103:replaced the rulers of Spain 970:, they traveled through the 561:Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte 460:Spanish rule in the Americas 458:, where he swore to end the 45:, the first or paternal 7: 16118:Guerrilla warfare theorists 16058:Presidents of Gran Colombia 15737:Central American Parliament 13207:Birthplace of Simón Bolívar 13202:Karl Marx and Simón Bolívar 13029:Constitution of Peru (1826) 12582:Gómez Martínez, José Luis. 12543:Shanahan & Reyes (2017) 12520:University Press of Florida 12491:McFarlane, Anthony (2014). 12136:Langley, Lester D. (2009). 12113:Bolívar: American Liberator 11931:Grant, Will (5 July 2010). 4039: 3564:Turkish War of Independence 3486: 2484:Vice President of Venezuela 1937:basic rights for combatants 883:Fernando Rodríguez del Toro 720:run by Venezuelan educator 10: 16224: 16188:Venezuelan Roman Catholics 16183:Venezuelan revolutionaries 15732:Caribbean Development Bank 15727:Caribbean Court of Justice 15681:Central America-4 passport 15482:North American integration 15477:Latin American integration 13597:Manuel Antonio Sanclemente 13514:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13504:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13481:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13428:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13318:Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez 4323:Collins English Dictionary 3619:1970 Cambodian coup d'état 3368:The Commonwealth of Oceana 2273: 2167:Francisco Burdett O'Connor 2032:by Marco Salas Yepes, 1960 1979:Free Province of Guayaquil 1920:. The delegates completed 1871:José María Barreiro Manjón 1464:Decree of War to the Death 1436:Manuel del Castillo y Rada 1336:Juan Domingo de Monteverde 1079:. After six months in the 1061:Charleston, South Carolina 1021: 745:Gual and España conspiracy 711:rudimentary primary school 540:national and cultural icon 422:Simón Bolívar was born in 63: 40: 29: 16083:19th-century male writers 15818: 15770: 15762:South American Parliament 15752:Latin American Parliament 15709: 15648: 15522: 15459: 15408: 14902: 14830: 14815: 14738:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada 14699:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada 14504:Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas 13804: 13800: 13577: 13496:United States of Colombia 13494: 13486:Ignacio Gutierrez Vergara 13456: 13403: 13362:Republic of Gran Colombia 13360: 13349: 13278: 13238: 13233:Links to related articles 13194: 13159: 13092: 13073: 13064: 13041: 13016: 12987: 12980: 12948:Liberation of New Granada 12930: 12855: 12756: 12750:Family and contemporaries 12749: 12700: 12691: 12681: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12324:10.2979/globalsouth.7.2.1 11818:, pp. 259–262, 276; 11492:Christian Science Monitor 11127:, pp. 277, 281–284; 10959:, pp. 435–436, 443; 10653:, pp. 195–196, 199; 10629:, pp. 195–196, 208; 10557:, pp. 378–379, 383; 10144:, pp. 331, 338–341; 10076:, pp. 328, 330–331; 10056:, pp. 171, 178–179; 8829:, pp. 235–237, 243; 8557:, pp. 153–154, 156; 7889:, pp. 184–185, 190; 4216:is pronounced as Spanish 3948: 3792:The Emperor's New Clothes 3544:5 October 1910 revolution 3539:French Revolution of 1848 2562:Liberty as non-domination 2107:, based in the region of 1997:led by Argentine general 1819:congress met in Angostura 1774:Third Battle of La Puerta 1462:, in which he issued the 1360:Esteban Fernández de León 1242:. The congress appointed 1166:British foreign secretary 749:Esteban Palacios y Blanco 696:Real Audiencia of Caracas 609:Feliciano Palacios y Sojo 464:Napoleon's Peninsular War 407:to independence from the 366: 354: 344: 316: 293: 283: 260: 236: 231: 227: 215: 203: 192: 184: 172: 160: 149: 141: 129: 117: 106: 98: 94: 89:Posthumous portrait, 1922 82: 75: 14764:Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé 14283:José Luis Tejada Sorzano 13707:Julio César Turbay Ayala 13637:Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez 13549:Julián Trujillo Largacha 13466:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez 13448:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez 13298:Antonio Nariño y Álvarez 13172:Simón Bolívar (Tadolini) 12624:New American Cyclopaedia 12468:Conn, Robert T. (2020). 12316:Indiana University Press 12189:Masur, Gerhard (1969) . 12142:Rowman & Littlefield 11750:, pp. 15–19, 25–27. 11303:, pp. 448, 450–454. 10995:, pp. 376–378, 388. 10971:, pp. 362, 372–373. 10439:, pp. 320, 326–328. 10383:, pp. 315, 317–318. 9809:, pp. 138–139, 168. 9494:, pp. 248, 253–254. 4247: 4201:[siˈmomboˈliβaɾ] 3903:Enlightenment philosophy 3634:1987 Fijian coups d'état 3594:1952 Egyptian revolution 2572:Political representation 1788:Gran Colombia: 1819–1830 1686:New Granadan Republican 1402:Manuel Rodríguez Torices 1135:Supreme Junta of Caracas 1051:resulting from the 1805 707:Spanish court of appeals 694:at the direction of the 673:Carlos Palacios y Blanco 440:Enlightenment philosophy 64:Not to be confused with 32:Bolívar (disambiguation) 16193:Venezuelan nationalists 16158:Presidents of Venezuela 15805:G3 Free Trade Agreement 15570:Contadora support group 13702:Alfonso López Michelsen 13697:Misael Pastrana Borrero 13687:Guillermo León Valencia 13617:Carlos Eugenio Restrepo 13612:Ramón González Valencia 13559:Francisco Javier Zaldúa 13458:Granadine Confederation 13418:José Ignacio de Márquez 13405:Republic of New Granada 13338:Liborio Mejía Gutiérrez 13303:Luis de Ayala y Vergara 12593:Lacroix, Luis Perú de. 12280:Oxford University Press 11710:, pp. 78, 244–249. 3614:1969 Libyan coup d'état 3398:Discourse on Inequality 2547:Consent of the governed 2390:Daniel Florence O'Leary 2355:intervention in Bolivia 2176:Portrait of Bolívar by 1890:Real Audiencia of Quito 1680:José Francisco Bermúdez 1664:Juan Bautista Arismendi 1614:Portrait of Bolívar by 1406:Free State of Cartagena 1178:Anglo-Spanish relations 1128:in favor of a five-man 1085:Antonio Nicolás Briceño 497:. After Spanish forces 15535:Andean Community (CAN) 14962:Gutiérrez de la Fuente 13945:José Miguel de Velasco 13888:José Miguel de Velasco 13862:José Miguel de Velasco 13840:José Miguel de Velasco 13732:Andrés Pastrana Arango 13692:Carlos Lleras Restrepo 13682:Alberto Lleras Camargo 13662:Alfonso López Pumarejo 13657:Eduardo Santos Montejo 13652:Alfonso López Pumarejo 13423:Pedro Alcántara Herrán 13343:Fernando Serrano Uribe 13272:Presidents of Colombia 12918:Alexander von Humboldt 12814:Juana Bolívar Palacios 12649:Archivo del Libertador 12241:Works by Simón Bolívar 11690:, pp. 38–39, 47; 7510:, pp. 85–87, 97; 5235:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011 5094:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011 5082:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011 4056:Crown of Simón Bolívar 4015:19th of April Movement 3958: 2428: 2411:as interim President. 2339:Pedro Alcántara Herrán 2326: 2304:José Prudencio Padilla 2276:Septembrine Conspiracy 2270:Final years: 1826–1830 2219:José Miguel Díaz Vélez 2215:Carlos María de Alvear 2181: 2081:José Bernardo de Tagle 2077:José de la Riva Agüero 2033: 1913:a liberal constitution 1814: 1619: 1518:– the horsemen of the 1489: 1303: 1196: 1111:Ferdinand VII of Spain 1040: 950: 929:Alexander von Humboldt 858: 781: 306:Venezuelan (1813–1819) 167:José Bernardo de Tagle 16203:Congress of Angostura 16153:Presidents of Bolivia 15831:Pan-American Congress 14673:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 14517:Alfredo Ovando Candía 14478:Alfredo Ovando Candía 14452:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 14426:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 14400:Mamerto Urriolagoitía 14257:Carlos Blanco Galindo 14231:Felipe Segundo Guzmán 14205:José Gutiérrez Guerra 13910:Mariano Enrique Calvo 13822:Antonio José de Sucre 13794:Presidents of Bolivia 13717:Virgilio Barco Vargas 13677:Gustavo Rojas Pinilla 13647:Enrique Olaya Herrera 13602:José Manuel Marroquín 13333:Antonio Villavicencio 13328:José Fernández Madrid 13313:Camilo Torres Tenorio 12981:Politics and ideology 12704:Antonio José de Sucre 12675:President of Colombia 12595:Diario de Bucaramanga 12172:Yale University Press 12166:Simón Bolívar: A Life 12038:, pp. 305, 308; 11871:Armillas-Tiseyra 2013 10831:, pp. 421, 426; 10771:, pp. 209, 211; 10407:, pp. 368, 370; 10052:, pp. 228, 230; 9909:, pp. 146, 168; 9805:, pp. 302, 319; 9290:, pp. 277, 280; 9254:, pp. 193, 195; 8553:, pp. 211, 213; 7014:, pp. 107, 112; 5497:, pp. 54, 57–58. 3953: 3782:Criticism of monarchy 3604:North Yemen civil war 3418:The Federalist Papers 2713:Federal parliamentary 2468:Antonio Guzmán Blanco 2422: 2347:Palacio de San Carlos 2323:Palacio de San Carlos 2320: 2175: 2105:Pedro Antonio Olañeta 2027: 1941:Santa Ana de Trujillo 1795: 1759:they defeated Morillo 1724:Antonio José de Sucre 1688:Francisco Antonio Zea 1613: 1480: 1384:. He and his uncles' 1283: 1228:Republic of Venezuela 1191: 1097:In 1807–08, Napoleon 1031: 942: 898:Emperor of the French 875:Louis Peru de Lacroix 852: 776: 547:Early life and family 309:Colombian (from 1819) 256:, Spanish Empire 222:Antonio José de Sucre 101:President of Colombia 15696:Interoceanic Highway 14608:Lidia Gueiler Tejada 14348:Gualberto Villarroel 14244:Hernando Siles Reyes 13958:Manuel Isidoro Belzu 13875:Andrés de Santa Cruz 13667:Mariano Ospina Pérez 13642:Miguel Abadía Méndez 13579:Republic of Colombia 13564:José Eusebio Otalora 13093:Films and television 12910:Marquis de Lafayette 12866:Francisco de Miranda 12694:President of Bolivia 12656:, from 1799 to 1830. 12588:Cuadernos Americanos 12197:(Revised ed.). 12119:Simon & Schuster 12042:, pp. 299–304; 12018:, pp. 281–283; 12006:, pp. 455, 458. 11905:, pp. 303–304; 11822:, pp. 447, 450. 11706:, pp. 181–182; 11670:, pp. 412–414; 11339:, pp. 300–301; 11335:, pp. 295–301; 11299:, pp. 275–278; 11295:, pp. 290–291; 11291:, pp. 485–487; 11271:, pp. 483–484; 11259:, pp. 440, 449. 11255:, pp. 274–275; 11247:, pp. 481–482; 11211:, pp. 272–273; 11191:, pp. 270–272; 11187:, pp. 287–289; 11183:, pp. 472–476; 11151:, pp. 262–266; 11147:, pp. 286–287; 11131:, pp. 253–259; 11123:, pp. 460–464; 11103:, pp. 241–242; 11099:, pp. 456–458; 11083:, pp. 102–103; 11075:, pp. 276–280; 11071:, pp. 451–456; 11031:, pp. 233–236; 11027:, pp. 275–276; 11023:, pp. 445–447; 10987:, pp. 273–274; 10923:, pp. 227–228; 10919:, pp. 433–435; 10899:, pp. 225–226; 10891:, pp. 430–431; 10859:, pp. 218–219; 10855:, pp. 268–269; 10851:, pp. 427–428; 10791:, pp. 265–267; 10739:, pp. 348, 350. 10719:, pp. 261–262; 10715:, pp. 391–392; 10669:, pp. 388–390; 10645:, pp. 386–388; 10613:, pp. 194–195; 10609:, pp. 256–257; 10605:, pp. 381–382; 10565:, pp. 194–195; 10561:, pp. 252–256; 10431:, pp. 191–193; 10427:, pp. 247–250; 10423:, pp. 372–375; 10379:, pp. 186–187; 10375:, pp. 364–366; 10316:, pp. 243–244; 10292:, pp. 243–244; 10260:, pp. 242–243; 10256:, pp. 354–356; 10212:, pp. 305, 308. 10192:, pp. 175–176; 10188:, pp. 240–241; 10184:, pp. 343–345; 10152:, pp. 173–175; 10148:, pp. 235–237; 10084:, pp. 171–172; 10032:, pp. 170–171; 10012:, pp. 325–326; 9988:, pp. 226–227; 9940:, pp. 323–325; 9865:, pp. 224–225; 9841:, pp. 213–215; 9773:, pp. 313–314; 9757:, pp. 145–146; 9749:, pp. 308–310; 9717:, pp. 141–142; 9658:, pp. 139–140; 9654:, pp. 218–220; 9650:, pp. 304–307; 9598:, pp. 302–303; 9530:, pp. 209–210; 9490:, pp. 136–137; 9486:, pp. 204–209; 9482:, pp. 292–297; 9446:, pp. 291–292; 9434:, pp. 134, 136. 9430:, pp. 201–202; 9414:, pp. 200–201; 9354:, pp. 197–198; 9334:, pp. 132–133; 9330:, pp. 196–197; 9326:, pp. 282–283; 9238:, pp. 235, 237. 9198:, pp. 128–130; 9194:, pp. 188–193; 9190:, pp. 268–273; 8982:, pp. 180–181; 8978:, pp. 255–258; 8914:, pp. 120–122; 8910:, pp. 246–253; 8837:, pp. 116–117; 8833:, pp. 174–180; 8793:, pp. 234–235; 8761:, pp. 171–172; 8757:, pp. 231–232; 8741:, pp. 113–114; 8621:, pp. 158–160; 8617:, pp. 217–218; 8573:, pp. 213–214; 8537:, pp. 103–104; 8485:, pp. 102–103; 8477:, pp. 207–208; 8425:, pp. 208–209; 8377:, pp. 146–147; 8361:, pp. 151–152; 8345:, pp. 150–151; 8269:, pp. 147–148; 8221:, pp. 141–144; 8217:, pp. 198–200; 8141:, pp. 141–142; 8137:, pp. 197–198; 8117:, pp. 137–138; 8081:, pp. 131–132; 8077:, pp. 194–195; 8021:, pp. 192–193; 7893:, pp. 124–127; 7837:, pp. 173–174; 7813:, pp. 170–171; 7769:, pp. 113–114; 7765:, pp. 168–170; 7745:, pp. 111–113; 7709:, pp. 110–111; 7705:, pp. 165–166; 7653:, pp. 108–109; 7629:, pp. 161–162; 7410:, pp. 138–139; 7338:, pp. 122–123; 7182:, pp. 119–120; 7126:, pp. 118–119; 7102:, pp. 116–117; 7046:, pp. 113–115; 7034:, pp. 129, 132. 6970:, pp. 105–106; 6918:, pp. 104–105; 6894:, pp. 103–104; 4051:Toussaint Louverture 3943:British constitution 3767:Classical radicalism 3509:Republic of Florence 3448:Democracy in America 2607:Separation of powers 2582:Public participation 2425:Antonio Herrera Toro 2264:Andrés de Santa Cruz 2046:Guayaquil Conference 1959:a new congress there 1798:José Hilarión Ibarra 1537:, and from there to 1535:Barcelona, Venezuela 1530:, where Boves died. 1487:Martín Tovar y Tovar 1446:from the Royalists. 1371:Marquis de Casa León 1184:Venezuela: 1811–1812 1045:Francisco de Miranda 1038:Martín Tovar y Tovar 1034:Francisco de Miranda 734:Francisco de Andújar 524:Republic of Colombia 519:liberate New Granada 417:Liberator of America 187:President of Bolivia 16198:Venezuelan soldiers 16163:Venezuelan generals 16133:People from Caracas 15757:Mercosur Parliament 15292:Bustamante y Rivero 14952:Salazar y Baquíjano 13622:José Vicente Concha 13592:Miguel Antonio Caro 13534:Manuel Murillo Toro 13509:Manuel Murillo Toro 13476:Juan José Nieto Gil 13066:Cultural depictions 12995:Cartagena Manifesto 12074:, pp. 305–306. 12050:, pp. 460–463. 11802:, pp. 285–286. 11774:, pp. 16, 18; 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Two days later, 2327: 2321:The window of the 2246:a modified version 2182: 2178:José Gil de Castro 2144:Battle of Ayacucho 2034: 1999:José de San Martín 1963:Battle of Carabobo 1952:Miguel de la Torre 1823:British government 1815: 1751:San Juan de Payara 1704:Battle of Clarines 1620: 1593:besieged Cartagena 1490: 1460:Admirable Campaign 1332:divine retribution 1197: 1105:with his brother, 1041: 944:I swear before you 917:Vicente Rocafuerte 913:Carlos de Montúfar 859: 782: 780:of Bolívar in 1800 778:Miniature portrait 210:Office established 66:Simone de Beauvoir 15845: 15844: 15839: 15838: 15722:Bank of the South 15717:Andean Parliament 15419: 15418: 14937:Bernardo de Tagle 14922:Bernardo de Tagle 14858: 14857: 14826: 14825: 14335:Enrique Peñaranda 14218:Bautista Saavedra 14179:Eliodoro Villazón 14153:José Manuel Pando 14010:Mariano Melgarejo 13853:Pedro Blanco Soto 13760: 13759: 13438:José María Obando 13225: 13224: 13212:Quinta de Bolívar 13190: 13189: 13037: 13036: 13007:Angostura Address 12926: 12925: 12878:José Antonio Páez 12710: 12709: 12701:Succeeded by 12682:Succeeded by 12619:"Bolívar y Ponte" 12610:978-0-901145-54-3 12578:978-0-19-508402-3 12559:Bushnell, David. 12529:978-0-8130-5449-0 12506:978-1-85728-783-7 12483:978-3-030-26217-4 12409:, pp. 75–98. 12400:, pp. 55–72. 12391:, pp. 35–54. 12382:, pp. 13–34. 12366:978-0-7425-5619-5 12299:General reference 12289:978-0-19-514480-2 12263:978-1-84467-381-0 12231:978-1-58544-239-3 12208:978-0-8263-0131-4 12181:978-0-300-12604-4 12151:978-0-7425-6655-2 12128:978-1-4391-1020-1 12084:Gómez Pernia 2017 11778:, pp. 38–40. 11694:, pp. 57–58. 11658:, pp. 58–59. 11646:, pp. 28–38. 10132:, pp. 81–82. 10000:, pp. 28–88. 7418:, pp. 76–78. 7386:, pp. 77–78. 6629:, pp. 91–92. 6453:, pp. 88–91. 6349:, pp. 87–88. 6217:, pp. 96–97. 6197:, pp. 53–54. 6121:, pp. 93–94. 6101:, pp. 52–53. 6081:, pp. 88–90. 6045:, pp. 87–88. 5941:, pp. 84–86. 5905:, pp. 83–84. 5885:, pp. 82–83. 5845:, pp. 46–47. 5829:, pp. 79–80. 5793:, pp. 77–78. 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14270:Daniel Salamanca 14268: 14255: 14242: 14229: 14216: 14203: 14190: 14177: 14164: 14151: 14140:Severo Fernández 14138: 14127:Mariano Baptista 14125: 14112: 14101:Gregorio Pacheco 14099: 14086: 14073: 14060: 14049:Adolfo Ballivián 14047: 14034: 14021: 14008: 13995: 13982: 13969: 13956: 13943: 13932:Eusebio Guilarte 13930: 13917: 13908: 13901:Sebastián Ágreda 13899: 13886: 13873: 13860: 13851: 13838: 13829: 13820: 13811: 13802: 13801: 13787: 13780: 13773: 13764: 13763: 13529:Eustorgio Salgar 13524:Santos Gutiérrez 13380:Joaquín Mosquera 13355: 13265: 13258: 13251: 13242: 13241: 13229: 13228: 13152:(2019 TV series) 13133:Bolívar el héroe 13071: 13070: 12988:Bolivarian canon 12985: 12984: 12952:Battle of Boyacá 12932:Battles and wars 12848: 12840:Hipólita Bolívar 12833: 12822: 12811: 12788: 12777: 12754: 12753: 12736: 12729: 12722: 12713: 12712: 12660: 12659: 12634:18#3 (Feb 2020) 12546: 12533: 12510: 12487: 12464: 12462: 12460: 12419: 12410: 12401: 12392: 12383: 12370: 12351: 12308:The Global South 12293: 12267: 12235: 12212: 12196: 12185: 12169: 12155: 12132: 12116: 12087: 12081: 12075: 12069: 12063: 12057: 12051: 12033: 12027: 12013: 12007: 12001: 11995: 11994: 11992: 11990: 11971: 11965: 11959: 11953: 11952: 11950: 11948: 11928: 11922: 11916: 11910: 11900: 11894: 11885:, pp. 3–8; 11880: 11874: 11868: 11862: 11856: 11850: 11844: 11838: 11832: 11823: 11809: 11803: 11797: 11791: 11785: 11779: 11769: 11763: 11757: 11751: 11745: 11739: 11733: 11727: 11717: 11711: 11701: 11695: 11681: 11675: 11665: 11659: 11653: 11647: 11641: 11635: 11629: 11623: 11613: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11602: 11580: 11574: 11573: 11571: 11569: 11560:. Archived from 11547: 11541: 11540: 11538: 11536: 11527:. 26 July 2011. 11515: 11509: 11508: 11506: 11504: 11482: 11476: 11475: 11473: 11471: 11449: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11435: 11413: 11407: 11406: 11404: 11402: 11397:on 30 March 2012 11383: 11377: 11376: 11374: 11372: 11350: 11344: 11330: 11324: 11310: 11304: 11286: 11280: 11266: 11260: 11242: 11236: 11226: 11220: 11206: 11200: 11178: 11172: 11162: 11156: 11142: 11136: 11118: 11112: 11094: 11088: 11066: 11060: 11046: 11040: 11018: 11012: 11002: 10996: 10978: 10972: 10954: 10948: 10938: 10932: 10914: 10908: 10886: 10880: 10870: 10864: 10846: 10840: 10826: 10820: 10806: 10800: 10782: 10776: 10762: 10756: 10746: 10740: 10730: 10724: 10710: 10704: 10703: 10701: 10699: 10684: 10678: 10664: 10658: 10640: 10634: 10624: 10618: 10600: 10594: 10588: 10582: 10576: 10570: 10552: 10546: 10536: 10530: 10520: 10514: 10496: 10487: 10477: 10471: 10461: 10455: 10449: 10440: 10418: 10412: 10402: 10396: 10390: 10384: 10370: 10364: 10350: 10344: 10338: 10329: 10311: 10305: 10287: 10281: 10271: 10265: 10251: 10245: 10231: 10225: 10219: 10213: 10203: 10197: 10179: 10173: 10167: 10161: 10139: 10133: 10115: 10109: 10095: 10089: 10071: 10065: 10043: 10037: 10023: 10017: 10007: 10001: 9979: 9973: 9959: 9953: 9935: 9929: 9923: 9914: 9896: 9890: 9880: 9874: 9856: 9850: 9836: 9830: 9816: 9810: 9800: 9794: 9788: 9782: 9768: 9762: 9744: 9738: 9728: 9722: 9712: 9706: 9696: 9690: 9684: 9675: 9669: 9663: 9645: 9639: 9625: 9619: 9613: 9607: 9593: 9587: 9577: 9571: 9557: 9551: 9545: 9539: 9521: 9515: 9501: 9495: 9477: 9471: 9465: 9459: 9441: 9435: 9425: 9419: 9405: 9399: 9389: 9383: 9365: 9359: 9345: 9339: 9321: 9315: 9305: 9299: 9285: 9279: 9265: 9259: 9245: 9239: 9225: 9219: 9213: 9207: 9185: 9179: 9169: 9163: 9153: 9147: 9129: 9123: 9113: 9107: 9097: 9091: 9085: 9079: 9065: 9059: 9049: 9043: 9037: 9031: 9021: 9015: 8997: 8991: 8973: 8967: 8961: 8955: 8941: 8935: 8925: 8919: 8905: 8899: 8881: 8875: 8869: 8858: 8848: 8842: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8806: 8788: 8782: 8776: 8770: 8752: 8746: 8736: 8730: 8724: 8718: 8708: 8702: 8696: 8690: 8684: 8678: 8664: 8658: 8652: 8646: 8632: 8626: 8612: 8606: 8592: 8586: 8568: 8562: 8548: 8542: 8524: 8518: 8508: 8502: 8496: 8490: 8472: 8466: 8456: 8450: 8436: 8430: 8420: 8414: 8404: 8398: 8392: 8386: 8372: 8366: 8356: 8350: 8336: 8330: 8320: 8314: 8304: 8298: 8280: 8274: 8264: 8258: 8244: 8238: 8232: 8226: 8212: 8206: 8196: 8190: 8180: 8174: 8160: 8154: 8132: 8126: 8112: 8106: 8092: 8086: 8072: 8066: 8060: 8054: 8036: 8030: 8016: 8010: 7988: 7982: 7968: 7962: 7948: 7942: 7924: 7918: 7912: 7906: 7884: 7878: 7868: 7862: 7856: 7850: 7832: 7826: 7808: 7802: 7788: 7782: 7760: 7754: 7740: 7734: 7720: 7714: 7700: 7694: 7684: 7678: 7664: 7658: 7648: 7642: 7624: 7618: 7608: 7602: 7596: 7590: 7584: 7578: 7560: 7551: 7545: 7539: 7525: 7519: 7505: 7499: 7493: 7487: 7473: 7467: 7457: 7451: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7405: 7399: 7393: 7387: 7381: 7375: 7369: 7363: 7357: 7351: 7333: 7327: 7317: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7289: 7283: 7277: 7271: 7253: 7247: 7241: 7235: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7177: 7171: 7157: 7151: 7141: 7135: 7121: 7115: 7097: 7091: 7077: 7071: 7065: 7059: 7041: 7035: 7025: 7019: 7009: 7003: 6989: 6983: 6965: 6959: 6949: 6943: 6933: 6927: 6913: 6907: 6889: 6883: 6873: 6867: 6853: 6847: 6833: 6827: 6813: 6807: 6793: 6787: 6773: 6767: 6757: 6751: 6737: 6731: 6725: 6714: 6708: 6702: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6654: 6636: 6630: 6624: 6618: 6612: 6606: 6596: 6590: 6580: 6574: 6556: 6550: 6528: 6522: 6516: 6510: 6500: 6494: 6484: 6478: 6472: 6466: 6460: 6454: 6448: 6442: 6428: 6422: 6400: 6394: 6388: 6382: 6372: 6366: 6356: 6350: 6344: 6338: 6328: 6322: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6284: 6278: 6272: 6266: 6260: 6254: 6248: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6224: 6218: 6204: 6198: 6184: 6178: 6164: 6158: 6144: 6138: 6128: 6122: 6108: 6102: 6088: 6082: 6068: 6062: 6052: 6046: 6024: 6018: 6012: 6006: 5992: 5986: 5976: 5970: 5964: 5958: 5948: 5942: 5928: 5922: 5912: 5906: 5892: 5886: 5872: 5866: 5852: 5846: 5836: 5830: 5820: 5814: 5800: 5794: 5776: 5770: 5760: 5754: 5740: 5734: 5724: 5718: 5712: 5706: 5692: 5686: 5676: 5670: 5652: 5646: 5640: 5634: 5620: 5614: 5604: 5598: 5580: 5574: 5564: 5558: 5540: 5534: 5520: 5514: 5504: 5498: 5476: 5470: 5460: 5454: 5444: 5438: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5388: 5382: 5368: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5328: 5322: 5308: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5280: 5274: 5260: 5254: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5193: 5179: 5173: 5159: 5153: 5139: 5133: 5123: 5117: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5073: 5067: 5061: 5043: 5037: 5023: 5017: 5007: 5001: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4959: 4953: 4943: 4937: 4927: 4921: 4903: 4897: 4883: 4877: 4863: 4854: 4844: 4838: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4806: 4788: 4782: 4772: 4766: 4752: 4746: 4732: 4726: 4716: 4710: 4704: 4698: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4667: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4632: 4618: 4612: 4602: 4596: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4534: 4528: 4518: 4512: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4466: 4460: 4446: 4440: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4366:. Archived from 4354:"Bolívar, Simón" 4350: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4330:. Archived from 4314: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4266:Congress of Peru 4258: 4241: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4223: 4221: 4219:[siˈmon] 4212:. In isolation, 4211: 4210: 4209: 4203: 4198: 4191: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4156: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4130: 4125: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4099: 4094: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4034:Bogotá residence 4031: 3965: 3961:Robert T. Conn, 3897:, and formed by 3883: 3876: 3869: 3855: 3854: 3839:Republican Party 3817:Peasant republic 3777:Communitarianism 3494:Classical Athens 3489: 3463: 3453: 3443: 3433: 3423: 3413: 3403: 3393: 3383: 3373: 3363: 3353: 3343: 3333: 2567:Mixed government 2501: 2500: 2497:Personal beliefs 2457: 2415:Death and burial 2406: 2386:House of Bourbon 2375:Battle of Tarqui 2371:Juan José Flores 2243: 2227:Empire of Brazil 2205:, named Bolívar 2187:Joseph Lancaster 2156: 2121: 2089:José de la Serna 2065: 2054:José de Canterac 2020: 1977:; Quito and the 1949: 1930: 1910: 1875:Battle of Boyacá 1836: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1782: 1767: 1728:leave of absence 1648:Alexandre Pétion 1616:Arturo Michelena 1601: 1578: 1547:Margarita Island 1524:José Tomás Boves 1414: 1390:José Félix Ribas 1379: 1368: 1321: 1316: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1278: 1263: 1252: 1155: 1145:with the lawyer 1093: 1065:Washington, D.C. 1002:, French writer 954: 947: 910: 891: 815:Puerta de Toledo 798:. He arrived in 770:, Manuel Mallo. 757: 742: 719: 704: 692:Miguel José Sanz 681: 669: 654: 643: 632: 617: 580: 569: 511:Alexandre Pétion 382: 378: 362: 345:Domestic partner 338: 336: 279: 267: 264:17 December 1830 246: 244: 232:Personal details 218: 206: 197: 175: 163: 154: 132: 120: 111: 87: 73: 72: 21: 16223: 16222: 16218: 16217: 16216: 16214: 16213: 16212: 16033: 16032: 16031: 16027:from Wikisource 16021: 16016: 16014: 16004: 15999: 15997: 15987: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15973:sister projects 15970:at Knowledge's 15964: 15954: 15952: 15942: 15940: 15930: 15928: 15918: 15916: 15906: 15904: 15894: 15892: 15882: 15880: 15870: 15868: 15858: 15856: 15848: 15846: 15841: 15840: 15835: 15814: 15766: 15705: 15656:Andean passport 15644: 15590:Lima Group (LG) 15565:Contadora group 15518: 15455: 15453:Pan-Americanism 15450: 15420: 15415: 15406: 15312:Prado Ugarteche 15287:Prado Ugarteche 15242:Pardo y Barreda 15222:Pardo y Barreda 15152:García Calderón 15127:F. Diez Canseco 15112:P. Diez Canseco 15102:P. Diez Canseco 15082:P. Diez Canseco 14898: 14889: 14859: 14854: 14822: 14813: 14812: 14799: 14786: 14773: 14760: 14747: 14734: 14721: 14708: 14695: 14682: 14669: 14656: 14643: 14630: 14617: 14604: 14595:Alberto Natusch 14591: 14578: 14565: 14552: 14539: 14526: 14513: 14500: 14491:René Barrientos 14487: 14474: 14465:René Barrientos 14461: 14448: 14435: 14422: 14409: 14396: 14387:Enrique Hertzog 14383: 14370: 14357: 14344: 14331: 14318: 14305: 14292: 14279: 14266: 14253: 14240: 14227: 14214: 14201: 14188: 14175: 14162: 14149: 14136: 14123: 14110: 14097: 14088:Narciso Campero 14084: 14071: 14058: 14045: 14032: 14023:Agustín Morales 14019: 14006: 13993: 13980: 13967: 13954: 13941: 13928: 13915: 13906: 13897: 13884: 13871: 13858: 13849: 13836: 13827: 13818: 13809: 13796: 13791: 13761: 13756: 13573: 13490: 13471:Bartolomé Calvo 13452: 13443:José María Melo 13399: 13395:Domingo Caycedo 13385:Rafael Urdaneta 13356: 13347: 13323:Joaquin Camacho 13288:José Miguel Pey 13274: 13269: 13234: 13226: 13221: 13186: 13155: 13088: 13060: 13033: 13012: 12976: 12922: 12891:North American: 12886:Simón Rodríguez 12863:Latin American: 12851: 12842: 12827: 12816: 12805: 12782: 12771: 12745: 12740: 12706: 12697: 12687: 12685:Domingo Caycedo 12678: 12644: 12632:History Compass 12556: 12554:Further reading 12551: 12530: 12507: 12484: 12458: 12456: 12367: 12301: 12296: 12290: 12272:Bushnell, David 12264: 12243: 12238: 12232: 12209: 12182: 12152: 12129: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12090: 12082: 12078: 12070: 12066: 12058: 12054: 12034: 12030: 12014: 12010: 12002: 11998: 11988: 11986: 11973: 11972: 11968: 11960: 11956: 11946: 11944: 11929: 11925: 11917: 11913: 11901: 11897: 11893:, pp. 4–6. 11881: 11877: 11869: 11865: 11857: 11853: 11845: 11841: 11833: 11826: 11814:, p. 484; 11810: 11806: 11798: 11794: 11786: 11782: 11770: 11766: 11758: 11754: 11746: 11742: 11734: 11730: 11718: 11714: 11702: 11698: 11682: 11678: 11666: 11662: 11654: 11650: 11642: 11638: 11630: 11626: 11614: 11610: 11600: 11598: 11581: 11577: 11567: 11565: 11564:on 2 April 2023 11548: 11544: 11534: 11532: 11517: 11516: 11512: 11502: 11500: 11483: 11479: 11469: 11467: 11450: 11443: 11433: 11431: 11414: 11410: 11400: 11398: 11385: 11384: 11380: 11370: 11368: 11351: 11347: 11331: 11327: 11319:, p. 278; 11315:, p. 487; 11311: 11307: 11287: 11283: 11275:, p. 275; 11267: 11263: 11251:, p. 290; 11243: 11239: 11231:, p. 274; 11227: 11223: 11215:, p. 273; 11207: 11203: 11195:, p. 105; 11179: 11175: 11167:, p. 267; 11163: 11159: 11143: 11139: 11119: 11115: 11107:, p. 103; 11095: 11091: 11067: 11063: 11055:, p. 237; 11051:, p. 276; 11047: 11043: 11035:, p. 102; 11019: 11015: 11007:, p. 274; 11003: 10999: 10979: 10975: 10967:, p. 228; 10963:, p. 272; 10955: 10951: 10943:, p. 436; 10939: 10935: 10915: 10911: 10895:, p. 270; 10887: 10883: 10875:, p. 270; 10871: 10867: 10847: 10843: 10835:, p. 218; 10827: 10823: 10815:, p. 268; 10811:, p. 426; 10807: 10803: 10783: 10779: 10767:, p. 406; 10763: 10759: 10751:, p. 394; 10747: 10743: 10735:, p. 201; 10731: 10727: 10711: 10707: 10697: 10695: 10686: 10685: 10681: 10673:, p. 257; 10665: 10661: 10649:, p. 257; 10641: 10637: 10625: 10621: 10601: 10597: 10589: 10585: 10577: 10573: 10553: 10549: 10541:, p. 252; 10537: 10533: 10525:, p. 252; 10521: 10517: 10509:, p. 193; 10505:, p. 251; 10501:, p. 376; 10497: 10490: 10482:, p. 376; 10478: 10474: 10466:, p. 375; 10462: 10458: 10450: 10443: 10419: 10415: 10403: 10399: 10391: 10387: 10371: 10367: 10359:, p. 244; 10355:, p. 362; 10351: 10347: 10339: 10332: 10320:, p. 185; 10312: 10308: 10296:, p. 185; 10288: 10284: 10276:, p. 356; 10272: 10268: 10252: 10248: 10240:, p. 241; 10236:, p. 353; 10232: 10228: 10220: 10216: 10208:, p. 243; 10204: 10200: 10180: 10176: 10168: 10164: 10140: 10136: 10128:, p. 172; 10124:, p. 235; 10120:, p. 331; 10116: 10112: 10104:, p. 235; 10100:, p. 331; 10096: 10092: 10080:, p. 234; 10072: 10068: 10048:, p. 327; 10044: 10040: 10028:, p. 327; 10024: 10020: 10008: 10004: 9992:, p. 170; 9984:, p. 325; 9980: 9976: 9968:, p. 168; 9964:, p. 320; 9960: 9956: 9948:, p. 169; 9944:, p. 226; 9936: 9932: 9924: 9917: 9905:, p. 221; 9901:, p. 321; 9897: 9893: 9885:, p. 312; 9881: 9877: 9869:, p. 167; 9861:, p. 317; 9857: 9853: 9837: 9833: 9825:, p. 222; 9821:, p. 317; 9817: 9813: 9801: 9797: 9789: 9785: 9777:, p. 224; 9769: 9765: 9753:, p. 221; 9745: 9741: 9733:, p. 221; 9729: 9725: 9713: 9709: 9701:, p. 221; 9697: 9693: 9685: 9678: 9670: 9666: 9646: 9642: 9634:, p. 218; 9630:, p. 304; 9626: 9622: 9614: 9610: 9602:, p. 216; 9594: 9590: 9582:, p. 303; 9578: 9574: 9566:, p. 138; 9562:, p. 211; 9558: 9554: 9546: 9542: 9534:, p. 137; 9526:, p. 297; 9522: 9518: 9510:, p. 209; 9506:, p. 297; 9502: 9498: 9478: 9474: 9466: 9462: 9454:, p. 136; 9450:, p. 204; 9442: 9438: 9426: 9422: 9410:, p. 290; 9406: 9402: 9394:, p. 290; 9390: 9386: 9378:, p. 134; 9374:, p. 198; 9370:, p. 284; 9366: 9362: 9350:, p. 283; 9346: 9342: 9322: 9318: 9310:, p. 195; 9306: 9302: 9294:, p. 131; 9286: 9282: 9274:, p. 130; 9270:, p. 280; 9266: 9262: 9250:, p. 276; 9246: 9242: 9234:, p. 130; 9230:, p. 193; 9226: 9222: 9214: 9210: 9186: 9182: 9174:, p. 128; 9170: 9166: 9158:, p. 166; 9154: 9150: 9142:, p. 128; 9138:, p. 184; 9134:, p. 264; 9130: 9126: 9118:, p. 184; 9114: 9110: 9102:, p. 127; 9098: 9094: 9086: 9082: 9070:, p. 127; 9066: 9062: 9054:, p. 183; 9050: 9046: 9038: 9034: 9026:, p. 176; 9022: 9018: 9010:, p. 127; 9006:, p. 183; 9002:, p. 263; 8998: 8994: 8986:, p. 126; 8974: 8970: 8962: 8958: 8950:, p. 180; 8946:, p. 254; 8942: 8938: 8930:, p. 246; 8926: 8922: 8906: 8902: 8894:, p. 119; 8890:, p. 180; 8886:, p. 245; 8882: 8878: 8870: 8861: 8853:, p. 244; 8849: 8845: 8825: 8821: 8813: 8809: 8801:, p. 116; 8797:, p. 173; 8789: 8785: 8777: 8773: 8765:, p. 115; 8753: 8749: 8737: 8733: 8725: 8721: 8713:, p. 163; 8709: 8705: 8697: 8693: 8685: 8681: 8673:, p. 157; 8669:, p. 215; 8665: 8661: 8653: 8649: 8641:, p. 160; 8637:, p. 220; 8633: 8629: 8613: 8609: 8601:, p. 106; 8597:, p. 217; 8593: 8589: 8581:, p. 104; 8577:, p. 156; 8569: 8565: 8549: 8545: 8533:, p. 155; 8529:, p. 211; 8525: 8521: 8513:, p. 210; 8509: 8505: 8497: 8493: 8481:, p. 153; 8473: 8469: 8461:, p. 210; 8457: 8453: 8445:, p. 102; 8441:, p. 153; 8437: 8433: 8421: 8417: 8409:, p. 152; 8405: 8401: 8393: 8389: 8381:, p. 102; 8373: 8369: 8357: 8353: 8341:, p. 203; 8337: 8333: 8325:, p. 203; 8321: 8317: 8309:, p. 146; 8305: 8301: 8293:, p. 101; 8289:, p. 146; 8285:, p. 203; 8281: 8277: 8265: 8261: 8253:, p. 101; 8249:, p. 202; 8245: 8241: 8233: 8229: 8213: 8209: 8201:, p. 197; 8197: 8193: 8185:, p. 142; 8181: 8177: 8165:, p. 197; 8161: 8157: 8145:, p. 100; 8133: 8129: 8121:, p. 100; 8113: 8109: 8101:, p. 100; 8097:, p. 195; 8093: 8089: 8073: 8069: 8061: 8057: 8045:, p. 130; 8041:, p. 193; 8037: 8033: 8025:, p. 130; 8017: 8013: 7997:, p. 130; 7993:, p. 192; 7989: 7985: 7973:, p. 129; 7969: 7965: 7953:, p. 191; 7949: 7945: 7933:, p. 129; 7929:, p. 183; 7925: 7921: 7913: 7909: 7885: 7881: 7873:, p. 116; 7869: 7865: 7857: 7853: 7841:, p. 115; 7833: 7829: 7817:, p. 114; 7809: 7805: 7793:, p. 114; 7789: 7785: 7761: 7757: 7741: 7737: 7725:, p. 167; 7721: 7717: 7701: 7697: 7689:, p. 163; 7685: 7681: 7669:, p. 109; 7665: 7661: 7649: 7645: 7633:, p. 108; 7625: 7621: 7613:, p. 108; 7609: 7605: 7597: 7593: 7585: 7581: 7569:, p. 106; 7565:, p. 161; 7561: 7554: 7546: 7542: 7526: 7522: 7506: 7502: 7494: 7490: 7474: 7470: 7462:, p. 135; 7458: 7454: 7442:, p. 140; 7438: 7434: 7426: 7422: 7406: 7402: 7394: 7390: 7382: 7378: 7370: 7366: 7358: 7354: 7334: 7330: 7318: 7314: 7306: 7302: 7290: 7286: 7278: 7274: 7258:, p. 129; 7254: 7250: 7242: 7238: 7218:, p. 124; 7214: 7210: 7202: 7198: 7178: 7174: 7162:, p. 119; 7158: 7154: 7142: 7138: 7122: 7118: 7098: 7094: 7082:, p. 116; 7078: 7074: 7066: 7062: 7042: 7038: 7026: 7022: 7010: 7006: 6990: 6986: 6966: 6962: 6954:, p. 105; 6950: 6946: 6938:, p. 105; 6934: 6930: 6914: 6910: 6890: 6886: 6874: 6870: 6854: 6850: 6838:, p. 103; 6834: 6830: 6818:, p. 101; 6814: 6810: 6798:, p. 100; 6794: 6790: 6774: 6770: 6758: 6754: 6738: 6734: 6726: 6717: 6709: 6705: 6685: 6681: 6673: 6669: 6661: 6657: 6637: 6633: 6625: 6621: 6613: 6609: 6597: 6593: 6581: 6577: 6557: 6553: 6529: 6525: 6517: 6513: 6501: 6497: 6485: 6481: 6473: 6469: 6461: 6457: 6449: 6445: 6429: 6425: 6401: 6397: 6389: 6385: 6373: 6369: 6357: 6353: 6345: 6341: 6329: 6325: 6313: 6309: 6301: 6297: 6285: 6281: 6273: 6269: 6261: 6257: 6249: 6245: 6237: 6233: 6225: 6221: 6205: 6201: 6185: 6181: 6165: 6161: 6145: 6141: 6129: 6125: 6109: 6105: 6089: 6085: 6069: 6065: 6053: 6049: 6025: 6021: 6013: 6009: 5993: 5989: 5977: 5973: 5965: 5961: 5949: 5945: 5929: 5925: 5913: 5909: 5893: 5889: 5873: 5869: 5853: 5849: 5837: 5833: 5821: 5817: 5801: 5797: 5777: 5773: 5761: 5757: 5741: 5737: 5725: 5721: 5713: 5709: 5693: 5689: 5677: 5673: 5653: 5649: 5641: 5637: 5621: 5617: 5605: 5601: 5581: 5577: 5565: 5561: 5541: 5537: 5521: 5517: 5509:, p. 114; 5505: 5501: 5477: 5473: 5461: 5457: 5445: 5441: 5429: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5389: 5385: 5369: 5365: 5357: 5353: 5329: 5325: 5309: 5305: 5297: 5293: 5281: 5277: 5261: 5257: 5245: 5241: 5233: 5229: 5217: 5213: 5205: 5196: 5180: 5176: 5160: 5156: 5140: 5136: 5124: 5120: 5104: 5100: 5092: 5088: 5080: 5076: 5068: 5064: 5044: 5040: 5024: 5020: 5008: 5004: 4992: 4988: 4980: 4976: 4960: 4956: 4944: 4940: 4928: 4924: 4904: 4900: 4884: 4880: 4864: 4857: 4845: 4841: 4825: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4789: 4785: 4773: 4769: 4753: 4749: 4733: 4729: 4717: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4689: 4685: 4677: 4670: 4654: 4650: 4642: 4635: 4619: 4615: 4603: 4599: 4579: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4555: 4551: 4535: 4531: 4519: 4515: 4507:, p. xix; 4503:, p. 311; 4499: 4495: 4487: 4483: 4467: 4463: 4447: 4443: 4439:, pp. 8–9. 4427: 4423: 4415: 4411: 4407:, pp. 6–8. 4395:, p. 311; 4387: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4316: 4315: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4205: 4204: 4196: 4189: 4160: 4151: 4150: 4142: 4139: 4127: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4085: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4064: 4042: 4025: 3967: 3960: 3951: 3935:Catholic Church 3915:Baron d'Holbach 3887: 3849: 3844: 3843: 3762: 3754: 3753: 3657: 3649: 3648: 3534:Trienio Liberal 3475: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3451: 3441: 3431: 3421: 3411: 3401: 3391: 3381: 3371: 3361: 3351: 3341: 3331: 3322: 3314: 3313: 3049:Flynn (Stephen) 2934: 2926: 2925: 2766: 2758: 2757: 2683: 2675: 2674: 2630: 2622: 2621: 2617:Social equality 2612:Social contract 2602:Self-governance 2557:Democratization 2532:Anti-corruption 2527:Anti-monarchism 2522: 2506:Politics series 2499: 2451: 2417: 2409:Domingo Caycedo 2400: 2278: 2272: 2237: 2150: 2128:Battle of Junín 2115: 2085:Viceroy of Peru 2059: 2014: 2008:Pyrrhic victory 2003:liberated Chile 1975:Pasto, Colombia 1971: 1943: 1924: 1904: 1830: 1811: 1800: 1790: 1776: 1761: 1720:Rafael Urdaneta 1608: 1595: 1572: 1528:Battle of Urica 1510:Santiago Mariño 1483:Santiago Mariño 1421:Magdalena River 1408: 1373: 1362: 1356: 1323: 1310: 1305: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1272: 1257: 1255:Marquis of Toro 1246: 1186: 1149: 1130:regency council 1119:Vicente Emparán 1087: 1026: 1020: 966:. Beginning in 956: 952: 945: 937:Spanish America 904: 885: 847: 790:at the port of 751: 736: 722:Simón Rodríguez 713: 698: 688: 675: 663: 648: 637: 626: 620:legal guardians 611: 574: 563: 549: 485:forces for the 380: 376: 340: 332: 328: 325: 312: 277: 269: 265: 248: 242: 240: 216: 204: 198: 193: 173: 161: 155: 150: 136:Domingo Caycedo 130: 118: 112: 107: 90: 78: 69: 62: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16221: 16211: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16170: 16165: 16160: 16155: 16150: 16145: 16140: 16135: 16130: 16125: 16120: 16115: 16110: 16108:Bolívar family 16105: 16100: 16095: 16090: 16085: 16080: 16075: 16070: 16065: 16060: 16055: 16050: 16045: 16030: 16029: 16012: 16010:from Wikiquote 15995: 15966: 15963: 15962: 15950: 15938: 15926: 15914: 15902: 15890: 15878: 15866: 15843: 15842: 15837: 15836: 15834: 15833: 15828: 15822: 15820: 15816: 15815: 15813: 15812: 15807: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15787: 15782: 15776: 15774: 15768: 15767: 15765: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15744: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15713: 15711: 15707: 15706: 15704: 15703: 15698: 15693: 15688: 15683: 15678: 15673: 15668: 15663: 15658: 15652: 15650: 15646: 15645: 15643: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15526: 15524: 15520: 15519: 15517: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15496: 15491: 15484: 15479: 15474: 15469: 15463: 15461: 15457: 15456: 15449: 15448: 15441: 15434: 15426: 15417: 15416: 15409: 15407: 15405: 15404: 15399: 15394: 15389: 15384: 15379: 15374: 15369: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15349: 15344: 15342:Belaúnde Terry 15339: 15334: 15329: 15327:Belaúnde Terry 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15274: 15272:Samanez Ocampo 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14903: 14900: 14899: 14888: 14887: 14880: 14873: 14865: 14856: 14855: 14853: 14852: 14842: 14831: 14828: 14827: 14824: 14823: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14810: 14797: 14784: 14771: 14758: 14745: 14732: 14719: 14706: 14693: 14680: 14667: 14654: 14641: 14634:Celso Torrelio 14628: 14615: 14602: 14589: 14582:Wálter Guevara 14576: 14563: 14550: 14537: 14524: 14511: 14498: 14485: 14472: 14459: 14446: 14433: 14420: 14413:Hugo Ballivián 14407: 14394: 14381: 14368: 14361:Néstor Guillén 14355: 14342: 14329: 14316: 14303: 14290: 14277: 14264: 14251: 14238: 14225: 14212: 14199: 14186: 14173: 14160: 14147: 14134: 14121: 14108: 14095: 14082: 14069: 14056: 14043: 14030: 14017: 14004: 13991: 13978: 13965: 13952: 13939: 13926: 13919:José Ballivián 13913: 13904: 13895: 13882: 13869: 13856: 13847: 13834: 13825: 13816: 13806: 13805: 13798: 13797: 13790: 13789: 13782: 13775: 13767: 13758: 13757: 13755: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13727:Ernesto Samper 13724: 13719: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13672:Laureano Gómez 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13583: 13581: 13575: 13574: 13572: 13571: 13566: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13500: 13498: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13462: 13460: 13454: 13453: 13451: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13409: 13407: 13401: 13400: 13398: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13366: 13364: 13358: 13357: 13350: 13348: 13346: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13284: 13282: 13276: 13275: 13268: 13267: 13260: 13253: 13245: 13239: 13236: 13235: 13223: 13222: 13220: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13198: 13196: 13192: 13191: 13188: 13187: 13185: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13163: 13161: 13157: 13156: 13154: 13153: 13145: 13137: 13129: 13125:Bolívar soy yo 13121: 13113: 13105: 13096: 13094: 13090: 13089: 13087: 13086: 13077: 13075: 13068: 13062: 13061: 13059: 13058: 13053: 13047: 13045: 13039: 13038: 13035: 13034: 13032: 13031: 13026: 13020: 13018: 13014: 13013: 13011: 13010: 13004: 13001:Jamaica Letter 12998: 12991: 12989: 12982: 12978: 12977: 12975: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12936: 12934: 12928: 12927: 12924: 12923: 12921: 12920: 12914:George Canning 12900: 12898:Andrew Jackson 12888: 12859: 12857: 12856:Contemporaries 12853: 12852: 12850: 12849: 12834: 12797: 12789: 12762: 12760: 12751: 12747: 12746: 12739: 12738: 12731: 12724: 12716: 12708: 12707: 12702: 12699: 12689: 12688: 12683: 12680: 12671: 12665: 12664: 12658: 12657: 12643: 12642:External links 12640: 12639: 12638: 12628: 12612: 12598: 12591: 12580: 12566: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12549: 12548: 12547: 12535: 12534: 12528: 12511: 12505: 12488: 12482: 12465: 12435:(in Spanish). 12423: 12422: 12421: 12420: 12411: 12402: 12393: 12384: 12372: 12371: 12365: 12352: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12294: 12288: 12274:, ed. (2003). 12268: 12262: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12236: 12230: 12213: 12207: 12186: 12180: 12156: 12150: 12133: 12127: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12089: 12088: 12086:, p. 206. 12076: 12064: 12062:, p. 111. 12052: 12028: 12026:, p. 458. 12008: 11996: 11966: 11964:, p. 302. 11954: 11923: 11911: 11909:, p. 459. 11895: 11875: 11863: 11851: 11849:, p. 460. 11839: 11824: 11804: 11792: 11780: 11764: 11752: 11740: 11728: 11712: 11696: 11676: 11660: 11648: 11636: 11624: 11608: 11575: 11542: 11510: 11477: 11441: 11426:(in Spanish). 11408: 11378: 11345: 11325: 11323:, p. 456. 11305: 11281: 11261: 11237: 11235:, p. 439. 11221: 11201: 11173: 11157: 11137: 11113: 11089: 11061: 11059:, p. 393. 11041: 11013: 11011:, p. 231. 10997: 10973: 10949: 10947:, p. 272. 10933: 10927:, p. 99; 10909: 10903:, p. 99; 10881: 10879:, p. 367. 10865: 10841: 10821: 10801: 10777: 10757: 10755:, p. 264. 10741: 10725: 10723:, p. 201. 10705: 10679: 10677:, p. 200. 10659: 10635: 10619: 10617:, p. 339. 10595: 10591:McFarlane 2014 10583: 10579:McFarlane 2014 10571: 10547: 10545:, p. 331. 10531: 10529:, p. 193. 10515: 10513:, p. 329. 10488: 10486:, p. 329. 10472: 10470:, p. 250. 10456: 10454:, p. 402. 10452:McFarlane 2014 10441: 10435:, p. 88; 10413: 10397: 10385: 10365: 10345: 10343:, p. 398. 10341:McFarlane 2014 10330: 10328:, p. 312. 10306: 10300:, p. 86; 10282: 10280:, p. 184. 10266: 10246: 10244:, p. 183. 10226: 10222:McFarlane 2014 10214: 10198: 10174: 10170:McFarlane 2014 10162: 10156:, p. 82; 10134: 10110: 10090: 10088:, p. 292. 10066: 10060:, p. 81; 10038: 10018: 10016:, p. 227. 10002: 9974: 9972:, p. 280. 9954: 9930: 9928:, p. 393. 9926:McFarlane 2014 9915: 9891: 9889:, p. 146. 9875: 9873:, p. 278. 9851: 9845:, p. 79; 9831: 9829:, p. 167. 9811: 9795: 9793:, p. 167. 9783: 9781:, p. 167. 9763: 9761:, p. 271. 9739: 9737:, p. 271. 9723: 9721:, p. 266. 9707: 9705:, p. 267. 9691: 9689:, p. 392. 9687:McFarlane 2014 9676: 9672:McFarlane 2014 9664: 9640: 9638:, p. 263. 9620: 9618:, p. 391. 9616:McFarlane 2014 9608: 9606:, p. 139. 9588: 9586:, p. 216. 9572: 9570:, p. 257. 9552: 9548:McFarlane 2014 9540: 9516: 9514:, p. 254. 9496: 9472: 9470:, p. 368. 9468:McFarlane 2014 9460: 9436: 9420: 9418:, p. 247. 9400: 9398:, p. 247. 9384: 9360: 9358:, p. 246. 9340: 9316: 9300: 9280: 9260: 9240: 9220: 9216:McFarlane 2014 9208: 9202:, p. 75; 9180: 9178:, p. 232. 9164: 9162:, p. 185. 9148: 9124: 9122:, p. 230. 9108: 9092: 9088:McFarlane 2014 9080: 9078:, p. 228. 9074:, p. 75; 9060: 9058:, p. 127. 9044: 9040:McFarlane 2014 9032: 9030:, p. 124. 9016: 8992: 8968: 8966:, p. 255. 8956: 8954:, p. 225. 8936: 8934:, p. 222. 8920: 8900: 8898:, p. 222. 8876: 8874:, p. 325. 8872:McFarlane 2014 8859: 8857:, p. 117. 8843: 8819: 8815:McFarlane 2014 8807: 8783: 8781:, p. 317. 8779:McFarlane 2014 8771: 8747: 8745:, p. 207. 8731: 8729:, p. 319. 8727:McFarlane 2014 8719: 8703: 8701:, p. 163. 8691: 8687:McFarlane 2014 8679: 8677:, p. 201. 8659: 8657:, p. 160. 8647: 8627: 8607: 8605:, p. 197. 8587: 8585:, p. 202. 8563: 8543: 8519: 8517:, p. 154. 8503: 8501:, p. 315. 8499:McFarlane 2014 8491: 8489:, p. 193. 8467: 8465:, p. 195. 8451: 8449:, p. 193. 8431: 8415: 8413:, p. 192. 8399: 8395:McFarlane 2014 8387: 8367: 8365:, p. 102. 8351: 8331: 8329:, p. 191. 8315: 8299: 8297:, p. 189. 8275: 8273:, p. 190. 8259: 8257:, p. 189. 8239: 8237:, p. 314. 8235:McFarlane 2014 8227: 8225:, p. 100. 8207: 8191: 8189:, p. 100. 8175: 8173:, p. 186. 8169:, p. 60; 8155: 8153:, p. 186. 8149:, p. 60; 8127: 8107: 8105:, p. 183. 8087: 8085:, p. 179. 8067: 8065:, p. 313. 8063:McFarlane 2014 8055: 8053:, p. 179. 8049:, p. 97; 8031: 8029:, p. 179. 8011: 8005:, p. 59; 8001:, p. 97; 7983: 7981:, p. 178. 7977:, p. 59; 7963: 7957:, p. 97; 7943: 7941:, p. 177. 7919: 7907: 7879: 7863: 7861:, p. 138. 7859:McFarlane 2014 7851: 7845:, p. 90; 7827: 7821:, p. 55; 7803: 7783: 7777:, p. 55; 7755: 7753:, p. 168. 7735: 7729:, p. 89; 7715: 7695: 7693:, p. 163. 7679: 7673:, p. 87; 7659: 7643: 7641:, p. 161. 7619: 7617:, p. 160. 7603: 7601:, p. 162. 7591: 7589:, p. 107. 7579: 7577:, p. 159. 7573:, p. 86; 7552: 7548:McFarlane 2014 7540: 7534:, p. 50; 7520: 7500: 7496:McFarlane 2014 7488: 7486:, p. 153. 7478:, p. 86; 7468: 7452: 7450:, p. 150. 7446:, p. 47; 7432: 7428:McFarlane 2014 7420: 7400: 7398:, p. 122. 7396:McFarlane 2014 7388: 7376: 7374:, p. 125. 7372:McFarlane 2014 7364: 7352: 7350:, p. 140. 7346:, p. 72; 7342:, p. 76; 7328: 7312: 7310:, p. 123. 7308:McFarlane 2014 7300: 7284: 7282:, p. 120. 7280:McFarlane 2014 7272: 7270:, p. 146. 7266:, p. 75; 7262:, p. 75; 7248: 7246:, p. 115. 7244:McFarlane 2014 7236: 7230:, p. 46; 7226:, p. 73; 7222:, p. 77; 7208: 7196: 7172: 7170:, p. 138. 7166:, p. 74; 7152: 7136: 7116: 7092: 7086:, p. 69; 7072: 7070:, p. 116. 7060: 7050:, p. 70; 7036: 7030:, p. 71; 7020: 7018:, p. 128. 7004: 6998:, p. 42; 6994:, p. 67; 6984: 6974:, p. 67; 6960: 6958:, p. 122. 6944: 6928: 6926:, p. 122. 6922:, p. 62; 6908: 6884: 6882:, p. 118. 6878:, p. 61; 6868: 6866:, p. 119. 6862:, p. 61; 6858:, p. 64; 6848: 6846:, p. 118. 6842:, p. 63; 6828: 6808: 6802:, p. 58; 6788: 6786:, p. 112. 6782:, p. 60; 6778:, p. 57; 6768: 6766:, p. 112. 6762:, p. 57; 6752: 6750:, p. 112. 6746:, p. 60; 6732: 6728:McFarlane 2014 6715: 6703: 6697:, p. 59; 6693:, p. 56; 6679: 6667: 6655: 6645:, p. 59; 6641:, p. 55; 6631: 6627:McFarlane 2014 6619: 6607: 6601:, p. 93; 6591: 6589:, p. 105. 6585:, p. 92; 6575: 6569:, p. 58; 6561:, p. 92; 6551: 6549:, p. 104. 6545:, p. 34; 6541:, p. 34; 6537:, p. 48; 6533:, p. 91; 6523: 6519:McFarlane 2014 6511: 6509:, p. 104. 6505:, p. 91; 6495: 6493:, p. 100. 6489:, p. 58; 6479: 6467: 6455: 6451:McFarlane 2014 6443: 6441:, p. 101. 6437:, p. 47; 6433:, p. 88; 6423: 6417:, p. 33; 6413:, p. 55; 6409:, p. 47; 6395: 6393:, p. 100. 6383: 6377:, p. 86; 6367: 6361:, p. 46; 6351: 6347:McFarlane 2014 6339: 6333:, p. 84; 6323: 6317:, p. 83; 6307: 6303:McFarlane 2014 6295: 6289:, p. 54; 6279: 6267: 6255: 6243: 6231: 6219: 6213:, p. 54; 6199: 6193:, p. 41; 6179: 6173:, p. 53; 6169:, p. 41; 6159: 6153:, p. 31; 6149:, p. 41; 6139: 6133:, p. 53; 6123: 6113:, p. 50; 6103: 6097:, p. 40; 6093:, p. 77; 6083: 6063: 6047: 6041:, p. 28; 6033:, p. 38; 6019: 6007: 6001:, p. 48; 5997:, p. 38; 5987: 5981:, p. 38; 5971: 5967:McFarlane 2014 5959: 5953:, p. 48; 5943: 5923: 5917:, p. 67; 5907: 5901:, p. 47; 5897:, p. 35; 5887: 5881:, p. 47; 5877:, p. 35; 5867: 5861:, p. 46; 5847: 5831: 5815: 5809:, p. 45; 5795: 5789:, p. 44; 5771: 5765:, p. 41; 5755: 5749:, p. 41; 5735: 5729:, p. 26; 5719: 5707: 5701:, p. 39; 5697:, p. 25; 5687: 5681:, p. 25; 5671: 5665:, p. 39; 5661:, p. 30; 5647: 5635: 5629:, p. 26; 5625:, p. 24; 5615: 5599: 5593:, p. 26; 5589:, p. 24; 5585:, p. 41; 5575: 5569:, p. 24; 5559: 5553:, p. 25; 5549:, p. 24; 5545:, p. 41; 5535: 5529:, p. 25; 5525:, p. 24; 5515: 5499: 5493:, p. 15; 5489:, p. 23; 5471: 5465:, p. 23; 5455: 5449:, p. 20; 5439: 5433:, p. 20; 5423: 5411: 5405:, p. 15; 5401:, p. 22; 5397:, p. 20; 5383: 5377:, p. 22; 5363: 5351: 5345:, p. 14; 5341:, p. 21; 5333:, p. 31; 5323: 5317:, p. 20; 5313:, p. 19; 5303: 5291: 5285:, p. 20; 5275: 5269:, p. 19; 5265:, p. 31; 5255: 5249:, p. 19; 5239: 5227: 5221:, p. 20; 5211: 5194: 5184:, p. 30; 5174: 5168:, p. 19; 5154: 5148:, p. 18; 5144:, p. 30; 5134: 5128:, p. 19; 5118: 5112:, p. 13; 5108:, p. 28; 5098: 5086: 5074: 5062: 5056:, p. 13; 5052:, p. 18; 5048:, p. 28; 5038: 5032:, p. 19; 5028:, p. 18; 5018: 5012:, p. 18; 5002: 4996:, p. 18; 4986: 4974: 4968:, p. 18; 4964:, p. 27; 4954: 4948:, p. 17; 4938: 4932:, p. 18; 4922: 4916:, p. 18; 4912:, p. 17; 4908:, p. 27; 4898: 4892:, p. 17; 4888:, p. 27; 4878: 4855: 4849:, p. 25; 4839: 4833:, p. 17; 4829:, p. 25; 4819: 4807: 4801:, p. 17; 4797:, p. 14; 4793:, p. 25; 4783: 4777:, p. 17; 4767: 4747: 4727: 4711: 4699: 4693:, p. 24; 4683: 4668: 4662:, p. 13; 4658:, p. 23; 4648: 4633: 4623:, p. 23; 4613: 4611:, p. xix. 4607:, p. 12; 4597: 4591:, p. 16; 4573: 4561: 4549: 4539:, p. 23; 4529: 4513: 4493: 4481: 4471:, p. 20; 4461: 4451:, p. 20; 4441: 4435:, p. 10; 4431:, p. 20; 4421: 4409: 4381: 4345: 4334:on 31 May 2019 4309: 4279: 4268:. 22 June 1827 4264:(in Spanish). 4252: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4233: 4224: 4089: 4079: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4041: 4038: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3878: 3871: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3846: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3787:Egalitarianism 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3763: 3761:Related topics 3760: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3732:United Kingdom 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3514:Dutch Republic 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3482: 3480:Roman Republic 3476: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3454: 3444: 3434: 3424: 3414: 3404: 3394: 3384: 3374: 3364: 3354: 3344: 3334: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2921:Wollstonecraft 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2498: 2495: 2416: 2413: 2381:in September. 2271: 2268: 2223:Cisplatine War 1970: 1967: 1789: 1786: 1743:Angostura fell 1716:Ciudad Bolívar 1696:third republic 1632:Renato Beluche 1628:Jamaica Letter 1607: 1604: 1417:Pierre Labatut 1355: 1352: 1340:Puerto Cabello 1282: 1185: 1182: 1022:Main article: 1019: 1016: 941: 846: 843: 687: 684: 592:Bolívar family 548: 545: 515:third republic 473:Bolívar began 454:that ended in 409:Spanish Empire 368: 367: 364: 363: 356: 352: 351: 346: 342: 341: 330: 326: 321: 320: 318: 314: 313: 311: 310: 307: 304: 297: 295: 291: 290: 285: 281: 280: 278:(now Colombia) 268:(aged 47) 262: 258: 257: 238: 234: 233: 229: 228: 225: 224: 219: 213: 212: 207: 201: 200: 190: 189: 182: 181: 179:José de La Mar 176: 170: 169: 164: 158: 157: 147: 146: 139: 138: 133: 127: 126: 121: 115: 114: 104: 103: 96: 95: 92: 91: 88: 80: 79: 76: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16220: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16159: 16156: 16154: 16151: 16149: 16146: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16099: 16096: 16094: 16091: 16089: 16086: 16084: 16081: 16079: 16076: 16074: 16071: 16069: 16066: 16064: 16061: 16059: 16056: 16054: 16051: 16049: 16046: 16044: 16043:Simón Bolívar 16041: 16040: 16038: 16026: 16025: 16013: 16009: 16008: 15996: 15992: 15991: 15979: 15978: 15975: 15969: 15968:Simón Bolívar 15961: 15951: 15949: 15939: 15937: 15927: 15925: 15924:Latin America 15915: 15913: 15903: 15901: 15891: 15889: 15879: 15877: 15867: 15865: 15855: 15854: 15851: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15823: 15821: 15817: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15777: 15775: 15773: 15769: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15714: 15712: 15708: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15653: 15651: 15647: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15527: 15525: 15523:Organizations 15521: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15500: 15497: 15495: 15494:Simón Bolívar 15492: 15490: 15489: 15488:Patria Grande 15485: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15464: 15462: 15458: 15454: 15447: 15442: 15440: 15435: 15433: 15428: 15427: 15424: 15413: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15393: 15390: 15388: 15385: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15277:Sánchez Cerro 15275: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15257:Sánchez Cerro 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14904: 14901: 14897: 14893: 14886: 14881: 14879: 14874: 14872: 14867: 14866: 14863: 14851: 14843: 14841: 14833: 14832: 14829: 14820: 14808: 14804: 14798: 14795: 14791: 14785: 14782: 14778: 14772: 14769: 14765: 14759: 14756: 14752: 14746: 14743: 14739: 14733: 14730: 14726: 14725:Jorge Quiroga 14720: 14717: 14713: 14707: 14704: 14700: 14694: 14691: 14687: 14681: 14678: 14674: 14668: 14665: 14661: 14655: 14652: 14648: 14647:Guido Vildoso 14642: 14639: 14635: 14629: 14626: 14622: 14616: 14613: 14609: 14603: 14600: 14596: 14590: 14587: 14583: 14577: 14574: 14570: 14569:David Padilla 14564: 14561: 14557: 14551: 14548: 14544: 14538: 14535: 14531: 14525: 14522: 14518: 14512: 14509: 14505: 14499: 14496: 14492: 14486: 14483: 14479: 14473: 14470: 14466: 14460: 14457: 14453: 14447: 14444: 14440: 14434: 14431: 14427: 14421: 14418: 14414: 14408: 14405: 14401: 14395: 14392: 14388: 14382: 14379: 14375: 14369: 14366: 14362: 14356: 14353: 14349: 14343: 14340: 14336: 14330: 14327: 14323: 14317: 14314: 14310: 14304: 14301: 14297: 14291: 14288: 14284: 14278: 14275: 14271: 14265: 14262: 14258: 14252: 14249: 14245: 14239: 14236: 14232: 14226: 14223: 14219: 14213: 14210: 14206: 14200: 14197: 14193: 14192:Ismael Montes 14187: 14184: 14180: 14174: 14171: 14167: 14166:Ismael Montes 14161: 14158: 14154: 14148: 14145: 14141: 14135: 14132: 14128: 14122: 14119: 14115: 14109: 14106: 14102: 14096: 14093: 14089: 14083: 14080: 14076: 14075:Hilarión Daza 14070: 14067: 14063: 14057: 14054: 14050: 14044: 14041: 14037: 14031: 14028: 14024: 14018: 14015: 14011: 14005: 14002: 13998: 13992: 13989: 13985: 13979: 13976: 13972: 13971:Jorge Córdova 13966: 13963: 13959: 13953: 13950: 13946: 13940: 13937: 13933: 13927: 13924: 13920: 13914: 13911: 13905: 13902: 13896: 13893: 13889: 13883: 13880: 13876: 13870: 13867: 13863: 13857: 13854: 13848: 13845: 13841: 13835: 13832: 13826: 13823: 13817: 13814: 13813:Simón Bolívar 13808: 13807: 13803: 13799: 13795: 13788: 13783: 13781: 13776: 13774: 13769: 13768: 13765: 13753: 13752:Gustavo Petro 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13722:César Gaviria 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13632:Jorge Holguín 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13584: 13582: 13580: 13576: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13544:Aquileo Parra 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13519:Santos Acosta 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13501: 13499: 13497: 13493: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13463: 13461: 13459: 13455: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13406: 13402: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13370:Simón Bolívar 13368: 13367: 13365: 13363: 13359: 13354: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13285: 13283: 13281: 13277: 13273: 13266: 13261: 13259: 13254: 13252: 13247: 13246: 13243: 13237: 13230: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13199: 13197: 13193: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13164: 13162: 13158: 13151: 13150: 13146: 13143: 13142: 13141:The Liberator 13138: 13135: 13134: 13130: 13127: 13126: 13122: 13119: 13118: 13114: 13111: 13110: 13109:Simón Bolívar 13106: 13103: 13102: 13101:Simón Bolívar 13098: 13097: 13095: 13091: 13084: 13083: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13063: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13051:Bolivarianism 13049: 13048: 13046: 13044: 13040: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13021: 13019: 13017:Constitutions 13015: 13008: 13005: 13002: 12999: 12996: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12986: 12983: 12979: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12957: 12953: 12949: 12945: 12941: 12938: 12937: 12935: 12933: 12929: 12919: 12915: 12911: 12907: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12895: 12892: 12889: 12887: 12883: 12879: 12875: 12871: 12867: 12864: 12861: 12860: 12858: 12854: 12846: 12841: 12838: 12835: 12831: 12826: 12820: 12815: 12809: 12804: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12790: 12786: 12781: 12775: 12770: 12767: 12764: 12763: 12761: 12759: 12755: 12752: 12748: 12744: 12743:Simón Bolívar 12737: 12732: 12730: 12725: 12723: 12718: 12717: 12714: 12705: 12696: 12695: 12690: 12686: 12677: 12676: 12670: 12666: 12661: 12655: 12651: 12650: 12646: 12645: 12637: 12633: 12629: 12626: 12625: 12620: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12607: 12603: 12600:Lynch, John. 12599: 12596: 12592: 12589: 12585: 12581: 12579: 12575: 12571: 12567: 12564: 12563: 12558: 12557: 12544: 12539: 12538: 12537: 12536: 12531: 12525: 12521: 12517: 12512: 12508: 12502: 12498: 12494: 12489: 12485: 12479: 12475: 12471: 12466: 12454: 12450: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12425: 12424: 12417: 12412: 12408: 12403: 12399: 12394: 12390: 12385: 12381: 12376: 12375: 12374: 12373: 12368: 12362: 12358: 12353: 12349: 12345: 12341: 12337: 12333: 12329: 12325: 12321: 12317: 12313: 12309: 12304: 12303: 12291: 12285: 12281: 12277: 12273: 12269: 12265: 12259: 12255: 12251: 12246: 12245: 12233: 12227: 12223: 12219: 12214: 12210: 12204: 12200: 12195: 12194: 12193:Simón Bolívar 12187: 12183: 12177: 12173: 12168: 12167: 12161: 12157: 12153: 12147: 12143: 12139: 12134: 12130: 12124: 12120: 12115: 12114: 12108: 12104: 12103: 12085: 12080: 12073: 12068: 12061: 12056: 12049: 12045: 12041: 12037: 12032: 12025: 12021: 12017: 12012: 12005: 12000: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11970: 11963: 11958: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11927: 11921:, p. 13. 11920: 11915: 11908: 11904: 11899: 11892: 11888: 11884: 11879: 11872: 11867: 11861:, p. 90. 11860: 11855: 11848: 11843: 11836: 11831: 11829: 11821: 11817: 11813: 11808: 11801: 11796: 11790:, p. 44. 11789: 11784: 11777: 11773: 11768: 11762:, p. 18. 11761: 11756: 11749: 11744: 11738:, p. 14. 11737: 11732: 11725: 11721: 11716: 11709: 11705: 11700: 11693: 11689: 11685: 11680: 11673: 11669: 11664: 11657: 11652: 11645: 11640: 11634:, p. 15. 11633: 11628: 11622:, p. 84. 11621: 11617: 11612: 11596: 11592: 11591: 11590:Time Magazine 11586: 11579: 11563: 11559: 11558: 11553: 11546: 11530: 11526: 11525: 11520: 11514: 11498: 11494: 11493: 11488: 11481: 11465: 11461: 11460: 11455: 11448: 11446: 11429: 11425: 11424: 11419: 11412: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11382: 11366: 11362: 11361: 11356: 11349: 11342: 11338: 11334: 11329: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11309: 11302: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11285: 11278: 11274: 11270: 11265: 11258: 11254: 11250: 11246: 11241: 11234: 11230: 11225: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11205: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11177: 11170: 11166: 11161: 11154: 11150: 11146: 11141: 11134: 11130: 11126: 11122: 11117: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11093: 11086: 11082: 11078: 11074: 11070: 11065: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11045: 11038: 11034: 11030: 11026: 11022: 11017: 11010: 11006: 11001: 10994: 10990: 10986: 10982: 10977: 10970: 10966: 10962: 10958: 10953: 10946: 10942: 10937: 10930: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10913: 10906: 10902: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10885: 10878: 10874: 10869: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10850: 10845: 10838: 10834: 10830: 10825: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10805: 10798: 10794: 10790: 10786: 10781: 10774: 10770: 10766: 10761: 10754: 10750: 10745: 10738: 10734: 10729: 10722: 10718: 10714: 10709: 10693: 10689: 10683: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10663: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10639: 10632: 10628: 10623: 10616: 10612: 10608: 10604: 10599: 10592: 10587: 10580: 10575: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10556: 10551: 10544: 10540: 10535: 10528: 10524: 10519: 10512: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10495: 10493: 10485: 10481: 10476: 10469: 10465: 10460: 10453: 10448: 10446: 10438: 10434: 10430: 10426: 10422: 10417: 10410: 10406: 10401: 10394: 10389: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10369: 10362: 10358: 10354: 10349: 10342: 10337: 10335: 10327: 10323: 10319: 10315: 10310: 10303: 10299: 10295: 10291: 10286: 10279: 10275: 10270: 10263: 10259: 10255: 10250: 10243: 10239: 10235: 10230: 10223: 10218: 10211: 10207: 10202: 10195: 10191: 10187: 10183: 10178: 10171: 10166: 10159: 10155: 10151: 10147: 10143: 10138: 10131: 10127: 10123: 10119: 10114: 10107: 10103: 10099: 10094: 10087: 10083: 10079: 10075: 10070: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10042: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10022: 10015: 10011: 10006: 9999: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9983: 9978: 9971: 9967: 9963: 9958: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9934: 9927: 9922: 9920: 9912: 9908: 9904: 9900: 9895: 9888: 9884: 9879: 9872: 9868: 9864: 9860: 9855: 9848: 9844: 9840: 9835: 9828: 9824: 9820: 9815: 9808: 9804: 9799: 9792: 9787: 9780: 9776: 9772: 9767: 9760: 9756: 9752: 9748: 9743: 9736: 9732: 9727: 9720: 9716: 9711: 9704: 9700: 9695: 9688: 9683: 9681: 9673: 9668: 9661: 9657: 9653: 9649: 9644: 9637: 9633: 9629: 9624: 9617: 9612: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9592: 9585: 9581: 9576: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9556: 9549: 9544: 9537: 9533: 9529: 9525: 9520: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9500: 9493: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9476: 9469: 9464: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9445: 9440: 9433: 9429: 9424: 9417: 9413: 9409: 9404: 9397: 9393: 9388: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9364: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9344: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9320: 9313: 9309: 9304: 9297: 9293: 9289: 9284: 9277: 9273: 9269: 9264: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9244: 9237: 9233: 9229: 9224: 9217: 9212: 9205: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9184: 9177: 9173: 9168: 9161: 9157: 9152: 9145: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9128: 9121: 9117: 9112: 9105: 9101: 9096: 9089: 9084: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9064: 9057: 9053: 9048: 9041: 9036: 9029: 9025: 9020: 9013: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8996: 8989: 8985: 8981: 8977: 8972: 8965: 8960: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8940: 8933: 8929: 8924: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8904: 8897: 8893: 8889: 8885: 8880: 8873: 8868: 8866: 8864: 8856: 8852: 8847: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8823: 8816: 8811: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8787: 8780: 8775: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8756: 8751: 8744: 8740: 8735: 8728: 8723: 8716: 8712: 8707: 8700: 8695: 8688: 8683: 8676: 8672: 8668: 8663: 8656: 8651: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8631: 8624: 8620: 8616: 8611: 8604: 8600: 8596: 8591: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8567: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8547: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8523: 8516: 8512: 8507: 8500: 8495: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8471: 8464: 8460: 8455: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8435: 8428: 8424: 8419: 8412: 8408: 8403: 8396: 8391: 8384: 8380: 8376: 8371: 8364: 8360: 8355: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8335: 8328: 8324: 8319: 8312: 8308: 8303: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8284: 8279: 8272: 8268: 8263: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8243: 8236: 8231: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8211: 8204: 8200: 8195: 8188: 8184: 8179: 8172: 8168: 8164: 8159: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8131: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8111: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8091: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8071: 8064: 8059: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8035: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8015: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7987: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7967: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7947: 7940: 7936: 7932: 7928: 7923: 7916: 7911: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7883: 7877:, p. 90. 7876: 7872: 7867: 7860: 7855: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7831: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7807: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7787: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7759: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7739: 7733:, p. 54. 7732: 7728: 7724: 7719: 7713:, p. 88. 7712: 7708: 7704: 7699: 7692: 7688: 7683: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7663: 7657:, p. 87. 7656: 7652: 7647: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7623: 7616: 7612: 7607: 7600: 7595: 7588: 7583: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7559: 7557: 7549: 7544: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7524: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7504: 7497: 7492: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7472: 7466:, p. 49. 7465: 7461: 7456: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7436: 7429: 7424: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7404: 7397: 7392: 7385: 7380: 7373: 7368: 7362:, p. 77. 7361: 7356: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7332: 7326:, p. 79. 7325: 7321: 7316: 7309: 7304: 7298:, p. 84. 7297: 7293: 7288: 7281: 7276: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7252: 7245: 7240: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7212: 7206:, p. 75. 7205: 7200: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7176: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7156: 7150:, p. 70. 7149: 7145: 7140: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7120: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7096: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7076: 7069: 7064: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7040: 7033: 7029: 7024: 7017: 7013: 7008: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6988: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6964: 6957: 6953: 6948: 6942:, p. 38. 6941: 6937: 6932: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6912: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6888: 6881: 6877: 6872: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6852: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6832: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6812: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6792: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6772: 6765: 6761: 6756: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6736: 6730:, p. 93. 6729: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6713:, p. 57. 6712: 6707: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6683: 6676: 6671: 6665:, p. 96. 6664: 6659: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6635: 6628: 6623: 6616: 6611: 6604: 6600: 6595: 6588: 6584: 6579: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6555: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6527: 6521:, p. 91. 6520: 6515: 6508: 6504: 6499: 6492: 6488: 6483: 6476: 6471: 6465:, p. 56. 6464: 6459: 6452: 6447: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6427: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6399: 6392: 6387: 6381:, p. 46. 6380: 6376: 6371: 6365:, p. 97. 6364: 6360: 6355: 6348: 6343: 6337:, p. 31. 6336: 6332: 6327: 6321:, p. 31. 6320: 6316: 6311: 6305:, p. 87. 6304: 6299: 6293:, p. 31. 6292: 6288: 6283: 6277:, p. 42. 6276: 6271: 6265:, p. 32. 6264: 6259: 6253:, p. 85. 6252: 6247: 6241:, p. 54. 6240: 6235: 6229:, p. 95. 6228: 6223: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6203: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6183: 6177:, p. 95. 6176: 6172: 6168: 6163: 6157:, p. 95. 6156: 6152: 6148: 6143: 6137:, p. 95. 6136: 6132: 6127: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6107: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6087: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6067: 6061:, p. 92. 6060: 6056: 6051: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6023: 6017:, p. 38. 6016: 6011: 6005:, p. 87. 6004: 6000: 5996: 5991: 5985:, p. 48. 5984: 5980: 5975: 5969:, p. 85. 5968: 5963: 5957:, p. 86. 5956: 5952: 5947: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5927: 5921:, p. 84. 5920: 5916: 5911: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5891: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5871: 5865:, p. 81. 5864: 5860: 5856: 5851: 5844: 5840: 5835: 5828: 5824: 5819: 5813:, p. 79. 5812: 5808: 5804: 5799: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5775: 5768: 5764: 5759: 5753:, p. 80. 5752: 5748: 5744: 5739: 5733:, p. 77. 5732: 5728: 5723: 5717:, p. 18. 5716: 5711: 5705:, p. 72. 5704: 5700: 5696: 5691: 5685:, p. 71. 5684: 5680: 5675: 5669:, p. 70. 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5651: 5645:, p. 27. 5644: 5639: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5619: 5612: 5608: 5603: 5597:, p. 63. 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5579: 5573:, p. 62. 5572: 5568: 5563: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5539: 5533:, p. 61. 5532: 5528: 5524: 5519: 5512: 5508: 5507:Bushnell 2003 5503: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5475: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5453:, p. 52. 5452: 5448: 5443: 5437:, p. 15. 5436: 5432: 5427: 5421:, p. 52. 5420: 5415: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5387: 5381:, p. 51. 5380: 5376: 5372: 5367: 5361:, p. 51. 5360: 5355: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5327: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5307: 5301:, p. 48. 5300: 5295: 5289:, p. 48. 5288: 5284: 5279: 5273:, p. 20. 5272: 5268: 5264: 5259: 5253:, p. 47. 5252: 5248: 5243: 5237:, p. 18. 5236: 5231: 5225:, p. 47. 5224: 5220: 5215: 5209:, p. 20. 5208: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5172:, p. 13. 5171: 5167: 5163: 5158: 5152:, p. 46. 5151: 5147: 5143: 5138: 5132:, p. 46. 5131: 5127: 5122: 5116:, p. 44. 5115: 5111: 5107: 5102: 5095: 5090: 5083: 5078: 5072:, p. 44. 5071: 5066: 5060:, p. 44. 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5036:, p. 43. 5035: 5031: 5027: 5022: 5016:, p. 43. 5015: 5011: 5006: 5000:, p. 18. 4999: 4995: 4990: 4984:, p. 37. 4983: 4978: 4972:, p. 38. 4971: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4952:, p. 42. 4951: 4947: 4942: 4936:, p. 37. 4935: 4931: 4926: 4920:, p. 37. 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4902: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4882: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4862: 4860: 4853:, p. 34. 4852: 4848: 4843: 4837:, p. 33. 4836: 4832: 4828: 4823: 4817:, p. 32. 4816: 4811: 4805:, p. 32. 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4781:, p. 32. 4780: 4776: 4771: 4764: 4761:, p. 9; 4760: 4756: 4751: 4745:, p. 22. 4744: 4741:, p. 9; 4740: 4736: 4731: 4725:, p. 25. 4724: 4721:, p. 9; 4720: 4715: 4709:, p. 17. 4708: 4703: 4697:, p. 25. 4696: 4692: 4687: 4681:, p. 13. 4680: 4675: 4673: 4666:, p. 24. 4665: 4661: 4657: 4652: 4646:, p. 25. 4645: 4640: 4638: 4631:, p. 24. 4630: 4627:, p. 9; 4626: 4622: 4617: 4610: 4606: 4601: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4570: 4565: 4559:, p. 11. 4558: 4553: 4547:, p. 18. 4546: 4543:, p. 9; 4542: 4538: 4533: 4527:, p. 18. 4526: 4523:, p. 9; 4522: 4517: 4511:, p. 21. 4510: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4490: 4485: 4478: 4475:, p. 4; 4474: 4470: 4465: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4445: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4418: 4413: 4406: 4403:, p. 4; 4402: 4399:, p. 2; 4398: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4349: 4333: 4329: 4328:HarperCollins 4325: 4324: 4319: 4313: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4253: 4237: 4228: 4220: 4215: 4208: 4202: 4194: 4193: 4184: 4154: 4147: 4146: 4136: 4093: 4083: 4076: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4043: 4037: 4035: 4029: 4024: 4023:stole a sword 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3964: 3957: 3946: 3944: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3884: 3879: 3877: 3872: 3870: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3847: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3750: 3749:United States 3747: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3624:Metapolitefsi 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3460: 3459: 3458:On Revolution 3455: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3429: 3428:Rights of Man 3425: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3339: 3338:De re publica 3335: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3144:Jones (Lynne) 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2939:Adams (Gerry) 2937: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2738:Revolutionary 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2728:Parliamentary 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2537:Civil society 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2524: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2513:Republicanism 2511: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2426: 2421: 2412: 2410: 2404: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2288: 2282: 2277: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2241: 2236: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2154: 2149: 2148:the surrender 2146:and accepted 2145: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2063: 2058: 2055: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2042:Manuela Sáenz 2039: 2031: 2030:Manuela Sáenz 2026: 2022: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1859:Eastern Range 1856: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1747:Orinoco River 1744: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1705: 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1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 1000:Pope Pius VII 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 980:King of Italy 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 955: 949: 940: 938: 934: 933:Aimé Bonpland 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 908: 903: 899: 895: 889: 884: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 863:San Ildefonso 856: 851: 842: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 807: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 788: 787:San Ildefonso 779: 775: 771: 769: 765: 761: 755: 750: 746: 740: 735: 731: 725: 723: 717: 712: 708: 702: 697: 693: 683: 679: 674: 667: 662: 658: 652: 647: 644:(born 1779), 641: 636: 633:(born 1777), 630: 625: 624:María Antonia 621: 615: 610: 606: 601: 599: 598: 593: 589: 588:Basque region 584: 578: 573: 567: 562: 558: 554: 544: 541: 537: 531: 529: 528:Gran Colombia 525: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 420: 418: 414: 413:El Libertador 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 374: 365: 361: 357: 353: 350: 349:Manuela Sáenz 347: 343: 324: 319: 315: 308: 305: 302: 299: 298: 296: 292: 289: 286: 284:Resting place 282: 276: 275:Gran Colombia 272: 263: 259: 255: 251: 239: 235: 230: 226: 223: 220: 214: 211: 208: 202: 196: 191: 188: 183: 180: 177: 171: 168: 165: 159: 153: 148: 145: 140: 137: 134: 128: 125: 122: 116: 110: 105: 102: 97: 93: 86: 81: 77:Simón Bolívar 74: 71: 67: 60: 59: 54: 53: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 18:Simón Bolivar 16022: 16005: 15993:from Commons 15988: 15967: 15710:Institutions 15504:Lucas Alamán 15493: 15486: 15232:Billinghurst 14972:Luna Pizarro 14941: 14912:Luna Pizarro 14807:2020–present 14790:Jeanine Áñez 14309:Germán Busch 14114:Aniceto Arce 13812: 13737:Álvaro Uribe 13607:Rafael Reyes 13587:Rafael Núñez 13569:Rafael Núñez 13554:Rafael Núñez 13369: 13147: 13139: 13131: 13123: 13115: 13107: 13099: 13080: 12902: 12894:James Monroe 12890: 12882:Andrés Bello 12862: 12836: 12799: 12791: 12765: 12742: 12692: 12673: 12668: 12653: 12648: 12631: 12622: 12601: 12594: 12587: 12569: 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Retrieved 4256: 4236: 4227: 4213: 4092: 4082: 4070: 4046:Libertadores 4007:Conservative 3995: 3989:created the 3968: 3962: 3959: 3954: 3939: 3892: 3821: 3456: 3446: 3436: 3426: 3416: 3406: 3396: 3386: 3376: 3366: 3356: 3346: 3336: 3326: 3139:Jones (Elin) 3044:Flynn (Paul) 3004:Clarke (Tom) 2999:Clark (Katy) 2978: 2944:Adams (John) 2765:Philosophers 2542:Civic virtue 2504:Part of the 2472: 2446: 2442:tuberculosis 2434:Barranquilla 2430: 2394:aide-de-camp 2392:, Bolívar's 2383: 2351: 2328: 2296: 2283: 2279: 2257: 2231: 2225:against the 2183: 2140: 2124:Junín region 2102: 2093: 2050: 2035: 2028:Portrait of 1972: 1956: 1922:two treaties 1894: 1879: 1855:Tame, Arauca 1852: 1816: 1740: 1736:firing squad 1708: 1684: 1656: 1621: 1555: 1532: 1513: 1491: 1481:Portrait of 1467: 1448: 1442:the city of 1432:an offensive 1425: 1357: 1348: 1344:its fortress 1324: 1317:, quoted by 1304: 1284: 1225: 1198: 1162: 1123: 1096: 1069:Philadelphia 1042: 1032:Portrait of 974:and then to 957: 951: 943: 902:Rue Vivienne 881:Bolívar and 879: 871:yellow fever 862: 860: 811:Manuel Godoy 808: 794:, bound for 786: 783: 730:Andrés Bello 726: 689: 657:house slaves 646:Juan Vicente 602: 595: 550: 536:tuberculosis 532: 472: 448:yellow fever 442:and married 421: 416: 412: 372: 371: 303:(until 1810) 266:(1830-12-17) 247:24 July 1783 217:Succeeded by 209: 194: 174:Succeeded by 151: 131:Succeeded by 108: 70: 56: 50: 43:Spanish name 16053:1830 deaths 16048:1783 births 15620:Petrocaribe 15317:Pérez Godoy 15262:Elías Arias 15217:S. Calderón 14927:Riva Agüero 14777:Evo Morales 14751:Carlos Mesa 14712:Hugo Banzer 14556:Juan Pereda 14543:Hugo Banzer 14374:Tomás Monje 14062:Tomás Frías 14036:Tomás Frías 13855:(1828–1829) 13824:(1825–1828) 13144:(2013 film) 13136:(2003 film) 13128:(2002 film) 13120:(1980 film) 13112:(1969 film) 13104:(1942 film) 12950:(1819–20), 12946:(1815–16), 12843: [ 12828: [ 12817: [ 12806: [ 12783: [ 12772: [ 12254:Verso Books 12160:Lynch, John 11720:Racine 2008 11692:Racine 2008 11656:Racine 2008 11620:Jaksic 2008 11434:12 November 4302:14 February 4026: [ 3999:Hugo Chávez 3923:Montesquieu 3772:Common good 3712:New Zealand 3707:Netherlands 3452:(1835–1840) 3422:(1787–1788) 3332:(c. 375 BC) 3254:Robespierre 3029:Etherington 2964:Benn (Tony) 2933:Politicians 2911:Tocqueville 2871:Montesquieu 2851:Machiavelli 2597:Rule of law 2592:Res publica 2479:Hugo Chávez 2452: [ 2401: [ 2312:Bucaramanga 2238: [ 2151: [ 2116: [ 2060: [ 2015: [ 1944: [ 1925: [ 1905: [ 1831: [ 1812: 1826 1801: [ 1777: [ 1762: [ 1596: [ 1589:Santa Marta 1573: [ 1551:Manuel Piar 1474:on 23 May. 1409: [ 1374: [ 1363: [ 1311: [ 1273: [ 1258: [ 1247: [ 1150: [ 1088: [ 905: [ 886: [ 827:summer home 764:Maria Luisa 752: [ 737: [ 714: [ 699: [ 676: [ 664: [ 649: [ 638: [ 627: [ 612: [ 575: [ 564: [ 481:, fighting 294:Nationality 271:Santa Marta 205:Preceded by 162:Preceded by 119:Preceded by 16037:Categories 16007:Quotations 14992:Santa Cruz 14947:Santa Cruz 14907:San Martín 14892:Presidents 14296:David Toro 13747:Iván Duque 13160:Sculptures 13074:Literature 12679:1819–1830 12669:New office 12654:Libertador 12615:Marx, Karl 12048:Arana 2013 12040:Lynch 2006 12024:Arana 2013 12016:Lynch 2006 12004:Arana 2013 11962:Lynch 2006 11907:Arana 2013 11891:Arana 2013 11847:Arana 2013 11820:Arana 2013 11816:Lynch 2006 11812:Masur 1969 11800:Lynch 2006 11776:Ewell 2008 11708:Lynch 2006 11704:Masur 1969 11688:Ewell 2008 11672:Lynch 2006 11668:Masur 1969 11644:Lynch 2006 11341:Arana 2013 11337:Lynch 2006 11321:Arana 2013 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452:Grand Tour 243:1783-07-24 15960:Venezuela 15864:Biography 15785:CARIFORUM 15625:Rio Group 15377:Kuczynski 15282:Benavides 15237:Benavides 15122:Gutiérrez 15072:San Román 15062:Echenique 15047:Figuerola 15017:Figuerola 14987:Salaverry 14803:Luis Arce 14794:2019–2020 14781:2006–2019 14768:2005–2006 14755:2003–2005 14742:2002–2003 14729:2001–2002 14716:1997–2001 14703:1993–1997 14690:1989–1993 14677:1985–1989 14664:1982–1985 14638:1981–1982 14625:1980–1981 14612:1979–1980 14573:1978–1979 14547:1971–1978 14534:1970–1971 14521:1969–1970 14495:1966–1969 14469:1964–1966 14456:1960–1964 14443:1956–1960 14430:1952–1956 14417:1951–1952 14404:1949–1951 14391:1947–1949 14378:1946–1947 14352:1943–1946 14339:1940–1943 14326:1939–1940 14313:1937–1939 14300:1936–1937 14287:1934–1936 14274:1931–1934 14261:1930–1931 14248:1926–1930 14235:1925–1926 14222:1921–1925 14209:1917–1920 14196:1913–1917 14183:1909–1913 14170:1904–1909 14157:1899–1904 14144:1896–1899 14131:1892–1896 14118:1888–1892 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792:La Guaira 581:. He was 415:, or the 389:Venezuela 355:Signature 195:In office 152:In office 109:In office 16098:Radicals 15888:Colombia 15671:CARIPASS 15649:Projects 15595:Mercosur 15402:Boluarte 15397:Castillo 15382:Vizcarra 15357:Paniagua 15352:Fujimori 15167:Iglesias 15132:Zevallos 15077:Castilla 15067:Castilla 15057:Castilla 15052:Menéndez 15042:Menéndez 15032:Castilla 15002:Menéndez 14982:Bermúdez 14977:Orbegoso 14840:Category 12954:(1819), 12906:Napoleon 12766:Parents: 12459:23 April 12453:Archived 12318:: 1–10. 12162:(2006). 12109:(2013). 11983:Archived 11941:Archived 11937:BBC News 11595:Archived 11529:Archived 11524:BBC News 11497:Archived 11464:Archived 11428:Archived 11423:El Mundo 11365:Archived 4296:Archived 4272:29 March 4197:Spanish: 4087:dispute. 4040:See also 3927:Rousseau 3737:Scotland 3677:Barbados 3328:Republic 3244:Prescott 3214:Naysmith 3204:McKechin 3164:La Malfa 3159:Khomeini 3119:Iorwerth 3084:Griffith 3059:Gambetta 3054:Galloway 3039:Ferguson 3019:Davidson 3014:Cromwell 3009:Connolly 2989:Campbell 2906:Sunstein 2891:Rousseau 2886:Polybius 2821:Franklin 2801:Chappell 2796:Cattaneo 2733:People's 2718:Imperial 2650:Kemalism 2587:Republic 2521:Concepts 2199:declared 2191:Arequipa 2136:Huancayo 2113:rebelled 1886:Colombia 1757:, where 1755:Calabozo 1710:rank of 1668:Carúpano 1660:Antilles 1515:llaneros 1494:dictator 1440:captured 1266:Valencia 1010:, where 992:Florence 894:Napoleon 804:Classics 768:favorite 661:Hipólita 583:baptized 483:Royalist 385:Colombia 99:1st 58:Palacios 41:In this 15912:History 15900:Ecuador 15876:Bolivia 15850:Portals 15460:History 15392:Sagasti 15332:Velasco 15322:Lindley 15302:Noriega 15267:Jiménez 15212:Candamo 15202:Piérola 15197:Candamo 15192:Cáceres 15187:Borgoño 15177:Cáceres 15162:Cáceres 15157:Montero 15147:Piérola 15022:Vivanco 15007:Torrico 14997:Gamarra 14967:Gamarra 14942:Bolívar 13149:Bolívar 12958:(1822)) 12621:in the 12340:10.2979 11989:13 June 11947:17 July 11601:13 June 11568:13 June 11535:13 June 11503:13 June 11470:13 June 11401:9 April 11371:17 July 4364:Longman 4192:-liv-ar 4011:Liberal 3971:bolívar 3911:Spinoza 3702:Morocco 3692:Jamaica 3687:Ireland 3672:Bahamas 3474:History 3294:Taverne 3269:Skinner 3249:Ritchie 3194:Madison 3174:Lincoln 3124:Jackson 3114:Huppert 3109:Hopkins 3034:Fabiani 2994:Chapman 2979:Bolívar 2969:Bennett 2959:Bartley 2949:Atatürk 2861:Mazzini 2856:Madison 2786:Bentham 2776:Baggini 2743:Secular 2723:Islamic 2708:Federal 2645:Federal 2629:Schools 2331:walkout 2203:Bolivia 2010:at the 1983:Ecuador 1732:mulatto 1581:Jamaica 1382:Curaçao 1213:Guayana 1201:liberal 1057:Hamburg 823:engaged 800:Santoña 597:criollo 553:Caracas 503:Jamaica 432:criollo 426:in the 424:Caracas 405:Bolivia 393:Ecuador 339: 331: 327: 301:Spanish 250:Caracas 52:Bolívar 47:surname 15936:Panama 15819:Events 15387:Merino 15372:Humala 15367:García 15362:Toledo 15347:García 15247:Leguía 15227:Leguía 15207:Romaña 15172:Arenas 14957:La Mar 14917:La Mar 13912:(1841) 13903:(1841) 13833:(1828) 13815:(1825) 13085:(1989) 13043:Legacy 13009:(1819) 13003:(1815) 12997:(1812) 12837:Slave: 12758:Family 12608: 12576: 12526: 12503: 12480: 12447: 12439:(31). 12363: 12346: 12338: 12330: 12286: 12260: 12228: 12205: 12178: 12148: 12125: 11979:UNESCO 4292:El Día 4075:Styled 3987:UNESCO 3949:Legacy 3925:, and 3913:, the 3907:Hobbes 3727:Sweden 3717:Norway 3682:Canada 3462:(1963) 3442:(1794) 3432:(1791) 3412:(1762) 3402:(1755) 3392:(1748) 3382:(1698) 3372:(1656) 3362:(1649) 3352:(1531) 3304:Wilson 3274:Slater 3264:Skates 3219:Mannin 3209:Mullin 3184:Mackay 3149:Juárez 3104:Hébert 3099:Hatton 3094:Harvie 2984:Burgon 2901:Sidney 2896:Sandel 2881:Pettit 2806:Cicero 2771:Arendt 2753:Soviet 2748:Sister 2640:Modern 2427:, 1889 2335:quorum 2211:Potosí 2180:, 1825 2097:Callao 1991:Panama 1935:, and 1895:After 1676:Güiria 1618:, 1895 1566:Bogotá 1539:Cumaná 1520:Llanos 1472:Mérida 1444:Cúcuta 1369:, the 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1253:, the 1211:, and 1107:Joseph 1077:Boston 1075:, and 988:Venice 946: 857:, 1921 835:Teruel 831:Bilbao 760:Madrid 705:, the 491:second 436:Madrid 403:, and 401:Panama 381: 377: 317:Spouse 16024:Texts 15990:Media 15701:SUCRE 15307:Odría 15297:Odría 15252:Ponce 15142:Prado 15137:Pardo 15117:Balta 15107:Prado 15097:Pezet 15092:Prado 15087:Pezet 15037:Elías 15027:Nieto 15012:Vidal 14932:Sucre 13195:Other 12847:] 12832:] 12821:] 12810:] 12792:Wife: 12787:] 12776:] 12698:1825 12344:S2CID 12336:JSTOR 12314:(2). 4248:Notes 4214:Simón 4030:] 3742:Wales 3722:Spain 3697:Japan 3284:Smith 3259:Sayed 3239:Pound 3234:Nehru 3229:Nandy 3199:Magid 3179:Lucas 3169:Lewis 3079:Grévy 3074:Greer 2974:Black 2954:Azaña 2876:Paine 2846:Locke 2816:Crick 2791:Bodin 2781:Bello 2682:Types 2456:] 2405:] 2299:Ocaña 2287:balls 2242:] 2195:Sucre 2155:] 2132:Cuzco 2120:] 2064:] 2019:] 1948:] 1929:] 1909:] 1863:Socha 1848:Andes 1835:] 1805:] 1781:] 1766:] 1636:Haiti 1600:] 1577:] 1558:Tunja 1496:of a 1413:] 1378:] 1367:] 1315:] 1277:] 1262:] 1251:] 1172:, at 1154:] 1092:] 976:Milan 964:Italy 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