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352:. Silicone, the main ingredient in silly putty, was put on ration, harming his business. A year later, the restriction on silicone was lifted and the production of Silly Putty resumed. Initially, it was primarily targeted towards adults. However, by 1955, the majority of its customers were aged six to twelve. In 1957, Hodgson produced the first televised commercial for Silly Putty, which aired during the
240:
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Silly Putty is sold as a 13 g (0.46 oz) piece of clay inside an egg-shaped plastic container. The Silly Putty brand is owned by
Crayola LLC (formerly the Binney & Smith company). As of July 2009, twenty thousand eggs of Silly Putty are sold daily. Since 1950, more than 300 million eggs
335:
would produce a gooey, bouncy material with several unique properties. The non-toxic putty would bounce when dropped, could stretch farther than regular rubber, would not go moldy, and had a very high melting temperature. However, the substance did not have all the properties needed to replace
339:
In 1949, toy store owner Ruth
Fallgatter came across the putty. She contacted marketing consultant Peter C. L. Hodgson (1912–1976). The two decided to market the bouncing putty by selling it in a clear case. Although it sold well, Fallgatter did not pursue it further. However, Hodgson saw its
219:
Generally, Silly Putty is difficult to remove from textured items such as dirt and clothing. Hand sanitizers containing alcohol are often helpful. Silly Putty will dissolve when in contact with an alcohol; after the alcohol evaporates, the material will not exhibit its original properties.
296:. In the US, all rubber products were rationed; citizens were encouraged to make their rubber products last until the end of the war and to donate spare tires, boots, and coats. Meanwhile, the government funded research into synthetic rubber compounds to attempt to solve this shortage.
391:
In addition to its success as a toy, other uses for the putty have been found. In the home, it can be used to remove substances such as dirt, lint, pet hair, or ink from various surfaces. The material's unique properties have found niche use in medical and scientific applications.
327:. Throughout his life, Warrick insisted that he and his colleague, Rob Roy McGregor, received the patent for Silly Putty before Wright did; but Crayola's history of Silly Putty states that Wright first invented it in 1943. Both researchers independently discovered that reacting
99:
98:
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If Silly Putty is submerged in warm or hot water, it will become softer and thus "melt" much faster. It also becomes harder to remove small amounts of it from surfaces. After a long period of time, it will return to its original viscosity.
100:
215:
ink was petroleum based, Silly Putty could be used to transfer newspaper images to other surfaces, providing amusement by distorting the transferred image afterwards. Newer papers with soy-based inks are more resistant to this process.
247:
97:
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School of
Physics (Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Research Centers) have discovered nano composite mixtures of
343:
Already US$ 12,000 in debt, Hodgson borrowed $ 147 to buy a batch of the putty to pack 1 oz (28 g) portions into plastic eggs for $ 1, calling it Silly Putty. Initial sales were poor, but after a
404:) alter the material's properties, offering different levels of resistance. The material is also used as a tool to help reduce stress, and exists in various viscosities based on the user's preference.
376:
Peter
Hodgson died in 1976. A year later, Binney & Smith, the makers of Crayola products, acquired the rights to Silly Putty. As of 2005, annual Silly Putty sales exceeded six million eggs.
112:, Silly Putty is noted for its unusual characteristics. It bounces when dropped from a height, but breaks when struck or stretched sharply; it can also float in a liquid and will form a
55:
that have unusual physical properties. It can flow like a liquid, bounce and can be stretched or broken depending on the amount of physical stress to which it is subjected. It contains
232:
and metallic. Other brands offer similar materials, sometimes in larger-sized containers, and in a similarly wide variety of colors or with different properties, such as magnetism and
63:, which makes it act as a viscous liquid over a long period of time but as an elastic solid over a short time period. It was originally created during research into a potential
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over a short time period. Because its apparent viscosity increases directly with respect to the amount of force applied, Silly Putty can be characterized as a
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to secure their tools in zero gravity. Scale model building hobbyists use the putty as a masking medium when spray-painting model assemblies. The
348:
article mentioned it, Hodgson sold over 250,000 eggs of silly putty in three days. However, Hodgson was almost put out of business in 1951 by the
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and Silly Putty behave as sensitive pressure sensors, claiming the ability to measure the footsteps of a spider crawling on it.
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of Silly Putty (approximately 4,500 short tons or 4,100 tonnes) have been sold. It is available in various colors, including
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Earl L. Warrick, Transcript of an
Interview Conducted by James J. Bohning in Midland, Michigan on 16 January 1986
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Process for making puttylike elastic plastic, siloxane derivative composition containing zinc hydroxide
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Sex, bombs, and burgers : how war, pornography, and fast food have shaped modern technology
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Earl L. Warrick, Transcript of an
Interview Conducted by James J. Bohning in Midland, Michigan
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Credit for the invention of Silly Putty is disputed and has been attributed variously to
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1190:"Sensitive electromechanical sensors using viscoelastic graphene-polymer nanocomposites"
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use it for rehabilitative therapy of hand injuries. A number of other brands (such as
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LLC. Other names are used to market similar substances from other manufacturers.
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given enough time. Silly Putty and most other retail putty products have
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agents added to reduce the flow and enable the putty to hold its shape.
349:
328:
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162:
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132:
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1133:"Rigid conformal polishing tool using non-linear visco-elastic effect"
1112:"How do you build a mirror for one of the world's biggest telescopes?"
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Silly Putty's unusual flow characteristics are due to the ingredient
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Timeless toys: classic toys and the playmakers who created them
972:. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: World Almanac Library. pp. 33–34.
186:
113:
33:
261:
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109:
788:"Earl L. Warrick, 91, a Dow Corning Creator of Silly Putty"
361:
In 1961, Silly Putty went worldwide, becoming a hit in the
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277:
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123:
The original coral-colored Silly Putty is composed of 65%
19:"Silly Puddy" redirects here. For the song by Zion I, see
1049:. Kansas City, Missouri: Andrews McMeel Pub. p. 92.
239:
45:
26:"Nutty putty" redirects here. For the cave in Utah, see
904:. Guilford, Connecticut: Lyons Press. pp. 115–16.
264:
invaded rubber-producing countries as it expanded its
999:. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood. p. 288.
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754:
508:
1131:Kim, Dae Wook; Burge, James H. (1 February 2010).
938:
1110:Martin, Buddy; Kim, Dae Wook (January 15, 2016).
856:Treating dimethyl silicon polymer with boric acid
1314:
1021:"17 Surprisingly Practical Uses for Silly Putty"
996:Toys and American culture : an encyclopedia
751:
965:
1075:The Butterfingered Modelbuilder's Adventures
696:
528:
526:
67:substitutes for use by the United States in
1306:Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry
544:Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry
182:, characterizing a material that acts as a
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725:
618:
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423:to polish astronomical telescope mirrors.
1188:Coleman, Jonathan N. (December 9, 2016).
1156:
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959:
786:Glater, Jonathan D. (November 22, 2002).
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473:
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272:. Rubber was vital for the production of
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966:Sterngass, Jon; Kachur, Matthew (2005).
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178:substance. Viscoelasticity is a type of
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704:"How to Get Silly Putty Out Of Clothes"
613:
532:
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411:characteristics, it was used by Apollo
365:and Europe. In 1968, it was taken into
243:Silly Putty in the form of a solid cube
139:(crystalline quartz), 9% Thixatrol ST (
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1295:Bohning, James J. (16 January 1986).
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533:Bohning, James J. (16 January 1986).
824:
764:. Binney & Smith. Archived from
644:
945:. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel.
13:
679:"Silly Putty Doesn't Work Anymore"
379:Silly Putty was inducted into the
189:over a long time period but as an
166:Silly Putty flowing through a hole
104:Video showing Silly Putty bouncing
14:
1399:
1254:
624:"The Synthesis of Bouncing Putty"
589:Thayer, Ann (November 27, 2000).
558:"Silly Putty – Trademark Details"
502:
591:"What's That Stuff? Silly Putty"
1181:
1124:
1103:
1089:
877:
860:
843:
805:
677:Holmes, Owen (August 1, 2006).
595:Chemical & Engineering News
21:Mind over Matter (Zion I album)
884:sillyputtyhistory.blogspot.com
833:"Nothing Else is Silly Putty!"
89:
1:
735:. Crayola LLC. Archived from
651:Clegg, Brian (22 July 2015).
460:
386:
59:liquid silicones, a type of
7:
1353:Products introduced in 1949
831:Coopee, Todd (2017-02-27).
438:
315:-born inventor working for
10:
1404:
419:uses a Silly-Putty backed
255:
131:-terminated polymers with
37:Silver-colored Silly Putty
25:
18:
1287:Science History Institute
1280:Center for Oral History.
993:Scott, Sharon M. (2010).
812:The Big Book of Boy Stuff
628:Western Oregon University
516:Science History Institute
509:Center for Oral History.
381:National Toy Hall of Fame
303:of the then newly formed
941:101 uses for Silly Putty
937:Sunshine, Linda (1990).
1214:10.1126/science.aag2879
478:Roberts, Jacob (2015).
394:Occupational therapists
251:Magnetic thinking putty
762:"Silly Putty Timeline"
653:"Polydimethylsiloxane"
484:Distillations Magazine
480:"A Successful Failure"
428:Trinity College Dublin
252:
244:
207:is also a fairly good
167:
105:
38:
1071:"Silly Putty masking"
898:Nowak, Peter (2011).
868:U.S. patent 2,541,851
851:U.S. patent 2,431,878
733:"Silly Putty History"
260:During World War II,
250:
242:
165:
103:
36:
1373:Non-Newtonian fluids
1368:Easton, Pennsylvania
1363:Dow Chemical Company
1343:Brand name materials
1304:. Philadelphia, PA:
1158:10.1364/OE.18.002242
542:. Philadelphia, PA:
172:polydimethylsiloxane
145:polydimethylsiloxane
1338:American inventions
1247:on 8 December 2016.
1206:2016Sci...354.1257B
1149:2010OExpr..18.2242K
1117:The Conversation US
1097:Scale Auto Magazine
1045:Walsh, Tim (2005).
417:Steward Observatory
307:; Harvey Chin; and
266:sphere of influence
61:non-Newtonian fluid
792:The New York Times
450:Flubber (material)
253:
245:
180:non-Newtonian flow
168:
149:cyclopentasiloxane
106:
39:
1282:"Earl L. Warrick"
1200:(6317): 1257–60.
708:HowStuffWorks.com
562:Justia Trademarks
511:"Earl L. Warrick"
426:Researchers from
383:on May 28, 2001.
101:
16:Toy putty (slime)
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355:Howdy Doody Show
317:General Electric
230:glow-in-the-dark
157:titanium dioxide
147:, 1% decamethyl
143:derivative), 4%
125:dimethylsiloxane
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28:Nutty Putty Cave
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1137:Optics Express
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1388:Sensory toys
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1269:. Retrieved
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1242:the original
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1081:30 September
1079:. Retrieved
1077:. 2015-06-24
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1028:. Retrieved
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920:. Retrieved
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797:30 September
795:. Retrieved
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766:the original
741:. Retrieved
737:the original
714:30 September
712:. Retrieved
710:. 2011-06-28
707:
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688:30 September
686:. Retrieved
683:Folio Weekly
682:
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662:30 September
660:. Retrieved
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631:. Retrieved
605:30 September
603:. Retrieved
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561:
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492:. Retrieved
487:
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406:
401:
397:
390:
378:
375:
373:astronauts.
363:Soviet Union
360:
353:
345:
342:
338:
333:silicone oil
309:James Wright
301:Earl Warrick
298:
259:
226:
222:
218:
202:
176:viscoelastic
169:
122:
118:viscoelastic
107:
75:
73:
69:World War II
57:viscoelastic
41:
40:
1383:Soft matter
1271:22 February
837:ToyTales.ca
633:27 February
494:21 February
455:Slime (toy)
398:Power Putty
367:lunar orbit
340:potential.
325:Connecticut
305:Dow Corning
270:Pacific Rim
234:iridescence
90:Description
76:Silly Putty
48:containing
42:Silly Putty
1333:1950s toys
1328:1940s toys
1317:Categories
1222:2262/82344
772:2009-10-21
461:References
413:astronauts
402:TheraPutty
387:Other uses
350:Korean War
346:New Yorker
329:boric acid
174:(PDMS), a
141:castor oil
133:boric acid
1323:Clay toys
814:, p. 88.
743:March 28,
321:New Haven
290:gas masks
213:newspaper
155:, and 1%
153:glycerine
80:trademark
74:The name
1378:Polymers
1238:23162303
1230:27940866
1175:43886693
1167:20174053
969:Plastics
490:(2): 8–9
445:Blu Tack
439:See also
433:graphene
409:adhesive
371:Apollo 8
336:rubber.
313:Scottish
286:aircraft
209:adhesive
198:dilatant
53:polymers
50:silicone
1348:Crayola
1266:Crayola
1202:Bibcode
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