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carriage lock and variable (free) line control), single carriage release lever (right), calibrated paper bail (without rollers), card holders, tilting (aka hinged or rocking) carriage-shift (vs. basket/segment-shift or full carriage-shift), back space key, margin release key (permits typing beyond left or right margin, also acting as a jamb release key), automatic ribbon reverse (using ribbons with eyelets) with ribbon lift link (to maintain proper ribbon tension), paper tension release lever, chrome carriage return arm, shift key at each side, shift lock key, right margin bell — and an ABS plastic "clip-on" lid/cover with built-in carrying handle. The
1573:
412:, an office typewriter that had at the time captured nearly 75% of an $ 850M market ($ 3.5B, 2023). The Silver Seiko model used a 'golf ball' head and ribbon interchangeable with the Selectric, but used microprocessors rather than the Selectric's difficult-to-service tilt and rotate tapes. Along with its two 'golf ball' models, the company entered the electronic printer and typewriter market with its EX- series of daisy wheel office (EX-50, 55, 66, 77, 78) and compact (EX-42, 43N, 44) electronic typewriters (1982-1984) — advertising widely, notably with the celebrity endorsement of
467:
455:
369:, the market for the company's core products shrank markedly. Sales peaked at approximately 35.7 billion yen ($ 1.3B, 2023) in the fiscal year ending March 1985, and declined annually until Silver Seiko declared bankruptcy in 2011 — with approximately 300 employees and 58 independent contractors (as of March 31, 2010). Silver Seiko was ultimately taken over by Lead Technos Co., Ltd. and Kashiwazaki US Tech Co., Ltd., newly established through a company split in 2011.
45:
710:: Silver Seiko fails to meet its debts for the second time. Under Japan's commercial code, a company is considered bankrupt when it fails to meet debt or promissory-note payments twice within six months. In response, the Tokyo Stock Exchange designated Silver Seiko shares as stocks for delisting on the same day, delisting them on January 29, 2011
477:
is a prominent entry model of Silver Seiko's line of affordable ultra-portable manual typewriters, weighing about 10 lbs. The company marketed innumerable variations on this same platform with either identical or mostly identical construction and exterior styling — from the early 1960s to
553:
The mechanical design is of the "flat" type, with an overall height of roughly 85 mm (3.35"). The keyboard, as distinct from upright desktop designs, had key levers mounted on four dowels held by a dowel plate at front — a configuration commonly seen in other portable or ultra-portable
357:
Having diversified to electronic printers (e.g., EXP400, EXP500, EXP770) Series) and to electric and electronic typewriters, the company developed subsidiaries worldwide. In 1986, Silver Seiko brought to market a $ 350 hand-held copier, marketed as "Porta Copy," that could scan and print a 3 1/4"
726:
By the time of its dissolution, Silver Seiko had diversified to include a range of products including: printer enlargers, shredders, paper folding machines, reduced hydrogen water generators, ozone generators, garbage disposal devices, air cleaners, pitching machines, knitting machines, sewing
526:
variations were full-featured, despite their size, offering metal bodywork (including a removable metal bottom plate); 24 cm (9.5") carriage to accommodate standard business-size envelopes, touch-set margins (up-turned chrome), 84 keys, line spacing lever (1, 1 1/2, 2 lines, with integral
577:
model names, including as the: Silverette, Silverette II, 100, SR-100, SR-100 Tabulator, Sovereign
Compact 720, SR-180 Deluxe, SR-200, 200 Deluxe, 280 Deluxe, Leader, Leader II, Silver Reed Seventy, 700, 7200, Mastercraft 7200 and Speedwriter 7200, 780
656:: Silver Knitting Machine Co., Ltd. merged with Silver Knitting Machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd. and Silver Knitting Machine Sales Co., Ltd. and Headquarters relocated to Kodaira City, Tokyo.
339:
in the United States and other countries. Litton ended the arrangement in 1974 and turned to
Nakajima for its typewriters — and Silver Seiko in turn sold the tooling for
1005:
975:
818:
593:(as the Signet, Jet, Mariner, Mercury, Century, Companion, Educator, Mustang, Ranger, Signet, and Tab-O-matic (as the Swinger and Sprite with different bodywork),
930:
853:
872:
1261:
2232:
1708:
538:-type model, with feature additions or deletions per model: 88 keys, paper support, line drawing aperture, paper guide, two-color ribbon settings with
354:, California, with a sales volume of $ 10 million during its first year and projections of $ 40 million in sales by 1979 and $ 100 million by 1981.
434:
campaigns in the United States and Europe — for their low-priced manual typewriters. The flood of inexpensive
Japanese typewriters inspired
546:, five-year manufacturer's parts defect warranty (Royal), #1 or 0 key, pre-set tabulation — or an automatic repeat spacer key, marketed as
716:: Applied to the Tokyo District Court for application of the Civil Rehabilitation Act, with total debts of approximately 1,2M yen ($ 8M, 2023).
346:
Silver Seiko's worldwide sales had reached $ 110M by 1979, when the company manufactured 40,000 typewriters per month. The company formed its
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756:
901:
886:
2227:
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itself was one of the company's least-equipped models of the line, though it was often marketed in bright, saturated colors.
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408:
variants. In the late 1970s, the company developed the 235-C (1979) and 255-C (1981). These were direct competitors to the
602:
1514:
378:
340:
320:
17:
931:"EEC Antidumping Law and Trade Policy after Ballbearings II Discretionary Decisions Masquerading as Legal Process"
616:
brands for retail outlets with otherwise no specific connection to typewriters, including: the
Achiever 600 for
2150:
2049:
2252:
2145:
2130:
1205:
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1713:
1159:
606:
1879:
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setting (ribbon deactivation), two-position touch sensitivity regulator Pica (10 cpi) or Elite (12 cpi)
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1986:
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The Silver Reed SR 280 with preset tab function, speed spacer and snap-on top cover/carrying case
404:
Silver Seiko typewriters were initially manual models and subsequently electric, electronic and
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2064:
2011:
1769:
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784:
31:
30:
This article is about the
Typewriter and Knitting machine company company. For other uses, see
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chain, Torpedo
Student 42,, Viscount and Welco S100, Maruzen 200, Savys 200, Addo 602, etc.
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type as one of two typewriters he would keep if he could keep only one, citing also the
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label; marketing them as re-branded products for other typewriter companies (e.g., for
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machines, vacuum cleaners, a simple breast cancer testing device and word processors.
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978:. Etcetera Journal of the Early Typewriters Collectors Association, Winter 2018/2019.
821:. Etcetera Journal of the Early Typewriters Collectors Association, Winter 2018/2019.
589:
variants for what had been once-leading, independent typewriter companies, including
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644:: Marukoshi Knitting Machinery Co., Ltd. founded in Kamitakaido, Suginami-ku, Tokyo
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in 1952 — subsequently changing its name and becoming more widely known as
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854:"BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY: ADVANCES IN PHOTOCOPYING; UNCERTAIN FUTURE FOR SMALL UNITS"
625:
454:
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1008:. Etcetera Journal of the Early Typewriters Collectors Association, Spring 2019.
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and entering competition with Japan's two other major typewriter manufacturers,
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605:, inventor of the QWERTY keyboard (as the Idool, Tentwenty, Tenfifty ) and
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channeler, Joe Van Cleave, also regularly uses a Silver Seiko-manufactured
482:
2079:
1955:
1784:
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722:: Decision to abolish rehabilitation proceedings and commence bankruptcy.
650:: Company name changed to Silver Knitting Machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
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to design what was intended as a direct competitor, its plastic-bodied
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brand name. The company began manufacturing a line of personal manual
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704:: The company name change was withdrawn in the IR announced on June 9
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Company timeline for
Marukoshi Knitting Machinery and Silver Seiko:
458:
The Silver Reed SR 200 compact manual typewriter with metal body, a
426:
In the 1960s and 1970s, Silver Seiko, along with
Japanese companies
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and desktop typewriters, marketing them three ways: under their own
44:
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Formal
Bankruptcy (2011), assumbed by Kashiwazaki US Tech Co., Ltd.
2176:
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1021:"Best typewriters we recommend for children & young writers"
806:. Royal Typewriters at Seattle Firs Typewriter. August 16, 2017.
2120:
1339:
1332:
1327:
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219:
1059:
264:, is a Japanese company founded in 1952, widely known for its
27:
Japanese typewriter and knitting machine manufacturing company
1909:
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620:, AusRoyal 7200, Imtex S300, Maedi 2000, Eaton 400 (for the
617:
500:. Noted typewriter authority, Theodore 'Ted' Munk, cited the
435:
277:
168:
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674:: Company merged with Silver Office Machine Sales Co., Ltd.
319:
Silver Seiko enjoyed enormous success, especially marketing
1581:
1492:
662:: Listed on the second section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
680:: Listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
308:
in 1966, working with the leading industrial design firm,
1119:
624:
department store), Wilding TW100/TW200, PT400 for the
554:
models, including those by
Nakajima, Consul of (then)
534:
Silver Seiko offered numerous other variations of its
449:
251:
www.silver-reed.com, www.silver-reed.co.jp (defunct)
94:
Knitting machines, manual and electronic typewriters
902:"THE STRENGTHS OF NAVRATILOVA AND ANNETTE NIEMTZOW"
393:brand); and marketing rebranded variants under the
331:brand — for example, prominently marketing a
323:typewriters, including a branding arrangement with
485:used a Silver Seiko ultra-portable, as did artist
2219:
816:
272:. The company, last formally headquartered in
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1075:
988:
958:
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668:: Company name changed to Silver Seiko Ltd.
2233:Manufacturing companies established in 1952
1477:The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
1033:
973:
943:
916:"One Great Writing Machine Praises Another"
834:
832:
830:
828:
819:"Oh Brother! Japanese Portable Typewriters"
754:
698:: Company announces name change to "Nupapa"
280:until its 2011 demise, is unrelated to the
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1501:
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759:. Seymour Daily Tribute, Seymour Indiana.
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692:: Head office moved to Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
1052:. Japan Weekly Monitor. January 3, 2011.
952:
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465:
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1036:"Sometimes You Forget - Commodore 2000"
908:
856:. The New York Times. January 14, 1987.
430:and Nakajima, were frequent targets of
343:models to Dong-Ah Precisions of Korea.
321:its manual, metal-bodied ultra-portable
14:
2220:
1553:List of yarns for crochet and knitting
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889:. Sidney Morning Herald. May 25, 1985.
887:"To Martina it just Doesn't Seem Fair"
879:
737:
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918:. Chicago Tribune. December 22, 1985.
791:
350:subsidiary in 1977, headquartered in
982:
937:
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846:
900:Eve E. Ellis (September 30, 1984).
777:
24:
1023:. Mr. and Mrs. Vintage Typewriter.
1006:"Facebook's Typewriter Collectors"
763:
379:its personal manual ultra-portable
25:
2274:
989:Bill Guthrie (February 9, 2021).
959:Richard Polt (February 9, 2021).
512:. Noted typewriter authority and
450:Silver Reed Silverette typewriter
300:marketing its products under the
1571:
785:"Silver Seiko Ltd, Tokyo, Japan"
585:and worldwide as numerous other
292:The company initially formed as
1089:
961:"Writers and their Typewriters"
946:"Olivetti Valentine Typewriter"
341:its metal-bodied ultra-portable
294:Marukoshi Knitting Machines Ltd
2151:The Knitting Guild Association
1034:Gene Wekall (March 13, 2018).
976:"Collector's Corner, Ted Munk"
817:Robert Messenger (June 2013).
773:. Japanese Business Directory.
581:prominently and widely as the
489:(a Royal Mercury, a prominent
372:
189:Thomas B. O'Reilly, EXVP (USA)
13:
1:
2228:Companies established in 1952
2146:World Wide Knit in Public Day
2131:Revolutionary Knitting Circle
1206:Sholes and Glidden typewriter
842:. Business Week. May 7, 1979.
840:"Taking on the IBM Selectric"
730:
260:, trading internationally as
2258:Knitting tools and materials
2141:UK Hand Knitting Association
1522:
1160:Underwood Typewriter Company
1050:"Silver Seiko goes bankrupt"
755:Gene Wekall (May 22, 1979).
569:and its variants worldwide:
187:Martin Goldshine EXVP (USA),
7:
1709:Stockinette/Stocking stitch
1456:Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing
1445:Boston Typewriter Orchestra
1125:Imperial Typewriter Company
991:"A Typer's Dozen: Ted Munk"
632:
122:; 13 years ago
104:; 72 years ago
10:
2279:
1569:
287:
234:Silver Reed Int (Ger) GMBH
216:Silver Reed Ltd. (Jap, HQ)
29:
2197:List of knitting stitches
2159:
2098:
2020:
1987:Complete garment knitting
1979:
1948:
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1181:Blickensderfer typewriter
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1130:Oliver Typewriter Company
1097:
1038:. Davis Typewriter World.
686:: Kodaira factory closed
565:The company marketed the
377:The company manufactured
247:
237:Silver Reed Int (HK) Ltd.
207:
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185:Hiroshi Kamiya, President
179:
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1992:Fully fashioned knitting
1462:Repetitive strain injury
1140:Royal Typewriter Company
284:(timepiece technology).
228:Silver Reed America Inc.
1417:Speech-to-text reporter
1232:Lucien Stephen Crandall
1110:Commodore International
875:. Knowledge (Japanese).
873:"Timeline Silver Seiko"
365:With the advent of the
2192:Knitting abbreviations
2065:Stephanie Pearl-McPhee
2012:William Lee (inventor)
475:Silver Reed Silverette
471:
463:
240:Silver Reed (Aus) PTY.
32:Seiko (disambiguation)
2167:Basic knitted fabrics
1282:Lyman Cornelius Smith
1277:James Fields Smathers
1252:Rasmus Malling-Hansen
1115:E. Remington and Sons
787:. Typerwriter Museum.
469:
457:
399:mass market retailers
231:Silver Reed (Swtz) AG
225:Silver Reed (UK) Ltd.
2253:Daisy wheel printers
2090:Elizabeth Zimmermann
1915:Three needle bindoff
1900:Slip-stitch knitting
1820:Drop-stitch knitting
1472:Speed typing contest
757:"Business Limelight"
603:Remington Typewriter
348:Silver Seiko America
2243:Insolvent companies
1880:Picking up stitches
1785:Binding/Casting off
1647:Patons and Baldwins
1632:Eisaku Noro Company
1543:Knitting needle cap
1531:Tools and materials
1262:John Jonathon Pratt
1196:Hansen Writing Ball
1186:Data Recall Diamond
929:James K. Lockett.
560:Olivetti Lettera 32
414:Martina Navratilova
39:
1875:Medallion knitting
1272:Christopher Sholes
1211:Olivetti Valentine
1191:Hammond Typewriter
771:"Silver Seiko Ltd"
714:September 27, 2011
472:
464:
444:Olivetti Valentine
428:Brother Industries
367:digital revolution
37:
2263:Textile machinery
2248:Computer printers
2215:
2214:
2085:Barbara G. Walker
1865:Illusion knitting
1490:
1489:
1381:Typewriter eraser
1225:Prominent figures
993:. The Typosphere.
974:Brian Brumfield.
948:. Mass Made Soul.
944:Adam Richardson.
904:. New York Times.
720:December 27, 2011
708:December 28, 2010
387:Litton Industries
358:wide, continuous
325:Litton Industries
298:Silver Seiko Ltd,
266:knitting machines
258:Silver Seiko Ltd.
255:
254:
202:Knitting machines
38:Silver Seiko Ltd.
18:Silver Seiko Ltd.
16:(Redirected from
2270:
2055:Herbert Niebling
1997:Knitting machine
1980:Machine knitting
1795:Brioche knitting
1729:Elongated stitch
1642:Lion Brand Yarns
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1407:Data entry clerk
1361:Correction fluid
1267:Clarence Seamans
1237:Frank Haven Hall
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498:Jonathan Franzen
333:badge engineered
222:Silver Reed Ltd.
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68:Kabushiki gaisha
49:Early and later
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2136:Stitch 'n Bitch
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2050:Frances Lambert
2045:Marianne Kinzel
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2016:
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1835:Finger knitting
1815:Double knitting
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1287:Samuel W. Soulé
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933:. Northwestern.
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804:"Royal Mercury"
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702:October 1, 2010
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612:under numerous
597:(Tab-o-matic),
504:variant of the
496:) and novelist
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310:GK-Design Group
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2007:Stocking frame
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2002:Knitting Nancy
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1438:health aspects
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678:September 1984
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573:under its own
556:Czechoslovakia
518:Royal Mercury.
451:
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438:manufacturer,
418:Sidney Sheldon
395:private labels
374:
371:
337:Royal Mariner,
327:, under the
316:and Nakajima.
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2106:I Knit London
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2099:Organizations
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2040:Kaffe Fassett
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2035:Nicky Epstein
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2019:
2013:
2010:
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1855:Hand knitting
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1780:Bias knitting
1778:
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1775:Bead knitting
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1739:Loop knitting
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1637:Kraemer Yarns
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1098:Manufacturers
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963:. Xavier.edu.
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614:private label
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609:(as the 255).
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583:Royal Mercury
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502:Royal Mercury
499:
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479:
478:early 1970s.
476:
468:
461:
456:
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445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
423:
422:Jimmy Breslin
419:
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410:IBM Selectric
407:
402:
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397:of countless
396:
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388:
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368:
363:
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360:thermal paper
355:
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335:variant, the
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41:
33:
19:
2207:Yarn bombing
2060:Shannon Okey
2021:Knitters and
1765:Arm knitting
1548:Needle gauge
1482:Touch typing
1454:
1436:Cultural and
1422:Stenographer
1402:Audio typist
1356:Carbon paper
1155:Smith Corona
1150:Silver Seiko
1044:
1029:
1019:Walid Saad.
1014:
999:
984:
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924:
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881:
848:
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779:
765:
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719:
713:
707:
701:
696:May 27, 2010
695:
689:
684:October 1992
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
654:January 1964
653:
647:
642:October 1952
641:
636:
574:
566:
564:
552:
548:speed spacer
547:
535:
533:
528:
523:
521:
517:
510:Brother JP-1
505:
501:
493:
483:Ray Bradbury
480:
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382:
376:
364:
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318:
301:
297:
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261:
257:
256:
143:Headquarters
66:
59:Company type
50:
2238:Typewriters
2080:Meg Swansen
1770:Basketweave
1673:Continental
1627:Coats Group
1620:Yarn brands
1558:Row counter
1427:Typesetting
1397:Copy typist
1390:Occupations
1349:Accessories
1216:Hermes 3000
1091:Typewriters
575:Silver Reed
506:Silverette-
432:antidumping
406:daisy wheel
383:Silver Reed
373:Typewriters
306:typewriters
302:Silver Reed
282:Seiko Group
270:typewriters
262:Silver Reed
198:Typewriters
155:Shinjuku-ku
51:Silver Reed
2222:Categories
2030:Sam Barsky
1810:Casting on
1800:Buttonhole
1758:Techniques
1724:Dip stitch
1611:Variegated
1371:Ink ribbon
1306:Components
1257:Henry Mill
731:References
672:April 1984
660:March 1964
567:Silverette
536:Silverette
529:Silverette
524:Silverette
494:Silverette
460:Silverette
181:Key people
151:Kabuki-cho
2023:designers
1966:Fair Isle
1920:Thrumming
1895:Short row
1830:Faggoting
1749:Yarn over
1688:Norwegian
1412:Secretary
690:June 1993
666:June 1967
607:Underwood
544:typefaces
487:Nick Cave
209:Divisions
78:Traded as
2172:Blocking
1971:Intarsia
1949:Patterns
1850:Grafting
1825:Entrelac
1734:Increase
1719:Decrease
1702:Stitches
1668:Combined
1663:Circular
1524:Knitting
1467:Samizdat
1135:Olivetti
648:May 1955
633:Timeline
595:Imperial
587:rebadged
558:and the
491:rebadged
440:Olivetti
352:Torrence
274:Shinjuku
194:Products
165:Shinjuku
91:Industry
2202:Selvage
2182:History
2177:Dye lot
2160:Related
2126:Ravelry
1940:Welting
1935:Weaving
1890:Ribbing
1860:Hemming
1678:English
1606:Novelty
1596:Eyelash
1105:Brother
622:Eaton's
601:, once
540:stencil
514:Youtube
481:Author
462:variant
436:Italian
314:Brother
288:History
248:Website
171:(later)
161:(early)
125: (
117:Defunct
107: (
99:Founded
2121:Knitty
2111:Knitta
1961:Argyle
1930:Twined
1840:Gather
1805:Cables
1790:Bobble
1714:Garter
1656:Styles
1591:Bouclé
1584:styles
1340:Platen
1333:QWERTZ
1328:QWERTY
1323:Dvorak
1318:AZERTY
1174:Models
626:Boot's
362:scan.
220:Suzhou
86:: 6453
63:Public
1910:Steek
1885:Pleat
1845:Gauge
1165:Xerox
1145:Sharp
618:Sears
591:Royal
522:Most
391:Royal
329:Royal
278:Tokyo
169:Tokyo
159:Tokyo
53:logos
1956:Aran
1925:Tuck
1870:Lace
1693:Warp
1683:Flat
1601:Lopi
1582:Yarn
578:etc.
420:and
268:and
135:Fate
127:2011
120:2011
109:1952
102:1952
1120:IBM
84:TYO
2224::
862:^
827:^
793:^
739:^
562:.
550:.
446:.
416:,
401:.
389:'
276:,
200:,
167:,
157:,
153:,
1516:e
1509:t
1502:v
1083:e
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1069:v
129:)
111:)
71:)
65:(
34:.
20:)
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