552:
1030:) to remove, or discharge, the dye back off the fabric. Cons of using discharge inks are that the process only works properly on dark fabrics that have a content of 100% cotton. Fabrics with under-dyes and fabric blends will discharge their dye to different degrees. The fumes resulting from the application and curing are pungent and strong ventilation and a face mask are commonly needed to relieve exposure. Pros to this process is that discharge is especially effective for distressed prints and under-basing on dark garments that are to be printed with additional layers of plastisol. It adds variety to the design and gives it that natural soft feel.
999:
765:
47:
130:
797:, and a finer and smaller aperture for the mesh would be utilized for a design that requires a higher and more delicate degree of detail. For the mesh to be effective, it must be mounted on a frame and it must be under tension. The frame which holds the mesh could be made of diverse materials, such as wood or aluminum, depending on the sophistication of the machine or the artisan procedure. The tension of the mesh may be checked by using a tensiometer; a common unit for the measurement of the tension of the mesh is
1154:
865:(rubber blade) to move the mesh down to the substrate and pushes the squeegee to the rear of the screen. The ink that is in the mesh opening is pumped or squeezed by capillary action to the substrate in a controlled and prescribed amount, i.e. the wet ink deposit is proportional to the thickness of the mesh and or stencil. As the squeegee moves toward the rear of the screen the tension of the mesh pulls the mesh up away from the substrate (called snap-off) leaving the ink upon the substrate surface.
826:
106:
814:
946:
782:
2174:
774:
668:
913:, or printed with a computer printer, but making so that the areas to be inked are not transparent. Any material that blocks ultra violet light can be used as the film, even card stock. A black-and-white positive may also be used (projected onto the screen). However, unlike traditional plate-making, these screens are normally exposed by using film positives.
886:
1274:. Many companies offer simple to sophisticated printing presses. These presses come in one of three types, manual (also referred to as handbench), semi-automatic, and fully automatic. Most printing companies will use one or more semi-automatic or fully automatic machines with manual machines for small runs and sampling.
1478:
for the top and bottom silk screens have their origin in times when printed circuit boards were typically equipped with components populated on one side of the board only, the so called "component side" (top) versus the opposite "solder side" (bottom) where these components were soldered (at least in
1101:
Plastisol is the most common ink used in commercial garment decoration. Good colour opacity onto dark garments and clear graphic detail with, as the name suggests, a more plasticized texture. This print can be made softer with special additives or heavier by adding extra layers of ink. Plastisol inks
1118:
Suede ink is a milky coloured additive that is added to plastisol. With suede additive you can make any colour of plastisol have a suede feel. It is actually a puff blowing agent that does not bubble as much as regular puff ink. The directions vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, but generally up
848:
In fabric printing, the surface supporting the fabric to be printed (commonly referred to as a pallet) is coated with a wide 'pallet tape'. This serves to protect the 'pallet' from any unwanted ink leaking through the screen and potentially staining the 'pallet' or transferring unwanted ink onto the
844:
Before printing occurs, the frame and screen must undergo the pre-press process, in which an emulsion is 'scooped' across the mesh. Once this emulsion has dried, it is selectively exposed to ultra-violet light, through a film printed with the required design. This hardens the emulsion in the exposed
538:
Traditionally, silk was used in the process. Currently, synthetic threads are commonly used. The most popular mesh in general use is made of polyester. There are special-use mesh materials of nylon and stainless steel available to the screen-printer. There are also different types of mesh size which
1281:
These machines are much faster and use either pneumatic pressure generated by air compressors or use electric motors to draw the squeegees, rotate and raise or lower pallets removing much of the manual labour from the task and use UV for instant image curing - resulting in significant reductions in
868:
There are three common types of screen printing presses: flat-bed, cylinder, and rotary. A development of screen printing with flat screens from 1963 was to wrap the screen around to form a tube, with the ink supply and squeegee inside the tube. The resulting roller rotates at the same speed as the
852:
Next, the screen and frame are lined with a tape to prevent ink from reaching the edge of the screen and the frame. The type of tape used in for this purpose often depends upon the ink that is to be printed onto the substrate. More aggressive tapes are generally used for UV and water-based inks due
1143:
High density is a process which uses a type of varnish against a lower mesh count with many coats of emulsion or a thicker grade of emulsion (e.g., Capillex). After the varnish passes through to the substrate, an embossed-appearing, 'raised' area of varnish is created. When cured at the end of the
755:
Another variation, digital hybrid screen printing, is a union between analog screen printing and traditional digital direct-to-garment printing, two of the most common textile embellishment technologies in use today. Essentially, digital hybrid screen printing is an automatic screen-printing press
876:
Most screens are ready for re-coating at this stage, but sometimes screens will have to undergo a further step in the reclaiming process called de-hazing. This additional step removes haze or "ghost images" left behind in the screen once the emulsion has been removed. Ghost images tend to faintly
860:
The screen is placed atop a substrate. Ink is placed on top of the screen, and a floodbar is used to push the ink through the holes in the mesh. The operator begins with the fill bar at the rear of the screen and behind a reservoir of ink. The operator lifts the screen to prevent contact with the
542:
The technique is used not only for garment printing but for printing on many other substances, including decals, clock and watch faces, balloons, and many other products. Advanced uses include laying down conductors and resistors in multi-layer circuits using thin ceramic layers as the substrate.
1048:
Foil is much like flock, starting with an adhesive glue or plastisol ink base layer. Foil is finished by applying a thin sheet of reflective/mirror like material on top of the screened base, then heat pressed to set. The foil substrate does not adhere to non-screened areas of the design, and the
600:
compounds. Roy Beck, Charles Peter and Edward Owens studied and experimented with chromic acid salt sensitized emulsions for photo-reactive stencils. This trio of developers would prove to revolutionize the commercial screen printing industry by introducing photo-imaged stencils to the industry,
1132:
As opposed to a thicker plastisol ink, this dye arrives as a concentrate which is mixed into a printing paste (thickener) to allow screen printing, this process is best used on light garments and as the dye is in the fibers themselves is often used for dish cloths, napkins and the like. This is
872:
Textile items printed with multi-coloured designs often use a wet on wet technique, or colours dried while on the press, while graphic items are allowed to dry between colours that are then printed with another screen and often in a different colour after the product is re-aligned on the press.
856:
The last process in the 'pre-press' is blocking out any unwanted 'pin-holes' in the emulsion. If these holes are left in the emulsion, the ink will continue through and leave unwanted marks. To block out these holes, materials such as tapes, speciality emulsions and 'block-out pens' may be used
1277:
Whilst manual screen printing can be done with carousels, handbenches (both of which are often referred to colloquially as presses) or even on to tables. Semi- and fully-automatic machines are broken into two main categories; flatbed printers (poster, art printing or other flat substrates) and
1058:
Four-colour process is when the artwork is created and then separated into four colours (CMYK) which combine to create the full spectrum of colours needed for photographic prints. This means a large number of colours can be simulated using only 4 screens, reducing costs, time, and set-up. This
712:
American entrepreneur, artist and inventor
Michael Vasilantone started to use, develop, and sell a rotatable multicolour garment screen printing machine in 1960. Vasilantone later filed for a patent on his invention in 1967 granted number 3,427,964 on 18 February 1969. The original machine was
534:
with ink, and a reverse stroke then causes the screen to touch the substrate momentarily along a line of contact. This causes the ink to wet the substrate and be pulled out of the mesh apertures as the screen springs back after the blade has passed. One colour is printed at a time, so several
877:
outline the open areas of previous stencils, hence the name. They are the result of ink residue trapped in the mesh, often in the knuckles of the mesh (the points where threads cross). A properly cleaned screen will not have any residual traces of the previous image apparent on its surface.
601:
though the acceptance of this method would take many years. Commercial screen printing now uses sensitizers far safer and less toxic than bichromates. Currently, there are large selections of pre-sensitized and "user mixed" sensitized emulsion chemicals for creating photo-reactive stencils.
1125:
These penetrate the fabric more than the plastisol inks and create a much softer feel. Ideal for printing darker inks onto lighter coloured garments. Also useful for larger area prints where texture is important. Some inks require heat or an added catalyst to make the print
670:
675:
673:
669:
674:
584:
Screen printing was largely introduced to
Western Europe from Asia sometime in the late 18th century, but did not gain large acceptance or use in Europe until silk mesh was more available for trade from the east and a profitable outlet for the medium discovered.
1248:
In screen printing on wafer-based solar photovoltaic (PV) cells, the mesh and buses of silver are printed on the front; furthermore, the buses of silver are printed on the back. Subsequently, aluminum paste is dispensed over the whole surface of the back for
869:
web in a roll-to-roll machine. The benefits are high output rates and long rolls of product. This is the only way to make high-build fully patterned printing/coating as a continuous process, and has been widely used for manufacturing textured wallpapers.
624:, coined the word "serigraphy" in the 1930s to differentiate the artistic application of screen printing from the industrial use of the process. "Serigraphy" is a compound word formed from Latin "sēricum" (silk) and Greek "graphein" (to write or draw).
646:
The
Printers' National Environmental Assistance Center says, "Screenprinting is arguably the most versatile of all printing processes. Since rudimentary screenprinting materials are so affordable and readily available, it has been used frequently in
1183:, and it does not have to be planar. Different inks can be used to work with a variety of materials, such as textiles, ceramics, wood, paper, glass, metal, and plastic. As a result, screen printing is used in many different industries, including:
1269:
To print multiple copies of the screen design on garments in an efficient manner, amateur and professional printers usually use a screen printing press, which is a colloquial term as most screen printing machines are vastly different from offset
635:, published in English in 2016. Outgrowths of these WPA poster shops, at least two New York City studios in wartime started decorating ceramic tiles with fire-on underglaze applied by silkscreen starting as early as 1939: Esteban Soriano and
672:
756:
with a CMYK digital enhancement located on one of the screen print stations. Digital hybrid screen printing is capable of variable data options, creating endless customizations, with the added ability of screen print specific techniques.
861:
substrate and then using a slight amount of downward force pulls the fill bar to the front of the screen. This effectively fills the mesh openings with ink and moves the ink reservoir to the front of the screen. The operator then uses a
845:
areas but leaves the unexposed parts soft. They are then washed away using a water spray, leaving behind a clean area in the mesh with the identical shape as the desired image, which will allow passage of ink. It is a positive process.
1253:
and surface reflection. One of the parameters that can vary and can be controlled in screen printing is the thickness of the print. This makes it useful for some of the techniques of printing solar cells, electronics etc.
1278:
carousels and oval machines (garments and other apparel, amongst other textiles). Both which are fundamentally similar in terms of automation but differ in areas such as physical footprint and upgrade paths.
768:
Screen printers use a silkscreen, a squeegee, and hinge clamps to screen print their designs. The ink is forced through the mesh using the rubber squeegee, the hinge clamps keep the screen in place for easy
1260:
are becoming thinner and larger, so careful printing is required to maintain a lower breakage rate, though high throughput at the printing stage improves the throughput of the whole cell production line.
916:
A screen must then be selected. There are several different mesh counts that can be used depending on the detail of the design being printed. Once a screen is selected, the screen must be coated with a
717:
garments, but was soon directed to the new fad of printing on T-shirts. The
Vasilantone patent was licensed by multiple manufacturers and the resulting production and boom in printed T-shirts made this
1736:
2019:
1112:
free is relatively new breed of ink and printing with the benefits of plastisol but without the two main toxic components. It also has a soft texture and is being produced by most major suppliers.
709:
gained international fame for her vibrant serigraphs during the 1960s and 1970s. Her works were rainbow coloured, contained words that were both political, and fostered peace and love and caring.
1081:
Metallic ink is similar to glitter, but smaller particles suspended in the ink. A glue is printed onto the fabric, then nano-scale fibers applied on it. This is often purchased already made.
1010:
A caviar bead is a glue that is printed in the shape of the design, to which small plastic beads are then applied – works well with solid block areas creating an interesting tactile surface.
2031:
627:
Historians of the New York WPA poster shop give sole credit to
Anthony Velonis for establishing Silkscreen methods used there, a reputation bolstered by the publication of his 1937 booklet
1069:
Glitter or shimmer ink is when metallic flakes become an additive in the ink base to create this sparkle effect. Usually available in gold or silver but can be mixed to make most colours.
671:
841:
A stencil is formed by blocking off parts of the screen in the negative image of the design to be printed; that is, the open spaces are where the ink will appear on the substrate.
725:
Graphic screen-printing is widely used today to create mass- or large-batch produced graphics, such as posters or display stands. Full colour prints can be created by printing in
1036:
Expanding ink, or puff, is an additive to plastisol inks which raises the print off the garment, creating a 3D feel and look to the design. Mostly used when printing on apparel.
659:
screenprints have become a significant cultural aesthetic seen on movie posters, record album covers, flyers, shirts, commercial fonts in advertising, in artwork and elsewhere.
1815:
551:
1483:
components). Each silk screen layer is often a combination of the corresponding Place and Names layers (and the
Dimension layer), thus the 'PL' in the filename extension.
931:
The screen is washed off thoroughly. The areas of emulsion that were not exposed to light dissolve and wash away, leaving a negative stencil of the image on the mesh.
1858:
2053:
1728:
2005:
1535:
722:
screen printing machine popular. Screen printing on garments currently accounts for over half of the screen printing activity in the United States.
1981:
1943:
1016:
Ink may be so applied as to produce a cracked surface after drying. Similar cracking may occur unintentionally if the ink does not cure fully.
696:
494:
1633:
1175:
Screen printing is more versatile than traditional printing techniques. The surface does not have to be printed under pressure, unlike
559:
was operated by
Japanese-American internees who used the silkscreen method to print information for the entire center. (January 1943)
1584:
1807:
1651:
556:
2015:
1703:
1087:
Mirrored silver and gold are highly reflective, solvent-based inks. Mirrored inks can be prone to tarnishing over time.
909:
The original image is created on a transparent overlay, and the image may be drawn or painted directly on the overlay,
1850:
1102:
require heat (approx. 150 °C (300 °F) for many inks) to cure the print, except in the case of low cure inks.
576:(960–1279 AD). It was then adapted by other Asian countries like Japan, and was further created using newer methods.
2152:
985:
487:
90:
68:
2042:
1921:
61:
2178:
963:
2134:
2119:
2104:
2089:
2082:
Screen
Printing: A Contemporary Guide to the Technique of Screen Printing for Artists, Designers, and Craftsmen
967:
1531:
609:
1632:. New York, N.Y.: The Museum of Modern Art, Department of Prints and Illustrated Books. 1999. pp. 1–2.
1291:
480:
1042:
Flocking consists of a glue printed onto the fabric and then flock material is applied for a velvet touch.
17:
1063:. The inks are required to blend and are more translucent, meaning a compromise with vibrancy of colour.
998:
605:
1907:
764:
1757:
1682:
752:
and many other artists have used screen printing as an expression of creativity and artistic vision.
588:
Early in the 1910s, several printers experimenting with photo-reactive chemicals used the well-known
441:
1968:
2194:
1936:
1504:
Sheng, Angela (1999). "Review: Why
Ancient Silk Is Still Gold: Issues in Chinese Textile History".
396:
55:
1967:"Preparing the Manufacturing Data: Gerber Files for Photoplotters with Variable Aperture Wheels".
1624:
1605:
Jenssen, Victoria (Summer 2022). "Designed Tiles: A Silkscreen Studio in New York, NY 1939-1978".
687:
for popularising screen printing as an artistic technique. Warhol's silk screens include his 1962
1250:
956:
706:
593:
1556:
1977:
166:
72:
1299:
1231:
1211:
918:
286:
256:
1879:
2204:
2199:
1781:
519:
306:
1075:
Gloss ink is when a clear base laid over previously printed inks to create a shiny finish.
8:
1580:
1399:
1207:
1162:
741:
695:
printed in bold colours. Warhol was supported in his production by master screen printer
346:
121:
1836:
789:
A screen is made of a piece of mesh stretched over a frame. The mesh could be made of a
1513:
1468:
1002:
Hand-painted colour separation on transparent overlay by serigraph printer Csaba Markus
924:
The overlay is placed over the screen, and then exposed with a light source containing
146:
2148:
2130:
2115:
2100:
2085:
1363:
1307:
1093:
Nylobond is a special ink additive for printing onto technical or waterproof fabrics.
1053:
890:
790:
336:
316:
246:
1170:
1134:
901:
A method of stenciling that has increased in popularity over the past years is the
832:
745:
726:
461:
416:
376:
129:
1970:
EAGLE - Easily
Applicable Graphics Layout Editor - Manual - Version 3.55 and later
1893:
1461:
1339:
1202:
1153:
688:
679:
Video of Silk Screening process for decal paper to be pasted on the ceramic wares
648:
636:
617:
613:
386:
276:
216:
35:
2097:
Silk-Screen as a Fine Art : A Handbook of Contemporary Silk-Screen Printing
2049:
1271:
902:
749:
737:
692:
640:
621:
406:
366:
176:
1707:
853:
to the inks' lower viscosities and greater tendency to creep underneath tape.
592:–activated cross linking or hardening traits of potassium, sodium or ammonium
2188:
1465:
798:
777:
A. Ink. B. Squeegee. C. Image. D. Photo-emulsion. E. Screen. F. Printed image
589:
1144:
process, the varnish yields a Braille effect, hence the term 'high density'.
825:
539:
will determine the outcome and look of the finished design on the material.
1480:
1166:
1023:
573:
156:
31:
2140:
1303:
1295:
1257:
1180:
925:
910:
897:. The ink will be printed where the stencil does not cover the substrate.
733:
684:
656:
451:
236:
105:
1517:
970: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
802:
652:
356:
296:
266:
813:
629:
Technical Problems of the Artist: Technique of the Silkscreen Process.
1242:
1219:
1109:
1096:
1027:
431:
206:
945:
2010:
1411:
1375:
1192:
1060:
921:
and dried. Once dry, it is then possible to burn/expose the print.
862:
781:
531:
527:
226:
1532:"History's Influence on Screen Printing's Future | ScreenWeb"
631:
Guido Lengweiler has corrected this misunderstanding in his book,
1441:
1236:
1187:
1176:
894:
714:
597:
535:
screens can be used to produce a multi-coloured image or design.
523:
191:
2162:. Chicago, Illinois: Fredrick J. Drake & Co. Ref. 1942.1694.
1302:(PCB), and the top and bottom sides are described in individual
2173:
1226:
1197:
1436:
1431:
1387:
1351:
794:
773:
700:
569:
522:, except in areas made impermeable to the ink by a blocking
1678:
1808:"Understanding ceramic and glass decorating - Techniques"
732:
Screen printing lends itself well to printing on canvas.
568:
Screen printing first appeared in a recognizable form in
515:
511:
510:
is a printing technique where a mesh is used to transfer
1581:"Serigraphy | Define Serigraphy at Dictionary.com"
885:
1282:
operator fatigue as well as more consistent results.
713:
manufactured to print logos and team information on
1557:"Interview with WPA silkscreen artist Tony Velonis"
893:of a screen print with a photographically produced
1851:"Printed electronics: A new world of opportunity"
1758:"Screen Printing with Puff Ink | Print Renegades"
1673:
1671:
530:is moved across the screen to fill the open mesh
2186:
1774:
1285:
831:How to screen print with multiple layers using
1668:
1306:like any other layers (such as the copper and
1119:to 50% suede can be added to normal plastisol.
1157:Screen with exposed image ready to be printed
488:
2129:. Cincinnati: ST Media Group International.
2114:. Cincinnati: ST Media Group International.
1960:
1524:
1454:
2035:
1928:
2080:Biegeleisen, Jacob I. Biegeleisen (1972).
1652:"To the Guru of Screen Print, Michel Caza"
495:
481:
128:
2147:. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
2084:. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications.
1976:(2 ed.). Delray Beach, Florida, US:
986:Learn how and when to remove this message
91:Learn how and when to remove this message
1152:
997:
935:
928:light in the 350–420 nanometer spectrum.
884:
780:
772:
763:
666:
655:, and the non-professional look of such
604:A group of artists who later formed the
550:
104:
54:This article includes a list of general
1998:
1805:
1696:
1604:
1049:balance of the foil sheet is discarded.
579:
14:
2187:
1934:
1649:
1549:
785:Different samples of the printed image
2145:Screenprinting: History and Technique
1908:"The rise, fall and rise of the oval"
1503:
691:, which is a portrait of the actress
1922:"Automatic Screen Printing Machines"
968:adding citations to reliable sources
939:
557:Heart Mountain War Relocation Center
40:
2160:Silk Screen Methods of Reproduction
2099:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
1148:
729:(cyan, magenta, yellow and black).
662:
24:
2074:
2016:Würth Elektronik GmbH & Co. KG
2014:(in German). Rot am See, Germany:
1729:"Flatbed cylinder screen printing"
1026:sulfoxylate (the zinc analogue of
60:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2216:
2166:
2127:Screen Printing Today: The Basics
1294:, the silk screen is part of the
2172:
1894:"flat bed screen printing press"
1639:from the original on 2022-10-09.
944:
824:
812:
45:
2059:from the original on 2022-08-29
2022:from the original on 2022-08-29
1987:from the original on 2022-08-30
1949:from the original on 2018-06-17
1914:
1900:
1886:
1872:
1861:from the original on 2015-07-07
1843:
1829:
1818:from the original on 2015-07-07
1799:
1782:"The path to PVC free printing"
1750:
1739:from the original on 2018-04-14
1721:
1685:from the original on 2012-10-19
1681:. Patft.uspto.gov. 2010-08-26.
1587:from the original on 2012-10-25
1538:from the original on 2013-01-21
955:needs additional citations for
1880:"Screen Printing on Drinkware"
1650:Mistry, Bhargav (2010-12-07).
1643:
1617:
1598:
1573:
1497:
683:Credit is given to the artist
13:
1:
2095:Chieffo, Clifford T. (1979).
2008:[Layer designators].
1806:Kiddell, Peter (2015-06-26).
1534:. screenweb.com. 2006-05-04.
1490:
1264:
819:How to screen print one image
421:
196:
181:
2112:A History of Screen Printing
1935:Wright, Allan (2007-04-14).
1583:. Dictionary.reference.com.
1292:electronic design automation
1286:Printed circuit boards (PCB)
633:A History of Screen Printing
7:
1626:Pop impressions: Europe/USA
1460:The letters 'C' and 'S' in
1425:
1310:). Typical names for these
1052:Four-colour process or the
880:
10:
2221:
2143:; Sacilotto, Deli (1979).
1706:. Sgia.org. Archived from
1679:"patft » Page 1 of 1"
1422:(Gerber and many others).
1160:
606:National Serigraph Society
563:
546:
29:
2125:MacDougall, Andy (2008).
2110:Lengwiler, Guido (2013).
1733:Screenprinting Technology
759:
596:chemicals with glues and
460:
450:
442:Thermal-transfer printing
440:
430:
415:
405:
395:
385:
375:
365:
355:
345:
335:
325:
315:
305:
295:
285:
275:
265:
255:
245:
235:
225:
215:
205:
190:
175:
165:
155:
145:
1447:
1022:Discharge inks use zinc
317:Photostat and rectigraph
30:Not to be confused with
2043:"Gerber Output Options"
1980:1999. pp. 88–90 .
1837:"Medical & Science"
1133:similar to traditional
919:photosensitive emulsion
707:Sister Mary Corita Kent
699:, a founding member of
594:chromate and dichromate
116:Part of a series on the
75:more precise citations.
1978:CadSoft Computer, Inc.
1762:www.printrenegades.com
1312:service print overlays
1212:circuit board printing
1158:
1105:PVC and phthalate free
1003:
898:
786:
778:
770:
680:
560:
167:Intaglio (printmaking)
110:
1300:printed circuit board
1232:Thick film technology
1156:
1129:Water-based dye (ink)
1001:
936:Garment printing inks
888:
784:
776:
767:
678:
554:
287:Hot metal typesetting
108:
2181:at Wikimedia Commons
2006:"Lagenbezeichnungen"
1937:"FreePCB User Guide"
1033:Expanding ink (puff)
964:improve this article
580:Adoption in the West
307:Daisy wheel printing
109:A silk screen design
2158:Zahn, Bert (1935).
1704:"Industry Analysis"
1561:Library of Congress
1469:filename extensions
1208:Printed electronics
1163:printed electronics
1059:processes utilises
742:Robert Rauschenberg
639:'s workshop called
555:The poster shop at
347:Dot matrix printing
122:History of printing
1308:solder-stop layers
1159:
1004:
899:
787:
779:
771:
681:
561:
432:Solid ink printing
147:Woodblock printing
111:
27:Printing technique
2177:Media related to
1054:CMYK colour model
996:
995:
988:
791:synthetic polymer
676:
505:
504:
470:
469:
337:Spirit duplicator
247:Chromolithography
101:
100:
93:
16:(Redirected from
2212:
2176:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2047:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1975:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1941:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1631:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1501:
1484:
1477:
1473:
1458:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1272:printing presses
1171:textile printing
1149:Non-garment uses
1135:textile printing
1122:Water-based inks
991:
984:
980:
977:
971:
948:
940:
849:next substrate.
828:
816:
746:Roy Lichtenstein
677:
663:1960s to present
497:
490:
483:
462:Digital printing
426:
423:
417:Thermal printing
377:Phototypesetting
201:
198:
186:
183:
143:
142:
132:
113:
112:
96:
89:
85:
82:
76:
71:this article by
62:inline citations
49:
48:
41:
21:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2195:Screen printing
2185:
2184:
2179:Screen printing
2169:
2077:
2075:Further reading
2072:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:. 2011-07-27 .
2045:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2025:
2023:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1973:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1862:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1804:
1800:
1791:
1789:
1786:Images Magazine
1780:
1779:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1742:
1740:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1660:
1658:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1603:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1471:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1428:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1288:
1267:
1203:Medical devices
1173:
1151:
1066:Glitter/shimmer
992:
981:
975:
972:
961:
949:
938:
883:
839:
838:
837:
836:
835:
829:
821:
820:
817:
762:
689:Marilyn Diptych
667:
665:
637:Harold Ambellan
618:Anthony Velonis
614:Max Arthur Cohn
582:
566:
549:
508:Screen printing
501:
472:
471:
424:
397:Dye-sublimation
387:Inkjet printing
327:Screen printing
277:Offset printing
217:Relief printing
199:
184:
140:
97:
86:
80:
77:
67:Please help to
66:
50:
46:
39:
36:screen painting
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2183:
2182:
2168:
2167:External links
2165:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2138:
2123:
2108:
2093:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2050:Altium Limited
2034:
1997:
1959:
1927:
1913:
1899:
1885:
1871:
1857:. 2015-03-10.
1842:
1828:
1798:
1773:
1749:
1720:
1695:
1667:
1642:
1616:
1597:
1572:
1548:
1523:
1506:Ars Orientalis
1495:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1287:
1284:
1266:
1263:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1216:Product labels
1214:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1020:
1019:Discharge inks
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
994:
993:
952:
950:
943:
937:
934:
933:
932:
929:
922:
914:
903:photo emulsion
882:
879:
830:
823:
822:
818:
811:
810:
809:
808:
807:
761:
758:
750:Harry Gottlieb
738:Arthur Okamura
693:Marilyn Monroe
664:
661:
641:Designed Tiles
622:Hyman Warsager
581:
578:
565:
562:
548:
545:
503:
502:
500:
499:
492:
485:
477:
474:
473:
468:
467:
464:
458:
457:
454:
448:
447:
444:
438:
437:
434:
428:
427:
419:
413:
412:
409:
407:Laser printing
403:
402:
399:
393:
392:
389:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
367:Spark printing
363:
362:
359:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
339:
333:
332:
329:
323:
322:
319:
313:
312:
309:
303:
302:
299:
293:
292:
289:
283:
282:
279:
273:
272:
269:
263:
262:
259:
253:
252:
249:
243:
242:
239:
233:
232:
229:
223:
222:
219:
213:
212:
209:
203:
202:
194:
188:
187:
179:
177:Printing press
173:
172:
169:
163:
162:
159:
153:
152:
149:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
125:
124:
118:
117:
99:
98:
53:
51:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2217:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:0-03-045491-3
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1917:
1910:. 2016-02-17.
1909:
1903:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1875:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1838:
1832:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1710:on 2012-10-14
1709:
1705:
1699:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1635:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1607:Tile Heritage
1601:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1496:
1482:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1000:
990:
987:
979:
976:February 2022
969:
965:
959:
958:
953:This section
951:
947:
942:
941:
930:
927:
923:
920:
915:
912:
908:
907:
906:
904:
896:
892:
887:
878:
874:
870:
866:
864:
858:
857:effectively.
854:
850:
846:
842:
834:
827:
815:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
783:
775:
769:registration.
766:
757:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
723:
721:
716:
710:
708:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
660:
658:
654:
651:settings and
650:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
599:
595:
591:
590:actinic light
586:
577:
575:
571:
558:
553:
544:
540:
536:
533:
529:
526:. A blade or
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
498:
493:
491:
486:
484:
479:
478:
476:
475:
465:
463:
459:
455:
453:
449:
445:
443:
439:
435:
433:
429:
420:
418:
414:
410:
408:
404:
400:
398:
394:
390:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
368:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
348:
344:
340:
338:
334:
330:
328:
324:
320:
318:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
280:
278:
274:
270:
268:
264:
260:
258:
254:
250:
248:
244:
240:
238:
234:
230:
228:
224:
220:
218:
214:
210:
208:
204:
195:
193:
189:
180:
178:
174:
170:
168:
164:
160:
158:
154:
150:
148:
144:
136:
135:
131:
127:
126:
123:
120:
119:
115:
114:
107:
103:
95:
92:
84:
81:November 2019
74:
70:
64:
63:
57:
52:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2159:
2144:
2141:Saff, Donald
2126:
2111:
2096:
2081:
2061:. Retrieved
2037:
2024:. Retrieved
2009:
2000:
1989:. Retrieved
1969:
1962:
1951:. Retrieved
1930:
1916:
1902:
1888:
1874:
1863:. Retrieved
1854:
1845:
1831:
1820:. Retrieved
1811:
1801:
1790:. Retrieved
1788:. 2016-01-19
1785:
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1761:
1752:
1741:. Retrieved
1732:
1723:
1712:. Retrieved
1708:the original
1698:
1687:. Retrieved
1659:. Retrieved
1655:
1645:
1625:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1589:. Retrieved
1575:
1564:. Retrieved
1560:
1551:
1540:. Retrieved
1526:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1481:through-hole
1479:the case of
1456:
1311:
1304:Gerber files
1289:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1258:Solar wafers
1256:
1247:
1210:, including
1174:
1167:roll-to-roll
1140:High density
1084:Mirrored Ink
1024:formaldehyde
1013:Cracking ink
1007:Caviar beads
982:
973:
962:Please help
957:verification
954:
900:
875:
871:
867:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
840:
788:
754:
731:
724:
719:
711:
705:
682:
645:
632:
628:
626:
608:, including
603:
587:
583:
574:Song dynasty
567:
541:
537:
507:
506:
326:
257:Rotary press
157:Movable type
102:
87:
78:
59:
32:Print Screen
2205:Printmaking
2200:DIY culture
1296:layer stack
1251:passivation
1181:lithography
926:ultraviolet
911:photocopied
905:technique:
891:macro photo
734:Andy Warhol
697:Michel Caza
685:Andy Warhol
657:DIY culture
653:subcultures
649:underground
572:during the
452:3D printing
425: 1972
237:Lithography
200: 1515
185: 1440
73:introducing
18:Silk screen
2189:Categories
2135:0944094619
2120:0944094740
2105:0442215614
2090:0823046656
2063:2022-08-29
2026:2022-08-29
1991:2022-08-30
1953:2018-06-17
1865:2015-07-01
1822:2015-07-01
1792:2022-02-23
1767:2023-04-14
1743:2018-05-08
1714:2012-11-15
1689:2012-11-15
1661:2018-11-18
1656:Print Week
1591:2012-11-15
1566:2020-03-29
1542:2012-11-15
1491:References
1372:silkBottom
1265:Automation
1161:See also:
1126:permanent.
803:centimeter
793:, such as
357:Xerography
297:Mimeograph
267:Hectograph
139:Techniques
56:references
1243:Drinkware
1220:Snowboard
1115:Suede ink
1110:phthalate
1097:Plastisol
1061:halftones
1028:Rongalite
532:apertures
520:substrate
518:) onto a
207:Mezzotint
2054:Archived
2020:Archived
2018:. 2020.
2011:WEdirekt
1982:Archived
1944:Archived
1859:Archived
1816:Archived
1737:Archived
1683:Archived
1634:Archived
1613:: 21–37.
1585:Archived
1536:Archived
1426:See also
1412:WEdirekt
1376:Fritzing
1314:include
1239:machines
1225:Textile
1222:graphics
1193:Clothing
1188:Balloons
1108:PVC and
1090:Nylobond
1078:Metallic
1039:Flocking
881:Stencils
863:squeegee
805:(N/cm).
612:artists
528:squeegee
227:Aquatint
2048:. 1.3.
1942:. 1.4.
1518:4629553
1464:'s old
1442:Ink jet
1368:silkTop
1360:PosiBot
1356:PosiTop
1348:B.SilkS
1344:F.SilkS
1298:of the
1237:Pinball
1177:etching
895:stencil
720:garment
715:bowling
598:gelatin
564:Origins
547:History
524:stencil
192:Etching
69:improve
2151:
2133:
2118:
2103:
2088:
1516:
1466:Gerber
1396:SB.PHO
1392:ST.PHO
1364:TARGET
1227:fabric
1198:Decals
1169:, and
799:Newton
760:Method
58:, but
2057:(PDF)
2046:(PDF)
1985:(PDF)
1974:(PDF)
1947:(PDF)
1940:(PDF)
1855:FESPA
1812:FESPA
1637:(PDF)
1630:(PDF)
1514:JSTOR
1462:EAGLE
1448:Notes
1437:Gocco
1432:Batik
1414:) or
1388:OrCAD
1352:KiCad
1340:EAGLE
1320:bSilk
1316:tSilk
1072:Gloss
795:nylon
701:Fespa
570:China
2149:ISBN
2131:ISBN
2116:ISBN
2101:ISBN
2086:ISBN
1476:.PLS
1472:.PLC
1408:SERS
1404:SEVS
1400:PADS
1322:aka
1045:Foil
833:CMYK
801:per
727:CMYK
620:and
514:(or
466:1991
456:1986
446:1981
436:1972
411:1969
401:1957
391:1950
381:1949
371:1940
361:1938
351:1925
341:1923
331:1911
321:1907
311:1889
301:1885
291:1884
281:1875
271:1860
261:1843
251:1837
241:1796
231:1772
221:1690
211:1642
171:1430
161:1040
1420:GBO
1416:GTO
1402:),
1390:),
1384:SSB
1380:SST
1378:),
1366:),
1354:),
1342:),
1336:BSK
1332:TSK
1330:or
1328:PLS
1324:PLC
1290:In
1179:or
966:by
610:WPA
516:dye
512:ink
151:200
34:or
2191::
1853:.
1814:.
1810:.
1784:.
1760:.
1735:.
1731:.
1670:^
1654:.
1611:XI
1609:.
1559:.
1512:.
1510:29
1508:.
1165:,
889:A
748:,
744:,
740:,
736:,
703:.
643:.
616:,
422:c.
197:c.
182:c.
2155:.
2137:.
2122:.
2107:.
2092:.
2066:.
2029:.
1994:.
1956:.
1924:.
1896:.
1882:.
1868:.
1839:.
1825:.
1795:.
1770:.
1746:.
1717:.
1692:.
1664:.
1594:.
1569:.
1545:.
1520:.
1474:/
1418:/
1410:(
1406:/
1398:(
1394:/
1386:(
1382:/
1374:(
1370:/
1362:(
1358:/
1350:(
1346:/
1338:(
1334:/
1326:/
1318:/
1137:.
989:)
983:(
978:)
974:(
960:.
496:e
489:t
482:v
94:)
88:(
83:)
79:(
65:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
