776:
803:
818:, the health of larvae, quantity of cocoon and silk production, and disease resistance. Healthy larvae lead to a healthy cocoon crop. Health is dependent on factors such as better pupation rate, fewer dead larvae in the mountage, shorter larval duration (this lessens the chance of infection) and bluish-tinged fifth-instar larvae (which are healthier than the reddish-brown ones). Quantity of cocoon and silk produced are directly related to the pupation rate and larval weight. Healthier larvae have greater pupation rates and cocoon weights. Quality of cocoon and silk depends on a number of factors, including genetics.
553:
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995:, also known as Xi Lingshi. She was drinking tea under a tree when a silk cocoon fell into her tea. As she picked it out and started to wrap the silk thread around her finger, she slowly felt a warm sensation. When the silk ran out, she saw a small larva. In an instant, she realized this caterpillar larva was the source of the silk. She taught this to the people and it became widespread. Many more legends about the silkworm are told.
3402:
51:
599:
755:), has increased cocoon size, body size, growth rate, and efficiency of its digestion. It has gained tolerance to human presence and handling, and also to living in crowded conditions. The domestic silk moths cannot fly, so the males need human assistance in finding a mate, and it lacks fear of potential predators. The native color pigments have also been lost, so the domestic silk moths are
1020:, the girl was able to safely swallow that net into her stomach. Finally, the evil god summons his fellow thunder and rain gods to attack and burn away her clothes, forcing her to hide in a cave. Naked and cold, she spit out the net and used it as a blanket to sleep. The girl died in her sleep, and as she wished to continue to help other people, her soul turned into silkworms.
569:
1086:). If grasserie is observed in the chawkie stage, then the chawkie larvae must have been infected while hatching or during chawkie rearing. Infected eggs can be disinfected by cleaning their surfaces prior to hatching. Infections can occur as a result of improper hygiene in the chawkie rearing house. This disease develops faster in early instar rearing.
396:
Bivoltine varieties are normally found in East Asia, and their accelerated breeding process is made possible by slightly warmer climates. In addition, there are polyvoltine silkworms found only in the tropics. Their eggs typically hatch within 9 to 12 days, meaning there can be up to eight generations of larvae throughout the year.
350:, the practice of breeding silkworms for the production of raw silk, has existed for at least 5,000 years in China, whence it spread to India, Korea, Nepal, Japan, and then the West. The conventional process of sericulture kills the silkworm in the pupal stage. The domestic silk moth was domesticated from the wild silk moth
1066:, a fungus, destroys the entire silkworm body. This fungus usually appears when silkworms are raised under cold conditions with high humidity. This disease is not passed on to the eggs from moths, as the infected silkworms cannot survive to the moth stage. This fungus, however, can spread to other insects.
692:
developed scaffolds made of spongy silk that feel and look similar to human tissue. They are implanted during reconstructive surgery to support or restructure damaged ligaments, tendons, and other tissue. They also created implants made of silk and drug compounds which can be implanted under the skin
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kills 100% of silkworms hatched from infected eggs. This disease can be carried over from worms to moths, then to eggs and worms again. This microsporidium comes from the food that the silkworms eat. Female moths pass the disease to the eggs, and 100% of silkworms hatching from the diseased eggs die
830:
The domestic silk moth has been raised as a hobby in countries such as China, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Iran. Children often pass on the eggs to the next generation, creating a non-commercial population. The experience provides children with the opportunity to witness the life cycle of silk moths.
1015:
According to a
Vietnamese folk tale, silkworms were originally a beautiful housemaid running away from her gruesome masters and living in the mountain, where she was protected by the mountain god. One day, a lecherous god from the heaven came down to Earth to seduce women. When he saw her, he tried
473:
The cocoon is made of a thread of raw silk from 300 to about 900 metres (980 to about 3,000 ft) long. The fibers are fine and lustrous, about 10 μm (0.0004 in) in diameter. About 2,000 to 3,000 cocoons are required to make one pound (0.45 kg). At least 70 million lb
395:
Mulberry silkworms can be divided into three major categories based on seasonal brood frequency. Univoltine silkworms produce only one brood a season, and they are generally found in and around Europe. Univoltine eggs must hibernate through the winter, ultimately cross-fertilizing in spring.
700:
experimented with silkworms to see what they would weave when left on surfaces with different curvatures. They found that on particularly straight webs of lines, the silkworms would connect neighboring lines with silk, weaving directly onto the given shape. Using this knowledge they built a
630:
have been described. Another source suggests 1,000 inbred domesticated strains are kept worldwide. One useful development for the silk industry is silkworms that can feed on food other than mulberry leaves, including an artificial diet. Research on the genome also raises the possibility of
854:, most of which are transposable elements. At least 3,000 silkworm genes are unique, and have no homologous equivalents in other genomes. The silkworm's ability to produce large amounts of silk correlates with the presence of specific tRNA clusters, as well as some clustered
618:
in the study of lepidopteran and general arthropod biology. Fundamental findings on genetics, pheromones, hormones, brain structures, and physiology have been made with the silkworm. One example of this was the molecular identification of the first known pheromone,
826:
In the U.S., teachers may sometimes introduce the insect life cycle to their students by raising domestic silk moths in the classroom as a science project. Students have a chance to observe complete life cycles of insects from eggs to larvae to pupae to moths.
503:
philosophy "not to hurt any living thing". This led to Gandhi's promotion of cotton spinning machines, an example of which can be seen at the Gandhi
Institute, and an extension of this principle has led to the modern production practice known as
716:
sp. RH2180-5 and GPI0363 are among the notable antibiotics discovered using silkworms. In addition, antibiotics with appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters were selected that correlated with therapeutic activity in the silkworm infection model.
481:
to make a hole in the cocoon so it can emerge as an adult moth. These enzymes are destructive to the silk and can cause the silk fibers to break down from over a mile in length to segments of random length, which reduces the value of the silk
447:
After they have molted four times, their bodies become slightly yellow, and the skin becomes tighter. The larvae then prepare to enter the pupal phase of their life cycle, and enclose themselves in a cocoon made up of raw silk produced by the
520:
The moth is the adult phase of the silk worm's life cycle. Silk moths have a wingspan of 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) and a white, hairy body. Females are about two to three times bulkier than males (due to carrying many eggs). All adult
1098:. Diseased larvae show slow growth, undersized, pale and flaccid bodies, and poor appetite. Tiny black spots appear on larval integument. Additionally, dead larvae remain rubbery and do not undergo putrefaction after death.
2468:
Tong, Xiaoling; Han, Min-Jin; Lu, Kunpeng; Tai, Shuaishuai; Liang, Shubo; Liu, Yucheng; Hu, Hai; Shen, Jianghong; Long, Anxing; Zhan, Chengyu; Ding, Xin; Liu, Shuo; Gao, Qiang; Zhang, Bili; Zhou, Linli (24 September 2022).
1002:
prince brought to the oasis the secret of silk manufacture, "hiding silkworms in her hair as part of her dowry", probably in the first half of the first century AD. About AD 550, Christian monks are said to have
540:
species, whose males fly to meet females. Some may emerge with the ability to lift off and stay airborne, but sustained flight cannot be achieved as their bodies are too big and heavy for their small wings.
564:
have been used to mark leg development. In addition, removing specific segments of the thoracic legs at different ages of the larva resulted in the adult silk moth not developing the corresponding adult leg
490:, jackets, and other purposes. To prevent this, silkworm cocoons are boiled in water. The heat kills the silkworms, and the water makes the cocoons easier to unravel. Often, the silkworm is eaten.
356:, which has a range from northern India to northern China, Korea, Japan, and the far eastern regions of Russia. The domestic silk moth derives from Chinese rather than Japanese or Korean stock.
1016:
to rape her but she was able to escape and was hidden by the mountain god. The lecherous god then tried to find and capture her by setting a net trap around the mountain. With the blessing of
2066:
Paudel, A.; Hamamoto, H.; Panthee, S.; et al. (2020). "Large-Scale
Screening and Identification of Novel Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus Genes Using a Silkworm Infection Model".
1039:
Those which, when removed, cause larval development to stop entirely: lysine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, arginine, valine, tryptophan, threonine, phenylalanine, methionine
720:
Silkworms have also been used for the identification of novel virulence factors of pathogenic microorganisms. A first large-scale screening using transposon mutant library of
1035:
spp.). By developing techniques for using artificial diets, the amino acids needed for development are known. The various amino acids can be classified into five categories:
858:
genes. Additionally, the silkworm's ability to consume toxic mulberry leaves is linked to specialized sucrase genes, which appear to have been acquired from bacterial genes.
452:. The final molt from larva to pupa takes place within the cocoon, which provides a layer of protection during the vulnerable, almost motionless pupal state. Many other
2429:
Xiang, Hui; Liu, Xiaojing; Li, Muwang; Zhu, Ya’nan; Wang, Lizhi; Cui, Yong; Liu, Liyuan; Fang, Gangqi; Qian, Heying; Xu, Anying; Wang, Wen; Zhan, Shuai (2 July 2018).
340:. Domestic silk moths are entirely dependent on humans for reproduction, as a result of millennia of selective breeding. Wild silk moths, which are other species of
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626:
Many research works have focused on the genetics of silkworms and the possibility of genetic engineering. Many hundreds of strains are maintained, and over 400
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1382:
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in a collaborative effort to create a silkworm that is genetically altered to produce spider silk. In
September 2010, the effort was announced as successful.
2213:
Hong-Song Yu1; Yi-Hong Shen; Gang-Xiang Yuan; et al. (2011). "Evidence of selection at melanin synthesis pathway loci during silkworm domestication".
1004:
1903:
Panthee, S.; Hamamoto, H.; Suzuki, Y.; Sekimizu, K. (2017). "In silico identification of lysocin biosynthetic gene cluster from
Lysobacter sp. RH2180-5".
1109:
infected silkworms look weak and are colored dark brown before they die. The disease destroys the larva's gut and is caused by viruses or poisonous food.
1045:
Semi-essential amino acids, with negative effects that can be eliminated by supplementing with other amino acids: proline (ornithine can be substituted)
708:
Silkworms have been used in antibiotic discovery, as they have several advantageous traits compared to other invertebrate models. Antibiotics such as
728:. Another study by the same team of researchers revealed, for the first time, the role of YjbH in virulence and oxidative stress tolerance in vivo.
775:
3808:
2248:
1868:
Hamamoto, H.; Urai, M.; Ishii, K.; et al. (2015). "Lysocin E is a new antibiotic that targets menaquinone in the bacterial membrane. Nat".
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901:, they are boiled for extracting silk and the boiled pupae are eaten directly with salt or fried with chili pepper or herbs as a snack or dish.
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As the process of harvesting the silk from the cocoon kills the pupa, sericulture has been criticized by animal welfare and rights activists.
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1305:
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in their worm stage. To prevent this disease, eggs from infected moths are ruled out by checking the moth's body fluid under a microscope.
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of the domestic silk moth was published in 2008 by the
International Silkworm Genome Consortium. Draft sequences were published in 2004.
709:
2657:
814:
Silkworm breeding is aimed at the overall improvement of silkworms from a commercial point of view. The major objectives are improving
2566:
1717:
Rasmussen SW (April 1977). "The transformation of the
Synaptonemal Complex into the 'elimination chromatin' in Bombyx mori oocytes".
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623:, which required extracts from 500,000 individuals, due to the small quantities of pheromone produced by any individual silkworm.
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512:(from wild and semiwild silk moths) made from the cocoons of moths that are allowed to emerge before the silk is harvested.
3999:
3437:
486:, although these damaged silk cocoons are still used as "stuffing" available in China and elsewhere in the production of
3834:
2376:
Xia Q; Zhou Z; Lu C; et al. (2004). "A draft sequence for the genome of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori)".
2311:
1486:"Toyama Kametaro and Vernon Kellogg: Silkworm Inheritance Experiments in Japan, Siam, and the United States, 1900–1912"
631:
genetically engineering silkworms to produce proteins, including pharmacological drugs, in the place of silk proteins.
560:
The legs of the silk moth develop from the silkworm's larval (thoracic) legs. Developmental genes like
Distalless and
2604:
1141:
802:
435:. They are covered with tiny black hairs. When the color of their heads turns darker, it indicates they are about to
1191:
Prehistoric
Textiles: the Development of Cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with Special Reference to the Aegean
998:
The
Chinese guarded their knowledge of silk, but, according to one story, a Chinese princess given in marriage to a
3939:
2839:
2788:
2774:
2471:"High-resolution silkworm pan-genome provides genetic insights into artificial selection and ecological adaptation"
2003:"Pharmacokinetic parameters explain the therapeutic activity of antimicrobial agents in a silkworm infection model"
1668:
Xiang Y, Tsuchiya D, Guo F, Gardner J, McCroskey S, Price A, Tromer EC, Walters JR, Lake CM, Hawley RS (May 2023).
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period. Before then, the tools to manufacture quantities of silk thread had not been developed. The domesticated
219:
1367:
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Hideaki Maekawa; Naoko Takada; Kenichi Mikitani; et al. (1988). "Nucleolus organizers in the wild silkworm
3245:
2793:
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1766:
1219:
2803:
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The International Silkworm Genome Consortium (2008). "The genome of a lepidopteran model insect, the silkworm
439:. After molting, the larval phase of the silkworms emerge white, naked, and with little horns on their backs.
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3934:
3328:
2921:
1803:
1168:
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Non-essential amino acids that can by replaced through biosynthesis by the larvae: alanine, glycine, serine
866:
1948:"A novel spiro-heterocyclic compound identified by the silkworm infection model inhibits transcription in
1625:
Gerton and Hawley (2005). "Homologous Chromosome Interactions in Meiosis: Diversity Amidst Conservation".
4004:
3730:
3697:
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2170:
1072:, also known as nuclear polyhedrosis, milky disease, or hanging disease, is caused by infection with the
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entirely dependent upon humans for survival, and it does not exist in the wild. The eggs are kept in
31:
17:
2103:"YjbH regulates virulence genes expression and oxidative stress resistance in Staphylococcus aureus"
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3430:
3323:
3318:
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682:
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474:(32 million kg) of raw silk are produced each year, requiring nearly 10 billion cocoons.
103:
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In China, a legend indicates the discovery of the silkworm's silk was by an ancient empress named
552:
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Eggs take about 14 days to hatch into larvae, which eat continuously. They have a preference for
635:
females are also one of the few organisms with homologous chromosomes held together only by the
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Those which, when removed, impede later stages of larval development: glutamate and aspartate
953:, usually boiled, seasoned with fish sauce, then stir-fried and eaten as main dish with rice.
678:
627:
198:
3911:
2752:
Yoshitake, N. (1968). "Phylogenetic aspects on the origin of Japanese race of the silkworm,
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2014:
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silkworms hidden in a hollow stick out of China, selling the secret to the eastern Romans.
759:, since camouflage is not useful when they only live in captivity. These changes have made
689:
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636:
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336:, though they may eat other species of mulberry, and even leaves of other plants like the
8:
3944:
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3423:
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3333:
3215:
3100:
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2711:
1819:"Advantages of the silkworm as an animal model for developing novel antimicrobial agents"
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USA300 strain was performed which identified 8 new genes with roles in full virulence of
324:
of silk moths. The silkworm is of particular economic value, being a primary producer of
81:
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2279:
2018:
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960:, roasted silkworm is often sold at open markets. They are also sold as packaged snacks.
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2002:
1978:
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1670:"A molecular cell biology toolkit for the study of meiosis in the silkworm Bombyx mori"
1650:
1555:
1466:
1368:"Captive breeding for thousands of years has impaired olfactory functions in silkmoths"
1322:
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228:
98:
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Singh, Amit; Kango-Singh, Madhuri; Parthasarathy, R.; Gopinathan, K. P. (April 2007).
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1973:
1963:
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around 432 million base pairs. A notable feature is that 43.6% of the genome are
764:
1685:
1431:"Larval legs of mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori are prototypes for the adult legs"
1273:
3521:
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3297:
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3196:
3070:
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2486:
2026:
1603:
1233:"Molecular phylogeny of silkmoths reveals the origin of domesticated silkmoth,
992:
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862:
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produce cocoons, but only a few — the Bombycidae, in particular the genus
449:
333:
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If the animal survives through the pupal phase of its life cycle, it releases
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1968:
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Non-essential amino acids that can be removed with no effect at all: tyrosine
697:
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https://www.ignfa.gov.in/document/biodiversity-cell-ntfp-related-issues4.pdf
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Paudel, A.; Panthee, S.; Hamamoto, H.; Grunert, T.; Sekimizu, K. (2021).
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Several diseases caused by a variety of funguses are collectively named
877:
532:. The moth is not capable of functional flight, in contrast to the wild
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Silkworms were first domesticated in China more than 5,000 years ago.
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908:, they are boiled and seasoned to make a popular snack food known as
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Due to its small size and ease of culture, the silkworm has become a
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Information about silkworms for classroom teachers with many photos
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Silkworms have also been proposed for cultivation by astronauts as
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Silk moths were unlikely to have been domestically bred before the
64:
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3135:
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Kazuei Mita; Masahiro Kasahara; Shin Sasaki; et al. (2004).
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855:
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436:
414:
2264:"Sequencing 40 Silkworm Genomes Unravels History of Cultivation"
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is essentially monophagous, exclusively eating mulberry leaves (
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can still breed and sometimes produce hybrids. It is unknown if
3761:
3169:
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865:'s short reads for 137 strain genomes were published. In 2022,
840:
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145:
125:
73:
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50:
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Panthee, S.; Paudel, A.; Hamamoto, H.; Sekimizu, K. (2017).
1784:. Seed Magazine. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017
344:, are not as commercially viable in the production of silk.
3628:
3446:
3184:
2431:"The evolutionary road from wild moth to domestic silkworm"
2000:
1946:
Paudel, A.; Hamamoto, H.; Panthee, S.; et al. (2017).
1945:
561:
483:
325:
300:
1526:
Goldsmith, Marian R.; Shimada, Toru; Abe, Hiroaki (2005).
2001:
Paudel, A.; Panthee, S.; Makoto, U.; et al. (2018).
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The genome of the domestic silk moth is mid-range with a
568:
1528:"The genetics and genomics of the silkworm, Bombyx mori"
983:
Horse in Chinese mythology § Origins of sericulture
3415:
2160:
Marian R. Goldsmith; Toru Shimada; Hiroaki Abe (2005).
1667:
1231:
K. P. Arunkumar; Muralidhar Metta; J. Nagaraju (2006).
2794:
WormSpit, a site about silkworms, silk moths, and silk
2821:
1943 article with first photographic study of subject
869:'s long reads for 545 strain genomes were published.
821:
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for steady and gradual time release of medications.
2854:
1525:
1092:is a disease caused by a parasitic microsporidian,
934:(佃煮), i.e., boiled in a sweet-sour sauce made with
470: — have been exploited for fabric production.
2703:
2597:Ancient Technologies and Archaeological Materials
1218:Sh. S.D. Pateriya. "Introduction to Sericulture".
610:tree and the eggs and larvae of the silkworm moth.
1624:
1288:
806:Silkworm cocoons weighed and sorted (Liang Kai's
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1424:
1422:
947:
2595:Sarah Underhill Wisseman, Wendell S. Williams.
2375:
779:Silkworms and mulberry leaves placed on trays (
528:The wings of the silk moth develop from larval
525:moths have reduced mouthparts and do not feed.
413:, having an attraction to the mulberry odorant
379:species. Compared to most members in the genus
30:"Silkworm" redirects here. For other uses, see
2261:
1779:
921:, street vendors sell roasted silk moth pupae.
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2731:The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity
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2428:
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1521:
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588:A study of an egg of a silkworm from Hooke's
497:was critical of silk production based on the
399:
2467:
2162:"The genetics and genomics of the silkworm,
705:with 6,500 silkworms over a number of days.
602:1679 study of the silkworm metamorphosis by
2814:Silkworm School Science Project Instruction
2804:SilkBase Silkworm full length cDNA Database
2312:"Mountage: Meaning and Types | Sericulture"
2247:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3438:
3424:
2847:
2833:
2771:"Cocoon Silk: A Natural Silk Architecture"
2758:Journal of Sericological Sciences of Japan
1566:
1516:
1383:"Cocoon Silk: A Natural Silk Architecture"
63:
49:
27:Moth mainly used in the production of silk
2502:
2352:
2287:
2136:
2118:
2034:
1977:
1967:
1844:
1834:
1716:
1693:
1584:Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
712:, a non-ribosomal peptide synthesized by
2541:"Have You Tried Steamed Silkworm Pupae?"
876:
801:
793:
774:
735:
597:
583:
567:
551:
543:
328:. The silkworm's preferred food are the
2701:
2622:: An Overview of What You Need to Know
606:, it depicts the fruit and leaves of a
58:Paired male (above) and female (below)
14:
3927:
3131:List of crop plants pollinated by bees
2728:
1187:
1078:Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus
751:, compared to the wild species (e.g.,
421:, since they can eat other species of
383:, domestic silk moths have lost their
3649:
3648:
3419:
2828:
2645:
2567:"Care for a Silkworm With Your Tang?"
2184:10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130456
1544:10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130456
1483:
1346:. Jones & Bartlett. p. 400.
1253:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3886:fceffdc7-3645-4837-9076-da0826899d6e
2768:
2649:The culture of the mulberry silkworm
2565:Choi, Charles Q. (13 January 2009).
2564:
2527:"10 Weird Foods in India - Eri polu"
1380:
1339:
928:, silkworms are usually served as a
1413:"Mahatma Gandhi: 100 years", 1968,
1343:Evolution: Principles and Processes
24:
2639:
2331:"The genome sequence of silkworm,
667:does not occur between the paired
651:(lacking crossovers). Even though
25:
4021:
2782:
2773:. Sense of Nature. Archived from
1490:Journal of the History of Biology
1385:. Sense of Nature. Archived from
1142:List of animals that produce silk
822:Hobby raising and school projects
442:
387:as well as their ability to fly.
3400:
1074:Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus
731:
310:. It is the closest relative of
102:
3603:Silk in the Indian subcontinent
2646:Kelly, Henrietta Aiken (1903).
2616:Hamed Kioumarsi, Nazanin Amani
2610:
2589:
2558:
2533:
2519:
2461:
2422:
2369:
2322:
2304:
2255:
2215:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2206:
2153:
2094:
2059:
1994:
1939:
1896:
1861:
1810:
1773:
1759:
1745:
1710:
1661:
1618:
1477:
3246:Home-stored product entomology
2654:U.S. Department of Agriculture
2435:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1407:
1393:
1374:
1360:
1333:
1299:and the domesticated silkworm
1224:
1212:
1181:
13:
1:
3329:Decline in insect populations
2922:List of insect-inspired songs
2120:10.1080/21505594.2021.1875683
1753:"Kraig Biocraft Laboratories"
1484:Onaga, Lisa (11 March 2010).
1174:
971:
3985:Traditional Chinese medicine
1241:and paternal inheritance of
1169:List of domesticated animals
639:(and not crossovers) during
7:
4000:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2809:Silk worm Life cycle photos
2171:Annual Review of Entomology
1532:Annual Review of Entomology
1274:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.023
1120:
1055:
770:
677:has used research from the
675:Kraig Biocraft Laboratories
579:
10:
4026:
3359:Pesticide toxicity to bees
3339:List of endangered insects
2735:Princeton University Press
2685:Cambridge University Press
2658:Government Printing Office
2487:10.1038/s41467-022-33366-x
2027:10.1038/s41598-018-19867-0
1767:"University of Notre Dame"
1604:10.1016/j.ibmb.2008.11.004
1196:Princeton University Press
1023:
1010:
980:
872:
767:to aid in their hatching.
464:, in particular the genus
400:Description and life cycle
29:
3657:
3621:
3613:Silk industry of Cheshire
3595:
3499:
3453:
3397:
3369:
3311:
3263:
3214:
3099:
3038:
3010:
2968:
2937:
2880:
2866:
2447:10.1038/s41559-018-0593-4
2289:10.1126/science.325_1058a
1802:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1686:10.1093/g3journal/jkad058
1502:10.1007/s10739-010-9222-z
1188:Barber, E. J. W. (1992).
834:
404:
375:can hybridize with other
303:species belonging to the
234:
227:
204:
197:
99:Scientific classification
97:
88:
79:
71:
62:
57:
48:
41:
32:Silkworm (disambiguation)
3445:
3324:Colony collapse disorder
3319:Bees and toxic chemicals
2819:Life Cycle Of A Silkworm
2789:Student page on silkworm
2702:Johnson, Sylvia (1989).
2681:Evolution of the Insects
1969:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00712
1836:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00373
976:
665:homologous recombination
647:, meiosis is completely
427:, as well as some other
390:
295:, commonly known as the
282:Moore & Hutton, 1862
276:Moore & Hutton, 1862
264:Moore & Hutton, 1862
258:Moore & Hutton, 1862
246:Moore & Hutton, 1862
3940:Moths described in 1758
3226:Insect bites and stings
3203:Drosophila melanogaster
3116:Biological pest control
2400:10.1126/science.1102210
2262:Dennis Normile (2009).
1627:Nature Reviews Genetics
1340:Hall, Brian K. (2010).
968:on long-term missions.
679:Universities of Wyoming
515:
3970:Moths of North America
3608:Silk industry in China
3291:Rats, Lice and History
2729:Scoble, M. J. (1995).
2354:10.1093/dnares/11.1.27
2080:10.1093/infdis/jiaa004
1782:"The Silk Renaissance"
948:
891:eaten in some cultures
882:
811:
799:
788:
744:
655:are formed during the
653:synaptonemal complexes
611:
595:
576:
557:
549:
316:, the wild silk moth.
3276:Alfred Russel Wallace
3061:Entomological warfare
2912:Insects in literature
2571:ScienceNOW Daily News
2475:Nature Communications
2227:10.1093/molbev/msr002
1950:Staphylococcus aureus
1882:10.1038/nchembio.1710
881:Silkworm pupae dishes
880:
805:
797:
778:
747:The domestic species
739:
722:Staphylococcus aureus
643:. In the oocytes of
601:
587:
571:
555:
547:
3990:Moths of New Zealand
3935:Domesticated animals
3231:Insect sting allergy
3025:Cicadas in mythology
1780:Wolchover, Natalie.
885:Silk moth pupae are
852:repetitive sequences
659:stage of meiosis in
637:synaptonemal complex
604:Maria Sibylla Merian
3634:Tenun Pahang Diraja
3334:Habitat destruction
3086:Insects in religion
2712:Lerner Publications
2599:. Routledge, 1994.
2577:on 25 February 2011
2392:2004Sci...306.1937X
2280:2009Sci...325.1058N
2274:(5944): 1058–1059.
2019:2018NatSR...8.1578P
1917:10.1038/ja.2016.102
1596:2008IBMB...38.1036T
1266:2006MolPE..40..419A
945:, this is known as
696:Researchers at the
628:Mendelian mutations
479:proteolytic enzymes
268:Bombyx meridionalis
244:Bombyx arracanensis
82:Conservation status
4005:Insects in culture
3407:Insects portal
3379:Insects and humans
2907:Arthropods in film
2856:Human interactions
2769:Trevisan, Adrian.
2673:Grimaldi, David A.
1755:. 13 October 2014.
1731:10.1007/BF00329771
1381:Trevisan, Adrian.
1319:10.1007/BF00286912
1245:mitochondrial DNA"
1063:Beauveria bassiana
991:, the wife of the
883:
812:
800:
789:
745:
612:
596:
577:
558:
550:
297:domestic silk moth
3995:Insects of Turkey
3922:
3921:
3907:Open Tree of Life
3651:Taxon identifiers
3642:
3641:
3413:
3412:
3302:Insect Literature
3259:
3258:
3158:Carmine/Cochineal
3111:Beneficial insect
3081:Insects in ethics
3030:Scarab (artifact)
3020:Bees in mythology
2929:Insects on stamps
2744:978-0-19-854952-9
2721:978-0-8225-9557-1
2694:978-0-521-82149-0
2677:Engel, Michael S.
2652:. Washington DC:
2630:978-600-91994-0-2
2386:(5703): 1937–40.
2074:(11): 1795–1804.
1769:. 6 January 2012.
1590:(12): 1036–1045.
1447:10.1002/dvg.20280
1401:"faostat.fao.org"
1353:978-0-763-76039-7
1243:Antheraea proylei
1205:978-0-691-00224-8
548:2- thoracic legs.
288:
287:
262:Bombyx fortunatus
92:
16:(Redirected from
4017:
3915:
3914:
3902:
3901:
3889:
3888:
3879:
3878:
3866:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3843:
3842:
3830:
3829:
3817:
3816:
3804:
3803:
3791:
3790:
3778:
3777:
3765:
3764:
3752:
3751:
3739:
3738:
3726:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3706:
3705:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3646:
3645:
3557:Murshidabad silk
3440:
3433:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3405:
3404:
3281:Jean-Henri Fabre
3056:Cricket fighting
3051:Cockroach racing
2917:Insects in music
2878:
2877:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2778:
2765:
2748:
2725:
2709:
2698:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2633:
2614:
2608:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2573:. Archived from
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2529:. February 2013.
2523:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2441:(8): 1268–1279.
2426:
2420:
2419:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2356:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2291:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2238:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2140:
2122:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2038:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1838:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1575:
1564:
1563:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1426:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1297:Bombyx mandarina
1292:
1286:
1285:
1249:
1239:Bombyx mandarina
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1185:
1083:Alphabaculovirus
951:
787:c. 13th century)
663:, crossing-over
369:Bombyx mandarina
353:Bombyx mandarina
313:Bombyx mandarina
270:Wood-Mason, 1886
210:
107:
106:
91:
67:
53:
39:
38:
21:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4014:
3965:Moths of Africa
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3910:
3905:
3897:
3894:Observation.org
3892:
3884:
3882:
3874:
3869:
3861:
3859:
3851:
3846:
3838:
3833:
3825:
3820:
3812:
3807:
3799:
3794:
3786:
3781:
3773:
3768:
3760:
3755:
3747:
3742:
3734:
3729:
3721:
3719:
3711:
3709:
3701:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3653:
3643:
3638:
3617:
3591:
3495:
3461:History of silk
3449:
3444:
3414:
3409:
3399:
3393:
3371:
3365:
3307:
3255:
3217:
3210:
3102:
3095:
3034:
3006:
2964:
2933:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2853:
2785:
2745:
2722:
2695:
2662:
2660:
2642:
2640:Further reading
2637:
2636:
2624:. AREEO, 2021.
2615:
2611:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2466:
2462:
2427:
2423:
2374:
2370:
2327:
2323:
2318:. 21 July 2016.
2310:
2309:
2305:
2260:
2256:
2240:
2239:
2211:
2207:
2158:
2154:
2099:
2095:
2064:
2060:
1999:
1995:
1956:Front Microbiol
1944:
1940:
1901:
1897:
1866:
1862:
1823:Front Microbiol
1815:
1811:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1778:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1715:
1711:
1666:
1662:
1639:10.1038/nrg1614
1623:
1619:
1576:
1567:
1524:
1517:
1482:
1478:
1427:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1338:
1334:
1293:
1289:
1247:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1132:History of silk
1123:
1095:Nosema bombycis
1058:
1026:
1013:
985:
979:
974:
875:
837:
824:
773:
740:Gold silkworm,
734:
688:Researchers at
582:
556:Adult silk moth
518:
450:salivary glands
445:
417:. They are not
407:
402:
393:
274:Bombyx sinensis
223:
212:
206:
193:
101:
93:
84:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4023:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3960:Moths of Japan
3957:
3952:
3950:Edible insects
3947:
3942:
3937:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3903:
3890:
3880:
3867:
3857:
3844:
3831:
3818:
3805:
3792:
3779:
3766:
3753:
3740:
3727:
3717:
3707:
3694:
3679:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3522:Byzantine silk
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3420:
3411:
3410:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3298:Lafcadio Hearn
3295:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3271:Jan Swammerdam
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3197:Model organism
3194:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3071:Insect farming
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2974:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2955:Artificial fly
2952:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2888:Insects in art
2884:
2882:
2875:
2864:
2863:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2784:
2783:External links
2781:
2780:
2779:
2777:on 7 May 2012.
2766:
2749:
2743:
2726:
2720:
2699:
2693:
2669:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2609:
2588:
2557:
2532:
2518:
2460:
2421:
2368:
2321:
2303:
2254:
2221:(6): 1785–99.
2205:
2152:
2113:(1): 470–480.
2093:
2068:J. Infect. Dis
2058:
1993:
1938:
1911:(2): 204–207.
1895:
1876:(2): 127–133.
1860:
1809:
1772:
1758:
1744:
1709:
1660:
1633:(6): 477–487.
1617:
1565:
1515:
1496:(2): 215–264.
1476:
1441:(4): 169–176.
1418:
1406:
1392:
1389:on 7 May 2012.
1373:
1359:
1352:
1332:
1313:(4): 263–269.
1287:
1260:(2): 419–427.
1223:
1211:
1204:
1198:. p. 31.
1179:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1087:
1067:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1025:
1022:
1012:
1009:
993:Yellow Emperor
978:
975:
973:
970:
962:
961:
954:
939:
922:
915:
902:
887:edible insects
874:
871:
836:
833:
823:
820:
772:
769:
733:
730:
616:model organism
581:
578:
530:imaginal disks
517:
514:
495:Mahatma Gandhi
444:
443:Pupae (cocoon)
441:
411:white mulberry
406:
403:
401:
398:
392:
389:
334:white mulberry
286:
285:
284:
283:
277:
271:
265:
259:
253:
252:Grünberg, 1911
250:Bombyx brunnea
247:
241:
240:Linnaeus, 1758
232:
231:
225:
224:
213:
202:
201:
195:
194:
187:
185:
181:
180:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
95:
94:
89:
86:
85:
80:
77:
76:
69:
68:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4022:
4011:
4010:Animal models
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3955:Moths of Asia
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:Rajshahi silk
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3547:Japanese silk
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Silk throwing
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3429:
3427:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3408:
3403:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:Neonicotinoid
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:Other aspects
3037:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2899:Musca depicta
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2606:
2605:2-88124-632-X
2602:
2598:
2592:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2546:
2545:Atlas Obscura
2542:
2536:
2528:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2325:
2317:
2316:Zoology Notes
2313:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1805:
1799:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1762:
1754:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1725:(3): 205–21.
1724:
1720:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:G3 (Bethesda)
1671:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1538:(1): 71–100.
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1423:
1416:
1410:
1402:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1363:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1237:from Chinese
1236:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1164:Japanese silk
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1148:Samia cynthia
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1019:
1008:
1006:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
984:
969:
967:
959:
955:
952:
950:
944:
940:
937:
933:
932:
927:
923:
920:
916:
913:
912:
907:
903:
900:
896:
895:
894:
892:
888:
879:
870:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
832:
828:
819:
817:
809:
804:
796:
792:
786:
782:
777:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
743:
738:
732:Domestication
729:
727:
723:
718:
715:
711:
706:
704:
703:silk pavilion
699:
698:MIT Media Lab
694:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
624:
622:
617:
609:
605:
600:
593:
592:
586:
575:
570:
566:
563:
562:extradenticle
554:
546:
542:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
513:
511:
507:
502:
501:
496:
491:
489:
485:
480:
475:
471:
469:
468:
463:
459:
455:
451:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:
420:
416:
412:
397:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:and the wild
366:
362:
357:
355:
354:
349:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:
309:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:
281:
280:Bombyx textor
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:Bombyx croesi
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
238:Phalaena mori
236:
235:
233:
230:
226:
221:
217:
211:
209:
203:
200:
199:Binomial name
196:
192:
191:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
105:
100:
96:
90:Domesticated
87:
83:
78:
75:
70:
66:
61:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3658:
3532:Chinese silk
3527:Burmese silk
3384:Insecticides
3301:
3289:
3286:Hans Zinsser
3251:Clothes moth
3201:
3012:In mythology
2945:Fishing bait
2897:
2775:the original
2761:
2757:
2753:
2730:
2705:
2680:
2661:. Retrieved
2648:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2596:
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2575:the original
2570:
2560:
2548:. Retrieved
2544:
2535:
2521:
2478:
2474:
2463:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2347:(1): 27–35.
2344:
2340:DNA Research
2338:
2332:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2243:cite journal
2218:
2214:
2208:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1941:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1786:. Retrieved
1775:
1761:
1747:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1535:
1531:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1438:
1434:
1409:
1395:
1387:the original
1376:
1362:
1342:
1335:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1257:
1251:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1214:
1190:
1183:
1146:
1099:
1093:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1061:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1014:
997:
986:
963:
946:
929:
909:
899:Assam, India
884:
860:
845:
838:
829:
825:
813:
807:
790:
784:
760:
753:B. mandarina
752:
748:
746:
725:
721:
719:
713:
707:
695:
687:
673:
660:
644:
632:
625:
613:
591:Micrographia
589:
573:
559:
537:
534:B. mandarina
533:
527:
519:
498:
492:
476:
472:
465:
457:
446:
433:Osage orange
422:
408:
394:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
358:
351:
346:
341:
338:osage orange
317:
311:
296:
291:
290:
289:
279:
273:
267:
261:
255:
249:
243:
237:
207:
205:
190:B. mori
189:
188:
176:
42:
36:
3980:Sericulture
3796:iNaturalist
3710:AfroMoths:
3703:Bombyx_mori
3689:Bombyx mori
3683:Wikispecies
3659:Bombyx mori
3582:Tussar silk
3562:Mysore silk
3507:Ahimsa silk
3471:Sericulture
3370:Categories,
3349:Insecticide
3180:Sericulture
3151:Royal jelly
3076:Flea circus
3066:Entomophagy
3000:Cantharidin
2995:Spanish fly
2970:In medicine
2950:Fly fishing
2881:In the arts
2754:Bombyx mori
2620:Bombyx mori
2607:. Page 131.
2333:Bombyx mori
2164:Bombyx mori
2013:(1): 1578.
1905:J. Antibiot
1580:Bombyx mori
1235:Bombyx mori
1100:N. bombycis
1029:Bombyx mori
848:genome size
808:Sericulture
785:Sericulture
742:Han dynasty
669:chromosomes
633:Bombyx mori
508:, which is
506:Ahimsa silk
462:Saturniidae
454:Lepidoptera
419:monophagous
415:cis-jasmone
365:Bombyx mori
348:Sericulture
292:Bombyx mori
208:Bombyx mori
156:Lepidoptera
43:Bombyx mori
3945:Bombycidae
3929:Categories
3863:BombyxMori
3596:Industries
3517:Atlas silk
3512:Assam silk
3491:Silk waste
3389:Pesticides
3126:Bee pollen
3121:Beekeeping
3103:entomology
3046:Biomimicry
2978:Apitherapy
2938:In fishing
2893:Beetlewing
2874:in culture
2663:17 January
2632:. Page 27.
2581:14 January
2178:: 71–100.
1870:Chem. Biol
1719:Chromosoma
1306:Chromosoma
1175:References
1114:Muscardine
981:See also:
972:In culture
966:space food
938:and sugar.
765:incubators
714:Lysobacter
683:Notre Dame
649:achiasmate
572:Cocoon of
536:and other
523:Bombycidae
460:, and the
385:coloration
308:Bombycidae
166:Bombycidae
136:Arthropoda
3587:Wild silk
3577:Thai silk
3481:Silk Road
3476:Silk mill
3466:Magnanery
3372:templates
3344:Pesticide
2960:Fly tying
2706:Silkworms
2618:Silkworm/
2495:2041-1723
2455:2397-334X
2129:2150-5594
2107:Virulence
1510:0022-5010
1455:1526-954X
1154:Thai silk
1137:Silk Road
1127:Cocoonase
1107:Flacherie
1070:Grasserie
949:nhộng tằm
936:soy sauce
931:tsukudani
861:In 2018,
839:The full
816:fecundity
781:Liang Kai
757:leucistic
726:S. aureus
710:lysocin E
657:pachytene
565:segments.
510:wild silk
467:Antheraea
431:, mostly
361:Neolithic
318:Silkworms
184:Species:
122:Kingdom:
116:Eukaryota
18:Silkworms
3860:MaBENA:
3835:LepIndex
3814:10335368
3720:BioLib:
3713:BOMBMORI
3668:Wikidata
3622:Products
3572:Sea silk
3552:Lao silk
3542:Pat silk
3537:Eri silk
3312:Concerns
3264:Pioneers
3241:Woodworm
3146:Propolis
3101:Economic
2988:Melittin
2983:Apitoxin
2764:: 83–87.
2679:(2005).
2550:6 August
2513:36153338
2408:15591204
2363:15141943
2298:19713499
2235:21212153
2200:44514698
2192:15355234
2147:33487122
2088:31912866
2045:29371643
2007:Sci. Rep
1988:28487682
1933:40912719
1925:27553855
1890:25485686
1855:28326075
1798:cite web
1704:36911915
1695:10151401
1655:31929047
1647:15931171
1612:19121390
1560:44514698
1552:15355234
1463:17417803
1327:12870165
1282:16644243
1159:Lao silk
1121:See also
1080:, genus
1056:Diseases
1005:smuggled
958:Thailand
911:beondegi
889:and are
867:Nanopore
863:Illumina
771:Breeding
621:bombykol
608:mulberry
580:Research
429:Moraceae
320:are the
229:Synonyms
216:Linnaeus
162:Family:
132:Phylum:
126:Animalia
112:Domain:
3788:1868664
3674:Q134747
3454:General
3236:Bed bug
3218:insects
3216:Harmful
3192:Shellac
3136:Beeswax
3091:Jingzhe
2871:insects
2867:Aspects
2860:insects
2504:9509368
2416:7227719
2388:Bibcode
2379:Science
2276:Bibcode
2268:Science
2138:7849776
2053:3328235
2036:5785531
2015:Bibcode
1979:5403886
1962:: 712.
1846:5339274
1829:: 373.
1592:Bibcode
1471:7171141
1435:Genesis
1301:B. mori
1262:Bibcode
1090:Pébrine
1024:Feeding
1018:Guanyin
1011:Vietnam
943:Vietnam
873:As food
856:sericin
761:B. mori
749:B. mori
661:B. mori
645:B. mori
641:meiosis
574:B. mori
484:threads
373:B. mori
299:, is a
172:Genus:
152:Order:
146:Insecta
142:Class:
3912:440274
3899:788806
3883:NZOR:
3827:117540
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3775:BOMBMO
3762:391618
3723:127713
3175:Kermes
3170:Chitin
3163:Polish
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538:Bombyx
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488:duvets
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377:Bombyx
342:Bombyx
330:leaves
322:larvae
305:family
177:Bombyx
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1467:S2CID
1323:S2CID
1248:(PDF)
1076:(aka
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989:Leizu
977:China
926:Japan
919:China
906:Korea
798:Pupae
690:Tufts
424:Morus
391:Types
3975:Silk
3876:7091
3871:NCBI
3853:7668
3848:MONA
3822:ITIS
3783:GBIF
3770:EPPO
3749:MGPB
3731:BOLD
3629:Sari
3447:Silk
3185:Silk
2739:ISBN
2716:ISBN
2689:ISBN
2665:2012
2626:ISBN
2601:ISBN
2583:2009
2552:2022
2509:PMID
2491:ISSN
2451:ISSN
2404:PMID
2359:PMID
2294:PMID
2249:link
2231:PMID
2188:PMID
2143:PMID
2125:ISSN
2084:PMID
2041:PMID
1984:PMID
1921:PMID
1886:PMID
1851:PMID
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1790:2012
1735:PMID
1700:PMID
1643:PMID
1608:PMID
1548:PMID
1506:ISSN
1459:PMID
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1348:ISBN
1278:PMID
1200:ISBN
681:and
516:Moth
437:molt
326:silk
301:moth
220:1758
3757:EoL
3744:CoL
3698:AFD
2869:of
2499:PMC
2483:doi
2443:doi
2396:doi
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2023:doi
1974:PMC
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1913:doi
1878:doi
1841:PMC
1831:doi
1727:doi
1690:PMC
1682:doi
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1600:doi
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